4190 lines
497 KiB
XML
4190 lines
497 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E5BA1C69022F693BD6588B8680CC6DEB">Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813 (Insecta), Caddisflies *</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C2F59BBEC2E26B8F35C08422E0509CF9">Holzenthal, Ralph W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A6EAFBFC5BE49A99CCA541AE2A4BEAE5">Blahnik, Roger J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="48F7A71E39E3926DE1AD5EE0D8ADE77F">Prather, Aysha L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F5DDFCB57860F6323A8E9247B0C78625">Kjer, Karl M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="975AEA7903DBB805C34CFDFD9E18C1CA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C7260ABC90983C5715872A5C9C2C2705">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039C87871F3CFF9373F8FF3FF3AAF959" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5684866" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119382676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5684866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87871F3CFF9373F8FF3FF3AAF959" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87871F3CFF9373F8FF3FF3AAF959" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="686" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
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<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F3CFFA373F8FF3FF3B8FE86" box="[153,474,253,277]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36911F3CFFA373F8FF3FF3B8FE86" blockId="31.[153,1421,253,2027]" box="[153,474,253,277]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
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<heading id="D0C281FD1F3CFFA373F8FF3FF3B8FE86" bold="true" box="[153,474,253,277]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373F8FF3FF3B8FE86" bold="true" box="[153,474,253,277]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
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Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373BEFF3FF30FFE86" ID-CoL="KWD" box="[223,365,253,277]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hydroptilini">Hydroptilini</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stephens
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F3CFFA373A8FEE3F057F8CB" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36911F3CFFA373A8FEE3F642FBA5" blockId="31.[153,1421,253,2027]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FEE3F393FEA4" ID-CoL="MFH" authority="Wells, 1982" authorityName="Wells" authorityYear="1982" box="[201,497,288,312]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Acanthotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FEE3F30BFEAB" box="[201,361,289,312]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Acanthotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Wells, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................... Au
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FE81F3AAFEC9" ID-CoL="627ST" authority="Wells, 1982" authorityName="Wells" authorityYear="1982" box="[201,456,323,346]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Acritoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FE81F35EFEC9" box="[201,316,323,346]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Acritoptila</emphasis>
|
||
Wells, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................... Au
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FEA4F3D7FEEE" ID-CoL="QWZ" authority="Curtis, 1834" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1834" box="[201,437,358,381]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Agraylea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FEA4F348FEEE" box="[201,298,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Agraylea</emphasis>
|
||
Curtis, 1834
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................... Hol
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FE4BF063FE33" authority="McLachlan, 1880" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1880" box="[201,513,393,416]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Allotrichia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FE4BF35EFE33" box="[201,316,393,416]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Allotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FE6EF381FE50" ID-CoL="62DM7" authority="Wells, 1982" authorityName="Wells" authorityYear="1982" box="[201,483,428,451]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Austratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FE6EF335FE50" box="[201,343,428,451]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Austratrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Wells, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
......................................... Au
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FE0DF07FFE76" ID-CoL="3Y2Q" authority="Kjaerandsen, 1997" authorityName="Kjaerandsen" authorityYear="1997" box="[201,541,462,486]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Cyclopsiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FE0DF32CFE75" box="[201,334,463,486]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Cyclopsiella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F3CFFA37234FE0CF07FFE76" author="Kjaerandsen" box="[341,541,462,485]" pageId="31" pageNumber="690" refString="Kjaerandsen, J. (1997) Wlitrichia intropertica new genus, new species, and Cyclopsiella anderseni new genus, new species, two new monobasic genera of microcaddisflies from Ghana (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Hydroptilini). In: Holzenthal, R. W. & Flint, O. S., Jr. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 8 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 227 - 237." type="book chapter" year="1997">Kjaerandsen, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Afr
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FE30F3BAFD9B" ID-CoL="43Y4" authority="Mosely, 1948" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1948" box="[201,472,497,521]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Dhatrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FE30F35CFD9A" box="[201,318,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Dhatrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1948
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Afr
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FDD6F380FDB8" ID-CoL="637DS" authority="Neboiss, 1977" authorityName="Neboiss" authorityYear="1977" box="[201,482,532,555]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Hellyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FDD6F320FDB8" box="[201,322,532,555]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Hellyethira</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F3CFFA3722BFDD6F380FDB8" author="Neboiss" box="[330,482,532,555]" pageId="31" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (1977) A taxonomic and zoogeographic study of Tasmanian caddis flies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 38, 1 - 208, plates 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1977">Neboiss, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................Au, Pa, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FDF5F3BEFDDD" ID-CoL="4ZVF" authority="Dalman, 1819" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1819" box="[201,476,567,590]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Hydroptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FDF5F35CFDDD" box="[201,318,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Hydroptila</emphasis>
|
||
Dalman, 1819
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................... Cosmopolitan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FD98F067FDE2" ID-CoL="4ZVG" authority="Martynov, 1934" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1934" box="[201,517,602,625]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Hydroptilina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FD98F330FDE2" box="[201,338,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Hydroptilina</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FDBFF3A4FD07" ID-CoL="5634" authority="Wells, 1990" authorityName="Wells" authorityYear="1990" box="[201,454,637,660]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Jabitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FDBFF35CFD07" box="[201,318,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Jabitrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Wells, 1990
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Afr, Au, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FD62F3CAFD24" ID-CoL="5SBQ" authority="Ris, 1897" authorityName="Ris" authorityYear="1897" box="[201,424,672,695]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Microptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FD62F359FD24" box="[201,315,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Microptila</emphasis>
|
||
Ris, 1897
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Afr, Or, Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FD00F3B7FD4A" ID-CoL="5TS2" authority="Wells, 1991" authorityName="Wells" authorityYear="1991" box="[201,469,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Missitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FD00F328FD4A" box="[201,330,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Missitrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Wells, 1991
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.......................................... Au
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FD27F3A3FD6F" ID-CoL="5VMF" authority="Wells, 1982" authorityName="Wells" authorityYear="1982" box="[201,449,741,764]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Mulgravia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FD27F358FD6F" box="[201,314,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Mulgravia</emphasis>
|
||
Wells, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................... Au
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FCCAF3D9FC8C" ID-CoL="63HRL" authority="Eaton, 1873" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1873" box="[201,443,776,799]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FCCAF351FC8C" box="[201,307,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Oxyethira</emphasis>
|
||
Eaton, 1873
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................. Cosmopolitan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FCE9F38DFCD1" ID-CoL="6J72" authority="Mosely, 1924" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1924" box="[201,495,811,834]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Paroxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FCE9F337FCD1" box="[201,341,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Paroxyethira</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1924
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................... Au
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FC8CF01AFCF6" ID-CoL="6JMB" authority="Mathis and Bowles, 1989" authorityName="Mathis and Bowles" authorityYear="1989" box="[201,632,846,869]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Paucicalcaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FC8CF302FCF6" box="[201,352,846,869]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Paucicalcaria</emphasis>
|
||
Mathis and Bowles, 1989
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................Na (Arkansas)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FCB3F017FC1B" ID-CoL="63THZ" authority="Wells and Andersen, 1995" authorityName="Wells and Andersen" authorityYear="1995" box="[201,629,881,904]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Tangatrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FCB3F336FC1B" box="[201,340,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Tangatrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Wells and Andersen, 1995
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................ Afr
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FC56F0E1FC38" ID-CoL="63VS3" authority="Kloet and Hincks, 1944" authorityName="Kloet and Hincks" authorityYear="1944" box="[201,643,916,939]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Tricholeiochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FC56F319FC38" box="[201,379,916,939]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Tricholeiochiton</emphasis>
|
||
Kloet and Hincks, 1944
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................. Au, Neo, Or, Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FC75F062FC5E" ID-CoL="84JN" authority="Mosely, 1939" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1939" box="[201,512,950,974]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Ugandatrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FC75F304FC5D" box="[201,358,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Ugandatrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1939
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..............................Afr, Au, Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FC1BF3D3FC63" ID-CoL="86R7" authority="Olah, 1989" authorityName="Olah" authorityYear="1989" box="[201,433,985,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Vietrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FC1BF351FC63" box="[201,307,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Vietrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Olah, 1989
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Or (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F3CFFA370D8FC1BF67AFC63" box="[953,1048,985,1008]" name="Vietnam" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FC3EF066FB80" ID-CoL="63XG8" authority="Kjaerandsen, 1997" authorityName="Kjaerandsen" authorityYear="1997" box="[201,516,1020,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Wlitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FC3EF357FB80" box="[201,309,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Wlitrichia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F3CFFA3725DFC3EF066FB80" author="Kjaerandsen" box="[316,516,1020,1043]" pageId="31" pageNumber="690" refString="Kjaerandsen, J. (1997) Wlitrichia intropertica new genus, new species, and Cyclopsiella anderseni new genus, new species, two new monobasic genera of microcaddisflies from Ghana (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Hydroptilini). In: Holzenthal, R. W. & Flint, O. S., Jr. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 8 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 227 - 237." type="book chapter" year="1997">Kjaerandsen, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Afr
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FBDDF38BFBA5" ID-CoL="649KY" authority="Mosely, 1934" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1934" box="[201,489,1055,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Xuthotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FBDDF332FBA5" box="[201,336,1055,1078]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Xuthotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Au
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F3CFFA373F8FB83F063FBCA" blockId="31.[153,1421,253,2027]" box="[153,513,1089,1113]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373F8FB83F063FBCA" bold="true" box="[153,513,1089,1113]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373BEFB83F063FBCA" ID-CoL="KXZ" authority="Flint, 1970" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1970" box="[223,513,1089,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leucotrichiini">Leucotrichiini Flint, 1970</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F3CFFA373A8FBA7F67DF915" blockId="31.[153,1421,253,2027]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FBA7F3A5FBEF" ID-CoL="LSY" authority="Mosely, 1939" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1939" box="[201,455,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Abtrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FBA7F34CFBEF" box="[201,302,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Abtrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1939
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
......................................... Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FB4AF391FB0D" ID-CoL="627RC" authority="Mosely, 1939" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1939" box="[201,499,1159,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Acostatrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FB4AF33AFB0C" box="[201,344,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Acostatrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1939
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FB69F3A1FB52" ID-CoL="RYN" authority="Flint, 1964" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1964" box="[201,451,1194,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Alisotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FB69F325FB51" box="[201,327,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Alisotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F3CFFA3722FFB68F3A1FB52" author="Flint" box="[334,451,1194,1217]" pageId="31" pageNumber="688" refString="Flint, O. S., Jr. (1964) The caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Puerto Rico. University of Puerto Rica, Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Paper, 40, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1964">Flint, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................ Neo (+sw
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F3CFFA37083FB68F67BFB52" box="[994,1049,1194,1217]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FB0FF3A9FB77" ID-CoL="VG9" authority="Flint, 1970" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1970" box="[201,459,1229,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Anchitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FB0FF32CFB77" box="[201,334,1229,1252]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Anchitrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Flint, 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
......................................... Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FB32F3DDFA94" ID-CoL="33S7" authority="Flint, 1983" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1983" box="[201,447,1264,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Ascotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FB32F321FA94" box="[201,323,1264,1287]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Ascotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Flint, 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.......................................... Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FAD1F3A7FAB9" ID-CoL="39WY" authority="Mosely, 1939" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1939" box="[201,453,1299,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Betrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FAD1F34EFAB9" box="[201,300,1299,1322]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Betrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1939
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
......................................... Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FAF4F060FADF" ID-CoL="3JY3" authority="Mosely, 1934" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1934" box="[201,514,1333,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Celaenotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FAF4F30BFADE" box="[201,361,1334,1357]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Celaenotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FA9BF39EFAFC" ID-CoL="3KNK" authority="Flint, Harris" authorityName="Flint, Harris" box="[201,508,1368,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Cerasmatrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FA9BF312FAE3" box="[201,368,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Cerasmatrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Flint, Harris
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Botosaneanu, 1994.................. Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FAB9F3B4FA01" ID-CoL="3KXF" authority="Flint, 1992" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1992" box="[201,470,1403,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Ceratotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FAB9F338FA01" box="[201,346,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Ceratotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Flint, 1992
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FA5CF38AFA26" ID-CoL="62NDT" authority="Mosely, 1937" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1937" box="[201,488,1438,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Costatrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FA5CF32CFA26" box="[201,334,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Costatrichia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F3CFFA37234FA5CF38AFA26" author="Mosely" box="[341,488,1438,1461]" pageId="31" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1937) Mexican Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 86, 151 - 189." type="journal article" year="1937">Mosely, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................... Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FA03F3A1FA4B" ID-CoL="634WJ" authority="Muller, 1921" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1921" box="[201,451,1473,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Eutonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FA03F352FA4B" box="[201,304,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Eutonella</emphasis>
|
||
Müller, 1921
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.......................................... Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8FA26F392FA68" ID-CoL="5DZL" authority="Mosely, 1934" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1934" box="[201,496,1508,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Leucotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8FA26F333FA68" box="[201,337,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Leucotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................Neo, Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8F9C5F0C8F98E" ID-CoL="62YRS" authority="Harris and Holzenthal, 1997" authorityName="Harris and Holzenthal" authorityYear="1997" box="[201,682,1542,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Mejicanotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8F9C5F317F98D" box="[201,373,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Mejicanotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Harris and Holzenthal, 1997
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................ Neo (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA370A5F9C4F67BF98E" ID-CoL="7X87C" box="[964,1049,1542,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexico">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F3CFFA370A5F9C4F67BF98E" box="[964,1049,1542,1565]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8F9E8F3BEF9D3" ID-CoL="6KHD" authority="Muller, 1879" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1879" box="[201,476,1577,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Peltopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8F9E8F328F9D2" box="[201,330,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Peltopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Müller, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8F98EF0C9F9F0" ID-CoL="7D8W" authority="Harris and Bueno-Soria, 1993" authorityName="Harris and Bueno-Soria" authorityYear="1993" box="[201,683,1612,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Scelobotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8F98EF306F9F0" box="[201,356,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Scelobotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Harris and Bueno-Soria, 1993
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................ Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8F9ADF384F915" ID-CoL="648PQ" authority="Mosely, 1937" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1937" box="[201,486,1647,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Zumatrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8F9ADF32FF915" box="[201,333,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Zumatrichia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F3CFFA37235F9ADF384F915" author="Mosely" box="[340,486,1647,1670]" pageId="31" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1937) Mexican Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 86, 151 - 189." type="journal article" year="1937">Mosely, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................. Neo (+sw
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F3CFFA37080F9ADF67AF915" box="[993,1048,1647,1670]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F3CFFA373F8F950F384F939" blockId="31.[153,1421,253,2027]" box="[153,486,1682,1706]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373F8F950F384F939" bold="true" box="[153,486,1682,1706]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373BEF950F384F939" ID-CoL="L2D" authority="Ross, 1956" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1956" box="[223,486,1682,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Neotrichiini">
|
||
Neotrichiini
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F3CFFA3720EF950F384F939" author="Ross" box="[367,486,1682,1706]" pageId="31" pageNumber="694" refString="Ross, H. H. (1956) Evolution and Classification of the Mountain Caddisflies. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 213 pp." type="book" year="1956">Ross, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F3CFFA373A8F977F67DF8A7" blockId="31.[153,1421,253,2027]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8F977F3C7F95F" ID-CoL="59BZ" authority="Harris" authorityName="Harris" box="[201,421,1717,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Kumanskiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8F977F339F95F" box="[201,347,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Kumanskiella</emphasis>
|
||
Harris
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and OS Flint, 1992............................ Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8F91AF384F97C" ID-CoL="5M8H" authority="Mosely, 1937" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1937" box="[201,486,1752,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Mayatrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8F91AF32FF97C" box="[201,333,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Mayatrichia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F3CFFA37235F91AF384F97C" author="Mosely" box="[340,486,1752,1775]" pageId="31" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1937) Mexican Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 86, 151 - 189." type="journal article" year="1937">Mosely, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................Neo, Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8F939F3B6F882" ID-CoL="62XM" authority="Morton, 1905" authorityName="Morton" authorityYear="1905" box="[201,468,1786,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Neotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8F939F359F881" box="[201,315,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Neotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Morton, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.....................................Neo, Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8F8DFF02EF8A7" ID-CoL="7SSM" authority="Flint and Harris, 1991" authorityName="Flint and Harris" authorityYear="1991" box="[201,588,1821,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Taraxitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8F8DFF335F8A7" box="[201,343,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Taraxitrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Flint and Harris, 1991
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................ Neo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F3CFFA373F8F882F057F8CB" blockId="31.[153,1421,253,2027]" box="[153,565,1856,1880]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373F8F882F057F8CB" bold="true" box="[153,565,1856,1880]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373BEF882F057F8CB" ID-CoL="9G6ZL" authority="Marshall, 1979" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1979" box="[223,565,1856,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ochrotrichiini">
|
||
Ochrotrichiini
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F3CFFA372EAF882F057F8CB" author="Marshall" box="[395,565,1856,1880]" pageId="31" pageNumber="692" refString="Marshall, J. E. (1979) A review of the genera of the Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 39, 135 - 239." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F3CFFA372EAF882F396F8CB" box="[395,500,1856,1880]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F3CFF9C73A8F8A1F07FFF6B" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="671" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F3CFFA373A8F8A1F640F853" blockId="31.[153,1421,253,2027]" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8F8A1F3D3F8E9" authority="Ross, 1938" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1938" box="[201,433,1891,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Metrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8F8A1F350F8E9" box="[201,306,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Metrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Ross, 1938
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. Neo (+sw
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F3CFFA37082F8A1F678F8E9" box="[995,1050,1891,1914]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8F844F38CF80E" authority="Mosely, 1934" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1934" box="[201,494,1926,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Ochrotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8F844F336F80E" box="[201,340,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Ochrotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................Neo, Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F3CFFA373A8F86BF062F853" authority="Mueller, 1879" authorityName="Mueller" authorityYear="1879" box="[201,512,1961,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Rhyacopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="670" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA373A8F86BF303F853" box="[201,353,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">Rhyacopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Mueller, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Neo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F3CFF9C7649F819F07FFF6B" blockId="31.[153,1421,253,2027]" lastBlockId="32.[153,1058,224,1083]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="671" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">
|
||
......c
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F3CFFA3762DF819F7EFF878" box="[1356,1421,2011,2027]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="670">ontinued</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73F8FF22F07FFF6B" bold="true" box="[153,541,224,248]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73BEFF22F07FFF6B" authority="Nielsen, 1948" authorityName="Nielsen" authorityYear="1948" box="[223,541,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Orthotrichiini">
|
||
Orthotrichiini
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C72E9FF22F07FFF6B" author="Nielsen" box="[392,541,224,248]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" refString="Nielsen, A. (1948) Postembryonic development and biology of the Hydroptilidae. A contribution to the phylogeny of the caddis flies and to the question of the origin of the case-building instinct. Biologiske Skrifter, 5, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1948">Nielsen, 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A66191F03FF9C73F8FF65F30DFF2F" box="[153,367,167,188]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F03FF9C73F8FF65F30DFF2F" blockId="32.[153,367,167,188]" box="[153,367,167,188]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73F8FF65F299FF2F" bold="true" box="[153,251,167,188]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">TABLE 3</emphasis>
|
||
(continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F03FF9D73A8FEC1F311FE59" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="672" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F03FF9C73A8FEC1F640FEF3" blockId="32.[153,1058,224,1083]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FEC1F3A3FE89" ID-CoL="62W5R" authority="Eaton, 1873" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1873" box="[201,449,259,282]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Ithytrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FEC1F35BFE89" box="[201,313,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Ithytrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Eaton, 1873
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................... Hol, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FEE4F3AFFEAE" ID-CoL="657C" authority="Flint, 1967" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1967" box="[201,461,294,317]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Nothotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FEE4F333FEAE" box="[201,337,294,317]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Nothotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C7239FEE4F3AFFEAE" author="Flint" box="[344,461,294,317]" pageId="32" pageNumber="688" refString="Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Trichoptera collected by Prof. J. Illies in the Chilean subregion. Beitrage zur Neotropischen Fauna, 5, 45 - 68." type="journal article" year="1967">Flint, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Neo, Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FE8BF3BAFEF3" ID-CoL="63H98" authority="Eaton, 1873" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1873" box="[201,472,329,352]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Orthotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FE8BF332FEF3" box="[201,336,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Orthotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Eaton, 1873
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................ Cosmopolitan
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F03FF9C73F8FEA9F054FE10" blockId="32.[153,1058,224,1083]" box="[153,566,363,387]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73F8FEA9F054FE10" bold="true" box="[153,566,363,387]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73BEFEA9F054FE10" ID-CoL="L8T" authority="Botosaneanu, 1956" authorityName="Botosaneanu" authorityYear="1956" box="[223,566,363,387]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stactobiini">Stactobiini Botosaneanu, 1956</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F03FF9C73A8FE4DF640FCD4" blockId="32.[153,1058,224,1083]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FE4DF3C1FE36" ID-CoL="62H2Q" authority="Flint, 1968" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1968" box="[201,419,398,422]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Bredinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FE4DF344FE35" box="[201,294,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Bredinia</emphasis>
|
||
Flint, 1968
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................................ Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FE70F3A4FE5B" ID-CoL="62JMZ" authority="Flint, 1981" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1981" box="[201,454,433,457]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Byrsopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FE70F328FE5A" box="[201,330,434,457]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Byrsopteryx</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C7230FE73F3A4FE5B" author="Flint" box="[337,454,433,456]" pageId="32" pageNumber="688" refString="Flint, O. S., Jr. (1981) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXVII: Anomalopsychidae, a new family of Trichoptera. In: Moretti, G. P. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 3 rd International Symposium on Trichoptera. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, pp. 75 - 85." type="book chapter" year="1981">Flint, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
......................................... Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FE16F380FE78" ID-CoL="3JL5" authority="Ulmer, 1912" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1912" box="[201,482,468,491]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Catoxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FE16F336FE78" box="[201,340,468,491]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Catoxyethira</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C723AFE16F380FE78" author="Ulmer" box="[347,482,468,491]" pageId="32" pageNumber="696" refString="Ulmer, G. (1912) Die Trichopteren des Baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens, 10, 1 - 380." type="journal article" year="1912">Ulmer, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Au, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FE35F39AFD9D" ID-CoL="3PMH" authority="Schmid, 1958" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1958" box="[201,504,503,526]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Chrysotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FE35F33FFD9D" box="[201,349,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Chrysotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid, 1958
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................... Au, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FDD8F384FDA2" ID-CoL="4KGW" authority="Angrisano, 1995" authorityName="Angrisano" authorityYear="1995" box="[201,486,538,561]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Flintiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FDD8F34EFDA2" box="[201,300,538,561]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Flintiella</emphasis>
|
||
Angrisano, 1995
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................... Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FDFFF385FDC0" ID-CoL="64HK" authority="Wells, 1990" authorityName="Wells" authorityYear="1990" box="[201,487,572,596]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Niuginitrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FDFFF302FDC7" box="[201,352,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Niuginitrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Wells, 1990
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Au
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FDA2F397FDE5" authority="Harris, Flint" authorityName="Harris, Flint" box="[201,501,607,631]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Orinocotrichia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FDA2F30BFDE4" box="[201,361,608,631]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Orinocotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Harris, Flint
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C714CFD9DF086FDE5" author="Holzenthal" box="[557,740,607,630]" pageId="32" pageNumber="691" refString="Kjer, K. M., Blahnik, R. J. & Holzenthal, R. W. (2002) Phylogeny of caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera). Zoologica Scripta, 31, 83 - 91." type="journal article" year="2002">Holzenthal, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.................... Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FD41F399FD0A" ID-CoL="6GWB" authority="Schmid, 1958" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1958" box="[201,507,642,666]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Parastactobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FD41F302FD09" box="[201,352,643,666]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Parastactobia</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid, 1958
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FD67F3CAFD2F" ID-CoL="6SPD" authority="Hagen, 1887" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1887" box="[201,424,677,700]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Plethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FD67F37BFD2F" box="[201,281,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Plethus</emphasis>
|
||
Hagen, 1887
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................................. Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FD0AF3BAFD4C" ID-CoL="7D9H" authority="Ulmer, 1951" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1951" box="[201,472,712,735]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Scelotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FD0AF32BFD4C" box="[201,329,712,735]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Scelotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer, 1951
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Old World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FD29F393FC91" ID-CoL="7LTZ" authority="McLachlan, 1880" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1880" box="[201,497,747,770]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Stactobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FD29F34FFC91" box="[201,301,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Stactobia</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. Old World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FCCCF398FCB7" ID-CoL="645W7" authority="Martynov, 1924" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[201,506,781,805]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Stactobiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FCCCF32AFCB6" box="[201,328,782,805]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Stactobiella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C722EFCCFF398FCB7" author="Martynov" box="[335,506,781,804]" pageId="32" pageNumber="692" refString="Martynov, A. V. (1924) Rucheiniki (caddisflies [Trichptera]) [in Russian]. In: Bogdanova-Kat'kova, N. N. (Ed.) Prakticheskaya entomologiya, Volume 5, Leningrad, pp. iv + 384." type="book chapter" year="1924">Martynov, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................. Hol, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FCF3F3BFFCD4" authority="Harris, Flint" authorityName="Harris, Flint" box="[201,477,816,840]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Tizatetrichia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FCF3F333FCDB" box="[201,337,817,840]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Tizatetrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Harris, Flint
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C7174FCF2F0AFFCD4" author="Holzenthal" box="[533,717,816,839]" pageId="32" pageNumber="691" refString="Kjer, K. M., Blahnik, R. J. & Holzenthal, R. W. (2002) Phylogeny of caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera). Zoologica Scripta, 31, 83 - 91." type="journal article" year="2002">Holzenthal, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
...................... Neo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F03FF9C73F8FC91F34CFCF8" blockId="32.[153,1058,224,1083]" box="[153,302,851,875]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73F8FC91F34CFCF8" bold="true" box="[153,302,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F03FF9C73A8FCB4F640FBA8" blockId="32.[153,1058,224,1083]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FCB4F069FC1E" ID-CoL="3F6C" authority="Sykora 1967" authorityName="Sykora" authorityYear="1967" box="[201,523,886,909]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Caledonotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FCB4F31AFC1E" box="[201,376,886,909]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Caledonotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Sykora 1967
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................Au (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F03FF9C7013FCB4F679FC1E" box="[882,1051,886,909]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FC5BF3F1FC23" ID-CoL="44G7" authority="Ross, 1939" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1939" box="[201,403,921,944]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Dibusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FC5BF374FC23" box="[201,278,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Dibusa</emphasis>
|
||
Ross, 1939
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.............................................. Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FC7EF3B9FC40" ID-CoL="44GL" authority="Mueller, 1879" authorityName="Mueller" authorityYear="1879" box="[201,475,956,979]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Dicaminus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FC7EF35EFC40" box="[201,316,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Dicaminus</emphasis>
|
||
Mueller, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Neo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FC1DF06CFC65" ID-CoL="5JPG" authority="Schmid, 1958" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1958" box="[201,526,991,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Macrostactobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FC1DF310FC65" box="[201,370,991,1014]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Macrostactobia</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid, 1958
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FBC0F39EFB8A" ID-CoL="5M8R" authority="Neboiss, 1977" authorityName="Neboiss" authorityYear="1977" box="[201,508,1026,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Maydenoptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FBC0F33FFB8A" box="[201,349,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Maydenoptila</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C7205FBC0F39EFB8A" author="Neboiss" box="[356,508,1026,1049]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (1977) A taxonomic and zoogeographic study of Tasmanian caddis flies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 38, 1 - 208, plates 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1977">Neboiss, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Au
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73A8FBE6F073FBA8" ID-CoL="63HBK" authority="Mosely, 1934" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1934" box="[201,529,1060,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Orphninotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73A8FBE6F31AFBA8" box="[201,376,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Orphninotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Au
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F03FF9C73F6FB9EF358F995" blockId="32.[151,1437,1116,1542]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">
|
||
Mathis and Bowles (Arkansas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F03FF9C717BFB9EF03BFBE5" box="[538,601,1116,1142]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C71CBFB9EF18FFBE5" ID-CoL="86R7" authority="Olah" authorityName="Olah" box="[682,1005,1116,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Vietrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C71CBFB9EF17DFBE6" box="[682,799,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Vietrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Olah (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F03FF9C7018FB9EF187FBE5" box="[889,997,1116,1142]" name="Vietnam" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C709CFB9EF6DFFBE5" ID-CoL="QWZ" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[1021,1213,1116,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Agraylea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C709CFB9EF60BFBE6" box="[1021,1129,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Agraylea</emphasis>
|
||
Curtis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs across the Holarctic and has about 20 species. The other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C7189FB46F11BFB0D" ID-CoL="KWD" box="[744,889,1156,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hydroptilini">Hydroptilini</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera are more widespread across several biogeographical regions and include 2 large cosmopolitan genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C7080FB6EF6AFFB55" ID-CoL="4ZVF" authority="Dalman" authorityName="Dalman" box="[993,1229,1196,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Hydroptila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C7080FB6EF600FB56" box="[993,1122,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Hydroptila</emphasis>
|
||
Dalman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with about 400 described species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C72D0FB16F044FB7E" ID-CoL="63HRL" box="[433,550,1236,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C72D0FB16F044FB7E" box="[433,550,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Oxyethira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with about 200.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C7069FB16F1CBFB7D" ID-CoL="628F8" box="[776,937,1236,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Orthotrichiini">Orthotrichiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small tribe of 3 genera, of which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73F6FB3EF349FA86" ID-CoL="63H98" box="[151,299,1276,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Orthotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73F6FB3EF349FA86" box="[151,299,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Orthotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is cosmopolitan and contains over 150 species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C701CFB3EF19EFA85" ID-CoL="L8T" box="[893,1020,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stactobiini">Stactobiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a heterogeneous assemblage of genera endemic to a single region or more broadly distributed across several regions;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C77C1FAE6F76DFAAE" ID-CoL="7LTZ" box="[1184,1295,1316,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Stactobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C77C1FAE6F76DFAAE" box="[1184,1295,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Stactobia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most species rich with about 150 species found only in the Old World.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C70AFFA8EF6E0FAF5" author="Nielsen" box="[974,1154,1356,1382]" pageId="32" pageNumber="693" refString="Nielsen, A. (1948) Postembryonic development and biology of the Hydroptilidae. A contribution to the phylogeny of the caddis flies and to the question of the origin of the case-building instinct. Biologiske Skrifter, 5, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1948">Nielsen (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73F6FAB6F35CFA1D" ID-CoL="B8Y" box="[151,318,1396,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydroptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hydroptilid larvae are highly diverse in form, habitat, and feeding behavior. Although most construct cases of silk or sand, some construct flat, fixed shelters, while others remain free-living until pupation. Many genera remain unknown in the larval stage. The family is the
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C775AFA06F689FA4E" box="[1083,1259,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">terra incognita</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C7672FA06F354F995" authority="(Flint 1992b)" baseAuthorityName="Flint" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Trichoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Trichoptera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C73FEFA2EF34CF995" author="Flint" box="[159,302,1516,1542]" pageId="32" pageNumber="688" refString="Flint, O. S., Jr. (1992 b) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXVIII: a review of the classification and biology of the Neotropical microcaddisflies, with the description of a new genus (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Leucotrichiini). In: Quintero, D. & Aiello, A. (Eds.) Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: Selected Studies. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 525 - 531." type="book chapter" year="1992" yearSuffix="b">Flint 1992b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F03FF9D73F6F9FEF149FEE9" blockId="32.[151,1437,1596,2022]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="672" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C73F6F9FEF339F9C5" ID-CoL="FR8" box="[151,347,1596,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C73F6F9FEF339F9C5" bold="true" box="[151,347,1596,1622]" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Rhyacophilidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C7212F9FEF049F9C5" ID-CoL="FR8" box="[371,555,1596,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhyacophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a relatively large family, originally established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C77C7F9FEF708F9C5" author="Stephens" box="[1190,1386,1596,1622]" pageId="32" pageNumber="695" refString="Stephens, J. F. (1836) Illustrations of British Entomology; or a Synopsis of Indigenous Insects: Containing their Generic and Specific Distinctions; with an Account of their Metamorphoses, Times of Appearance, Localities, Food, and Economy, as far as Practicable. Mandibulata. Vol. VI. [Trichoptera, pages 146 - 208]. Baldwin and Cradock, London, 240 pp." type="book chapter" year="1836">Stephens (1836)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. At one time the family included also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C7150F9A6F09BF9ED" ID-CoL="623KK" box="[561,761,1636,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Glossosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Glossosomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C7057F9A6F180F9ED" ID-CoL="B89" box="[822,994,1636,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrobiosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydrobiosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other taxa, but its definition has progressively become more restricted. Evolutionary relationships of the family were discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C766FF94EF7FEF935" author="Ross" box="[1294,1436,1676,1702]" pageId="32" pageNumber="694" refString="Ross, H. H. (1956) Evolution and Classification of the Mountain Caddisflies. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 213 pp." type="book" year="1956">Ross (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the family was the subject of a large revision by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C7050F976F18AF95D" author="Schmid" box="[817,1000,1716,1742]" pageId="32" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1970) Le genre Rhyacophila et la famille des Rhyacophilidae (Trichoptera). Memoires de la Societe Entomologique du Canada, 66, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1970">Schmid (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The family is predominantly north temperate and is found in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F03FF9C7174F91EF01FF965" box="[533,637,1756,1782]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Europe, and Asia, but also extends into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F03FF9C773FF91EF6F8F965" box="[1118,1178,1756,1782]" name="India" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the tropical areas of southeastern Asia. Currently most of the diversity is included in a single genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C77E7F8C6F708F88D" ID-CoL="79GT" authority="Pictet" authorityName="Pictet" box="[1158,1386,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" genus="Rhyacophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C77E7F8C6F778F88E" box="[1158,1306,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Rhyacophila</emphasis>
|
||
Pictet
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the largest genus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C7236F8EEF381F8D5" ID-CoL="77f81588-9b0d-4ab2-b82e-7265a66ef220" box="[343,483,1836,1862]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with over 700 species and additional ones regularly being described. In addition to the landmark works of Ross and Schmid on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C71DEF896F6F2F8FD" ID-CoL="79GT" authority="Prather and Morse (2001)" authorityName="Prather and Morse" authorityYear="2001" box="[703,1168,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" genus="Rhyacophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C71DEF896F131F8FE" box="[703,851,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Rhyacophila</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C7003F896F6F2F8FD" author="Prather" box="[866,1168,1876,1902]" pageId="32" pageNumber="694" refString="Prather, A. L. & Morse, J. C. (2001) Eastern Nearctic Rhyacophila species, with a revision of the Rhyacophila invaria group (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 127, 85 - 166." type="journal article" year="2001">Prather and Morse (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
studied the phylogeny of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C738DF8BEF304F806" ID-CoL="4SNTV" box="[236,358,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" genus="Rhyacophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C738DF8BEF29CF806" box="[236,254,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C7270F8BEF304F806" box="[273,358,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">invaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group from eastern North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F03FF9C71D8F8BEF17CF805" box="[697,798,1916,1942]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F03FF9C7000F8BEF19DF805" box="[865,1023,1916,1942]" pageId="32" pageNumber="692" refString="Mey, W. (1999 b) Origin and formation of the distributional patterns of Rhyacophila species in the islands of South-East Asia. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 78, 193 - 203." type="journal article">Mey (1999b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
investigated the biogeography of Southeast Asian members of the genus. Other genera include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F03FF9C70A3F866F6A6F82D" ID-CoL="62V5Z" authority="Banks" authorityName="Banks" box="[962,1220,1956,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" genus="Himalopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F03FF9C70A3F866F608F82E" box="[962,1130,1956,1981]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">Himalopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Banks
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ca. 50 species, predominantly in the eastern Palearctic and Oriental regions, but with 1 species from western North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F03FF9C7647F80EF7EDF875" box="[1318,1423,1996,2022]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="671">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D73F6FF5AF3E5FF21" ID-CoL="6NG3" authority="Lepneva" authorityName="Lepneva" box="[151,391,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" genus="Philocrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D73F6FF5AF37BFF22" box="[151,281,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Philocrena</emphasis>
|
||
Lepneva
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F02FF9D7133FF5AF0D6FF21" box="[594,692,152,178]" name="Georgia" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, western Palearctic), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7087FF5AF6ADFF21" ID-CoL="4JFW" authority="Mey" authorityName="Mey" box="[998,1231,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" genus="Fansipangana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7087FF5AF6EDFF22" box="[998,1167,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Fansipangana</emphasis>
|
||
Mey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a single species recently described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F02FF9D72D7FF02F043FF49" box="[438,545,192,218]" name="Vietnam" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The family is 1 of 2 (the other being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D708AFF02F6F8FF49" ID-CoL="B89" box="[1003,1178,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrobiosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydrobiosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that includes species that are free-living and predaceous as larvae, constructing a domed pupal chamber of rocks at maturity. As the etymology of the family name indicates, the larvae frequent cool, fast flowing rivers and streams. Larvae in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7274FEFAF3DEFEC2" ID-CoL="62V5Z" box="[277,444,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" genus="Himalopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7274FEFAF3DEFEC2" box="[277,444,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Himalopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and some in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D718CFEFAF1E3FEC2" ID-CoL="79GT" box="[749,897,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" genus="Rhyacophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D718CFEFAF1E3FEC2" box="[749,897,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Rhyacophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possess abdominal and thoracic gills, quite different from those in Integripalpia or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7102FEA2F145FEE9" ID-CoL="B8X" box="[611,807,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydropsychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F02FF9D73F6FE72F311FE59" blockId="33.[151,1437,432,1258]" box="[151,371,432,458]" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">INTEGRIPALPIA</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F02FF9D73A6FE1AF3E0FE61" box="[199,386,472,498]" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F02FF9D73A6FE1AF3E0FE61" blockId="33.[151,1437,432,1258]" box="[199,386,472,498]" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">PLENITENTORIA</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F02FF9873F6FE3DF03EFE83" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="675" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F02FF9D73F6FE3DF61DFB79" blockId="33.[151,1437,432,1258]" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D73F6FE3DF352FD8A" ID-CoL="6JH" box="[151,304,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D73F6FE3DF352FD8A" bold="true" box="[151,304,511,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Apataniidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This is a northern and montane group found in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F02FF9D70A4FDC2F64FFD89" box="[965,1069,512,538]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Europe, and Asia. The family names dates to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F02FF9D7228FDEAF048FDD1" author="Wallengren" box="[329,554,552,578]" pageId="33" pageNumber="696" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1886) Skandinaviens arter af Trichoptera-familjen Apataniidae. Entomologisk tidskrift, 73 - 80." type="book chapter" year="1886">Wallengren (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but for most of its history it was included as a subfamily of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D778BFDEAF7FBFDD1" ID-CoL="624XF" box="[1258,1433,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnephilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F02FF9D73F6FD92F32DFDF9" author="Wiggins" box="[151,335,592,618]" pageId="33" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (1996) Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera). University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 457 pp." type="book" year="1996">Wiggins (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated the group as a distinct family and subsequent workers have accepted this designation. There are nearly 200 species in 18 genera, divided into 2 subfamilies. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D777FFDBAF6CEFD01" ID-CoL="J5S" box="[1054,1196,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Apataniinae">Apataniinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains the largest genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7388FD62F3A2FD29" ID-CoL="62D8J" authority="Kolenati" authorityName="Kolenati" box="[233,448,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apatania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7388FD62F336FD2A" box="[233,340,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Apatania</emphasis>
|
||
Kolenati
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(nearly 100 species, Holarctic), as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D70D3FD62F7FAFD29" ID-CoL="Y4F" authority="Mosely (Palearctic, Oriental)" authorityName="Mosely (Palearctic, Oriental" box="[946,1432,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apataniana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D70D3FD62F658FD2A" box="[946,1082,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Apataniana</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely (Palearctic, Oriental)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D73F6FD0AF3B9FD71" ID-CoL="Y56" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[151,475,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apatidelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D73F6FD0AF373FD72" box="[151,273,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Apatidelia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F02FF9D72E9FD0AF3B6FD71" box="[392,468,712,738]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 4 monotypic genera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D718EFD0AF65BFD71" ID-CoL="7S7G" authority="Mey" authorityName="Mey" box="[751,1081,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Talgara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D718EFD0AF12FFD72" box="[751,845,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Talgara</emphasis>
|
||
Mey (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F02FF9D70C3FD0AF653FD71" box="[930,1073,712,738]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7728FD0AF7F5FD71" ID-CoL="76Q9" authority="Martynov" authorityName="Martynov" box="[1097,1431,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Radema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7728FD0AF6CBFD72" box="[1097,1193,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Radema</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F02FF9D765AFD0AF7EDFD71" box="[1339,1423,712,738]" name="Russia" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D73F6FD32F3BAFC99" ID-CoL="7V7J" authority="Hagen (Siberia)" authorityName="Hagen (Siberia" box="[151,472,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Thamastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D73F6FD32F377FC9A" box="[151,277,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Thamastes</emphasis>
|
||
Hagen (Siberia)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7285FD32F174FC99" ID-CoL="63PTG" authority="Mey (Siberia)" authorityName="Mey (Siberia" box="[484,790,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Proradema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7285FD32F00BFC9A" box="[484,617,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Proradema</emphasis>
|
||
Mey (Siberia)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 5 small genera endemic to Lake Baikal:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D764BFD32F369FCA1" ID-CoL="37DF" authority="Martynov" authorityName="Martynov" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Baicalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D764BFD32F7FEFC9A" box="[1322,1436,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Baicalina</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D72D3FCDAF0A1FCA1" ID-CoL="6XKW" authority="Ivanov" authorityName="Ivanov" box="[434,707,792,818]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Protobaicalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D72D3FCDAF001FCA2" box="[434,611,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Protobaicalina</emphasis>
|
||
Ivanov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4 species),
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D700BFCDAF664FCA2" box="[874,1030,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Protoradema</emphasis>
|
||
Ivanov (2 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D766DFCDAF369FCC9" ID-CoL="37DG" authority="Martynov" authorityName="Martynov" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Baicalinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D766DFCDAF7F9FCA2" box="[1292,1435,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Baicalinella</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(monotypic), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7289FC82F08DFCC9" ID-CoL="37DJ" authority="Martynov" authorityName="Martynov" box="[488,751,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Baicaloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7289FC82F010FCCA" box="[488,626,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Baicaloides</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(monotypic). The subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D772FFC82F766FCC9" ID-CoL="628KZ" box="[1102,1284,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Moropsychinae">Moropsychinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7395FCAAF3BFFC11" ID-CoL="63CL5" authority="Banks" authorityName="Banks" box="[244,477,872,898]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Moropsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7395FCAAF3E7FC12" box="[244,389,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Moropsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Banks
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(30 species, East Palearctic and Oriental), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7725FCAAF768FC11" ID-CoL="64YQ" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[1092,1290,872,898]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Notania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7725FCAAF6C0FC12" box="[1092,1186,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Notania</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5 species, Oriental). Four genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D72D3FC52F00CFC39" ID-CoL="SFG" authority="Banks" authorityName="Banks" box="[434,622,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Allomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D72D3FC52F07EFC3A" box="[434,540,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Allomyia</emphasis>
|
||
Banks
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nearctic and eastern Palearctic, 23 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D77FDFC52F7FEFC39" ID-CoL="5KY2" authority="Wiggins" authorityName="Wiggins" box="[1180,1436,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Manophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D77FDFC52F74DFC3A" box="[1180,1327,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Manophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Wiggins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nearctic and eastern Palearctic, 6 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D71FDFC7AF1EBFC41" ID-CoL="5VDL" authority="Denning" authorityName="Denning" box="[668,905,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Moselyana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D71FDFC7AF17FFC42" box="[668,797,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Moselyana</emphasis>
|
||
Denning
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Oregon, monotypic), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D77A6FC7AF7FEFC41" ID-CoL="6K3C" authority="Ross" authorityName="Ross" box="[1223,1436,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Pedomoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D77A6FC7AF739FC42" box="[1223,1371,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Pedomoecus</emphasis>
|
||
Ross
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pacific northwest of North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F02FF9D7293FC22F038FC69" box="[498,602,992,1018]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, monotypic), form a monophyletic group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F02FF9D7706FC22F681FC69" author="Gall" box="[1127,1251,992,1018]" pageId="33" pageNumber="689" refString="Gall, W. K. (1994) Phylogenetic studies in the Limnephilidae with a revision of the World genera of Goeridae (Trichoptera). Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto, 140 pp." type="book" year="1994">Gall 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) separate from either subfamily. Apataniid larvae construct cases of small rock pieces, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7730FBCAF686FBB2" ID-CoL="5KY2" box="[1105,1252,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Manophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7730FBCAF686FBB2" box="[1105,1252,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Manophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae also add plant pieces to the upper surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F02FF9D717EFBF2F0A9FBD9" author="Wiggins" box="[543,715,1072,1098]" pageId="33" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (2004) Caddisflies: the underwater architects. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 292 pp." type="book" year="2004">Wiggins 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F02FF9D71BFFBF2F1E1FBD9" author="Corbet" box="[734,899,1072,1098]" pageId="33" pageNumber="687" refString="Corbet, P. S. (1966) Parthenogenesis in caddisflies (Trichoptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44, 981 - 982." type="journal article" year="1966">Corbet (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
documented parthenogenesis in some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D73D7FB9AF340FBE2" ID-CoL="62D8J" box="[182,290,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apatania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D73D7FB9AF340FBE2" box="[182,290,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Apatania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Larvae occur in cool running waters, but at high elevations and extreme northern latitudes, some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D727BFB42F3E7FB0A" ID-CoL="62D8J" box="[282,389,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apatania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D727BFB42F3E7FB0A" box="[282,389,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Apatania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in lakes. Most larvae graze periphyton from rocks with scraper mandibles. Some species also occur in hygropetric habitats, some of which are dry for much of the year. The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D73F6FB12F37AFB7A" ID-CoL="5VDL" box="[151,280,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Moselyana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D73F6FB12F37AFB7A" box="[151,280,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Moselyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in spring seepages, and are detritivores with toothed mandibles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F02FF9D73F6FADDF090F959" blockId="33.[151,1436,1311,1738]" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D73F6FADDF305FAAA" ID-CoL="7CK" box="[151,359,1311,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D73F6FADDF305FAAA" bold="true" box="[151,359,1311,1337]" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Brachycentridae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This is a Northern Hemisphere family found in both the Old and New Worlds.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F02FF9D7630FAE2F287FAF1" author="Ulmer" pageId="33" pageNumber="695" refString="Ulmer, G. (1903) Ueber die Metamorphose der Trichopteren. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen vereins in Hamburg, 18, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1903">Ulmer (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally established this group as a subfamily of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D702EFA8AF67FFAF1" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[847,1053,1352,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It now contains 6 genera and a little over 100 species. Three of these genera are monotypic:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7001FAB2F6DEFA19" ID-CoL="P9T" authority="Flint (Nearctic)" authorityName="Flint (Nearctic" box="[864,1212,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" genus="Adicrophleps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7001FAB2F19FFA1A" box="[864,1021,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Adicrophleps</emphasis>
|
||
Flint (Nearctic)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D77A9FAB2F372FA21" ID-CoL="6298C" authority="Ross (Nearctic)" authorityName="Ross (Nearctic" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" genus="Amiocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D77A9FAB2F73EFA1A" box="[1224,1372,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Amiocentrus</emphasis>
|
||
Ross (Nearctic)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D723DFA5AF0F6FA21" ID-CoL="47FL" authority="Martynov" authorityName="Martynov" box="[348,660,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" genus="Dolichocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D723DFA5AF072FA22" box="[348,528,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Dolichocentrus</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(southeastern Siberia).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D70AFFA5AF76AFA21" ID-CoL="62RVM" authority="Wiggins" authorityName="Wiggins" box="[974,1288,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" genus="Eobrachycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D70AFFA5AF6F4FA22" box="[974,1174,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Eobrachycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
Wiggins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F02FF9D767FFA5AF701FA21" box="[1310,1379,1432,1458]" name="Japan" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and western North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F02FF9D7233FA02F3DBFA49" box="[338,441,1472,1498]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
) contains only half a dozen species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D70F2FA02F6F6FA49" ID-CoL="3C9T" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[915,1172,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" genus="Brachycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D70F2FA02F65CFA4A" box="[915,1086,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Brachycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
Curtis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ca. 30 species) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D73F6FA2AF3CAF991" ID-CoL="5RDY" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[151,424,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" genus="Micrasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D73F6FA2AF379F992" box="[151,283,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Micrasema</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ca. 75 species) are both widespread across the Holarctic and Oriental regions. Larvae construct cases from plant or rock materials, and some species use silk alone for part of the case. Several genera build 4-sided cases. The family is ecologically diverse. They inhabit running waters, but may be found in slow-flowing marshy channels. Some genera feed on aquatic moss; others are filter-feeders. Some North American species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D72F3F94AF05FF932" ID-CoL="3C9T" box="[402,573,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" genus="Brachycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D72F3F94AF05FF932" box="[402,573,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Brachycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in thermal streams with temperatures as high as 34°C that smell strongly of hydrogen sulfide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F02FF9D7158F972F084F959" author="Wiggins" box="[569,742,1712,1738]" pageId="33" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (2004) Caddisflies: the underwater architects. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 292 pp." type="book" year="2004">Wiggins 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F02FF9E73F6F93DF124FDF9" blockId="33.[151,1437,1791,2018]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,152,618]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="673" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D73F6F93DF369F88A" ID-CoL="623LN" box="[151,267,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D73F6F93DF369F88A" bold="true" box="[151,267,1791,1817]" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Goeridae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This is a widely distributed family, found on all continents except South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F02FF9D77E9F8C2F68FF889" box="[1160,1261,1792,1818]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F02FF9D7648F8C2F7FAF889" box="[1321,1432,1792,1818]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F02FF9D73F6F8EAF355F8D1" author="Ulmer" box="[151,311,1832,1858]" pageId="33" pageNumber="695" refString="Ulmer, G. (1903) Ueber die Metamorphose der Trichopteren. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen vereins in Hamburg, 18, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1903">Ulmer (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally described this group as a subfamily of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7019F8EAF624F8D1" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[888,1094,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F02FF9D7731F8EAF6BEF8D1" author="Flint" box="[1104,1244,1832,1858]" pageId="33" pageNumber="688" refString="Flint, O. S., Jr. (1960) Taxonomy and biology of Nearctic limnephilid larvae (Trichoptera), with special reference to species in eastern United States. Entomologica Americana, 40, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1960">Flint (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and other North American workers considered it a subfamily of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D71A7F892F116F8F9" ID-CoL="624XF" box="[710,884,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnephilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but other authors either always considered it a separate family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F02FF9D723EF8BAF062F801" author="Schmid" box="[351,512,1912,1938]" pageId="33" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1980) Esquisse pour une classification et une phylogenie des Goerides (Trichoptera). Naturaliste Canadien, 107, 185 - 194." type="journal article" year="1980">Schmid 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or elevated the group to its place as a separate family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F02FF9D77CBF8BAF73AF801" author="Wiggins" box="[1194,1368,1912,1938]" pageId="33" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (1996) Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera). University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 457 pp." type="book" year="1996">Wiggins 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D73F6F862F361F829" ID-CoL="623LN" box="[151,259,1952,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Goeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are divided into 3 subfamilies.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D711FF862F088F829" ID-CoL="JLZ" box="[638,746,1952,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Goerinae">Goerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ulmer contains most of the genera, each with 1 or only a few species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D7255F80AF039F871" ID-CoL="3285" authority="Martynov" authorityName="Martynov" box="[308,603,1992,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Archithremma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7255F80AF3BFF872" box="[308,477,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Archithremma</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(central eastern Siberia),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9D70F5F80AF747F871" ID-CoL="4MCR" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[916,1317,1992,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Gastrocentrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D70F5F80AF62CF872" box="[916,1102,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Gastrocentrella</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer (Sumatra)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F02FF9E7655F80AF28FFF21" ID-CoL="7GW5" authority="Fischer" authorityName="Fischer" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Silonella" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="673" order="Trichoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F02FF9D7655F80AF7FEF872" box="[1332,1436,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="672">Silonella</emphasis>
|
||
Fischer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E7261FF5AF336FF21" box="[256,340,152,178]" name="France" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E7202FF5AF3C8FF21" box="[355,426,152,178]" name="Spain" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E72A3FF5AF0B7FF21" ID-CoL="4MCS" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[450,725,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Gastrocentrides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E72A3FF5AF01DFF22" box="[450,639,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Gastrocentrides</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E7189FF5AF15FFF21" box="[744,829,152,178]" name="Myanmar" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E702DFF5AF1A0FF21" box="[844,962,152,178]" name="Indonesia" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E70B8FF5AF6DFFF21" ID-CoL="4PS6" authority="Denning" authorityName="Denning" box="[985,1213,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Goeracea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E70B8FF5AF62FFF22" box="[985,1101,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Goeracea</emphasis>
|
||
Denning
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E779CFF5AF7FEFF21" ID-CoL="4PS8" authority="Ross" authorityName="Ross" box="[1277,1436,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Goerita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E779CFF5AF73AFF22" box="[1277,1368,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Goerita</emphasis>
|
||
Ross
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E738CFF02F335FF49" box="[237,343,192,218]" name="United States of America" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E72FDFF02F016FF49" ID-CoL="5FKZ" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[412,628,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Lithax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E72FDFF02F385FF4A" box="[412,487,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Lithax</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(widespread across the western Palearctic).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E771EFF02F69EFF49" ID-CoL="7GVZ" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[1151,1276,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Silo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E771EFF02F6CEFF4A" box="[1151,1196,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Silo</emphasis>
|
||
Curtis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the second largest genus with over a dozen western Palearctic species. The largest genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E770BFF2AF749FE91" ID-CoL="4PS5" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" box="[1130,1323,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Goera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E770BFF2AF6D7FE92" box="[1130,1205,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Goera</emphasis>
|
||
Stephens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ca. 130 species) is found in all biogeographic regions except the Neotropical, but with scant representation in the Afrotropics (1 species in southern Africa) and Australasia (2 species from the southwest Pacific).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E767CFEFAF7F9FEC1" ID-CoL="JSM" box="[1309,1435,312,338]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larcasinae">Larcasinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Navás contains 1 genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E72B4FEA2F0F7FEE9" ID-CoL="62XD9" authority="Navas" authorityName="Navas" box="[469,661,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Larcasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E72B4FEA2F05FFEEA" box="[469,573,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Larcasia</emphasis>
|
||
Navás
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6 species, Palearctic and Oriental); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E77C9FEA2F748FEE9" ID-CoL="JT3" box="[1192,1322,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lepaniinae">Lepaniinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wiggins contains only 1 species endemic to northwestern North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E7033FE4AF1D8FE31" box="[850,954,392,418]" name="United States of America" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E70ADFE4AF7FFFE31" ID-CoL="6P8BN" authority="Ross. Parker (1998)" authorityName="Ross. Parker" authorityYear="1998" box="[972,1437,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Lepania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cascada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E70ADFE4AF6FBFE32" box="[972,1177,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Lepania cascada</emphasis>
|
||
Ross.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E7795FE4AF7FFFE31" author="Parker" box="[1268,1437,392,418]" pageId="34" pageNumber="694" refString="Parker, C. R. (1998) A review of Goerita (Trichoptera: Goeridae) with description of a new species. Insecta Mundi, 12, 227 - 238." type="journal article" year="1998">Parker (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reviewed the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E72E5FE72F3BDFE5A" ID-CoL="4PS8" box="[388,479,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Goerita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E72E5FE72F3BDFE5A" box="[388,479,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Goerita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, established its monophyly, and discussed the phylogenetic relationships among its 3 species. Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E72D5FE1AF07DFE61" ID-CoL="623LN" box="[436,543,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Goeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
construct cases entirely of rock fragments; some genera incorporate larger rock fragments laterally. Most larvae live in cool running waters and are grazers on periphyton.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E765DFDC2F7FEFD8A" ID-CoL="5CCZ" box="[1340,1436,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Lepania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E765DFDC2F7FEFD8A" box="[1340,1436,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Lepania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae are detritivores in spring seepages (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E71E6FDEAF120FDD1" author="Wiggins" box="[647,834,552,578]" pageId="34" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (1973 b) New systematic data for the North American caddisfly genera Lepania, Goeracea and Goerita (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Life Science Contribution, Royal Ontario Museum, 91, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="b">Wiggins 1973b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7037FDEAF69DFDD1" ID-CoL="G9T9" authority="Martynov" authorityName="Martynov" box="[854,1279,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" genus="Archithremma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulachensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E7037FDEAF6E1FDD2" box="[854,1155,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Archithremma ulachensis</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unusual in having a terrestrial pupa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E72A0FD92F15BFDF9" author="Levanidova" box="[449,825,592,618]" pageId="34" pageNumber="691" refString="Levanidova, I. M. & Vshivkova, T. S. (1984) The terrestrial pupa of Architremma [Archithremma] ulachensis Mart. (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae); description and considerations. Aquatic Insects, 6, 65 - 69." type="journal article" year="1984">Levanidova & Vshivkova 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F01FF9E73F6FD5DF185FA81" blockId="34.[151,1437,671,1298]" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E73F6FD5DF37CFD2A" ID-CoL="BN4" box="[151,286,671,697]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E73F6FD5DF37CFD2A" bold="true" box="[151,286,671,697]" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Kokiriidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: McFarlane (1964) erected the plectrotarsid subfamily Kokiriinae when he described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7623FD62F28EFD72" ID-CoL="3RCBP" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" genus="Kokiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miharo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E7623FD62F28EFD72" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Kokiria miharo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E725BFD0AF3BDFD71" box="[314,479,712,738]" name="New Zealand" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E71FCFD0AF14DFD71" author="Ross" box="[669,815,712,738]" pageId="34" pageNumber="694" refString="Ross, H. H. (1967) The evolution and past dispersal of the Trichoptera. Annual Review of Entomology, 12, 169 - 206." type="journal article" year="1967">Ross (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
raised it to family status and included the Chilean species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7394FD32F035FC99" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[245,599,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" genus="Rhynchopsyche" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E7394FD32F396FC9A" box="[245,500,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Rhynchopsyche fusca</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(originally described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E70E3FD32F626FC99" ID-CoL="7CK" box="[898,1092,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Brachycentridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the new family.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E765CFD32F286FCA1" author="Neboiss" pageId="34" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (1974) Additions to the family Kokiriidae (Trichoptera). Victorian Naturalist, 91, 175 - 179." type="journal article" year="1974">Neboiss (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E7204FCDAF03AFCA2" box="[357,600,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7204FCDAF031FCA2" ID-CoL="54PB6" box="[357,595,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" genus="Tanjistomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verna">Tanjistomella verna</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the first record of the family in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E70B2FCDAF620FCA1" box="[979,1090,792,818]" name="Australia" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
; in that work he also referred the New Caledonian genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7281FC82F175FCC9" ID-CoL="5MFL" authority="Kimmins" authorityName="Kimmins" box="[480,791,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" genus="Mecynostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E7281FC82F0C2FCCA" box="[480,672,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Mecynostomella</emphasis>
|
||
Kimmins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(originally placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E777AFC82F685FCC9" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[1051,1255,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7676FC82F7FAFCC9" ID-CoL="BN4" box="[1303,1432,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kokiriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Neboiss later described 2 more Australasian genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E719AFCAAF13FFC12" ID-CoL="7SXB" box="[763,861,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" genus="Taskiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E719AFCAAF13FFC12" box="[763,861,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Taskiria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E70F5FCAAF65FFC12" ID-CoL="7SXC" box="[916,1085,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" genus="Taskiropsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E70F5FCAAF65FFC12" box="[916,1085,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Taskiropsyche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Flint et al. (1999) considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E73F6FC52F3F6FC3A" box="[151,404,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" genus="Rhynchopsyche" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E73F6FC52F3F6FC3A" box="[151,404,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Rhynchopsyche fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E71F7FC52F1D8FC39" ID-CoL="4CCQJ" authority="Navas" authorityName="Navas" box="[662,954,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" genus="Pangullia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faziana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E71F7FC52F10AFC3A" box="[662,872,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Pangullia faziana</emphasis>
|
||
Navás
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(originally described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7781FC52F7F3FC39" ID-CoL="624XF" box="[1248,1425,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnephilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E73F6FC7AF30EFC41" author="Johanson" box="[151,364,952,978]" pageId="34" pageNumber="690" refString="Johanson, K. A. (2003 b) Revision of New Caledonian genus Mecynostomella (Trichoptera, Kokiriidae). Zootaxa, 270, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="b">Johanson (2003b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently revised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7122FC7AF161FC42" ID-CoL="5MFL" box="[579,771,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" genus="Mecynostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E7122FC7AF161FC42" box="[579,771,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Mecynostomella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and nearly doubled the described species diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E73F6FC22F37AFC69" ID-CoL="BN4" box="[151,280,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kokiriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so that it now consists of 15 species described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E70C4FC22F62AFC69" box="[933,1096,992,1018]" name="New Zealand" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E7736FC22F770FC69" box="[1111,1298,992,1018]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E7640FC22F701FC69" box="[1313,1379,992,1018]" name="Chile" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E73F6FBCAF365FBB1" box="[151,263,1032,1058]" name="Australia" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The larvae are predatory, and live in sandy deposits of small streams and lakes. Larval cases are constructed from sand, and are dorsoventrally depressed and flanged around the edge. This family has been considered by various authors to be closely allied with either limnephiloid or leptoceroid families, in the latter case possibly because of the similarity of the larval cases to those of molannids and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7651FB42F325FB51" ID-CoL="3KL8" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Ceraclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E7651FB42F7F9FB0A" box="[1328,1435,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Ceraclea</emphasis>
|
||
(Leptoceridae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the characters proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E702EFB6AF6C7FB51" author="Frania" box="[847,1189,1192,1218]" pageId="34" pageNumber="689" refString="Frania, H. E. & Wiggins, G. B. (1997) Analysis of morphological and behavioural evidence for the phylogeny and higher classification of Trichoptera (Insecta). Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 160, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1997">Frania and Wiggins (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to support a close relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7205FB12F392FB79" ID-CoL="CV9" box="[356,496,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Molannidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Molannidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not held up to re-examination (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E70C3FB12F65DFB79" author="Prather" box="[930,1087,1232,1258]" pageId="34" pageNumber="694" refString="Prather, A. L. (2002) Phylogenetic analysis of Leptoceroidea and Calamoceratidae, and revisions of the Neotropical genera Banyallarga and Phylloicus (Insecta: Trichoptera). Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, 486 pp." type="book" year="2002">Prather 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), nor are they corroborated in recent molecular studies (Holzenthal et al. 2007,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E71B7FB3AF1ECFA81" author="Kjer" box="[726,910,1272,1298]" pageId="34" pageNumber="691" refString="Kjer, K. M., Blahnik, R. J. & Holzenthal, R. W. (2001) Phylogeny of Trichoptera (caddisflies): characterization of signal and noise within multiple datasets. Systematic Biology, 50, 781 - 816." type="journal article" year="2001">Kjer et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2002).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F01FF9E73F6FA85F185F871" blockId="34.[151,1437,1351,2018]" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E73F6FA85F31AFAF2" ID-CoL="BWR" box="[151,376,1351,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E73F6FA85F31AFAF2" bold="true" box="[151,376,1351,1377]" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Lepidostomatidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This family is widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, and extends southward to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E7256FAB2F3F5FA19" box="[311,407,1392,1418]" name="Panama" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E7283FAB2F058FA19" box="[482,570,1392,1418]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Afrotropical region. It was originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E779AFAB2F7FEFA19" author="Ulmer" box="[1275,1436,1392,1418]" pageId="34" pageNumber="695" refString="Ulmer, G. (1903) Ueber die Metamorphose der Trichopteren. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen vereins in Hamburg, 18, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1903">Ulmer (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a subfamily of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E720AFA5AF05BFA21" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[363,569,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is divided into 2 subfamilies. The nominotypical subfamily contains 3 genera and most of the species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E714DFA02F126FA49" ID-CoL="4Z8X" authority="Forsslund" authorityName="Forsslund" box="[556,836,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Brachycentridae" genus="Hummeliella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E714DFA02F0A1FA4A" box="[556,707,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Hummeliella</emphasis>
|
||
Forsslund
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a monotypic genus from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F01FF9E77CBFA02F696FA49" box="[1194,1268,1472,1498]" name="China" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7665FA02F294F991" ID-CoL="5CLD" authority="Rambur" authorityName="Rambur" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" genus="Lepidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E7665FA02F7F9FA4A" box="[1284,1435,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Lepidostoma</emphasis>
|
||
Rambur
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains most of the diversity in the family (ca. 380 species; Afrotropical, Australasian, Palearctic, and Nearctic); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7216F9D2F0FCF9B9" ID-CoL="6G7B" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[375,670,1552,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" genus="Paraphlegopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E7216F9D2F029F9BA" box="[375,587,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Paraphlegopteryx</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ca. 20 species) is widespread in the East Palearctic and Oriental regions. The subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E72A9F9FAF12AF9C1" ID-CoL="KF4" authority="Weaver, 1993" authorityName="Weaver" authorityYear="1993" box="[456,840,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Theliopsychinae">Theliopsychinae Weaver, 1993</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains 4 genera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7731F9FAF703F9C1" ID-CoL="62P3C" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[1104,1377,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" genus="Crunoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E7731F9FAF6AEF9C2" box="[1104,1228,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Crunoecia</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E73F6F9A2F3F0F9E9" ID-CoL="5LNY" authority="Fischer" authorityName="Fischer" box="[151,402,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" genus="Martynomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E73F6F9A2F357F9EA" box="[151,309,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Martynomyia</emphasis>
|
||
Fischer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are West Palearctic genera with only a handful of species each;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E77E3F9A2F70FF9E9" ID-CoL="7VKN" authority="Banks" authorityName="Banks" box="[1154,1389,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" genus="Theliopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E77E3F9A2F77FF9EA" box="[1154,1309,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Theliopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Banks
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Nearctic genus with half a dozen species; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E71D4F94AF1AAF931" ID-CoL="63WZP" authority="Weaver" authorityName="Weaver" box="[693,968,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" genus="Zephyropsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E71D4F94AF104F932" box="[693,870,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Zephyropsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Weaver
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small genus (4 species) from South and Southeast Asia. Larval cases are generally square in cross section and constructed of quadrate leaf or bark pieces. Some species build cylindrical cases of sand grains as early instars and switch to 4-sided cases as they mature; a few retain the sand grain cases throughout larval development. Larvae are generally inhabitants of cool streams and springs, but they may also occur along the shorelines of lakes. They are primarily detritivores.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E724FF892F380F8F9" author="Weaver" box="[302,482,1872,1898]" pageId="34" pageNumber="696" refString="Weaver, J. S., III. (1988) A synopsis of the North American Lepidostomatidae (Trichoptera). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 24, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1988">Weaver (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a synopsis of the North American species and a review of the world species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E7260F8BAF3C9F801" author="Weaver" box="[257,427,1912,1938]" pageId="34" pageNumber="696" refString="Weaver, J. S. (2002) A synonymy of the caddisfly genus Lepidostoma Rambur (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae), including a species checklist. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 145, 173 - 192." type="journal article" year="2002">Weaver 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where he synonymized several genera, formerly separated by secondary sexual characters of the male, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E729CF862F0F6F82A" ID-CoL="5CLD" box="[509,660,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" genus="Lepidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E729CF862F0F6F82A" box="[509,660,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Lepidostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F01FF9E71C8F862F197F829" author="Myers" box="[681,1013,1952,1978]" pageId="34" pageNumber="693" refString="Myers, M. J. & Sperling, F. A. H. (2002) Preliminary evaluation of subgeneric designations within the caddisfly genus Lepidostoma (Rambur) (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae) based on mtDNA sequences. Nova Supplementa Entomologica (Proceedings of the 10 th International Symposium on Trichoptera), 15, 187 - 194." type="journal article" year="2002">Myers and Sperling (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
looked at the relationships of the subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F01FF9E7255F80AF3A9F872" ID-CoL="5CLD" box="[308,459,1992,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" genus="Lepidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F01FF9E7255F80AF3A9F872" box="[308,459,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="673">Lepidostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F00FF9F73F6FF55F7EBFBD9" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,1378]" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F73F6FF55F32FFF22" ID-CoL="624XF" box="[151,333,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F73F6FF55F32FFF22" bold="true" box="[151,333,151,177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Limnephilidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This is the largest family in the Plenitentoria, with approximately 900 described species. At higher latitudes and elevations, it is the dominant group in much of the Northern Hemisphere. The family was first established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F721CFF2AF05AFE91" author="Kolenati" box="[381,568,232,258]" pageId="35" pageNumber="691" refString="Kolenati, F. A. (1848) Genera et species Trichopterorum. Pars prior. Acta Regiae Bohemoslovenicae Societatis Scientiarum, Prague, 6, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1848">Kolenati (1848)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and includes species described by Linnaeus in
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F7707FF2AF74CFE92" box="[1126,1326,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Systema Naturae</emphasis>
|
||
, 10th ed. (Table 1).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F7279FED2F3A9FEB9" author="Schmid" box="[280,459,272,298]" pageId="35" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
resolved the family into its current classification (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B7032A1F00FF9F7750FED2F6F0FEB9" box="[1073,1170,272,298]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="36.[151,231,151,172]" captionText="TABLE 4. The genera of Limnephilidae and their distribution. Adapted from Morse (2006). (Afr = Afrotropical, Au = Australasian, Hol = Holarctic, Na = Nearctic, Neo = Neotropical, Or = Oriental, Pa = Palearctic)." pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
), with refinements by Wiggins and colleagues (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F72ABFEFAF173FEC1" author="Vineyard" box="[458,785,312,338]" pageId="35" pageNumber="696" refString="Vineyard, R. N. & Wiggins, G. B. (1988) Further revision of the caddisfly family Uenoidae (Trichoptera): evidence for inclusion of Neophylacinae and Thremmatidae. Systematic Entomology, 13, 361 - 372." type="journal article" year="1988">Vineyard & Wiggins 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F7043FEFAF1B9FEC1" author="Wiggins" box="[802,987,312,338]" pageId="35" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (1973 a) Contributions to the systematics of the caddisfly family Limnephilidae (Trichoptera). I. Life Science Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 94, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Wiggins 1973a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F708BFEFAF682FEC1" author="Wiggins" box="[1002,1248,312,338]" pageId="35" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B., Weaver, J. S., III & Unzicker, J. D. (1985) Revision of the caddisfly family Uenoidae (Trichoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 117, 763 - 800." type="journal article" year="1985">Wiggins et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The family is divided into 4 subfamilies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F716CFEA2F0A3FEE9" ID-CoL="JFL" box="[525,705,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dicosmoecinae">Dicosmoecinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schmid,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F702DFEA2F1D4FEE9" ID-CoL="JGV" box="[844,950,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Drusinae">Drusinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Banks,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7751FEA2F6B9FEE9" ID-CoL="JTK" box="[1072,1243,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Limnephilinae">Limnephilinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kolenati, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F73F6FE4AF3CAFE31" ID-CoL="628LX" box="[151,424,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudostenophylacinae">Pseudostenophylacinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schmid. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7133FE4AF168FE31" ID-CoL="JFL" box="[594,778,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dicosmoecinae">Dicosmoecinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with fewer than 100 described species, are considered the most primitive of the limnephilid subfamilies, and include the only Southern Hemisphere taxa in the family; of its 19 genera, 7 are endemic to South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F00FF9F7195FE1AF13BFE61" box="[756,857,472,498]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and 1,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F70DAFE1AF68AFE61" ID-CoL="ZX3" authority="Kimmins" authorityName="Kimmins" box="[955,1256,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Archaeophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F70DAFE1AF60EFE62" box="[955,1132,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Archaeophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Kimmins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F00FF9F73F6FDC2F361FD89" box="[151,259,512,538]" name="Australia" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F7279FDC2F3A8FD89" author="Wiggins" box="[280,458,512,538]" pageId="35" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (2002) Biogeography of amphipolar caddisflies in the subfamily Dicosmoecinae (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 49, 227 - 259." type="journal article" year="2002">Wiggins 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F717EFDC2F0EBFD89" ID-CoL="JGV" box="[543,649,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Drusinae">Drusinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are restricted to the Palearctic region. Of the 8 genera in this subfamily, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7234FDEAF079FDD1" ID-CoL="62R9B" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" box="[341,539,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F7234FDEAF3C8FDD2" box="[341,426,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Drusus</emphasis>
|
||
Stephens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains more than half a dozen species; many of these are micro-endemics. Recent molecular studies have questioned the generic classification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7761FD92F608FDF9" ID-CoL="JGV" box="[1024,1130,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Drusinae">Drusinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pauls et al. 2007). The nominotypical subfamily contains over 60 genera, divided into 4 tribes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7774FDBAF6B0FD01" ID-CoL="628BR" box="[1045,1234,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chaetopterygini">Chaetopterygini</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hagen, with 10 genera, are a Palearctic group with about 60 species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F707AFD62F1DEFD29" ID-CoL="KQ6" box="[795,956,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chilostigmini">Chilostigmini</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schmid are a group of 11 small genera, with approximately 40 Old and New World species. The tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F70FAFD0AF656FD71" ID-CoL="KY4" box="[923,1076,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Limnephilini">Limnephilini</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kolenati (21 genera, ca. 300 species) includes most of the lentic genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F71B9FD32F1E5FC99" ID-CoL="624XF" box="[728,903,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnephilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it also includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F772BFD32F74FFC99" ID-CoL="62X6F" authority="Leach" authorityName="Leach" box="[1098,1325,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Limnephilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F772BFD32F6B9FC9A" box="[1098,1243,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Limnephilus</emphasis>
|
||
Leach
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the most species-diverse genus, with nearly 200 described species widely distributed across the Holarctic region and as far south as Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F00FF9F72D5FC82F07FFCC9" box="[436,541,832,858]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
; 2 anomalous genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7035FC82F738FCC9" ID-CoL="7KNC" authority="Wiggins and Winchester" authorityName="Wiggins and Winchester" box="[852,1370,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Sphagnophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F7035FC82F66BFCCA" box="[852,1033,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Sphagnophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Wiggins and Winchester
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F73F6FCAAF3C1FC11" ID-CoL="7VTJ" authority="Nimmo" authorityName="Nimmo" box="[151,419,872,898]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Thermophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F73F6FCAAF322FC12" box="[151,320,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Thermophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Nimmo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been tentatively assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F700FFCAAF668FC11" ID-CoL="KY4" box="[878,1034,872,898]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Limnephilini">Limnephilini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this remains in some dispute (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F73FEFC52F350FC39" author="Morse" box="[159,306,912,938]" pageId="35" pageNumber="693" refString="Morse, J. C. (2006) Trichoptera World Checklist. Available from http: // entweb. clemson. edu / database / trichopt / index. htm (accessed 31 October 2007)." type="journal article" year="2006">Morse 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7218FC52F04BFC39" ID-CoL="L92" box="[377,553,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenophylacini">Stenophylacini</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schmid (ca. 200 species) is primarily Old World in distribution, although 4 of its 23 genera are endemic to North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F00FF9F710BFC7AF0B1FC41" box="[618,723,952,978]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
; 1 genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7029FC7AF60BFC41" ID-CoL="5PW9" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[840,1129,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Mesophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F7029FC7AF1B7FC42" box="[840,981,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Mesophylax</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F00FF9F7665FC7AF705FC41" box="[1284,1383,952,978]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Arabia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F7397FC22F3FCFC69" author="Malicky" box="[246,414,992,1018]" pageId="35" pageNumber="692" refString="Malicky, H. (1998) Revision der Gattung Mesophylax McLachlan (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 48, 115 - 144." type="journal article" year="1998">Malicky 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F72CBFC22F38BFC69" author="Malicky" box="[426,489,992,1018]" pageId="35" pageNumber="692" refString="Malicky, H. (1999) Eine Kocherfliegen-Ausbeute aus dem Jemen (Trichoptera). Esperiana, 7, 343 - 348." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7165FC22F177FC69" ID-CoL="628LX" box="[516,789,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudostenophylacinae">Pseudostenophylacinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small subfamily of 5 genera and about 100 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F73FEFBCAF32CFBB1" author="Schmid" box="[159,334,1032,1058]" pageId="35" pageNumber="695" refString="Schmid, F. (1990) La sous-famille des Pseudostenophylacines (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Bulletin de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, Supplement, 61," type="book chapter" year="1990">Schmid 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with predominantly Oriental and Asian Palearctic distribution; the largest genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F73F6FBF2F396FBD9" ID-CoL="73NB" authority="Martynov" authorityName="Martynov" box="[151,500,1072,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Pseudostenophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F73F6FBF2F31BFBDA" box="[151,377,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Pseudostenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(80 species, primarily Oriental) is represented in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F00FF9F77E4FBF2F688FBD9" box="[1157,1258,1072,1098]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
by 3 species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F00FF9F73A6FB9AF3DCFAF1" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,1378]" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">
|
||
This is arguably the most ecologically diverse caddisfly family, as larvae occupy the full range of habitats. Limnephilid larvae are found in lakes, streams, and marshes. Some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F772CFB42F6A0FB0A" ID-CoL="5539" box="[1101,1218,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ironoquia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F772CFB42F6A0FB0A" box="[1101,1218,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Ironoquia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
live in temporary pools and streams.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7218FB6AF38AFB52" ID-CoL="43P8" box="[377,488,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Desmona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F7218FB6AF38AFB52" box="[377,488,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Desmona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae have been observed leaving the water at night to feed on shoreline plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F73FEFB12F351FB79" author="Erman" box="[159,307,1232,1258]" pageId="35" pageNumber="688" refString="Erman, N. A. (1981) Terrestrial feeding migration and life-history of the stream dwelling caddisfly, Desmona bethula (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 1658 - 1665." type="journal article" year="1981">Erman 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F7221FB12F0EAFB79" author="Wiggins" box="[320,648,1232,1258]" pageId="35" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. & Wisseman, R. W. (1990) Revision of the North American caddisfly genus Desmona (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 83, 155 - 161." type="journal article" year="1990">Wiggins & Wisseman 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and a North American species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7747FB12F68BFB79" ID-CoL="6NFK" authority="Ross" authorityName="Ross" box="[1062,1257,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Philocasca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F7747FB12F6CAFB7A" box="[1062,1192,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Philocasca</emphasis>
|
||
Ross
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an entirely terrestrial larva. Limnephilid larvae use both plant and mineral materials in their cases; the general trend in the family is that larvae in cool running waters use rock material, while those in warmer lentic habitats use plant material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F7267FA8AF3D3FAF1" author="Wiggins" box="[262,433,1352,1378]" pageId="35" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (1996) Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera). University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 457 pp." type="book" year="1996">Wiggins 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F00FF9F73F6FA55F6D8F9E9" blockId="35.[151,1437,1431,1658]" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F73F6FA55F351FA22" ID-CoL="DJB" box="[151,307,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Oeconesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F73F6FA55F351FA22" bold="true" box="[151,307,1431,1457]" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Oeconesidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This is a small family of 6 genera and fewer than 20 described species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F7783FA5AF7FFFA21" author="Tillyard" box="[1250,1437,1432,1458]" pageId="35" pageNumber="695" refString="Tillyard, R. J. (1921) Studies of New Zealand Trichoptera, or caddis-flies: no. 1. Description of a new genus and species belonging to the family Sericostomatidae. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, Wellington, 53, 346 - 350." type="journal article" year="1921">Tillyard (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the family originally as a tribe of Sericostomatinae. The monotypic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F770FFA02F754FA49" ID-CoL="7SWT" authority="Neboiss" authorityName="Neboiss" box="[1134,1334,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Oeconesidae" genus="Tascuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F770FFA02F6B3FA4A" box="[1134,1233,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Tascuna</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in Tasmania. The other genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7175FA2AF140F991" ID-CoL="675L" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[532,802,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Oeconesidae" genus="Oeconesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F7175FA2AF0F1F992" box="[532,659,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Oeconesus</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F70DDFA2AF769F991" ID-CoL="6ZYH" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[956,1291,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Oeconesidae" genus="Pseudoeconesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F70DDFA2AF61EF992" box="[956,1148,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Pseudoeconesus</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(9 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F73F6F9D2F3D5F9B9" ID-CoL="63WXQ" authority="Tillyard" authorityName="Tillyard" box="[151,439,1552,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Oeconesidae" genus="Zelandopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F73F6F9D2F325F9BA" box="[151,327,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Zelandopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Tillyard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2 species) and the monotypic genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F70A7F9D2F6A6F9B9" ID-CoL="63WZS" authority="McFarlane" authorityName="McFarlane" box="[966,1220,1552,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Oeconesidae" genus="Zepsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F70A7F9D2F651F9BA" box="[966,1075,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Zepsyche</emphasis>
|
||
McFarlane
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F00FF9F7672F9D2F37BF9C1" ID-CoL="7SS3" authority="McFarlane" authorityName="McFarlane" class="Insecta" family="Oeconesidae" genus="Tarapsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F00FF9F7672F9D2F7FEF9BA" box="[1299,1436,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">Tarapsyche</emphasis>
|
||
McFarlane
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F00FF9F72B6F9FAF015F9C1" box="[471,631,1592,1618]" name="New Zealand" pageId="35" pageNumber="674">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Larval cases are of plant and rock materials (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F77F5F9FAF755F9C1" author="Cowley" box="[1172,1335,1592,1618]" pageId="35" pageNumber="687" refString="Cowley, D. R. (1978) Studies on the larvae of New Zealand Trichoptera. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 5, 639 - 750." type="journal article" year="1978">Cowley 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larvae feed on plant debris in small forested streams (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F71D8F9A2F139F9E9" author="Cowley" box="[697,859,1632,1658]" pageId="35" pageNumber="687" refString="Cowley, D. R. (1978) Studies on the larvae of New Zealand Trichoptera. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 5, 639 - 750." type="journal article" year="1978">Cowley 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F00FF9F7006F9A2F6CFF9E9" author="Winterbourn" box="[871,1197,1632,1658]" pageId="35" pageNumber="698" refString="Winterbourn, M. J. & Davis, S. F. (1976) Ecological role of Zelandopsyche ingens (Trichoptera: Oeconesidae) in a beech forest system ecosystem. Marine and Freshwater Research, 27, 197 - 215." type="journal article" year="1976">Winterbourn & Davis 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A66191F07FF9873F6FF55F119FF59" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873F6FF55F119FF59" blockId="36.[151,1436,151,202]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873F6FF55F363FF3F" bold="true" box="[151,257,151,172]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
The genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9872C2FF55F04DFF3F" ID-CoL="624XF" box="[419,559,151,172]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnephilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and their distribution. Adapted from Morse (2006). (Afr=Afrotropical, Au=Australasian, Hol=Holarctic, Na=Nearctic, Neo=Neotropical, Or=Oriental, Pa=Palearctic).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873F8FF3AF03EFE83" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[153,604,248,272]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873F8FF3AF03EFE83" bold="true" box="[153,604,248,272]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987274FF3AF03EFE83" ID-CoL="JFL" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[277,604,248,272]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dicosmoecinae">
|
||
Dicosmoecinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF9872A5FF3AF03EFE83" author="Schmid" box="[452,604,248,272]" pageId="36" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FED9F67FFEA1" box="[201,1053,283,306]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FED9F67FFEA1" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1053,283,306]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FED9F397FEA1" authority="Banks, 1943" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1943" box="[201,501,283,306]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Allocosmoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FED9F30BFEA1" box="[201,361,283,306]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Allocosmoecus</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1943
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................... Na
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FEFCF67FFEEB" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FEFCF67FFEC6" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1053,318,341]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FEFCF07FFEC6" ID-CoL="629ZX" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[201,541,318,341]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Amphicosmoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FEFCF3E0FEC6" box="[201,386,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Amphicosmoecus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF9872E8FEFCF07FFEC6" author="Schmid" box="[393,541,318,341]" pageId="36" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................... Na
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FEA3F67FFEEB" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1053,353,376]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FEA3F05AFEEB" ID-CoL="WRX" authority="Schmid, 1957" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1957" box="[201,568,353,376]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Anomalocosmoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FEA3F3FFFEEB" box="[201,413,353,376]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Anomalocosmoecus</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid, 1957
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. Neo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FE46F67FFE08" box="[201,1053,388,411]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FE46F67FFE08" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1053,388,411]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FE46F382FE08" authority="Ulmer, 1907" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1907" box="[201,480,388,411]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Antarctoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FE46F330FE08" box="[201,338,388,411]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Antarctoecia</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer, 1907
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................... Neo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FE65F67FFD90" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FE65F67CFE2E" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,422,446]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FE65F075FE2E" ID-CoL="ZX3" authority="Kimmins, 1953" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1953" box="[201,535,422,446]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Archaeophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FE65F308FE2D" box="[201,362,423,446]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Archaeophylax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF987210FE64F075FE2E" author="Kimmins" box="[369,535,422,445]" pageId="36" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. & Kimmins, D. E. (1953) The Trichoptera of Australia and New Zealand. British Museum (Natural History), London, 550 pp." type="book" year="1953">Kimmins, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................Au
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FE08F67FFE73" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1053,457,481]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FE08F07CFE73" ID-CoL="369J" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[201,542,457,481]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Austrocosmoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FE08F3E1FE72" box="[201,387,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Austrocosmoecus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF9872EBFE0BF07CFE73" author="Schmid" box="[394,542,457,480]" pageId="36" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Neo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FE2EF67FFD90" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1053,492,515]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FE2EF3DCFD90" ID-CoL="3WHQ" authority="Ross, 1950" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1950" box="[201,446,492,515]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Cryptochia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FE2EF323FD90" box="[201,321,492,515]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Cryptochia</emphasis>
|
||
Ross, 1950
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................... Na
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FDCDF67CFDFF" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FDCDF67CFDB5" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,527,550]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FDCDF07EFDB5" authority="McLachlan, 1875" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1875" box="[201,540,527,550]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Dicosmoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FDCDF335FDB5" box="[201,343,527,550]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Dicosmoecus</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan, 1875
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Hol
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FDF0F67CFDDA" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,562,585]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FDF0F044FDDA" authority="Schmid, 1964" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1964" box="[201,550,562,585]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisocosmoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FDF0F3E9FDDA" box="[201,395,562,585]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Ecclisocosmoecus</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid, 1964
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................. Hol
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FD97F67CFDFF" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,597,620]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FD97F3BAFDFF" authority="Banks, 1907" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1907" box="[201,472,597,620]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FD97F329FDFF" box="[201,331,597,620]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Ecclisomyia</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1907
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Hol
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FDBAF67CFD22" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FDBAF67FFD1D" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1053,631,655]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FDBAF0C9FD1D" ID-CoL="4CC9" authority="Wiggins and Richardson, 1989" authorityName="Wiggins and Richardson" authorityYear="1989" box="[201,683,631,655]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Eocosmoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FDBAF338FD1C" box="[201,346,632,655]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Eocosmoecus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF987200FDB5F0C9FD1D" author="Wiggins" box="[353,683,631,654]" pageId="36" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. & Wichard, W. (1989) Phylogeny of pupation in Trichoptera, with proposals on the origin and higher classification of the order. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 8, 260 - 276." type="journal article" year="1989">Wiggins and Richardson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
......................... Na
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FD59F67CFD22" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,666,690]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FD59F384FD22" ID-CoL="4HLN" authority="Banks, 1940" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1940" box="[201,486,666,690]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Evanophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FD59F33BFD21" box="[201,345,667,690]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Evanophanes</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1940
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Or
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FD7FF67CFD47" box="[201,1054,701,724]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FD7FF67CFD47" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,701,724]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FD7FF3DDFD47" authority="Banks, 1916" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1916" box="[201,447,701,724]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ironoquia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FD7FF356FD47" box="[201,308,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Ironoquia</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1916
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.......................................... Hol
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FD22F67CFCAF" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FD22F67FFD64" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1053,736,759]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FD22F06CFD64" ID-CoL="5Q89" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[201,526,736,759]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Metacosmoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FD22F311FD64" box="[201,371,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Metacosmoecus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF98721BFD22F06CFD64" author="Schmid" box="[378,526,736,759]" pageId="36" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................... Neo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FCC1F67FFC89" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1053,771,794]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FCC1F06AFC89" ID-CoL="63DC6" authority="Ulmer, 1906" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1906" box="[201,520,771,794]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Monocosmoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FCC1F318FC89" box="[201,378,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Monocosmoecus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF9872E3FCC1F06AFC89" author="Ulmer" box="[386,520,771,794]" pageId="36" pageNumber="695" refString="Ulmer, G. (1906) Neuer beitrag zur kenntnis außereuropaischer Trichopteren. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 28, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1906">Ulmer, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................... Neo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FCE4F67CFCAF" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,805,829]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FCE4F381FCAF" ID-CoL="656K" authority="Banks, 1906" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1906" box="[201,483,805,829]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Nothopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FCE4F331FCAE" box="[201,339,806,829]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Nothopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1906
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Pa, Or
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FC8BF06FFC5A" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FC8BF67CFCCC" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,840,864]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FC8BF394FCCC" authority="Banks, 1943" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1943" box="[201,502,840,864]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Onocosmoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FC8BF308FCF3" box="[201,362,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Onocosmoecus</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1943
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Hol
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FCA9F67FFC11" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1053,875,898]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FCA9F072FC11" authority="Schmid, 1964" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1964" box="[201,528,875,898]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Platycosmoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FCA9F317FC11" box="[201,373,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Platycosmoecus</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid, 1964
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................... Neo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FC4CF67FFC36" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1053,910,933]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FC4CF3FDFC36" authority="Navas, 1918" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1918" box="[201,415,910,933]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Verger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FC4CF370FC36" box="[201,274,910,933]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Verger</emphasis>
|
||
Navas, 1918
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................................ Neo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873F8FC73F06FFC5A" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[153,525,945,969]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873F8FC73F06FFC5A" bold="true" box="[153,525,945,969]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987274FC73F06FFC5A" authority="Banks, 1916" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1916" box="[277,525,945,969]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Drusinae">Drusinae Banks, 1916</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FC16F67CFB9D" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FC16F67CFC78" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,980,1003]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FC16F04CFC78" ID-CoL="WSR" authority="Fischer, 1966" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1966" box="[201,558,980,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Anomalopterygella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FC16F3F7FC78" box="[201,405,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Anomalopterygella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF9872FDFC16F04CFC78" author="Fischer" box="[412,558,980,1003]" pageId="36" pageNumber="688" refString="Fischer, F. C. J. (1966) Leptoceridae Pars 2. Trichopterorum Catalogus 7. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam, iii + 163 pp." type="book" year="1966">Fischer, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Pa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FC35F67CFB9D" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,1015,1038]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FC35F06AFB9D" ID-CoL="62PXW" authority="McLachlan, 1867" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1867" box="[201,520,1015,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Cryptothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FC35F327FB9D" box="[201,325,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Cryptothrix</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan, 1867
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Pa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FBD8F67CFBA2" box="[201,1054,1050,1073]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FBD8F67CFBA2" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,1050,1073]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FBD8F3A2FBA2" authority="Stephens, 1833" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1833" box="[201,448,1050,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Drusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FBD8F374FBA2" box="[201,278,1050,1073]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Drusus</emphasis>
|
||
Stephens, 1833
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................... Pa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FBFEF67CFB2F" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FBFEF67CFBC0" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,1084,1107]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FBFEF062FBC0" ID-CoL="49DD" authority="Kolenati, 1848" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1848" box="[201,512,1084,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Ecclisopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FBFEF338FBC0" box="[201,346,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Ecclisopteryx</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF987200FBFEF062FBC0" author="Kolenati" box="[353,512,1084,1107]" pageId="36" pageNumber="691" refString="Kolenati, F. A. (1848) Genera et species Trichopterorum. Pars prior. Acta Regiae Bohemoslovenicae Societatis Scientiarum, Prague, 6, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1848">Kolenati, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Pa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FB9DF67CFBE5" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,1119,1142]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FB9DF351FBE5" box="[201,307,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Hadimina</emphasis>
|
||
Sipahiler, 2002......................................... Pa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FB40F67CFB0A" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,1154,1177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FB40F38AFB0A" ID-CoL="5D2G" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[201,488,1154,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Leptodrusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FB40F32EFB0A" box="[201,332,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Leptodrusus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF987235FB40F38AFB0A" author="Schmid" box="[340,488,1154,1177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Pa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FB67F67CFB2F" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,1189,1212]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FB67F394FB2F" ID-CoL="5QGH" authority="McLachlan, 1880" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1880" box="[201,502,1189,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Metanoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FB67F351FB2F" box="[201,307,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Metanoea</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................... Pa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9873A8FB0AF03EFAB6" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FB0AF67CFB4C" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,1054,1224,1247]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF9873A8FB0AF389FB4C" authority="Rambur, 1842" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[201,491,1224,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Monocentra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FB0AF329FB4C" box="[201,331,1224,1247]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Monocentra</emphasis>
|
||
Rambur, 1842
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Pa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873F8FB28F007FA91" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[153,613,1258,1282]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873F8FB28F007FA91" bold="true" box="[153,613,1258,1282]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987274FB28F007FA91" authority="Kolenati, 1848" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1848" box="[277,613,1258,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Limnephilinae">
|
||
Limnephilinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF9872A0FB28F007FA91" author="Kolenati" box="[449,613,1258,1282]" pageId="36" pageNumber="691" refString="Kolenati, F. A. (1848) Genera et species Trichopterorum. Pars prior. Acta Regiae Bohemoslovenicae Societatis Scientiarum, Prague, 6, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1848">Kolenati, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8FACFF03EFAB6" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,604,1293,1317]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8FACFF03EFAB6" bold="true" box="[201,604,1293,1317]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF98726EFACFF03EFAB6" authority="Hagen, 1858" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1858" box="[271,604,1293,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chaetopterygini">Chaetopterygini Hagen, 1858</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F07FF9B7398FAF2F311F8D1" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="678" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF987398FAF2F67CF912" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398FAF2F067FAD4" ID-CoL="WM7" authority="Klapalek, 1907" authorityName="Klapalek" authorityYear="1907" box="[249,517,1328,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Annitella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398FAF2F338FAD4" box="[249,346,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Annitella</emphasis>
|
||
Klapalek, 1907
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398FA91F385FAF9" ID-CoL="3783" authority="Mey, 1979" authorityName="Mey" authorityYear="1979" box="[249,487,1363,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Badukiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398FA91F30EFAF9" box="[249,364,1363,1386]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Badukiella</emphasis>
|
||
Mey, 1979
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398FAB4F05CFA1E" ID-CoL="3LQM" authority="Martynov, 1913" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1913" box="[249,574,1398,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Chaetopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398FAB4F3EEFA1E" box="[249,396,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Chaetopterna</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF9872F3FAB4F05CFA1E" author="Martynov" box="[402,574,1398,1421]" pageId="36" pageNumber="692" refString="Martynov, A. V. (1913) Contribution to the knowledge of the Trichopterous fauna of the Caucasus [in Russian]. Arb. Zool. Labor. Warschau [Trav. labr. Zool. Univ. Warsaw], 1912, 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1913">Martynov, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398FA5BF002FA23" ID-CoL="3LQN" authority="Kumanski, 1987" authorityName="Kumanski" authorityYear="1987" box="[249,608,1433,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Chaetopteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398FA5BF3CBFA23" box="[249,425,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Chaetopteroides</emphasis>
|
||
Kumanski, 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398FA7EF023FA40" ID-CoL="3LQR" authority="Stein, 1874" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1874" box="[249,577,1468,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Chaetopterygopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398FA7EF3A3FA40" box="[249,449,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Chaetopterygopsis</emphasis>
|
||
Stein, 1874
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398FA1DF050FA66" ID-CoL="3LQS" authority="Stephens, 1829" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[249,562,1502,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Chaetopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398FA1DF3EAFA65" box="[249,392,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Chaetopteryx</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF9872F1FA1CF050FA66" author="Stephens" box="[400,562,1502,1525]" pageId="36" pageNumber="695" refString="Stephens, J. F. (1829) A Systematic Catalogue of British Insects: Being an Attempt to Arrange all the Hitherto Discovered Indigenous Insects in Accordance with their Natural Affinities. Containing also the References to every English Writer on Entomology, and to the Principal Foreign Authors. With all the Published British Genera to the Present Time. Part 1. Insecta Mandibulata. [Trichoptera pages 316 - 323]. Baldwin and Cradock, London, xxxiv + 416 pp." type="book chapter" year="1829">Stephens, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................. Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398F9C0F3AEF98B" ID-CoL="62VWF" authority="Mey, 1979" authorityName="Mey" authorityYear="1979" box="[249,460,1537,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Kelgena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398F9C0F330F98A" box="[249,338,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Kelgena</emphasis>
|
||
Mey, 1979
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.......................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398F9E6F03BF9A8" ID-CoL="739N" authority="Schmid, 1952" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1952" box="[249,601,1572,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Pseudopsilopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398F9E6F3DCF9A8" box="[249,446,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Pseudopsilopteryx</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid, 1952
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398F985F391F9CD" ID-CoL="63QSS" authority="Stein, 1874" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1874" box="[249,499,1607,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Psilopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398F985F310F9CD" box="[249,370,1607,1630]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Psilopteryx</emphasis>
|
||
Stein, 1874
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398F9A8F063F912" ID-CoL="63S43" authority="Sipahiler, 1986" authorityName="Sipahiler" authorityYear="1986" box="[249,513,1642,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Rizeiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398F9A8F334F912" box="[249,342,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Rizeiella</emphasis>
|
||
Sipahiler, 1986
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Pa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF9873A8F94EF02BF937" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" box="[201,585,1676,1700]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF9873A8F94EF02BF937" bold="true" box="[201,585,1676,1700]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF98726EF94EF02BF937" ID-CoL="KQ6" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[271,585,1676,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chilostigmini">
|
||
Chilostigmini
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF9872D1F94EF02BF937" author="Schmid" box="[432,585,1676,1700]" pageId="36" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF987398F972F67CF804" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398F972F048F955" ID-CoL="3CJ6" authority="Schmid, 1952" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1952" box="[249,554,1711,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Brachypsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398F972F3EDF954" box="[249,399,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Brachypsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid, 1952
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398F911F05CF97A" ID-CoL="3N52" authority="McLachlan, 1876" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1876" box="[249,574,1746,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Chilostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398F911F319F979" box="[249,379,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Chilostigma</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan, 1876
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................ Hol
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398F937F033F89F" ID-CoL="3N53" authority="Martynov, 1914" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1914" box="[249,593,1781,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Chilostigmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398F937F3FDF89F" box="[249,415,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Chilostigmodes</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov, 1914
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................... Hol
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398F8DAF061F8BC" ID-CoL="43P8" authority="Denning, 1954" authorityName="Denning" authorityYear="1954" box="[249,515,1816,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Desmona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398F8DAF33CF8BC" box="[249,350,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Desmona</emphasis>
|
||
Denning, 1954
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398F8F9F009F8C1" ID-CoL="4L48" authority="Betten and Mosely, 1940" authorityName="Betten and Mosely" authorityYear="1940" box="[249,619,1851,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Frenesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398F8F9F33AF8C1" box="[249,344,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Frenesia</emphasis>
|
||
Betten and Mosely, 1940
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.............................. Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398F89CF07EF8E7" ID-CoL="634K2" authority="Banks, 1904" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1904" box="[249,540,1885,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Glyphopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398F89CF3F2F8E6" box="[249,400,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Glyphopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1904
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F07FF987398F843F3AEF804" ID-CoL="4R2Q" authority="Ross, 1944" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1944" box="[249,460,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Grensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF987398F843F32DF80B" box="[249,335,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">Grensia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F07FF987237F842F3AEF804" author="Ross" box="[342,460,1920,1943]" pageId="36" pageNumber="694" refString="Ross, H. H. (1944) The caddisflies or Trichoptera of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 23, 1 - 326." type="journal article" year="1944">Ross, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Hol
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F07FF997649F870F02BFF6B" blockId="36.[153,1421,248,1987]" lastBlockId="37.[201,1421,224,2004]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="676" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">
|
||
......c
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F07FF98762DF871F7EFF850" box="[1356,1421,1971,1987]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="675">ontinued</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF9973A8FF22F02BFF6B" bold="true" box="[201,585,224,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF99726EFF22F02BFF6B" ID-CoL="KQ6" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[271,585,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chilostigmini">
|
||
Chilostigmini
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972D1FF22F02BFF6B" author="Schmid" box="[432,585,224,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A66191F06FF9973F8FF65F30DFF2F" box="[153,367,167,188]" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F06FF9973F8FF65F30DFF2F" blockId="37.[153,367,167,188]" box="[153,367,167,188]" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF9973F8FF65F299FF2F" bold="true" box="[153,251,167,188]" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">TABLE 4</emphasis>
|
||
(continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F06FF997398FEC1F643FE10" blockId="37.[201,1421,224,2004]" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FEC1F06FFE89" ID-CoL="6378X" authority="Banks, 1900" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1900" box="[249,525,259,282]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Homophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FEC1F3E3FE89" box="[249,385,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Homophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1900
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FEE4F39CFEAE" ID-CoL="6MTQ" authority="Banks, 1943" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1943" box="[249,510,294,317]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Phanocelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FEE4F310FEAE" box="[249,370,294,317]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Phanocelia</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1943
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FE8BF3AAFEF3" ID-CoL="63MCV" authority="Navas, 1935" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1935" box="[249,456,329,352]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Pielus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FE8BF35EFEF3" box="[249,316,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Pielus</emphasis>
|
||
Navás, 1935
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.......................................... Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FEAEF069FE10" ID-CoL="63QSG" authority="Ross, 1944" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1944" box="[249,523,364,387]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Psychoglypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FEAEF3ECFE10" box="[249,398,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Psychoglypha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972F4FEAEF069FE10" author="Ross" box="[405,523,364,387]" pageId="37" pageNumber="694" refString="Ross, H. H. (1944) The caddisflies or Trichoptera of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 23, 1 - 326." type="journal article" year="1944">Ross, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Na
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F06FF9973A8FE4CF02CFE35" blockId="37.[201,1421,224,2004]" box="[201,590,398,422]" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF9973A8FE4CF02CFE35" bold="true" box="[201,590,398,422]" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF99726EFE4CF02CFE35" ID-CoL="KY4" authority="Kolenati, 1848" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1848" box="[271,590,398,422]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Limnephilini">
|
||
Limnephilini
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972CBFE4CF02CFE35" author="Kolenati" box="[426,590,398,422]" pageId="37" pageNumber="691" refString="Kolenati, F. A. (1848) Genera et species Trichopterorum. Pars prior. Acta Regiae Bohemoslovenicae Societatis Scientiarum, Prague, 6, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1848">Kolenati, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F06FF997398FE70F640FB14" blockId="37.[201,1421,224,2004]" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FE70F066FE5B" ID-CoL="62C83" authority="Stephens, 1837" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1837" box="[249,516,433,457]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Anabolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FE70F339FE5A" box="[249,347,434,457]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Anabolia</emphasis>
|
||
Stephens, 1837
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. Hol, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FE16F077FE78" ID-CoL="32DH" authority="Thomson, 1891" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1891" box="[249,533,468,491]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Arctopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FE16F304FE78" box="[249,358,468,491]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Arctopora</emphasis>
|
||
Thomson, 1891
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Hol
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FE35F05AFD9D" ID-CoL="34S6" authority="McLachlan, 1880" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1880" box="[249,568,503,526]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Asynarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FE35F317FD9D" box="[249,373,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Asynarchus</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.............................. Hol, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FDD8F39CFDA2" ID-CoL="3R49" authority="Banks, 1916" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1916" box="[249,510,538,561]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Clistoronia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FDD8F310FDA2" box="[249,370,538,561]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Clistoronia</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1916
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.......................... Na, Neo (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF9970A7FDD8F679FDA2" ID-CoL="7X87C" box="[966,1051,538,561]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexico">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F06FF9970A7FDD8F679FDA2" box="[966,1051,538,561]" name="Mexico" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FDFFF0CCFDC0" authority="Ruiter and Nishimoto 2007" authorityName="Ruiter and Nishimoto" authorityYear="2007" box="[249,686,572,596]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Crenophylax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FDFFF3E1FDC7" box="[249,387,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Crenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Ruiter and Nishimoto 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
......................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FDA2F05AFDE5" ID-CoL="62SJ4" authority="Stephens, 1833" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1833" box="[249,568,607,631]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Glyphotaelius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FDA2F3EDFDE4" box="[249,399,608,631]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Glyphotaelius</emphasis>
|
||
Stephens, 1833
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FD41F024FD0A" ID-CoL="4QQ6" authority="Kolenati, 1848" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1848" box="[249,582,642,666]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Grammotaulius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FD41F3C2FD09" box="[249,416,643,666]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Grammotaulius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972C6FD40F024FD0A" author="Kolenati" box="[423,582,642,665]" pageId="37" pageNumber="691" refString="Kolenati, F. A. (1848) Genera et species Trichopterorum. Pars prior. Acta Regiae Bohemoslovenicae Societatis Scientiarum, Prague, 6, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1848">Kolenati, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................. Hol, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FD67F064FD2F" ID-CoL="4SP9" authority="Banks, 1907" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1907" box="[249,518,677,700]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Halesochila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FD67F318FD2F" box="[249,378,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Halesochila</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1907
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FD0AF044FD4C" ID-CoL="4W4C" authority="Banks, 1916" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1916" box="[249,550,712,735]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Hesperophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FD0AF3F8FD4C" box="[249,410,712,735]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Hesperophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1916
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FD29F07EFC91" ID-CoL="62WWL" authority="Martynov, 1914" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1914" box="[249,540,747,770]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Lenarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FD29F30BFC91" box="[249,361,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Lenarchus</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov, 1914
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................. Hol
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FCCCF07BFCB7" ID-CoL="5CNR" authority="Wiggins, 1987" authorityName="Wiggins" authorityYear="1987" box="[249,537,781,805]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Lepnevaina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FCCCF317FCB6" box="[249,373,782,805]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Lepnevaina</emphasis>
|
||
Wiggins, 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FCF3F06BFCD4" ID-CoL="5D9G" authority="Banks, 1900" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1900" box="[249,521,816,840]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Leptophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FCF3F31FFCDB" box="[249,381,817,840]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Leptophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1900
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FC91F065FCF9" ID-CoL="62X6F" authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[249,519,851,874]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Limnephilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FC91F31FFCF9" box="[249,381,851,874]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Limnephilus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972E5FC91F065FCF9" author="Leach" box="[388,519,851,874]" pageId="37" pageNumber="691" refString="Leach, W. E. (1815) Entomology. Brewster's Edinburg Encyclopedia, 9, 52 - 172." type="journal article" year="1815">Leach, 1815</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................. Hol, Neo, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FCB4F06EFC1E" ID-CoL="63DNR" authority="Banks, 1906" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1906" box="[249,524,886,909]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Nemotaulius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FCB4F3E2FC1E" box="[249,384,886,909]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Nemotaulius</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1906
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. Hol, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FC5BF049FC23" ID-CoL="6NBW" authority="McLachlan, 1880" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1880" box="[249,555,921,944]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Philarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FC5BF30AFC23" box="[249,360,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Philarctus</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.............................. Hol, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FC7EF04AFC40" ID-CoL="6RPK" authority="Ulmer, 1905" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1905" box="[249,552,956,979]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Platycentropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FC7EF3F8FC40" box="[249,410,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Platycentropus</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FC1DF06EFC65" ID-CoL="74FZ" authority="Banks, 1916" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1916" box="[249,524,991,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Psychoronia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FC1DF3E2FC65" box="[249,384,991,1014]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Psychoronia</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1916
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FBC4F035FB8E" ID-CoL="787W" authority="Wallengren, 1891" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1891" box="[249,599,1030,1053]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Rhadicoleptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FBC4F3F3FB8E" box="[249,401,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Rhadicoleptus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972F8FBC4F035FB8E" author="Wallengren" box="[409,599,1030,1053]" pageId="37" pageNumber="696" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1891) Skandinaviens Neuroptera. Andra afdelningen. Svenska Akademien Handlingar, 24, 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1891">Wallengren, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FBE9F037FBD2" authority="Nishimoto, Nozaki" authorityName="Nishimoto, Nozaki" box="[249,597,1066,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Rivulophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FBE9F3E2FBD1" box="[249,384,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Rivulophilus</emphasis>
|
||
Nishimoto, Nozaki
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Ruiter, 2001.................. Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FB8FF08CFBF7" ID-CoL="7KNC" authority="Wiggins and Winchester, 1984" authorityName="Wiggins and Winchester" authorityYear="1984" box="[249,750,1101,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Sphagnophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FB8FF3FFFBF7" box="[249,413,1101,1124]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Sphagnophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Wiggins and Winchester, 1984
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FBB2F04CFB14" ID-CoL="7VTJ" authority="Nimmo, 1995" authorityName="Nimmo" authorityYear="1995" box="[249,558,1136,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Thermophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FBB2F3F1FB14" box="[249,403,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Thermophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Nimmo, 1995
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................. Pa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F06FF9973A8FB50F035FB39" blockId="37.[201,1421,224,2004]" box="[201,599,1170,1194]" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF9973A8FB50F035FB39" bold="true" box="[201,599,1170,1194]" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF99726EFB50F035FB39" ID-CoL="L92" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[271,599,1170,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenophylacini">
|
||
Stenophylacini
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972DEFB50F035FB39" author="Schmid" box="[447,599,1170,1194]" pageId="37" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F06FF997398FB74F643F83B" blockId="37.[201,1421,224,2004]" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FB74F064FB5F" ID-CoL="NGK" authority="Brauer, 1867" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1867" box="[249,518,1205,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Acrophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FB74F316FB5E" box="[249,372,1206,1229]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Acrophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Brauer, 1867
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FB1BF064FB7C" ID-CoL="SC3" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[249,518,1240,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Allogamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FB1BF309FB63" box="[249,363,1241,1264]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Allogamus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF997213FB1AF064FB7C" author="Schmid" box="[370,518,1240,1263]" pageId="37" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FB39F025FA81" ID-CoL="WDR" authority="Martynov, 1924" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1924" box="[249,583,1275,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Anisogamodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FB39F3F6FA81" box="[249,404,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Anisogamodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972FDFB39F025FA81" author="Martynov" box="[412,583,1275,1298]" pageId="37" pageNumber="692" refString="Martynov, A. V. (1924) Rucheiniki (caddisflies [Trichptera]) [in Russian]. In: Bogdanova-Kat'kova, N. N. (Ed.) Prakticheskaya entomologiya, Volume 5, Leningrad, pp. iv + 384." type="book chapter" year="1924">Martynov, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................ Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FADCF034FAA6" ID-CoL="WDS" authority="R McLachlan, 1874" authorityName="R McLachlan" authorityYear="1874" box="[249,598,1310,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Anisogamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FADCF319FAA6" box="[249,379,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Anisogamus</emphasis>
|
||
R
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972FAFADCF034FAA6" author="McLachlan" box="[411,598,1310,1333]" pageId="37" pageNumber="692" refString="McLachlan, R. (1874) A monographic revision and synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European fauna. Part 1. Napier Printers, London, 46 pp." type="book" year="1874">McLachlan, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FA83F048FACB" ID-CoL="3N9Q" authority="Schmid, 1951" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1951" box="[249,554,1345,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Chionophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FA83F3ECFACB" box="[249,398,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Chionophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid, 1951
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................. Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FAA6F383FAE8" ID-CoL="3PQH" authority="Ross, 1944" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1944" box="[249,481,1380,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Chyranda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FAA6F306FAE8" box="[249,356,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Chyranda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF99720AFAA6F383FAE8" author="Ross" box="[363,481,1380,1403]" pageId="37" pageNumber="694" refString="Ross, H. H. (1944) The caddisflies or Trichoptera of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 23, 1 - 326." type="journal article" year="1944">Ross, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
........................................ Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FA45F38DFA0D" ID-CoL="3R7S" authority="Banks, 1943" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1943" box="[249,495,1415,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Clostoeca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FA45F306FA0D" box="[249,356,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Clostoeca</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1943
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FA68F055FA53" ID-CoL="62MXG" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[249,567,1449,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Consorophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FA68F3FEFA52" box="[249,412,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Consorophylax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972C2FA6BF055FA53" author="Schmid" box="[419,567,1449,1472]" pageId="37" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FA0EF395FA70" ID-CoL="4BYC" authority="Rambur, 1842" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[249,503,1484,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Enoicyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FA0EF33AFA70" box="[249,344,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Enoicyla</emphasis>
|
||
Rambur, 1842
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398FA2DF06FF995" ID-CoL="4BYD" authority="Navas, 1917" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1917" box="[249,525,1519,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Enoicylopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398FA2DF3E3F995" box="[249,385,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Enoicylopsis</emphasis>
|
||
Navás, 1917
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F9D0F39BF9BA" ID-CoL="62TPW" authority="Stephens, 1836" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" box="[249,505,1554,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Halesus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F9D0F32DF9BA" box="[249,335,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Halesus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF997237F9D0F39BF9BA" author="Stephens" box="[342,505,1554,1577]" pageId="37" pageNumber="695" refString="Stephens, J. F. (1836) Illustrations of British Entomology; or a Synopsis of Indigenous Insects: Containing their Generic and Specific Distinctions; with an Account of their Metamorphoses, Times of Appearance, Localities, Food, and Economy, as far as Practicable. Mandibulata. Vol. VI. [Trichoptera, pages 146 - 208]. Baldwin and Cradock, London, 240 pp." type="book chapter" year="1836">Stephens, 1836</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Hol
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F9F7F036F9DF" ID-CoL="4ZNB" authority="Wallengren, 1891" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1891" box="[249,596,1589,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Hydatophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F9F7F3ECF9DF" box="[249,398,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Hydatophylax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972F4F9F7F036F9DF" author="Wallengren" box="[405,596,1589,1612]" pageId="37" pageNumber="696" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1891) Skandinaviens Neuroptera. Andra afdelningen. Svenska Akademien Handlingar, 24, 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1891">Wallengren, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.............................. Hol
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F99AF398F9FC" ID-CoL="55GL" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[249,506,1624,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Isogamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F99AF33DF9FC" box="[249,351,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Isogamus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF997207F99AF398F9FC" author="Schmid" box="[358,506,1624,1647]" pageId="37" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F9B9F07BF901" ID-CoL="5DFH" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[249,537,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Leptotaulius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F9B9F31CF901" box="[249,382,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Leptotaulius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972E4F9B9F07BF901" author="Schmid" box="[389,537,1659,1682]" pageId="37" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F95FF022F927" ID-CoL="5NBQ" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[249,576,1693,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Melampophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F95FF3C7F927" box="[249,421,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Melampophylax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972CDF95FF022F927" author="Schmid" box="[428,576,1693,1716]" pageId="37" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F902F05FF944" ID-CoL="5PW9" authority="McLachlan, 1882" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1882" box="[249,573,1728,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Mesophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F902F318F944" box="[249,378,1728,1751]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Mesophylax</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan, 1882
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.............................. Pa, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F921F047F969" ID-CoL="6DYY" authority="Thomson, 1891" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1891" box="[249,549,1763,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Parachiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F921F315F969" box="[249,375,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Parachiona</emphasis>
|
||
Thomson, 1891
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F8C4F38EF88E" ID-CoL="6NFK" authority="Ross, 1941" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1941" box="[249,492,1798,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Philocasca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F8C4F30DF88E" box="[249,367,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Philocasca</emphasis>
|
||
Ross, 1941
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
....................................... Na
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F8EBF059F8D3" ID-CoL="6RZ4" authority="McLachlan, 1871" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1871" box="[249,571,1833,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Platyphylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F8EBF31AF8D3" box="[249,376,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Platyphylax</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan, 1871
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................. Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F88EF03BF8F0" ID-CoL="6V6S" authority="Wallengren, 1891" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1891" box="[249,601,1868,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Potamophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F88EF3F1F8F0" box="[249,403,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Potamophylax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F06FF9972FBF88EF03BF8F0" author="Wallengren" box="[410,601,1868,1891]" pageId="37" pageNumber="696" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1891) Skandinaviens Neuroptera. Andra afdelningen. Svenska Akademien Handlingar, 24, 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1891">Wallengren, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................... Pa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F8ADF04AF816" ID-CoL="64355" authority="Martynov, 1915" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1915" box="[249,552,1902,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Psilopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F8ADF317F815" box="[249,373,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Psilopterna</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................ Pa, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F06FF997398F850F072F83B" ID-CoL="75QY" authority="Banks, 1905" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1905" box="[249,528,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Pycnopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF997398F850F3E6F83A" box="[249,388,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">Pycnopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Banks, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.................................... Na
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F06FF9A7649F801F035FF6B" blockId="37.[201,1421,224,2004]" lastBlockId="38.[153,1060,224,491]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="677" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">
|
||
......c
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F06FF99762DF806F7EFF847" box="[1356,1421,1988,2004]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="676">ontinued</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A73A8FF22F035FF6B" bold="true" box="[201,599,224,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">
|
||
Tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A726EFF22F035FF6B" ID-CoL="L92" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[271,599,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenophylacini">
|
||
Stenophylacini
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A72DEFF22F035FF6B" author="Schmid" box="[447,599,224,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A66191F05FF9A73F8FF65F30DFF2F" box="[153,367,167,188]" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F05FF9A73F8FF65F30DFF2F" blockId="38.[153,367,167,188]" box="[153,367,167,188]" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A73F8FF65F299FF2F" bold="true" box="[153,251,167,188]" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">TABLE 4</emphasis>
|
||
(continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F05FF9A7398FEC1F646FE89" blockId="38.[153,1060,224,491]" box="[249,1060,259,282]" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7398FEC1F043FE89" ID-CoL="7MSB" authority="Kolenati, 1848" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1848" box="[249,545,259,282]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Stenophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A7398FEC1F319FE89" box="[249,379,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Stenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A72E3FEC1F043FE89" author="Kolenati" box="[386,545,259,282]" pageId="38" pageNumber="691" refString="Kolenati, F. A. (1848) Genera et species Trichopterorum. Pars prior. Acta Regiae Bohemoslovenicae Societatis Scientiarum, Prague, 6, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1848">Kolenati, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
................................ Pa, Or
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F05FF9A73F8FEE7F0D9FEAE" blockId="38.[153,1060,224,491]" box="[153,699,293,317]" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A73F8FEE7F0D9FEAE" bold="true" box="[153,699,293,317]" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7274FEE7F0D9FEAE" ID-CoL="628LX" authority="Schmid, 1955" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1955" box="[277,699,293,317]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudostenophylacinae">
|
||
Pseudostenophylacinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A7142FEE7F0D9FEAE" author="Schmid" box="[547,699,293,317]" pageId="38" pageNumber="694" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contribution a l'etude des Limnophilidae (Trichoptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28 beiheft, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F05FF9A73A8FE8BF613F982" blockId="38.[153,1060,224,491]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1436,563,1553]" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73A8FE8BF061FEF3" ID-CoL="YQ7" authority="Kimmins, 1950" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1950" box="[201,515,329,352]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Aplatyphylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A73A8FE8BF337FEF3" box="[201,341,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Aplatyphylax</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A723CFE8BF061FEF3" author="Kimmins" box="[349,515,329,352]" pageId="38" pageNumber="690" refString="Kimmins, D. E. (1950) Indian caddis flies (Trichoptera) I. New species of the genus Limnocentropus Ulmer. Annals & Magazine of Natural History, 12, 590 - 603." type="journal article" year="1950">Kimmins, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73A8FEAEF399FE10" ID-CoL="62DZD" authority="Mosely, 1936" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1936" box="[201,507,364,387]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Astenophylina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A73A8FEAEF303FE10" box="[201,353,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Astenophylina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A7208FEAEF399FE10" author="Mosely" box="[361,507,364,387]" pageId="38" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1936) Tasmanian Trichoptera or caddis-flies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1936, 395 - 424." type="proceedings paper" year="1936">Mosely, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...................................... Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73A8FE4DF382FE36" ID-CoL="34K8" authority="Mosely, 1936" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1936" box="[201,480,398,422]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Astratodina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A73A8FE4DF325FE35" box="[201,327,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Astratodina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A722FFE4CF382FE36" author="Mosely" box="[334,480,398,421]" pageId="38" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1936) Tasmanian Trichoptera or caddis-flies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1936, 395 - 424." type="proceedings paper" year="1936">Mosely, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Pa, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73A8FE70F387FE5B" ID-CoL="63MMG" authority="Mosely, 1935" authorityName="Mosely" authorityYear="1935" box="[201,485,433,457]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Phylostenax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A73A8FE70F329FE5A" box="[201,331,434,457]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Phylostenax</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely, 1935
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
..................................... Pa, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73A8FE16F02BFE78" ID-CoL="73NB" authority="Martynov, 1909" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1909" box="[201,585,468,491]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Pseudostenophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A73A8FE16F3F5FE78" box="[201,407,468,491]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Pseudostenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov, 1909
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
............................ Hol, Or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73F6FDF1F321FDDE" ID-CoL="625ZS" box="[151,323,563,589]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A73F6FDF1F321FDDE" bold="true" box="[151,323,563,589]" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Phryganeidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Linnaeus’s original taxon is now a relatively small family confined to the more northern latitudes.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A7269FD9EF3C7FDE5" author="Leach" box="[264,421,604,630]" pageId="38" pageNumber="691" refString="Leach, W. E. (1815) Entomology. Brewster's Edinburg Encyclopedia, 9, 52 - 172." type="journal article" year="1815">Leach (1815)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
circumscribed the Linnaean genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7020FD9EF1A0FDE6" ID-CoL="63MJF" box="[833,962,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Phryganea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A7020FD9EF1A0FDE6" box="[833,962,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Phryganea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A770DFD9EF687FDE6" ID-CoL="7WDZC" box="[1132,1253,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Phryganea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A770DFD9EF687FDE6" box="[1132,1253,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">P. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and placed the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7382FD46F306FD0E" ID-CoL="63MJF" box="[227,356,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Phryganea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A7382FD46F306FD0E" box="[227,356,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Phryganea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the tribe Phryganides with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A71A8FD46F138FD0E" ID-CoL="62X6F" box="[713,858,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" genus="Limnephilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A71A8FD46F138FD0E" box="[713,858,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Limnephilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A700BFD46F623FD0D" author="Burmeister" box="[874,1089,644,670]" pageId="38" pageNumber="687" refString="Burmeister, H. (1839) Handbuch der Entomologie, Zweiter Band, Zweite Ubtheilung. Theod. Chr. Friedr. Enslin, Berlin, xii + 397 - 1050 pp." type="book chapter" year="1839">Burmeister (1839)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was the first to use the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73F6FD6EF358FD55" ID-CoL="625ZS" box="[151,314,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phryganeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as a subfamily of Phryganeodea; Burmeister’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A700CFD6EF66EFD55" ID-CoL="625ZS" box="[877,1036,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phryganeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
included species currently placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73D5FD15F31CFD62" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[180,382,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A72D6FD15F004FD62" ID-CoL="624XF" box="[439,614,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnephilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. By the late 19th century, most workers recognized a unit similar to the modern concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7219FD3DF079FC8A" ID-CoL="625ZS" box="[376,539,767,793]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phryganeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A7144FD3DF0BCFC8A" author="Wiggins" box="[549,734,767,793]" pageId="38" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (1998) The caddisfly family Phryganeidae (Trichoptera). University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1998">Wiggins (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published a landmark treatise on the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A77F1FD3DF751FC8A" ID-CoL="625ZS" box="[1168,1331,767,793]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phryganeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only full-length book devoted to an entire family of caddisflies, which serves as the definitive reference. The family currently contains some 80 extant species in 15 genera. One genus, the monotypic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A77D6FC8DF735FCFA" ID-CoL="89Z5" authority="Milne" authorityName="Milne" box="[1207,1367,847,873]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Yphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A77D6FC8DF765FCFB" box="[1207,1287,847,872]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Yphria</emphasis>
|
||
Milne
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Sierra Nevada of California and southern Oregon, is assigned to its own subfamily,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A77CDFCB5F747FC02" ID-CoL="KJ9" box="[1196,1317,887,913]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Yphriinae">Yphriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All other genera are in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A725FFC5DF383FC2A" ID-CoL="K5D" box="[318,481,927,953]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phryganeinae">Phryganeinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The nominotypical genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7048FC5DF1C8FC2B" ID-CoL="63MJF" box="[809,938,927,952]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Phryganea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A7048FC5DF1C8FC2B" box="[809,938,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Phryganea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as currently recognized, contains only a handful of species from Asia, Europe, and North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F05FF9A7195FC05F13FFC72" box="[756,861,967,993]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The largest genera (neither with more than 20 described species) are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A72D3FC2DF01AFB9A" ID-CoL="R2Q" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[434,632,1007,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Agrypnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A72D3FC2DF07DFB9B" box="[434,543,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Agrypnia</emphasis>
|
||
Curtis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, found across the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F05FF9A73F6FBD5F29DFBA2" box="[151,255,1047,1073]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7221FBD5F02AFBA2" ID-CoL="62RK5" authority="Martynov" authorityName="Martynov" box="[320,584,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Eubasilissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A7221FBD5F3A5FBA3" box="[320,455,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Eubasilissa</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is entirely Asian. Species in the latter genus include the largest extant caddisflies. Most genera contain only a handful of species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A70C2FBFDF774FBCA" ID-CoL="37VF" authority="Martynov (Nearctic)" authorityName="Martynov (Nearctic" box="[931,1302,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Banksiola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A70C2FBFDF67AFBCB" box="[931,1048,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Banksiola</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov (Nearctic)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7643FBFDF3FEFB12" ID-CoL="4SJX" authority="Martynov (Holarctic)" authorityName="Martynov (Holarctic" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Hagenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A7643FBFDF7FEFBCB" box="[1314,1436,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Hagenella</emphasis>
|
||
Martynov (Holarctic)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A72CCFBA5F01CFB12" ID-CoL="63RD" authority="Navas" authorityName="Navas" box="[429,638,1127,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Neurocyta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A72CCFBA5F045FB13" box="[429,551,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Neurocyta</emphasis>
|
||
Navás
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mountains of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F05FF9A70D4FBA5F193FB12" box="[949,1009,1127,1153]" name="India" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and bordering countries),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7620FBA5F3F4FB3A" ID-CoL="7FCG" authority="Fabricius (Palearctic)" authorityName="Fabricius (Palearctic" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Semblis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A7620FBA5F7FEFB13" box="[1345,1436,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Semblis</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius (Palearctic)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A72C3FB4DF0F3FB3A" ID-CoL="67RP" authority="Rambur" authorityName="Rambur" box="[418,657,1167,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Oligotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A72C3FB4DF049FB3B" box="[418,555,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Oligotricha</emphasis>
|
||
Rambur
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Palearctic, with 1 species extending into Alaska and the Yukon). Four genera are monotypic:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7280FB75F1E0FB42" ID-CoL="R2P" authority="McLachlan (Palearctic)" authorityName="McLachlan (Palearctic" box="[481,898,1207,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Agrypnetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A7280FB75F007FB43" box="[481,613,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Agrypnetes</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan (Palearctic)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A70ECFB75F690FB42" ID-CoL="39KX" authority="Wiggins (Nearctic)" authorityName="Wiggins (Nearctic" box="[909,1266,1207,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Beothukus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A70ECFB75F665FB43" box="[909,1031,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Beothukus</emphasis>
|
||
Wiggins (Nearctic)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A779FFB75F373FB6A" ID-CoL="4J69" authority="Milne (Nearctic)" authorityName="Milne (Nearctic" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Fabria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A779FFB75F72DFB43" box="[1278,1359,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Fabria</emphasis>
|
||
Milne (Nearctic)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7234FB1DF03BFB6A" ID-CoL="7ZNP" authority="Kolenati" authorityName="Kolenati" box="[341,601,1247,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Trichostegia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A7234FB1DF38BFB6B" box="[341,489,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Trichostegia</emphasis>
|
||
Kolenati
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(northern and central Europe). Except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7736FB1DF6C5FB6B" ID-CoL="89Z5" box="[1111,1191,1247,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Yphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A7736FB1DF6C5FB6B" box="[1111,1191,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Yphria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which incorporates rock fragments into its case, phryganeid larvae construct cases of plant material, cut to size and fastened together in rings or a continuous spiral. Maybe because of their conspicuous size, adults of many phryganeid species have developed chemical and/or mechanical defense systems; many species produce an odiferous fluid from the anal opening when handled, and - uniquely within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A70BBFABDF601FA0A" ID-CoL="77f81588-9b0d-4ab2-b82e-7265a66ef220" box="[986,1123,1407,1433]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
- at least some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73F6FA65F37CFA53" ID-CoL="62RK5" box="[151,286,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Eubasilissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A73F6FA65F37CFA53" box="[151,286,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Eubasilissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have urticating setae on the thorax and wings. Larvae are generally found among aquatic plants in ponds and marshes; some occur in slow flowing waters, a few are found in temporary pools and deep lake waters. Predation and herbivory are common larval feeding strategies in this family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F05FF9B73F6F984F38EFF49" blockId="38.[151,1437,1606,1993]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="678" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73F6F984F3EFF9F3" ID-CoL="625ZV" box="[151,397,1606,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganopsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A73F6F984F3EFF9F3" bold="true" box="[151,397,1606,1632]" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Phryganopsychidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This family contains a single genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7035F985F6E4F9F2" ID-CoL="6PB6" authority="Wiggins" authorityName="Wiggins" box="[852,1158,1607,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganopsychidae" genus="Phryganopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A7035F985F675F9F3" box="[852,1047,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Phryganopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Wiggins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with only a few Asian species found from the Himalayas to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F05FF9A712EF9ADF0F0F91A" box="[591,658,1647,1673]" name="Japan" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Russian Far East. These species were originally placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73F6F955F355F922" ID-CoL="625ZS" box="[151,311,1687,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phryganeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A720DF955F06FF923" box="[364,525,1687,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganopsychidae" genus="Phryganopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F05FF9A720DF955F06FF923" box="[364,525,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="677">Phryganopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a name preoccupied in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7009F955F199F922" ID-CoL="LP" box="[872,1019,1687,1713]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The larvae, previously unknown, turned out to be very different from phryganeid larvae, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A70FDF97DF63EF94A" author="Wiggins" box="[924,1116,1727,1753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (1959) A new family of Trichoptera from Asia. Canadian Entomologist, 91, 745 - 757." type="journal article" year="1959">Wiggins (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected a new family to accommodate these anomalous species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A71FBF925F1BDF892" author="Wiggins" box="[666,991,1767,1793]" pageId="38" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. & Gall, W. K. (1993) The Asian caddisfly family Phryganopsychidae: phylogenetic novelty or relict? In: Otto, C. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 7 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 149 - 154." type="book chapter" year="1993">Wiggins and Gall (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that the family was a “phylogenetic relict,” which could not be allied with certainty to any of the families of Plenitentoria.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F05FF9A7659F8CDF287F8C2" author="Wiggins" pageId="38" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (2004) Caddisflies: the underwater architects. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 292 pp." type="book" year="2004">Wiggins (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed it in its own superfamily. In the most recent molecular analysis (Holzenthal et al. 2007),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A73F6F89DF31FF8EA" ID-CoL="625ZV" box="[151,381,1887,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganopsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phryganopsychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A71EEF89DF16EF8EA" ID-CoL="BN4" box="[655,780,1887,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kokiriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F05FF9A7030F89DF1AAF8EA" ID-CoL="625MZ" box="[849,968,1887,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Pisuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pisuliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The larval case, constructed of plant debris, is very different from that of other case-makers: it is much longer than the larva and is not rigid, and in some ways bears more resemblance to an annulipalpian tube than an integripalpian case. Before pupation, the larva constructs a rigid case of woody materials (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B71B5FF5AF1E2FF21" author="Wiggins" box="[724,896,152,178]" pageId="39" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (2004) Caddisflies: the underwater architects. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 292 pp." type="book" year="2004">Wiggins 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larvae are detritivores, and live in marginal pools of streams and springs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F04FF9B73F6FECDF65DFE59" blockId="39.[151,1436,271,458]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B73F6FECDF373FEBA" ID-CoL="625MZ" box="[151,273,271,297]" class="Insecta" family="Pisuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B73F6FECDF373FEBA" bold="true" box="[151,273,271,297]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Pisuliidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This small family is found in tropical Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F04FF9B70FEFED2F652FEB9" box="[927,1072,272,298]" name="Madagascar" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B7721FED2F6B6FEB9" author="Ross" box="[1088,1236,272,298]" pageId="39" pageNumber="694" refString="Ross, H. H. (1967) The evolution and past dispersal of the Trichoptera. Annual Review of Entomology, 12, 169 - 206." type="journal article" year="1967">Ross (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was the first to consider this group a family. It contains 2 genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B7073FEFAF1A8FEC1" ID-CoL="6QXN" authority="Marlier" authorityName="Marlier" box="[786,970,312,338]" class="Insecta" family="Pisuliidae" genus="Pisulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B7073FEFAF107FEC2" box="[786,869,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Pisulia</emphasis>
|
||
Marlier
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6 species) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B77FCFEFAF70AFEC1" ID-CoL="63SPZ" authority="Navas" authorityName="Navas" box="[1181,1384,312,338]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" genus="Silvatares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B77FCFEFAF770FEC2" box="[1181,1298,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Silvatares</emphasis>
|
||
Navás
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(10 species); the latter was originally described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B71BFFEA2F1C5FEE9" ID-CoL="622JJ" box="[734,935,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calamoceratidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B70D6FEA2F601FEE9" author="Stoltze" box="[951,1123,352,378]" pageId="39" pageNumber="695" refString="Stoltze, M. (1989) The Afrotropical caddisfly family Pisuliidae. Systematics, zoogeography, and biology (Trichoptera: Pisuliidae). Steenstrupia, 15, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1989">Stoltze (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revised the family in its entirety. Larvae construct cases of leaf and wood pieces.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B70E3FE4AF1B7FE32" ID-CoL="6QXN" box="[898,981,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Pisuliidae" genus="Pisulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B70E3FE4AF1B7FE32" box="[898,981,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Pisulia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae occupy hygropetric habitats;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B73F6FE72F36EFE5A" ID-CoL="63SPZ" box="[151,268,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" genus="Silvatares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B73F6FE72F36EFE5A" box="[151,268,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Silvatares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae are found in small streams. Larvae are detritivorous shredders.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F04FF9B73F6FE3DF1BCFCA1" blockId="39.[151,1437,511,818]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B73F6FE3DF337FD8A" ID-CoL="625RL" box="[151,341,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Plectrotarsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B73F6FE3DF337FD8A" bold="true" box="[151,341,511,537]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Plectrotarsidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This is a very small Australasian family of 3 genera and 5 species. The family was erected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B73DFFDEAF310FDD1" author="Mosely" box="[190,370,552,578]" pageId="39" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. & Kimmins, D. E. (1953) The Trichoptera of Australia and New Zealand. British Museum (Natural History), London, 550 pp." type="book" year="1953">Mosely (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. At one time it included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B71C5FDEAF09CFDD2" ID-CoL="58QV" box="[676,766,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Kokiriidae" genus="Kokiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B71C5FDEAF09CFDD2" box="[676,766,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Kokiria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, now in its own family. The family now consists of 2 monotypic genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B721DFD92F05DFDF9" ID-CoL="62WRH" authority="Neboiss" authorityName="Neboiss" box="[380,575,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Plectrotarsidae" genus="Liapota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B721DFD92F3B5FDFA" box="[380,471,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Liapota</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B711CFD92F1E7FDF9" ID-CoL="5XH4" authority="Neboiss" authorityName="Neboiss" box="[637,901,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Plectrotarsidae" genus="Nanoplectrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B711CFD92F179FDFA" box="[637,795,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Nanoplectrus</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B70A6FD92F6B6FDF9" ID-CoL="6SDB" authority="Kolenati" authorityName="Kolenati" box="[967,1236,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Plectrotarsidae" genus="Plectrotarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B70A6FD92F607FDFA" box="[967,1125,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Plectrotarsus</emphasis>
|
||
Kolenati
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3 species). The phylogenetic position of the family is equivocal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B7062FDBAF67BFD01" author="Gall" box="[771,1049,632,658]" pageId="39" pageNumber="689" refString="Gall, W. K. & Wiggins, G. B. (1999) Evidence bearing on a sister-group relationship between the families Phryganeidae and Plectrotarsidae (Trichoptera). In: Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 9 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, pp. 107 - 116." type="book chapter" year="1999">Gall & Wiggins 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the most recent molecular hypothesis (Holzenthal et al. 2007), it emerged as sister to all other Plenitentoria, but not allied with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B73F6FD0AF355FD71" ID-CoL="625ZS" box="[151,311,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phryganeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B720CFD0AF031FD71" ID-CoL="625ZV" box="[365,595,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganopsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phryganopsychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as indicated in other studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B70BEFD0AF772FD71" author="Frania" box="[991,1296,712,738]" pageId="39" pageNumber="689" refString="Frania, H. E. & Wiggins, G. B. (1997) Analysis of morphological and behavioural evidence for the phylogeny and higher classification of Trichoptera (Insecta). Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 160, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1997">Frania & Wiggins 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B7644FD0AF30BFC99" author="Ivanov" pageId="39" pageNumber="690" refString="Ivanov, V. D. & Sukatcheva, I. D. (2002) Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813. The caddisflies (= Phryganeida Latreille, 1810). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P. & Quicke, D. L. J. (Eds.) History of Insects. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 199 - 222." type="book chapter" year="2002">Ivanov & Sukatcheva 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B7218FD32F04BFC99" author="Wiggins" box="[377,553,752,778]" pageId="39" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (2004) Caddisflies: the underwater architects. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 292 pp." type="book" year="2004">Wiggins 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larval cases are constructed of plant pieces; the larvae are shredding detritivores, found in shallow flowing waters with abundant vegetation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F04FF9B73F6FCA5F66AFBE1" blockId="39.[151,1436,871,1138]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B73F6FCA5F34FFC12" ID-CoL="FTQ" box="[151,301,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Rossianidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B73F6FCA5F34FFC12" bold="true" box="[151,301,871,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Rossianidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This family contains only 2 species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B7071FCAAF614FC11" ID-CoL="3GR5L" authority="Denning" authorityName="Denning" box="[784,1142,872,898]" class="Insecta" family="Rossianidae" genus="Goereilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B7071FCAAF666FC12" box="[784,1028,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Goereilla baumanni</emphasis>
|
||
Denning
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B77DDFCAAF29DFC39" ID-CoL="4TFFC" authority="Denning" authorityName="Denning" class="Insecta" family="Rossianidae" genus="Rossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B77DDFCAAF7F9FC12" box="[1212,1435,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Rossiana montana</emphasis>
|
||
Denning
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described originally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B717AFC52F0E4FC39" ID-CoL="623LN" box="[539,646,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Goeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B71A0FC52F10DFC39" ID-CoL="624XF" box="[705,879,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnephilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B7779FC52F6C3FC39" author="Gall" box="[1048,1185,912,938]" pageId="39" pageNumber="689" refString="Gall, W. K. (1997) Biogeographic and ecologic relationships in the Plenitentoria (Trichoptera). In: Holzenthal, R. W. & Flint, O. S., Jr. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 8 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 109 - 116." type="book chapter" year="1997">Gall (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the family to accommodate these 2 species after his phylogenetic analysis recovered them as a sister clade to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B7790FC7AF7FEFC41" ID-CoL="624XF" box="[1265,1436,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Limnephilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnephilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B73D4FC22F324FC69" ID-CoL="6JH" box="[181,326,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Apataniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B7236FC22F3A8FC69" ID-CoL="HN7" box="[343,458,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Uenoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B7175FC22F17DFC69" ID-CoL="623LN" authority="Gall 1994" authorityName="Gall" authorityYear="1994" box="[532,799,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Goeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Goeridae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B71F4FC22F174FC69" author="Gall" box="[661,790,992,1018]" pageId="39" pageNumber="689" refString="Gall, W. K. (1994) Phylogenetic studies in the Limnephilidae with a revision of the World genera of Goeridae (Trichoptera). Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto, 140 pp." type="book" year="1994">Gall 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both species are known only from western North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F04FF9B73F6FBCAF362FBB1" box="[151,256,1032,1058]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
; neither is commonly collected.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B71E1FBCAF10FFBB2" ID-CoL="3GR5L" box="[640,877,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Rossianidae" genus="Goereilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B71E1FBCAF10FFBB2" box="[640,877,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Goereilla baumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae are found in the organic muck of spring seeps.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B7384FBF2F3DCFBDA" ID-CoL="4TFFC" box="[229,446,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Rossianidae" genus="Rossiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B7384FBF2F3DCFBDA" box="[229,446,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Rossiana montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae occur in stream gravel deposits under moss or in hygropetric habitats. Larvae of both species use rock fragments to construct stout, slightly curved cases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F04FF9B73F6FB65F088F959" blockId="39.[151,1436,1191,1738]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B73F6FB65F36EFB52" ID-CoL="HN7" box="[151,268,1191,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B73F6FB65F36EFB52" bold="true" box="[151,268,1191,1217]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Uenoidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This family is found in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F04FF9B71FEFB6AF165FB51" box="[671,775,1192,1218]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eastern Asia, and southern Europe. It was originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B725AFB12F3B4FB79" author="Iwata" box="[315,470,1232,1258]" pageId="39" pageNumber="690" refString="Iwata, M. (1927) Trichopterous larvae from Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 11, 203 - 233." type="journal article" year="1927">Iwata (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a subfamily of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B71A0FB12F1EDFB79" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[705,911,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The family was revised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B7791FB12F28AFA81" pageId="39" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B., Weaver, J. S., III & Unzicker, J. D. (1985) Revision of the caddisfly family Uenoidae (Trichoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 117, 763 - 800." type="journal article">Wiggins et al. (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; several taxonomic and phylogenetic works were published subsequently (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B7738FB3AF7F5FA81" author="Vineyard" box="[1113,1431,1272,1298]" pageId="39" pageNumber="696" refString="Vineyard, R. N. & Wiggins, G. B. (1987) Seven new species from North America in the caddisfly genus Neophylax (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80, 62 - 73." type="journal article" year="1987">Vineyard & Wiggins 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B73F6FAE2F2B6FAA9" author="Vineyard" box="[151,212,1312,1338]" pageId="39" pageNumber="696" refString="Vineyard, R. N. & Wiggins, G. B. (1988) Further revision of the caddisfly family Uenoidae (Trichoptera): evidence for inclusion of Neophylacinae and Thremmatidae. Systematic Entomology, 13, 361 - 372." type="journal article" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B7380FAE2F3B5FAA9" author="Vineyard" box="[225,471,1312,1338]" pageId="39" pageNumber="696" refString="Vineyard, R. N., Wiggins, G. B., Frania, H. E. & Schefter, P. W. (2005) The caddisfly genus Neophylax (Trichoptera: Uenoidae). Royal Ontario Museum, Contributions in Science, 2, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="2005">Vineyard et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B7285FAE2F161FAA9" author="Wiggins" box="[484,771,1312,1338]" pageId="39" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. & Erman, N. A. (1987) Additions to the systematics and biology of the caddisfly family Uenoidae (Trichoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 119, 867 - 872." type="journal article" year="1987">Wiggins & Erman 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B7070FAE2F63CFAA9" author="Wiggins" box="[785,1118,1312,1338]" pageId="39" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. & Wisseman, R. W. (1992) New North American species in the genera Neothremma and Farula, with hypotheses on phylogeny and biogeography (Trichoptera: Uenoidae). Canadian Entomologist, 124, 1063 - 1074." type="journal article" year="1992">Wiggins & Wisseman 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The 7 genera are divided into 2 subfamilies.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B72EBFA8AF057FAF1" ID-CoL="KFB" box="[394,565,1352,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thremmatinae">Thremmatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Martynov contains the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B70DEFA8AF6ADFAF1" ID-CoL="62BB" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[959,1231,1352,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" genus="Neophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B70DEFA8AF65EFAF2" box="[959,1084,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Neophylax</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ca. 40 species, Holarctic),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B727CFAB2F048FA19" ID-CoL="67QB" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[285,554,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" genus="Oligophlebodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B727CFAB2F3B5FA1A" box="[285,471,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Oligophlebodes</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(7 species, western North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F04FF9B7009FAB2F1B0FA19" box="[872,978,1392,1418]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B7778FAB2F774FA19" ID-CoL="7WB3" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[1049,1302,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" genus="Thremma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B7778FAB2F6EBFA1A" box="[1049,1161,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Thremma</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(7 species, Mediterranean region). The nominotypical subfamily includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B70C7FA5AF626FA21" ID-CoL="84J4" authority="Iwata" authorityName="Iwata" box="[934,1092,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" genus="Uenoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B70C7FA5AF196FA22" box="[934,1012,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Uenoa</emphasis>
|
||
Iwata
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(11 species) and 3 genera endemic to western North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F04FF9B72B7FA02F022FA49" box="[470,576,1472,1498]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B712DFA02F08FFA49" ID-CoL="4JHZ" authority="Milne" authorityName="Milne" box="[588,749,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" genus="Farula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B712DFA02F0FCFA4A" box="[588,670,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Farula</emphasis>
|
||
Milne
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(11 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B70F7FA02F769FA49" ID-CoL="62VL" authority="Dodds and Hisaw" authorityName="Dodds and Hisaw" box="[918,1291,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" genus="Neothremma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B70F7FA02F64FFA4A" box="[918,1069,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Neothremma</emphasis>
|
||
Dodds and Hisaw
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(7 species), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B73A9FA2AF057F991" ID-CoL="7FTZ" authority="Wiggins, Weaver" authorityName="Wiggins, Weaver" box="[200,565,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" genus="Sericostriata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B73A9FA2AF33DF992" box="[200,351,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Sericostriata</emphasis>
|
||
Wiggins, Weaver
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Unzicker (monotypic). Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B709AFA2AF6C4F991" ID-CoL="KFB" box="[1019,1190,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thremmatinae">Thremmatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
construct stout cases of coarse rock particles (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B729FF9D2F019F9BA" ID-CoL="62BB" box="[510,635,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" genus="Neophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B729FF9D2F019F9BA" box="[510,635,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Neophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or fine-grained, flattened, cases resembling the freshwater limpet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B73F6F9FAF296F9C2" ID-CoL="87D9W" box="[151,244,1592,1617]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Ancylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B73F6F9FAF296F9C2" box="[151,244,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Ancylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B7229F9FAF3DAF9C2" ID-CoL="7WB3" box="[328,440,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" genus="Thremma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B7229F9FAF3DAF9C2" box="[328,440,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Thremma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B713BF9FAF0A8F9C1" ID-CoL="KGV" box="[602,714,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Uenoinae">Uenoinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more slender and construct cases of fine sand or silk (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF9B73FEF9A2F3F1F9E9" author="Wiggins" box="[159,403,1632,1658]" pageId="39" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B., Weaver, J. S., III & Unzicker, J. D. (1985) Revision of the caddisfly family Uenoidae (Trichoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 117, 763 - 800." type="journal article" year="1985">Wiggins et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larval diet in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B71E7F9A2F094F9E9" ID-CoL="HN7" box="[646,758,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Uenoidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is diatoms and fine organic particles scraped from rock surfaces. Generally, larvae are found in cool, fast-flowing headwaters; however, in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B7676F94AF7F6F932" ID-CoL="62BB" box="[1303,1428,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" genus="Neophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B7676F94AF7F6F932" box="[1303,1428,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Neophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some species occur in downstream warmer waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F04FF9B73F6F8EAF311F8D1" blockId="39.[151,1437,1832,2018]" box="[151,371,1832,1858]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">INTEGRIPALPIA</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F04FF9B73A6F892F3DBF801" box="[199,441,1872,1938]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F04FF9B73A6F892F3E4F8F9" blockId="39.[151,1437,1832,2018]" box="[199,390,1872,1898]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">BREVITENTORIA</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F04FF9B7396F8BAF3DBF801" blockId="39.[151,1437,1832,2018]" box="[247,441,1912,1938]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">“Leptoceroidea”</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F04FF9773F6F85DF311FC41" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="682" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F04FF9473F6F85DF0C9FDD1" blockId="39.[151,1437,1832,2018]" lastBlockId="40.[151,1436,152,578]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="679" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F04FF9B73F6F85DF336F82A" ID-CoL="6WB" box="[151,340,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Atriplectididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="678" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F04FF9B73F6F85DF336F82A" bold="true" box="[151,340,1951,1977]" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Atriplectididae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The family shows a disjunct Gondwanan distribution with species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F04FF9B77D0F862F77DF829" box="[1201,1311,1952,1978]" name="Australia" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including Tasmania, the Neotropics (northern Andes, southeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F04FF9B7079F80AF106F871" box="[792,868,1992,2018]" name="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F04FF9B70BBF80AF639F871" box="[986,1115,1992,2018]" name="Seychelles" pageId="39" pageNumber="678">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It was erected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F04FF94765FF80AF287FF21" author="Neboiss" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="679" pageId="39" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (1978) Atriplectididae, a new caddisfly family (Trichoptera: Atriplectidae). In: Crichton, M. I. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 2 nd International Symposium on Trichoptera. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, pp. 67 - 73." type="book chapter" year="1978">Neboiss (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to accommodate the Australasian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947192FF5AF628FF21" ID-CoL="JL8K" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[755,1098,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Atriplectididae" genus="Atriplectides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF947192FF5AF180FF22" box="[755,994,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Atriplectides dubius</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9473F6FF02F352FF49" ID-CoL="BX9" box="[151,304,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9472D4FF02F03BFF49" ID-CoL="KGB" box="[437,601,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Triplectidinae">Triplectidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and later transferred to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9470FEFF02F7FAFF49" ID-CoL="DHW" authority="Mosely & Kimmins 1953" authorityName="Mosely & Kimmins" authorityYear="1953" box="[927,1432,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Odontoceridae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF94773AFF02F7EDFF49" author="Mosely" box="[1115,1423,192,218]" pageId="40" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. & Kimmins, D. E. (1953) The Trichoptera of Australia and New Zealand. British Museum (Natural History), London, 550 pp." type="book" year="1953">Mosely & Kimmins 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Upon discovery of the very unusual larval stage, Neboiss established the family and also transferred the monotypic
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0BFF947242FED2F3C2FEB9" box="[291,416,272,298]" name="Seychelles" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947165FED2F1EAFEB9" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[516,904,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Atriplectididae" genus="Hughscottiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auricalla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF947165FED2F148FEBA" box="[516,810,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Hughscottiella auricalla</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9477A3FED2F710FEB9" ID-CoL="DHW" box="[1218,1394,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9473F6FEFAF329FEC1" ID-CoL="6WB" box="[151,331,312,338]" class="Insecta" family="Atriplectididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Atriplectididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF947236FEFAF06FFEC1" author="Neboiss" box="[343,525,312,338]" pageId="40" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (1999) A second species of Atriplectides Mosely from Australia (Trichptera: Atriplectididae). Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 57, 237 - 239." type="journal article" year="1999">Neboiss (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a 2nd Australasian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9470B6FEFAF6BCFEC2" ID-CoL="JL8L" box="[983,1246,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Atriplectididae" genus="Atriplectides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ikmaleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF9470B6FEFAF6BCFEC2" box="[983,1246,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Atriplectides ikmaleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Holzenthal (1997) described a new genus and species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0BFF9471BDFEA2F177FEE9" box="[732,789,352,378]" name="Peru" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947042FEA2F602FEEA" ID-CoL="6S6PR" box="[803,1120,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Atriplectididae" genus="Neoatriplectides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="froehlichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF947042FEA2F602FEEA" box="[803,1120,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Neoatriplectides froehlichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such that the family now contains 4 species. The larval stages of all 3 genera are known (Holzenthal 1997,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF94772AFE4AF685FE31" author="Marlier" box="[1099,1255,392,418]" pageId="40" pageNumber="692" refString="Marlier, G. (1978) Les larves et nymphes des Trichopt _ res des Seychelles. In: Crichton, M. I. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 2 nd International Symposium on Trichoptera. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, pp. 31 - 54." type="book chapter" year="1978">Marlier 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF947792FE4AF7F6FE31" author="Neboiss" box="[1267,1428,392,418]" pageId="40" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (1978) Atriplectididae, a new caddisfly family (Trichoptera: Atriplectidae). In: Crichton, M. I. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 2 nd International Symposium on Trichoptera. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, pp. 67 - 73." type="book chapter" year="1978">Neboiss 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are unique within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9472A9FE72F033FE59" ID-CoL="77f81588-9b0d-4ab2-b82e-7265a66ef220" box="[456,593,432,458]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the head, pro- and mesonota are narrow, elongate, and retractile. Larvae feed as scavengers by cutting a small opening in the body of dead arthropods, thus allowing them to insert their head and anterior thorax to feed on the internal tissues (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF9470D9FDC2F606FD89" author="Malicky" box="[952,1124,512,538]" pageId="40" pageNumber="692" refString="Malicky, H. (1997) What does biologically successful mean? The enigma of Atriplectididae (Insecta: Trichoptera). In: Holzenthal, R. W. & Flint, O. S., Jr. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 8 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 289 - 291." type="book chapter" year="1997">Malicky 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They are found in sandy bottom sediments of small streams and lakes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0BFF9473F6FDB5F1AFFAA9" blockId="40.[151,1437,631,1338]" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9473F6FDB5F30EFD02" ID-CoL="622JJ" box="[151,364,631,657]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF9473F6FDB5F30EFD02" bold="true" box="[151,364,631,657]" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Calamoceratidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The family has long been recognized within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9470B5FDBAF602FD01" ID-CoL="77f81588-9b0d-4ab2-b82e-7265a66ef220" box="[980,1120,632,658]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being first established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF9473F6FD62F359FD29" author="Ulmer" box="[151,315,672,698]" pageId="40" pageNumber="695" refString="Ulmer, G. (1906) Neuer beitrag zur kenntnis außereuropaischer Trichopteren. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 28, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1906">Ulmer (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The nominotypical genus was included in a “section” of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9470BBFD62F611FD29" ID-CoL="BX9" box="[986,1139,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by McLachlan and a few other early workers. The 8 genera are well defined and together comprise about 175 species from around the world.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF94738DFD32F050FC99" ID-CoL="WCF" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[236,562,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" genus="Anisocentropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF94738DFD32F3C0FC9A" box="[236,418,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Anisocentropus</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947110FD32F125FC99" ID-CoL="6PNT" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" box="[625,839,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" genus="Phylloicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF947110FD32F08FFC9A" box="[625,749,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Phylloicus</emphasis>
|
||
Müller
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the largest genera in the family with over 60 species each. The former is widespread in the Paleotropics of Africa, Asia, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0BFF947704FCDAF6B1FCA1" box="[1125,1235,792,818]" name="Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with 1 outlying species in eastern North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0BFF9472A2FC82F04EFCC9" box="[451,556,832,858]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF94715BFC82F0D4FCCA" ID-CoL="6PNT" box="[570,694,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" genus="Phylloicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF94715BFC82F0D4FCCA" box="[570,694,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Phylloicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to the Neotropics, with several species extending their range into the southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0BFF94714DFCAAF008FC11" box="[556,618,872,898]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947119FCAAF13CFC11" ID-CoL="37WD" authority="Navas" authorityName="Navas" box="[632,862,872,898]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" genus="Banyallarga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF947119FCAAF169FC12" box="[632,779,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Banyallarga</emphasis>
|
||
Navás
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is another Neotropical endemic of less than 20 species. The Neotropical fauna was recently revised in its entirety by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF9470A5FC52F605FC39" author="Prather" box="[964,1127,912,938]" pageId="40" pageNumber="694" refString="Prather, A. L. (2003) Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae). Zootaxa, 275, 1 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Prather (2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF947713FC52F6D0FC39" author="Prather" box="[1138,1202,912,938]" pageId="40" pageNumber="694" refString="Prather, A. L. (2004) Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Banyallarga (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae). Zootaxa, 435, 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The other speciesrich genus in the family is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9472AFFC7AF0BCFC41" ID-CoL="4M67" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[462,734,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" genus="Ganonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF9472AFFC7AF02DFC42" box="[462,591,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Ganonema</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with about 20 species in the Oriental and eastern Palearctic regions. Smaller genera, with no more than 2 or 3 species each, include:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF94776CFC22F7F5FC69" ID-CoL="33M2" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[1037,1431,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" genus="Ascalaphomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF94776CFC22F6B2FC6A" box="[1037,1232,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Ascalaphomerus</emphasis>
|
||
Walker (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0BFF947622FC22F7ECFC69" box="[1347,1422,992,1018]" name="China" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9473F6FBCAF39CFBB1" ID-CoL="62J53" authority="Brauer" authorityName="Brauer" box="[151,510,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" genus="Calamoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF9473F6FBCAF356FBB2" box="[151,308,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Calamoceras</emphasis>
|
||
Brauer (Europe)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF94716BFBCAF0BDFBB1" ID-CoL="4N24" authority="Fischer" authorityName="Fischer" box="[522,735,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" genus="Georgium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF94716BFBCAF0E3FBB2" box="[522,641,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Georgium</emphasis>
|
||
Fischer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0BFF94718EFBCAF154FBB1" box="[751,822,1032,1058]" name="Japan" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0BFF947022FBCAF1D2FBB1" box="[835,944,1032,1058]" name="Thailand" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947096FBCAF755FBB1" ID-CoL="62V4W" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[1015,1335,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" genus="Heteroplectron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF947096FBCAF6C8FBB2" box="[1015,1194,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Heteroplectron</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(eastern and western North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0BFF94721FFBF2F384FBD9" box="[382,486,1072,1098]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0BFF947295FBF2F05EFBD9" box="[500,572,1072,1098]" name="Japan" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Larvae of the family are well known for their flattened cases made of large pieces of excised leaves that completely camouflage the larva from above. Others build tubular cases of sand grains or hollow a twig to use as a case. The larvae inhabit the slower, depositional areas of small streams and rivers where they feed as shredders of leaf litter and other plant detritus. Larvae of a Brazilian species inhabit the “tanks” of water trapped by the leaf axils of bromeliads. Adults of many species have very brightly colored and patterned wings imparted by thickened hairs or scales. Many are more active during the day than most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947222FAE2F3ADFAA9" ID-CoL="77f81588-9b0d-4ab2-b82e-7265a66ef220" box="[323,463,1312,1338]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as they engage in diurnal mating behavior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0BFF9573F6FAADF610F8F9" blockId="40.[151,1437,1391,2018]" lastBlockId="41.[151,1437,152,1898]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="680" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9473F6FAADF359FA1A" ID-CoL="BX9" box="[151,315,1391,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF9473F6FAADF359FA1A" bold="true" box="[151,315,1391,1417]" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Leptoceridae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The long-horned caddisflies comprise 1 of the 3 largest families in the order with about 1,800 described species. The family is about equal in diversity to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9470F9FA5AF63AFA21" ID-CoL="B8X" box="[920,1112,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydropsychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and only surpassed by the microcaddisflies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF94720AFA02F073FA49" ID-CoL="B8Y" box="[363,529,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydroptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in total known species richness. In all of these families, many more new species assuredly await discovery and description, especially from tropical regions around the world. The family was first established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF94716AF9D2F0C8F9B9" author="Leach" box="[523,682,1552,1578]" pageId="40" pageNumber="691" refString="Leach, W. E. (1815) Entomology. Brewster's Edinburg Encyclopedia, 9, 52 - 172." type="journal article" year="1815">Leach (1815)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and includes several species described by Linnaeus in
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF94765DF9D2F295F9C2" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Systema Naturae</emphasis>
|
||
, 10th ed. (Table 1). Nineteenth century workers also included species now in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947789F9FAF7FAF9C1" ID-CoL="DHW" box="[1256,1432,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9473F6F9A2F344F9E9" ID-CoL="CV9" box="[151,294,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Molannidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Molannidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947252F9A2F399F9E9" ID-CoL="622JJ" box="[307,507,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Calamoceratidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calamoceratidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF94715CF9A2F0D0F9E9" ID-CoL="76F" box="[573,690,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beraeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9471BDF9A2F11AF9E9" ID-CoL="BX9" box="[732,888,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but by the early 20th century modern family concepts were for the most part established. Forty-seven genera are known at present in the family, but new genera are still being described, for example
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9471CDF972F777F959" authority="Holzenthal and Andersen (2007)" authorityName="Holzenthal and Andersen" authorityYear="2007" box="[684,1301,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Fernandoschmidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF9471CDF972F1EBF95A" box="[684,905,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Fernandoschmidia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF9470F0F972F777F959" author="Holzenthal" box="[913,1301,1712,1738]" pageId="40" pageNumber="689" refString="Holzenthal, R. W. & Andersen, T. (2007) Review of the caddisfly genus Tagalopsyche with the description of new species and a related new genus (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Mystacidini). Zootaxa, 1483, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2007">Holzenthal and Andersen (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and recent generic synonymies have also occurred, for example
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947064F91AF131F962" ID-CoL="89WK" box="[773,851,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Ylodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF947064F91AF131F962" box="[773,851,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Ylodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947708F91AF337F889" ID-CoL="7YVJ" authority="Holzenthal & Andersen 2004" authorityName="Holzenthal & Andersen" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF947708F91AF68FF962" box="[1129,1261,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Triaenodes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF94779AF91AF32FF889" author="Holzenthal" pageId="40" pageNumber="689" refString="Holzenthal, R. W. & Andersen, T. (2004) The caddisfly genus Triaenodes in the Neotropics (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Zootaxa, 511, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Holzenthal & Andersen 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The family is divided into 2 subfamilies, the nominotypical subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9477F7F8C2F74DF889" ID-CoL="628JS" box="[1174,1327,1792,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptocerinae">Leptocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Leach of cosmopolitan distribution and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947161F8EAF0C6F8D1" ID-CoL="KGB" box="[512,676,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Triplectidinae">Triplectidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ulmer, having a primarily Southern Hemisphere distribution in the Neotropics and Australasia, with a putative triplectidine larva in southern Africa (de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0BFF9477A4F892F732F8F9" author="Moor" box="[1221,1360,1872,1898]" pageId="40" pageNumber="692" refString="Moor, F. C., de. (1997) An unusual caddisfly larva from South Africa, a possible member of the Triplectidinae (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). In: Holzenthal, R. W. & Flint, O. S., Jr. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 8 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 323 - 330." type="book chapter" year="1997">Moor 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Two genera in particular are widespread and diverse on all continents,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947083F8BAF6ACF801" ID-CoL="9G3H2" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[994,1230,1912,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF947083F8BAF658F802" box="[994,1082,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Oecetis</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with about 400 described species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF9472FBF862F0C9F829" ID-CoL="7YVJ" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[410,683,1952,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF9472FBF862F07CF82A" box="[410,542,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Triaenodes</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with about 230 known species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0BFF947741F862F681F829" ID-CoL="7G4W" authority="Rambur" authorityName="Rambur" box="[1056,1251,1952,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Setodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="679" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0BFF947741F862F618F82A" box="[1056,1146,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">Setodes</emphasis>
|
||
Rambur
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with about 220 species in very diverse in the Old World, especially
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0BFF947076F80AF131F871" box="[791,851,1992,2018]" name="India" pageId="40" pageNumber="679">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Southeast Asia, but in the New World it is represented by only a handful of eastern North American species and 1 on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0AFF957746FF5AF60BFF21" box="[1063,1129,152,178]" name="Cuba" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Other large genera, with about 100-150 species each, include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95713FFF02F69DFF49" ID-CoL="P9M" authority="McLachlan (Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental)" authorityName="McLachlan (Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental" box="[606,1279,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Adicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95713FFF02F0A2FF4A" box="[606,704,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Adicella</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan (Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957671FF02F053FE91" ID-CoL="352H" authority="Billberg (Afrotropical, Palearctic)" authorityName="Billberg (Afrotropical, Palearctic" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Athripsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957671FF02F7FEFF4A" box="[1296,1436,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Athripsodes</emphasis>
|
||
Billberg (Afrotropical, Palearctic)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957120FF2AF6B1FE91" ID-CoL="3KL8" authority="Stephens (Nearctic, Afrotropical, Palearctic)" authorityName="Stephens (Nearctic, Afrotropical, Palearctic" box="[577,1235,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Ceraclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957120FF2AF0CFFE92" box="[577,685,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Ceraclea</emphasis>
|
||
Stephens (Nearctic, Afrotropical, Palearctic)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95767BFF2AF2BDFEB9" ID-CoL="8HFJT" authority="Leach" authorityName="Leach" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Leptocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95767BFF2AF7FFFE92" box="[1306,1437,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Leptocerus</emphasis>
|
||
Leach
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, with a single species in the New World).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95770DFED2F73EFEB9" ID-CoL="5Y7V" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" box="[1132,1372,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Nectopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95770DFED2F762FEBA" box="[1132,1280,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Nectopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Müller
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with about 60 species, is a characteristic component of the Neotropical fauna; species in the genus also occur well into North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0AFF957245FEA2F3EFFEE9" box="[292,397,352,378]" name="United States of America" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The Neotropics is home to a number of endemic genera, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957797FEA2F379FE31" ID-CoL="62829" authority="Holzenthal" authorityName="Holzenthal" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Achoropsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957797FEA2F7FEFEEA" box="[1270,1436,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Achoropsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Holzenthal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95724DFE4AF156FE31" authority="Holzenthal & Oliveira Pes" authorityName="Holzenthal & Oliveira Pes" box="[300,820,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Amazonatolica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95724DFE4AF3BEFE32" box="[300,476,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Amazonatolica</emphasis>
|
||
Holzenthal & Oliveira Pes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957026FE4AF6F7FE31" ID-CoL="62B2S" authority="Holzenthal" authorityName="Holzenthal" box="[839,1173,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Amphoropsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957026FE4AF666FE32" box="[839,1028,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Amphoropsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Holzenthal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9577C7FE4AF7FAFE31" ID-CoL="62DSB" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[1190,1432,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Atanatolica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9577C7FE4AF74DFE32" box="[1190,1327,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Atanatolica</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9573F6FE72F3CAFE59" ID-CoL="3CKC" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[151,424,432,458]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Brachysetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9573F6FE72F320FE5A" box="[151,322,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Brachysetodes</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9572D5FE72F0C7FE59" ID-CoL="4R8W" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" box="[436,677,432,458]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Grumichella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9572D5FE72F02AFE5A" box="[436,584,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Grumichella</emphasis>
|
||
Müller
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957184FE72F64CFE59" ID-CoL="63DP4" authority="Holzenthal." authorityName="Holzenthal." box="[741,1070,432,458]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Neoathripsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957184FE72F1FFFE5A" box="[741,925,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Neoathripsodes</emphasis>
|
||
Holzenthal.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The Australasian region holds the largest diversity of endemic genera, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957068FE1AF667FE61" ID-CoL="3T2X" authority="Neboiss" authorityName="Neboiss" box="[777,1029,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Condocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957068FE1AF1F5FE62" box="[777,919,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Condocerus</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957777FE1AF77FFE61" authority="Sykora" authorityName="Sykora" box="[1046,1309,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Gracilipsodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957777FE1AF6D8FE62" box="[1046,1210,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Gracilipsodes</emphasis>
|
||
Sykora
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95764EFE1AF290FD89" ID-CoL="5BQX" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Lectrides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95764EFE1AF7FEFE62" box="[1327,1436,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Lectrides</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957273FDC2F069FD89" ID-CoL="5DC5" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[274,523,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Leptorussa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957273FDC2F3F6FD8A" box="[274,404,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Leptorussa</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95714DFDC2F14DFD89" ID-CoL="65GD" authority="Neboiss" authorityName="Neboiss" box="[556,815,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Notoperata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95714DFDC2F0D3FD8A" box="[556,689,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Notoperata</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95702EFDC2F631FD89" ID-CoL="7B7S" authority="St. Clair" authorityName="St. Clair" box="[847,1107,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Russobex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95702EFDC2F1DCFD8A" box="[847,958,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Russobex</emphasis>
|
||
St. Clair
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957715FDC2F7FAFD89" ID-CoL="6464X" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[1140,1432,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Symphitoneuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957715FDC2F74CFD8A" box="[1140,1326,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Symphitoneuria</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9573F6FDEAF3AAFDD1" ID-CoL="64659" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[151,456,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Symphitoneurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9573F6FDEAF33DFDD2" box="[151,351,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Symphitoneurina</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9572B6FDEAF0B5FDD1" ID-CoL="82CF" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[471,727,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triplectidina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9572B6FDEAF012FDD2" box="[471,624,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Triplectidina</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957187FDEAF1D3FDD1" ID-CoL="82CJ" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[742,945,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triplexa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957187FDEAF12BFDD2" box="[742,841,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Triplexa</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9570A0FDEAF6C3FDD1" ID-CoL="82CK" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[961,1185,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triplexina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9570A0FDEAF659FDD2" box="[961,1083,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Triplexina</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957786FDEAF7FEFDD2" box="[1255,1436,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Westriplectides</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss; all but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95723DFD92F3BCFDFA" ID-CoL="5DC5" box="[348,478,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Leptorussa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95723DFD92F3BCFDFA" box="[348,478,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Leptorussa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9571B9FD92F1E2FDF9" ID-CoL="KGB" box="[728,896,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Triplectidinae">Triplectidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Three additional triplectidine genera show a trans-Antarctic pattern between Australasia and the Neotropics,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9570F8FDBAF6E8FD01" ID-CoL="4Z5J" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[921,1162,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Hudsonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9570F8FDBAF647FD02" box="[921,1061,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Hudsonema</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9577F9FDBAF701FD01" ID-CoL="64YM" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[1176,1379,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Notalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9577F9FDBAF69CFD02" box="[1176,1278,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Notalina</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9573F6FD62F3F0FD29" ID-CoL="63VSX" authority="Kolenati" authorityName="Kolenati" box="[151,402,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triplectides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9573F6FD62F341FD2A" box="[151,291,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Triplectides</emphasis>
|
||
Kolenati
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter the largest genus in the subfamily with about 65 species, some of which occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0AFF9573DBFD0AF29BFD71" box="[186,249,712,738]" name="India" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Southeast Asia, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0AFF957169FD0AF02CFD71" box="[520,590,712,738]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The Afrotropics has a rich fauna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957742FD0AF6DDFD71" ID-CoL="628JS" box="[1059,1215,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptocerinae">Leptocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9573F6FD32F341FC9A" ID-CoL="352H" box="[151,291,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Athripsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9573F6FD32F341FC9A" box="[151,291,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Athripsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957250FD32F3FFFC9A" ID-CoL="3KL8" box="[305,413,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Ceraclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957250FD32F3FFFC9A" box="[305,413,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Ceraclea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9572CAFD32F04FFC9A" ID-CoL="8HFJT" box="[427,557,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Leptocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9572CAFD32F04FFC9A" box="[427,557,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Leptocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95715AFD32F0F1FC9A" ID-CoL="9G3H2" box="[571,659,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95715AFD32F0F1FC9A" box="[571,659,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Oecetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9571B2FD32F135FC9A" ID-CoL="7YVJ" box="[723,855,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Triaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9571B2FD32F135FC9A" box="[723,855,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Triaenodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it also has several endemic genera, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9573F6FCDAF05CFCA1" ID-CoL="36T2" authority="Ross, Leptocho Barnard" authorityName="Ross, Leptocho Barnard" box="[151,574,792,818]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Axiocerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9573F6FCDAF37AFCA2" box="[151,280,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Axiocerina</emphasis>
|
||
Ross,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957209FCDAF3B7FCA2" box="[360,469,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Leptocho</emphasis>
|
||
Barnard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95712AFCDAF15EFCA1" ID-CoL="5CW5" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[587,828,792,818]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Leptocerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95712AFCDAF0BBFCA2" box="[587,729,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Leptocerina</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957028FCDAF287FCC9" ID-CoL="62HCM" authority="Andersen & Kjaerandsen, Ptochoectis Ulmer" authorityName="Andersen & Kjaerandsen, Ptochoectis Ulmer" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Blyzophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957028FCDAF1B0FCA2" box="[841,978,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Blyzophilus</emphasis>
|
||
Andersen & Kjaerandsen,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957672FCDAF7FEFCA2" box="[1299,1436,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Ptochoectis</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957394FC82F068FCC9" ID-CoL="637JP" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[245,522,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Hemileptocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957394FC82F3CDFCCA" box="[245,431,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Hemileptocerus</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957133FC82F150FCC9" ID-CoL="7FSW" authority="Schmid." authorityName="Schmid." box="[594,818,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Sericodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957133FC82F0A6FCCA" box="[594,708,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Sericodes</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The Oriental region has a staggering diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9573F6FCAAF293FC12" ID-CoL="7G4W" box="[151,241,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Setodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9573F6FCAAF293FC12" box="[151,241,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Setodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95724EFCAAF3E5FC12" ID-CoL="9G3H2" box="[303,391,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Oecetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95724EFCAAF3E5FC12" box="[303,391,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Oecetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, especially in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0AFF9571F6FCAAF0B4FC11" box="[663,726,872,898]" name="India" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and also harbors a few endemic genera as well, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9573F6FC52F0CEFC39" authority="Holzenthal & Andersen" authorityName="Holzenthal & Andersen" box="[151,684,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Fernandoschmidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9573F6FC52F316FC3A" box="[151,372,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Fernandoschmidia</emphasis>
|
||
Holzenthal & Andersen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9571DEFC52F1A5FC39" ID-CoL="5CW4" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[703,967,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Leptoceriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9571DEFC52F13EFC3A" box="[703,860,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Leptoceriella</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957775FC52F74FFC39" ID-CoL="6TKF" authority="Schmid." authorityName="Schmid." box="[1044,1325,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Poecilopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957775FC52F6DFFC3A" box="[1044,1213,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Poecilopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95765DFC52F37EFC41" ID-CoL="63435" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Erotesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95765DFC52F7FEFC3A" box="[1340,1436,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Erotesis</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 2 European and 1 Japanese species is the only genus endemic to the Palearctic region. Remaining genera within the family, all members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957050FC22F1AFFC69" ID-CoL="628JS" box="[817,973,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptocerinae">Leptocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occur across 2 or 3 biogeographical regions and include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9572ECFBCAF01EFBB1" ID-CoL="6378P" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[397,636,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Homilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9572ECFBCAF38FFBB2" box="[397,493,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Homilia</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Europe, Afrotropical),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9570C2FBCAF7F5FBB1" ID-CoL="5WT3" authority="Berthold (Holarctic, Oriental)" authorityName="Berthold (Holarctic, Oriental" box="[931,1431,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Mystacides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9570C2FBCAF645FBB2" box="[931,1063,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Mystacides</emphasis>
|
||
Berthold (Holarctic, Oriental)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9573F6FBF2F10AFBD9" ID-CoL="6GRX" authority="McLachlan (Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental)" authorityName="McLachlan (Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental" box="[151,872,1072,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Parasetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9573F6FBF2F34AFBDA" box="[151,296,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Parasetodes</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan (Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957019FBF2F7FAFBD9" ID-CoL="7RYL" authority="Banks (Afrotropical, Oriental)" authorityName="Banks (Afrotropical, Oriental" box="[888,1432,1072,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Tagalopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957019FBF2F679FBDA" box="[888,1051,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Tagalopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Banks (Afrotropical, Oriental)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9573ABFB9AF107FBE1" ID-CoL="7ZMP" authority="Ulmer (Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental)" authorityName="Ulmer (Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental" box="[202,869,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Trichosetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9573ABFB9AF30CFBE2" box="[202,366,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Trichosetodes</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer (Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957728FB9AF727FBE1" ID-CoL="6432" authority="Kimmins" authorityName="Kimmins" box="[1097,1349,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Nietnerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957728FB9AF6AFFBE2" box="[1097,1229,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Nietnerella</emphasis>
|
||
Kimmins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a single species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0AFF9572EFFB42F06AFB09" box="[398,520,1152,1178]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, within the family is equivocal. Phylogenetic studies within the family, in addition to those reviewed by Morse (1997), include
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0AFF95707EFB6AF660FB51" box="[799,1026,1192,1218]" pageId="41" pageNumber="687" refString="Calor, A. R., Holzenthal, R. W. & Amorim, D. S. (2006) Phylogenetic analysis of Notalina (Neonotalina) Holzenthal (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), with the description of two new species from southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 1131, 33 - 48." type="journal article">Calor et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0AFF957770FB6AF76FFB51" box="[1041,1293,1192,1218]" pageId="41" pageNumber="692" refString="Manuel, K. L., Hur, J. M. & Morse, J. C. (2005) Phylogeny of the species of Triaenodes in North America (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). In: Tanida, K. & Rossiter, A. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 11 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, Japan, pp. 261 - 268." type="book chapter">Manuel et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Morse and Yang (2002),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0AFF95725EFB12F004FB79" author="Stuart" box="[319,614,1232,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="695" refString="Stuart, A. E. & Currie, D. C. (2002) Behavioral homologies are recognized in leptocerine caddisflies (Trichoptera) even though endproduct morphology is different. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 21, 589 - 601." type="journal article" year="2002">Stuart and Currie (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0AFF9571C8FB12F1AEFB79" author="Yang" box="[681,972,1232,1258]" pageId="41" pageNumber="698" refString="Yang, L. & Morse, J. C. (2000) Leptoceridae (Trichoptera) of the People's Republic of China. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 64, i - vii + 1 - 309." type="journal article" year="2000">Yang and Morse (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Larvae of the family construct a wide diversity of cases, perhaps the most diverse in the order. Cases are fundamentally tubular, but can be made entirely of silk secretions, of plant pieces arranged spirally or laid transversely, or of large leaf fragments to form a flattened case. Others make simple tubular cases of sand grains, strongly or only slightly tapered towards the posterior ends; sometimes there are larger stones placed laterally.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95775BFAB2F6DCFA1A" ID-CoL="5WT3" box="[1082,1214,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Mystacides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95775BFAB2F6DCFA1A" box="[1082,1214,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Mystacides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae incorporate long conifer needles or leaf stems that trail off the end of the case. Some genera make irregular cases of plant fragments, while others hollow a twig or use the abandoned cases of other caddisflies as their own. Some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9573F6FA2AF361F992" ID-CoL="3KL8" box="[151,259,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Ceraclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9573F6FA2AF361F992" box="[151,259,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Ceraclea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
build flat, limpet-like cases of sand grains, while those that feed on freshwater sponge incorporate sponge pieces and spicules in their cases. The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF957055F9D2F611F9B9" authority="Scott" authorityName="Scott" box="[820,1139,1552,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Leptecho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helicotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF957055F9D2F64DF9BA" box="[820,1071,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Leptecho helicotheca</emphasis>
|
||
Scott
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0AFF9577DFF9D2F735F9B9" box="[1214,1367,1552,1578]" name="South Africa" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
build snail-shaped cases remarkably similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95719AF9FAF1FBF9C2" ID-CoL="62TKW" box="[763,921,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" genus="Helicopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95719AF9FAF1FBF9C2" box="[763,921,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Helicopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Larvae are found everywhere, from high mountain torrents, through all orders of streams, to large lowland rivers. In northern latitudes, they are common in lakes and in the tropics they occur in oxbow lakes and other standing waters, even temporary ones; some are semi-terrestrial and inhabit the sides of waterfalls where they are wet by the splash. Larvae feed as leaf detritus shredders, periphyton scrapers, and predators, even on freshwater sponge. Adults are often very abundant and come to lights by the 1000s. Their long, slender antennae and generally narrow forewings are distinguishing features. There are quite a few genera that have brightly colored and iridescent hairs and scales on the wings, making them among the most beautiful of caddisflies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0AFF9673F6F85DF375FE61" blockId="41.[151,1436,1951,2018]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1436,152,498]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="681" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF9573F6F85DF3FFF82A" ID-CoL="C2X" box="[151,413,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Limnocentropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF9573F6F85DF3FFF82A" bold="true" box="[151,413,1951,1977]" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Limnocentropodidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The family contains a single genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0AFF95703BF862F60CF829" ID-CoL="62YKF" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[858,1134,1952,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Limnocentropodidae" genus="Limnocentropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="680" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0AFF95703BF862F67AF82A" box="[858,1048,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Limnocentropus</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 15 species occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0AFF9573D8F80AF297F871" box="[185,245,1992,2018]" name="India" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0AFF957257F80AF31DF871" box="[310,383,1992,2018]" name="Nepal" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0AFF9572EEF80AF3BAF871" box="[399,472,1992,2018]" name="China" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Southeast Asia (including Borneo), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0AFF9570B2F80AF67BF871" box="[979,1049,1992,2018]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="680">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The genus was created for the Japanese species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967207FF5AF023FF21" ID-CoL="6QBLD" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[358,577,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Limnocentropodidae" genus="Limnocentropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF967207FF5AF314FF22" box="[358,374,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9672E6FF5AF388FF22" box="[391,490,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">insolitus</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and originally included in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9670D9FF5AF776FF21" ID-CoL="625ZS" authority="(Ulmer 1907a)" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[952,1300,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Phryganeidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F09FF967708FF5AF769FF21" author="Ulmer" box="[1129,1291,152,178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="695" refString="Ulmer, G. (1907 a) Neue Trichopteren. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 29, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1907" yearSuffix="a">Ulmer 1907a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9673F6FF02F371FF4A" box="[151,275,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Kitagamia</emphasis>
|
||
Iwata, and its coordinate family Kitagamiidae Tsuda, is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF96772FFF02F76EFF4A" ID-CoL="62YKF" box="[1102,1292,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Limnocentropodidae" genus="Limnocentropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF96772FFF02F76EFF4A" box="[1102,1292,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Limnocentropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The family Limnocentropidae was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F09FF96713FFF2AF09EFE91" author="Tsuda" box="[606,764,232,258]" pageId="42" pageNumber="695" refString="Tsuda, M. (1942) Japanische Trichopteren. I. Systematik. Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University, Series B, 17, 239 - 339." type="journal article" year="1942">Tsuda (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a replacement name for Kitagamiidae, later emended to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9673D4FED2F3CBFEB9" ID-CoL="C2X" box="[181,425,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Limnocentropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limnocentropodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F09FF9672B7FED2F0FEFEB9" author="Kimmins" box="[470,668,272,298]" pageId="42" pageNumber="690" refString="Kimmins, D. E. (1950) Indian caddis flies (Trichoptera) I. New species of the genus Limnocentropus Ulmer. Annals & Magazine of Natural History, 12, 590 - 603." type="journal article" year="1950">Kimmins (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Larvae live in torrential waters and attach their cases to rocks by a strong, silken peduncle, about as long as or longer than the case. The case itself is made of small rocks with silken denticles incorporated in some species. Larvae are large, robust, and predaceous. The case is positioned to extend in the current so that the larva can collect drifting insects with its strong, stout, outstretched spiny legs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F09FF9673BCFE72F3F2FE59" author="Wiggins" box="[221,400,432,458]" pageId="42" pageNumber="697" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (1969) Contributions to the biology of the asian caddisfly family Limnocentropodidae (Trichoptera). Life Science Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 74, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1969">Wiggins 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unlike the vast majority of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967075FE72F1C2FE59" ID-CoL="77f81588-9b0d-4ab2-b82e-7265a66ef220" box="[788,928,432,458]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adults have well developed, sclerotized mandibles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F09FF9673F6FDE5F28CFC69" blockId="42.[151,1436,551,1018]" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9673F6FDE5F34FFDD2" ID-CoL="CV9" box="[151,301,551,577]" class="Insecta" family="Molannidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9673F6FDE5F34FFDD2" bold="true" box="[151,301,551,577]" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Molannidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The family contains only 2 genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF96704CFDEAF18DFDD1" ID-CoL="63C9V" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[813,1007,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Molannidae" genus="Molanna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF96704CFDEAF1F5FDD2" box="[813,919,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Molanna</emphasis>
|
||
Curtis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with about 2 dozen species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9673F6FD92F3D9FDF9" ID-CoL="63BY6" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[151,443,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Molannidae" genus="Molannodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9673F6FD92F34AFDFA" box="[151,296,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Molannodes</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with about 1 dozen species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967057FD92F608FDF9" ID-CoL="638LN" authority="Wiggins" authorityName="Wiggins" box="[822,1130,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Molannidae" genus="Indomolannodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF967057FD92F19BFDFA" box="[822,1017,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Indomolannodes</emphasis>
|
||
Wiggins
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9673F6FDBAF34AFD02" ID-CoL="63BY6" box="[151,296,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Molannidae" genus="Molannodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9673F6FDBAF34AFD02" box="[151,296,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Molannodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F09FF9672A9FDBAF0E6FD01" author="Malicky" box="[456,644,632,658]" pageId="42" pageNumber="692" refString="Malicky, H. (2000) Einige neue Kocherfliegen aus Sabah, Nepal, India and China (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae, Hydrobiosidae, Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Ecnomidae, Psychomyiidae, Hydropsychidae, Brachycentridae, Odontoceridae, Molannidae). Braueria, 27, 32 - 39." type="journal article" year="2000">Malicky (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Members of the family were at one time included as a “section” or tribe of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967397FD62F3EDFD29" ID-CoL="BX9" box="[246,399,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by McLachlan and others, but were established as a family by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F09FF96771EFD62F703FD29" author="Wallengren" box="[1151,1377,672,698]" pageId="42" pageNumber="696" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1891) Skandinaviens Neuroptera. Andra afdelningen. Svenska Akademien Handlingar, 24, 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1891">Wallengren (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The family occurs across the Holarctic region as well as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF967067FD0AF127FD71" box="[774,837,712,738]" name="India" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF967033FD0AF1ABFD71" box="[850,969,712,738]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Southeast Asia, including parts of the Indonesian archipelago. Larvae construct heavy, depressed cases of sand grains with large lateral and anterior expansions that serve to hide the larva from above and facilitate protection from predators as well as from overturning by waves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F09FF967285FC82F03CFCC9" author="Otto" box="[484,606,832,858]" pageId="42" pageNumber="694" refString="Otto, C. (2000) Cost and benefit from shield cases in caddis larvae. Hydrobiologia, 436, 35 - 40." type="journal article" year="2000">Otto 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or sinking in soft sediments. They live on the sandy bottoms of lakes, often at considerable depths, and the sandy depositional areas of streams and springs. The larval food consists of algae, including diatoms, leaf litter detritus, and aquatic invertebrates. Adults of some species tend to roll the wings around the body and hold themselves at an angle while at rest, thus resembling a small twig or tiny branch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F09FF9673F6FBEDF736F889" blockId="42.[151,1436,1071,1818]" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9673F6FBEDF333FBDA" ID-CoL="DHW" box="[151,337,1071,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9673F6FBEDF333FBDA" bold="true" box="[151,337,1071,1097]" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Odontoceridae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: In earlier days, the family was considered a “section” of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967762FBF2F6FEFBD9" ID-CoL="BX9" box="[1027,1180,1072,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., Walker) or as a subfamily of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967253FB9AF3A9FBE1" ID-CoL="BX9" box="[306,459,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., Ulmer), but later workers considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9670ABFB9AF614FBE1" ID-CoL="JZS" box="[970,1142,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontocerinae">Odontocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F09FF96771FFB9AF73EFBE1" author="Wallengren" box="[1150,1372,1112,1138]" pageId="42" pageNumber="696" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1891) Skandinaviens Neuroptera. Andra afdelningen. Svenska Akademien Handlingar, 24, 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1891">Wallengren (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to be a distinct family. The family contains about 115 extant species in 14 genera, scattered about the Old and New Worlds. Four genera are endemic to North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF9671F1FB6AF09AFB51" box="[656,760,1192,1218]" name="United States of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B741F09FF967065FB6AF153FB51" box="[772,817,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
the West (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9670D0FB6AF6E6FB51" ID-CoL="5X6P" authority="Banks" authorityName="Banks" box="[945,1156,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Namamyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9670D0FB6AF652FB52" box="[945,1072,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Namamyia</emphasis>
|
||
Banks
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9677F1FB6AF704FB51" ID-CoL="63BX" authority="Banks" authorityName="Banks" box="[1168,1382,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Nerophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9677F1FB6AF771FB52" box="[1168,1299,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Nerophilus</emphasis>
|
||
Banks
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9673F6FB12F313FB79" ID-CoL="6J96" authority="Denning" authorityName="Denning" box="[151,369,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Parthina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9673F6FB12F29DFB7A" box="[151,255,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Parthina</emphasis>
|
||
Denning
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B741F09FF9672D9FB12F38AFB79" box="[440,488,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
the East (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967109FB12F1E4FB79" ID-CoL="7258" authority="Carpenter" authorityName="Carpenter" box="[616,902,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Pseudogoera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF967109FB12F161FB7A" box="[616,771,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Pseudogoera</emphasis>
|
||
Carpenter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Of the 2 additional genera found in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF9673F6FB3AF29DFA81" box="[151,255,1272,1298]" name="United States of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF96726EFB3AF3A6FA81" ID-CoL="5LD8" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" box="[271,452,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Marilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF96726EFB3AF30BFA82" box="[271,361,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Marilia</emphasis>
|
||
Müller
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaches its greatest diversity in the Neotropics (ca. 45 species), with additional species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF967270FAE2F338FAA9" box="[273,346,1312,1338]" name="China" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Southeast Asia, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF967134FAE2F0A6FAA9" box="[597,708,1312,1338]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967060FAE2F1A7FAA9" ID-CoL="74BC" authority="Banks" authorityName="Banks" box="[769,965,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Psilotreta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF967060FAE2F116FAAA" box="[769,884,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Psilotreta</emphasis>
|
||
Banks
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in eastern North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF967784FAE2F72FFAA9" box="[1253,1357,1312,1338]" name="United States of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF967639FAE2F7F5FAA9" box="[1368,1431,1312,1338]" name="India" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF9673F6FA8AF282FAF1" box="[151,224,1352,1378]" name="Nepal" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Southeast Asia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF9672D6FA8AF062FAF1" box="[439,512,1352,1378]" name="China" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF967170FA8AF039FAF1" box="[529,603,1352,1378]" name="South Korea" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF9671C3FA8AF08AFAF1" box="[674,744,1352,1378]" name="Japan" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In addition to many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF96771FFA8AF6BAFAF2" ID-CoL="5LD8" box="[1150,1240,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Marilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF96771FFA8AF6BAFAF2" box="[1150,1240,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Marilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Neotropics harbors 2 endemic monotypic genera, both from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF9670B0FAB2F67EFA19" box="[977,1052,1392,1418]" name="Brazil" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967755FAB2F73CFA19" ID-CoL="38B4" authority="Burmeister" authorityName="Burmeister" box="[1076,1374,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Barypenthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF967755FAB2F6AAFA1A" box="[1076,1224,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Barypenthus</emphasis>
|
||
Burmeister
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9673F6FA5AF0D7FA21" authority="Huamantinco and Nessimian." authorityName="Huamantinco and Nessimian." box="[151,693,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Anastomoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9673F6FA5AF333FA22" box="[151,337,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Anastomoneura</emphasis>
|
||
Huamantinco and Nessimian.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The Australasian fauna is poorly represented by only a couple of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF96725FFA02F3FAFA4A" ID-CoL="5LD8" box="[318,408,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Marilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF96725FFA02F3FAFA4A" box="[318,408,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Marilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 2 species of the endemic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967002FA02F655FA49" ID-CoL="62F5S" authority="Banks." authorityName="Banks." box="[867,1079,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Barynema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF967002FA02F1BEFA4A" box="[867,988,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Barynema</emphasis>
|
||
Banks.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Southeast Asia is home to 2 endemic genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967205FA2AF019F991" ID-CoL="54MR" authority="Malicky" authorityName="Malicky" box="[356,635,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Inthanopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF967205FA2AF06DF992" box="[356,527,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Inthanopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Malicky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9671DAFA2AF1A7F991" ID-CoL="62XLW" authority="Malicky" authorityName="Malicky" box="[699,965,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Lannapsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9671DAFA2AF134F992" box="[699,854,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Lannapsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Malicky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in addition to those mentioned above. Only the nominotypical genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967168F9D2F09EF9B9" ID-CoL="66VR" authority="Leach" authorityName="Leach" box="[521,764,1552,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" genus="Odontocerum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF967168F9D2F0C8F9BA" box="[521,682,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Odontocerum</emphasis>
|
||
Leach
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occurs in Europe. The family is not known from Africa, but a single monotypic genus with equivocal placement in the family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F09FF9670B4F9FAF618F9C1" author="Neboiss" box="[981,1146,1592,1618]" pageId="42" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (1978) Atriplectididae, a new caddisfly family (Trichoptera: Atriplectidae). In: Crichton, M. I. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 2 nd International Symposium on Trichoptera. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, pp. 67 - 73." type="book chapter" year="1978">Neboiss 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was described from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF9673F6F9A2F375F9E9" box="[151,279,1632,1658]" name="Seychelles" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967242F9A2F0A1F9E9" ID-CoL="5CZC" authority="Ulmer. Larvae" authorityName="Ulmer. Larvae" box="[291,707,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Atriplectididae" genus="Leptodermatopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF967242F9A2F072F9EA" box="[291,528,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Leptodermatopteryx</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer. Larvae
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
live in springs and small to medium-sized streams and rivers, some are associated with waterfalls. They seem to prefer slow flowing areas or depositional zones, where they may burrow in the sandy substrate. Cases are made of sand grains or larger mineral fragments and are very resistant to crushing due to reinforcing silken mortar applied by the larva between sand grains. Larvae are omnivorous, feeding on organic detritus, vascular plants, moss, and algae as well as aquatic arthropods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F09FF9773F6F88DF719FE59" blockId="42.[151,1436,1871,2018]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1436,152,458]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="682" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF9673F6F88DF304F8FA" ID-CoL="625XD" box="[151,358,1871,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF9673F6F88DF304F8FA" bold="true" box="[151,358,1871,1897]" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Philorheithridae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This is another small family of about 25 species that shows a trans-Antarctic distribution, with genera endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF9672D4F8BAF046F801" box="[437,548,1912,1938]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Tasmania,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF9671D3F8BAF131F801" box="[690,851,1912,1938]" name="New Zealand" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, or southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF96708FF8BAF64CF801" box="[1006,1070,1912,1938]" name="Chile" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF9677B2F8BAF72EF801" box="[1235,1356,1912,1938]" name="Argentina" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
. There are 8 genera, with about 2-6 species each, distributed as follows: southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF967773F862F637F829" box="[1042,1109,1952,1978]" name="Chile" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF967703F862F6B5F829" box="[1122,1239,1952,1978]" name="Argentina" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967788F862F296F871" ID-CoL="5WTB" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Mystacopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF967788F862F7FEF82A" box="[1257,1436,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Mystacopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF967261F80AF386F871" ID-CoL="642T5" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[256,484,1992,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Psilopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF967261F80AF3EEF872" box="[256,396,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Psilopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), southeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F09FF96710CF80AF0BEF871" box="[621,732,1992,2018]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Tasmania (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF96700DF80AF60DF871" ID-CoL="366K" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[876,1135,1992,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Austrheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF96700DF80AF669F872" box="[876,1035,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Austrheithrus</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F09FF96771AF80AF7FAF871" ID-CoL="62CWV" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[1147,1432,1992,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Aphilorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="681" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F09FF96771AF80AF757F872" box="[1147,1333,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="681">Aphilorheithrus</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9773F6FF5AF0A4FF21" ID-CoL="58Z6" authority="Mosely, Ramirheithrus Neboiss" authorityName="Mosely, Ramirheithrus Neboiss" box="[151,710,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Kosrheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9773F6FF5AF352FF22" box="[151,304,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Kosrheithrus</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9772CCFF5AF034FF22" box="[429,598,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Ramirheithrus</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9771BBFF5AF1BCFF21" ID-CoL="7SYW" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[730,990,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Tasmanthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9771BBFF5AF111FF22" box="[730,883,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Tasmanthrus</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F08FF977755FF5AF6BAFF21" box="[1076,1240,152,178]" name="New Zealand" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF977790FF5AF2B7FF49" ID-CoL="6NJW" authority="Hare" authorityName="Hare" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Philorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF977790FF5AF7FEFF22" box="[1265,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Philorheithrus</emphasis>
|
||
Hare
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The 2 earliest named genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF977123FF02F142FF49" ID-CoL="642T5" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[578,800,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Psilopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF977123FF02F0ACFF4A" box="[578,718,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Psilopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF977038FF02F62AFF49" ID-CoL="6NJW" authority="Hare" authorityName="Hare" box="[857,1096,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Philorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF977038FF02F666FF4A" box="[857,1028,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Philorheithrus</emphasis>
|
||
Hare
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were originally described in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9773AEFF2AF31EFE91" ID-CoL="DHW" box="[207,380,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9772B1FF2AF0FFFE91" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[464,669,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF977001FF2AF678FE91" author="Mosely" box="[864,1050,232,258]" pageId="43" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. (1936) Tasmanian Trichoptera or caddis-flies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1936, 395 - 424." type="proceedings paper" year="1936">Mosely (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established the family, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9773F6FED2F320FEBA" ID-CoL="6NJW" box="[151,322,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Philorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9773F6FED2F320FEBA" box="[151,322,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Philorheithrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as its
|
||
<typeStatus id="548E88331F08FF9772EFFED2F3A2FEB9" box="[398,448,272,298]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus. The semi-raptorial morphology of the fore- and midlegs of the larvae reveal their predatory behavior. Larvae construct stout, tubular cases of sand grains and live on or in sandy bottom sediments in small to medium-sized rivers. In the males of most species, there is a pair of “pilifers:” digitate, semimembranous structures, emerging dorsad of the maxillary palps and held in front of the face. Some males have pectinate antennae. In general, these are rather large caddisflies, with wing lengths of about 1-1.5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F08FF9773F6FE3DF60EFC11" blockId="43.[151,1436,511,898]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9773F6FE3DF343FD8A" ID-CoL="GXQ" box="[151,289,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Tasimiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9773F6FE3DF343FD8A" bold="true" box="[151,289,511,537]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Tasimiidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This small family contains only 4 genera,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B741F08FF977050FDC2F13DFD89" box="[817,863,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F08FF9770B7FDC2F677FD89" box="[982,1045,512,538]" name="Chile" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B741F08FF977730FDC2F61DFD89" box="[1105,1151,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
southeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F08FF97779CFDC2F70AFD89" box="[1277,1384,512,538]" name="Australia" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Tasmania, for a total of 9 species. The Chilean fauna is composed of 2 species, each in a monotypic genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9773F6FD92F042FDF9" ID-CoL="TMY8" authority="Flint" authorityName="Flint" box="[151,544,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Tasimiidae" genus="Charadropsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penicillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9773F6FD92F382FDFA" box="[151,480,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Charadropsyche penicillata</emphasis>
|
||
Flint
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF97713DFD92F197FDF9" ID-CoL="58M3F" authority="Schmid." authorityName="Schmid." box="[604,1013,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Tasimiidae" genus="Trichovespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF97713DFD92F1E9FDFA" box="[604,907,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Trichovespula macrocera</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF97709FFD92F6DFFDF9" ID-CoL="7SX7" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[1022,1213,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Tasimiidae" genus="Tasimia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF97709FFD92F63EFDFA" box="[1022,1116,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Tasimia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains 5 species from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F08FF977213FDBAF3BFFD01" box="[370,477,632,658]" name="Australia" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Tasmania, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF977183FDBAF1D9FD01" ID-CoL="7SX6" authority="Neboiss" authorityName="Neboiss" box="[738,955,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Tasimiidae" genus="Tasiagma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF977183FDBAF134FD02" box="[738,854,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Tasiagma</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 1 species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F08FF9777E5FDBAF68DFD01" box="[1156,1263,632,658]" name="Australia" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Tasmania and 1 on Lord Howe Island, lying between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F08FF9771FFFD62F16BFD29" box="[670,777,672,698]" name="Australia" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F08FF977025FD62F184FD29" box="[836,998,672,698]" name="New Zealand" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The family was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF977604FD62F287FD71" author="Riek" pageId="43" pageNumber="694" refString="Riek, E. F. (1968) A new family of caddis-flies from Australia (Trichoptera: Tasimiidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 7, 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="1968">Riek (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9772F0FD0AF38DFD72" ID-CoL="7SX7" box="[401,495,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Tasimiidae" genus="Tasimia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9772F0FD0AF38DFD72" box="[401,495,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Tasimia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF97705FFD0AF66EFD71" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[830,1036,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF977778FD0AF6A3FD72" ID-CoL="7ZR2" box="[1049,1217,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Tasimiidae" genus="Trichovespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF977778FD0AF6A3FD72" box="[1049,1217,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Trichovespula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9773D7FD32F3E9FC99" ID-CoL="BWR" box="[182,395,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepidostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and later transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9771D1FD32F150FC99" ID-CoL="GXQ" box="[688,818,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Tasimiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tasimiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF977000FD32F191FC99" author="Flint" box="[865,1011,752,778]" pageId="43" pageNumber="688" refString="Flint, O. S., Jr. (1969) Studies of Neotropical caddis flies, IX: new genera and species from the Chilean subregion. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 71, 497 - 514." type="journal article" year="1969">Flint (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Larvae all seem to build narrow to broad, flattened, tubular cases of sand grains with anterior and lateral flanges of larger mineral fragments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF9773FEFC82F37FFCC9" author="Flint" box="[159,285,832,858]" pageId="43" pageNumber="688" refString="Flint, O. S., Jr. (1967) Trichoptera collected by Prof. J. Illies in the Chilean subregion. Beitrage zur Neotropischen Fauna, 5, 45 - 68." type="journal article" year="1967">Flint 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1999). They live in small, shallow streams where they cling to the faces of rocks. They probably feed on periphyton and organic sediments growing or adhering to the rock surfaces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F08FF9773F6FC7AF311FC41" blockId="43.[151,1437,952,1458]" box="[151,371,952,978]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">INTEGRIPALPIA</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F08FF9773A6FC22F3B2FBB1" box="[199,464,992,1058]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F08FF9773A6FC22F3E4FC69" blockId="43.[151,1437,952,1458]" box="[199,390,992,1018]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">BREVITENTORIA</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F08FF977396FBCAF3B2FBB1" blockId="43.[151,1437,952,1458]" box="[247,464,1032,1058]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Sericostomatoidea</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F651A1F08FF9373F6FBEDF3AAF959" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="686" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F08FF9773F6FBEDF723FA21" blockId="43.[151,1437,952,1458]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9773F6FBEDF3E7FBDA" ID-CoL="6FM" box="[151,389,1071,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Anomalopsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9773F6FBEDF3E7FBDA" bold="true" box="[151,389,1071,1097]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Anomalopsychidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The family was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF97706EFBF2F1FCFBD9" author="Flint" box="[783,926,1072,1098]" pageId="43" pageNumber="688" refString="Flint, O. S., Jr. (1981) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXVII: Anomalopsychidae, a new family of Trichoptera. In: Moretti, G. P. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 3 rd International Symposium on Trichoptera. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, pp. 75 - 85." type="book chapter" year="1981">Flint (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for 2 Chilean species formerly included in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9773A5FB9AF3F1FBE1" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[196,403,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9772CBFB9AF0A4FBE1" ID-CoL="XVTB" authority="Flint" authorityName="Flint" box="[426,710,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Anomalopsychidae" genus="Contulma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cranifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9772CBFB9AF0E7FBE2" box="[426,645,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Contulma cranifer</emphasis>
|
||
Flint
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF977065FB9AF6FDFBE1" ID-CoL="66V6N" authority="Schmid. It" authorityName="Schmid. It" box="[772,1183,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Anomalopsychidae" genus="Anomalopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF977065FB9AF67AFBE2" box="[772,1048,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Anomalopsyche minuta</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid. It
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only caddisfly family fully endemic to the Neotropics and now contains 26 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF9770ABFB42F68DFB09" author="Holzenthal" box="[970,1263,1152,1178]" pageId="43" pageNumber="689" refString="Holzenthal, R. W. & Flint, O. S., Jr. (1995) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, LI: systematics of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Contulma (Trichoptera: Anomalopsychidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 575, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1995">Holzenthal & Flint 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Holzenthal & Robertson 2006), distributed in the mountainous regions from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F08FF977019FB6AF19BFB51" box="[888,1017,1192,1218]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F08FF977707FB6AF6C4FB51" box="[1126,1190,1192,1218]" name="Chile" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and in the highlands of southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F08FF977233FB12F3FFFB79" box="[338,413,1232,1258]" name="Brazil" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The larvae of both genera have been described (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF977082FB12F600FB79" author="Flint" box="[995,1122,1232,1258]" pageId="43" pageNumber="688" refString="Flint, O. S., Jr. (1981) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXVII: Anomalopsychidae, a new family of Trichoptera. In: Moretti, G. P. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 3 rd International Symposium on Trichoptera. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, pp. 75 - 85." type="book chapter" year="1981">Flint 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF97770EFB12F7F6FB79" author="Holzenthal" box="[1135,1428,1232,1258]" pageId="43" pageNumber="689" refString="Holzenthal, R. W. & Flint, O. S., Jr. (1995) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, LI: systematics of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Contulma (Trichoptera: Anomalopsychidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 575, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1995">Holzenthal & Flint 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and inhabit seeps, spring-runs, and small to medium-sized streams in forested areas as well as those above the tree line in the northern Andes. Many species frequent the splash zone of waterfalls and cascades, where they are often found in aquatic moss. The larvae have scraping mandibles and more than likely feed on periphyton. They build cylindrical, slightly curved cases of sand grains. As a whole, members of the family are rare and infrequently collected; adults fly to lights, but are as easily collected with an aerial net during the day.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F08FF9773F6FA25F395F961" blockId="43.[151,1437,1511,1778]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9773F6FA25F301F992" ID-CoL="622SW" box="[151,355,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Antipodoeciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9773F6FA25F301F992" bold="true" box="[151,355,1511,1537]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Antipodoeciidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The family is endemic to eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F08FF97719CFA2AF10AF991" box="[765,872,1512,1538]" name="Australia" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and still contains a single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF977661FA2AF333F9B9" ID-CoL="F2H7" authority="Mosely." authorityName="Mosely." class="Insecta" family="Antipodoeciidae" genus="Antipodoecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF977661FA2AF28BF9BA" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Antipodoecia turneri</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The species was originally described in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF977002F9D2F652F9B9" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[867,1072,1552,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF97770AF9D2F699F9B9" author="Ross" box="[1131,1275,1552,1578]" pageId="43" pageNumber="694" refString="Ross, H. H. (1967) The evolution and past dispersal of the Trichoptera. Annual Review of Entomology, 12, 169 - 206." type="journal article" year="1967">Ross (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established a new family,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF977248F9FAF38CF9C1" ID-CoL="622SW" box="[297,494,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Antipodoeciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Antipodoeciidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to accommodate it in his attempt to rectify the then polyphyletic composition of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9773A7F9A2F3F1F9E9" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[198,403,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9772C5F9A2F07CF9EA" box="[420,542,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
. It is a small insect with a forewing length of only 3.5 mm; nothing of substance has been published on its biology. The larvae build slightly curved and tapered, cylindrical cases of sand grains. It is the only caddisfly family not yet included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of family relationships within the order.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F08FF9073F6F8E5F185FF49" blockId="43.[151,1436,1831,2018]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="683" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9773F6F8E5F3E9F8D2" ID-CoL="72X" box="[151,395,1831,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Barbarochthonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF9773F6F8E5F3E9F8D2" bold="true" box="[151,395,1831,1857]" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Barbarochthonidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This endemic South African family was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF9777E6F8EAF779F8D1" author="Scott" box="[1159,1307,1832,1858]" pageId="43" pageNumber="695" refString="Scott, K. M. F. (1985) Order Trichoptera (caddis flies). In: Scholtz, C. H. & Holm, E. (Eds.) Insects of Southern Africa. Butterworths, Durban, pp. 327 - 340." type="book chapter" year="1985">Scott (1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF977651F8EAF70EF8D1" author="Scott" box="[1328,1388,1832,1858]" pageId="43" pageNumber="695" refString="Scott, K. M. F. (1993) Three recently erected Trichoptera families from South Africa, the Hydrosalpingidae, Petrothrincidae and Barbarochthonidae (Integripalpia: Sericostomatidae) [with a contribution by F. C. de Moor]. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History), 18, 293 - 354." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to accommodate a single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF977176F892F1DBF8F9" ID-CoL="KM6Z" authority="Barnard" authorityName="Barnard" box="[535,953,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Barbarochthonidae" genus="Barbarochthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF977176F892F12FF8FA" box="[535,845,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Barbarochthon brunneum</emphasis>
|
||
Barnard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first described in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF9777B3F892F32CF801" ID-CoL="G8F" authority="Barnard 1934" authorityName="Barnard" authorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Sericostomatidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F08FF9773FEF8BAF327F801" author="Barnard" box="[159,325,1912,1938]" pageId="43" pageNumber="687" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1934) South African caddis-flies (Trichoptera). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 21, 291 - 394." type="journal article" year="1934">Barnard 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The small dark brown adults have a conspicuous cream colored pronotum and are common in the western and southern Cape region at mid- to high elevations. Larvae occur in both fast-flowing torrents as well as pools, and are typically associated with marginal vegetation, including clumps of submerged
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F08FF97765DF80AF7F6F872" ID-CoL="8W3GB" box="[1340,1428,1992,2017]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Scirpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="43" pageNumber="682" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F08FF97765DF80AF7F6F872" box="[1340,1428,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="682">Scirpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; they feed as leaf detritivores. The long, slender, curved, tapered case is made entirely of darkened silk except for some transverse rows of small sand grains towards the posterior end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0FFF9073F6FECDF392FD71" blockId="44.[151,1437,271,738]" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9073F6FECDF376FEBA" ID-CoL="76F" box="[151,276,271,297]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9073F6FECDF376FEBA" bold="true" box="[151,276,271,297]" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Beraeidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This small family, established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF9071B1FED2F1D6FEB9" author="Wallengren" box="[720,948,272,298]" pageId="44" pageNumber="696" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1891) Skandinaviens Neuroptera. Andra afdelningen. Svenska Akademien Handlingar, 24, 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1891">Wallengren (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is comprised of 7 genera and about 50 species. It reaches its greatest diversity in the western Palearctic region, where 5 genera occur (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907626FEFAF366FEE9" ID-CoL="39LD" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" genus="Beraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907626FEFAF7F9FEC2" box="[1351,1435,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Beraea</emphasis>
|
||
Stephens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907270FEA2F060FEE9" ID-CoL="62GJS" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[273,514,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" genus="Beraeamyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907270FEA2F3FDFEEA" box="[273,415,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Beraeamyia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907171FEA2F165FEE9" ID-CoL="62S2L" authority="Wallengren" authorityName="Wallengren" box="[528,775,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" genus="Ernodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907171FEA2F010FEEA" box="[528,626,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Ernodes</emphasis>
|
||
Wallengren
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907075FEA2F182FEE9" ID-CoL="39LF" authority="Eaton" authorityName="Eaton" box="[788,992,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" genus="Beraeodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907075FEA2F1F2FEEA" box="[788,912,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Beraeodes</emphasis>
|
||
Eaton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907740FEA2F76CFEE9" ID-CoL="39LG" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[1057,1294,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" genus="Beraeodina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907740FEA2F6C8FEEA" box="[1057,1194,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Beraeodina</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter 2 monotypic). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9072D5FE4AF06BFE32" ID-CoL="39LD" box="[436,521,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" genus="Beraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9072D5FE4AF06BFE32" box="[436,521,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Beraea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs in eastern North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF90700DFE4AF1B6FE31" box="[876,980,392,418]" name="United States of America" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where 3 species are known. A single genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF90738BFE72F3E2FE5A" ID-CoL="65D2" box="[234,384,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" genus="Notoernodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF90738BFE72F3E2FE5A" box="[234,384,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Notoernodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with 2 species, occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF9071D2FE72F140FE59" box="[691,802,432,458]" name="Tanzania" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Elsewhere the family is found only in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF90778DFE72F750FE59" box="[1260,1330,432,458]" name="Japan" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where it is represented by the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907291FE1AF1F7FE61" ID-CoL="63F5T" authority="Botosaneanu, Nozaki" authorityName="Botosaneanu, Nozaki" box="[496,917,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" genus="Nippoberaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907291FE1AF0EBFE62" box="[496,649,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Nippoberaea</emphasis>
|
||
Botosaneanu, Nozaki
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, & Kagaya, containing a single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9076E0FE1AF386FD89" ID-CoL="73ZGQ" authority="Nozaki & Kagaya" authorityName="Nozaki & Kagaya" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" genus="Nippoberaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9076E0FE1AF7F6FE62" box="[1409,1428,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">N</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9073F6FDC2F292FD8A" box="[151,240,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Nozaki & Kagaya)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most beraeid larvae build slightly to strongly tapered cases of small sand grains and live in springs, seeps, and small streams, usually among aquatic mosses, leaf litter deposits, roots of emergent plants, and other dense, marginal vegetation or in the marginal organic sediments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF9077B9FD92F7EDFDF9" author="Hamilton" box="[1240,1423,592,618]" pageId="44" pageNumber="689" refString="Hamilton, S. W. (1985) The larva and pupa of Beraea gorteba Ross (Trichoptera: Beraeidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 87, 783 - 789." type="journal article" year="1985">Hamilton 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Gut contents of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907232FDBAF028FD01" ID-CoL="LJBH" authority="Ross" authorityName="Ross" box="[339,586,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" genus="Beraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gorteba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907232FDBAF068FD02" box="[339,522,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Beraea gorteba</emphasis>
|
||
Ross
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southeastern North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF907037FDBAF1D9FD01" box="[854,955,632,658]" name="United States of America" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
included small pieces of vascular plants, fungal mycelia, and other organic material, but no animal parts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF9070F1FD62F625FD29" author="Hamilton" box="[912,1095,672,698]" pageId="44" pageNumber="689" refString="Hamilton, S. W. (1985) The larva and pupa of Beraea gorteba Ross (Trichoptera: Beraeidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 87, 783 - 789." type="journal article" year="1985">Hamilton 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), foodstuffs probably typical of most species in the family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0FFF9073F6FCD5F6DDFA19" blockId="44.[151,1437,791,1418]" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9073F6FCD5F371FCA2" ID-CoL="7KZ" box="[151,275,791,817]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9073F6FCD5F371FCA2" bold="true" box="[151,275,791,817]" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Calocidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: This is another family, endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF9071BBFCDAF124FCA1" box="[730,838,792,818]" name="Australia" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF9070E5FCDAF645FCA1" box="[900,1063,792,818]" name="New Zealand" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF90778BFCDAF718FCA1" author="Ross" box="[1258,1402,792,818]" pageId="44" pageNumber="694" refString="Ross, H. H. (1967) The evolution and past dispersal of the Trichoptera. Annual Review of Entomology, 12, 169 - 206." type="journal article" year="1967">Ross (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to accommodate genera originally placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9071E7FC82F131FCC9" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[646,851,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907001FC82F1BAFCC9" ID-CoL="76F" box="[864,984,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beraeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907764FC82F6D4FCC9" ID-CoL="DHW" box="[1029,1206,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontoceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As with other new families established in this paper, Ross gave no family diagnosis or indication of included genera. In the same paper, he placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF90720BFC52F092FC39" ID-CoL="4QM4C" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[362,752,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" genus="Pycnocentrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eruensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF90720BFC52F0EBFC3A" box="[362,649,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Pycnocentrella eruensis</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF90777AFC52F6F1FC39" ID-CoL="76F" box="[1051,1171,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beraeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in his newly created family Pycnocentrellidae, later synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF90719DFC7AF113FC41" ID-CoL="7KZ" box="[764,881,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calocidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF9070C7FC7AF603FC41" author="Neboiss" box="[934,1121,952,978]" pageId="44" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (1977) A taxonomic and zoogeographic study of Tasmanian caddis flies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 38, 1 - 208, plates 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1977">Neboiss (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF9077CBFC7AF729FC41" box="[1194,1355,952,978]" name="New Zealand" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9073F6FC22F3E5FC69" ID-CoL="SB7" authority="Wise" authorityName="Wise" box="[151,391,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" genus="Alloecentrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9073F6FC22F35FFC6A" box="[151,317,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Alloecentrella</emphasis>
|
||
Wise
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907110FC22F084FC69" ID-CoL="76F" box="[625,742,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beraeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and at times included in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907737FC22F691FC69" ID-CoL="624PZ" box="[1110,1267,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Helicophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was formally transferred from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907208FBCAF3BCFBB1" ID-CoL="7KZ" box="[361,478,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calocidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF90716EFBCAF0CEFBB1" ID-CoL="624PZ" box="[527,684,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Helicophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF907183FBCAF624FBB1" author="Henderson" box="[738,1094,1032,1058]" pageId="44" pageNumber="689" refString="Henderson, I. M. & Ward, J. B. (2007) Three new species in the endemic New Zealand genus Alloecentrella (Trichoptera), and a re-evaluation of its family placement. Aquatic Insects, 29, 79 - 96." type="journal article" year="2007">Henderson and Ward (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; their phylogenetic analysis revealed its close affinity to other helicophid genera. In its present composition, the family now contains 6 genera endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF9072E2FB9AF38CFBE1" box="[387,494,1112,1138]" name="Australia" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907165FB9AF0ACFBE1" ID-CoL="62JJG" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[516,718,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" genus="Caenota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907165FB9AF005FBE2" box="[516,615,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Caenota</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9071BFFB9AF1F8FBE1" ID-CoL="3FRZ" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[734,922,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" genus="Caloca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9071BFFB9AF151FBE2" box="[734,819,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Caloca</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9070CBFB9AF6F9FBE1" ID-CoL="3FSX" authority="Neboiss" authorityName="Neboiss" box="[938,1179,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" genus="Calocoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9070CBFB9AF64CFBE2" box="[938,1070,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Calocoides</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9077CAFB9AF7FAFBE1" ID-CoL="6SZ4" authority="Neboiss" authorityName="Neboiss" box="[1195,1432,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" genus="Pliocaloca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9077CAFB9AF748FBE2" box="[1195,1322,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Pliocaloca</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9073F6FB42F33FFB09" ID-CoL="7S9Y" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[151,349,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" genus="Tamasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9073F6FB42F29EFB0A" box="[151,252,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Tamasia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and 1 endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF90715AFB42F0B5FB09" box="[571,727,1152,1178]" name="New Zealand" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907189FB42F1FBFB0A" ID-CoL="6437S" box="[744,921,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" genus="Pycnocentrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907189FB42F1FBFB0A" box="[744,921,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Pycnocentrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with a total of 19 species. One Tasmanian species is terrestrial and lives under moss and leaf litter in wet sclerophyll forest, but others occur in small, woodland streams among plant roots and accumulations of detritus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF907085FB12F6EEFB79" author="Jackson" box="[996,1164,1232,1258]" pageId="44" pageNumber="690" refString="Jackson, J. E. (1998) Preliminary guide to the identification of late instar larvae of Australian Calocidae, Helicophidae and Conoesucidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology Identification Guide, 16, 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1998">Jackson 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF9077FCFB12F725FB79" author="Neboiss" box="[1181,1351,1232,1258]" pageId="44" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (1979) A terrestrial caddis-fly larva from Tasmania (Calocidae: Trichoptera). Australian Entomological Magazine, 5, 90 - 93." type="journal article" year="1979">Neboiss 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They construct slightly curved and tapered cylindrical cases of small rock fragments or somewhat flattened cases of 2 dorsal and 2 ventral rows of leaf material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF9071FEFAE2F126FAA9" author="Jackson" box="[671,836,1312,1338]" pageId="44" pageNumber="690" refString="Jackson, J. E. (1998) Preliminary guide to the identification of late instar larvae of Australian Calocidae, Helicophidae and Conoesucidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology Identification Guide, 16, 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1998">Jackson 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults are small to rather large (forewing lengths
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B741F0FFF9073F6FA8AF361FAF1" box="[151,259,1352,1378]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="5.0">5-14 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and have dark forewings patterned with irregular white spots. In males of some genera, the antennal scape has expandable lobes and the head bears long, expandable filaments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF90776DFAB2F6D0FA19" author="Neboiss" box="[1036,1202,1392,1418]" pageId="44" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (1986) Atlas of Trichoptera of the SW Pacific-Australian Region. Series Entomologica, 37, Dr W. Junk, Dordrecht." type="journal volume" year="1986">Neboiss 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0FFF9173F6FA7DF1A9FEC1" blockId="44.[151,1437,1471,2018]" lastBlockId="45.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="684" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9073F6FA7DF32BFA4A" ID-CoL="82F" box="[151,329,1471,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9073F6FA7DF32BFA4A" bold="true" box="[151,329,1471,1497]" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Chathamiidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The family was first described as a subfamily within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907081FA02F6FAFA49" ID-CoL="FR8" box="[992,1176,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhyacophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF9077A6FA02F71FFA49" author="Tillyard" box="[1223,1405,1472,1498]" pageId="44" pageNumber="695" refString="Tillyard, R. J. (1925) Caddis-flies (Order Trichoptera) from the Chatham Islands. Records of the Canterbury Museum, 2, 277 - 284." type="journal article" year="1925">Tillyard (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to accommodate the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9072A6FA2AF120F991" ID-CoL="TQHB" authority="Tillyard" authorityName="Tillyard" box="[455,834,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" genus="Chathamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9072A6FA2AF0BBF992" box="[455,729,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Chathamia brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Tillyard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species endemic to the Chatham Islands, a group of 10 small islands
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B741F0FFF9072E5F9D2F382F9B9" box="[388,480,1552,1578]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" unit="km" value="800.0">800 km</quantity>
|
||
east of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF907123F9D2F087F9B9" box="[578,741,1552,1578]" name="New Zealand" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It was later moved to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF90774BF9D2F6DBF9B9" ID-CoL="82F" box="[1066,1209,1552,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Philanisidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF90778BF9D2F7E2F9B9" author="Wise" box="[1258,1408,1552,1578]" pageId="44" pageNumber="698" refString="Wise, K. A. J. (1965) An annotated list of aquatic and semi-aquatic insects of New Zealand. Pacific Insects, 7, 191 - 216." type="journal article" year="1965">Wise (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a family erected by Mosely (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF90729EF9FAF157F9C1" author="Mosely" box="[511,821,1592,1618]" pageId="44" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. & Kimmins, D. E. (1953) The Trichoptera of Australia and New Zealand. British Museum (Natural History), London, 550 pp." type="book" year="1953">Mosely & Kimmins 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to accommodate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907775F9FAF73DF9C1" ID-CoL="76YFL" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[1044,1375,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" genus="Philanisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plebeius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907775F9FAF69EF9C2" box="[1044,1276,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Philanisus plebeius</emphasis>
|
||
Walker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF90725EF9A2F39DF9E9" ID-CoL="B8X" box="[319,511,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydropsychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and later included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF90704CF9A2F195F9E9" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[813,1015,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF907754F9A2F690F9E9" author="Ulmer" box="[1077,1266,1632,1658]" pageId="44" pageNumber="696" refString="Ulmer, G. (1907 b) Trichoptera, in Wytsman, P. (Ed.). Genera Insectorum, 60, 1 - 259." type="book chapter" year="1907" yearSuffix="b">Ulmer (1907b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF907667F9A2F7FEF9E9" author="Riek" box="[1286,1436,1632,1658]" pageId="44" pageNumber="694" refString="Riek, E. F. (1976) The marine caddisfly family Chathamiidae (Trichoptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 15, 405 - 419." type="journal article" year="1976">Riek (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF90725BF94AF3ABF931" ID-CoL="82F" box="[314,457,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Philanisidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF90716BF94AF0CFF931" ID-CoL="82F" box="[522,685,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chathamiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and provided a comprehensive review of the family, including a discussion of phylogeny and the description of 2 new species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF9070CCF972F628F959" author="Ward" box="[941,1098,1712,1738]" pageId="44" pageNumber="696" refString="Ward, J. B. (1995) Nine new species of New Zealand caddis (Trichoptera). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 22, 91 - 103." type="journal article" year="1995">Ward (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a 3rd species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9073F6F91AF371F962" ID-CoL="6NBN" box="[151,275,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" genus="Philanisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9073F6F91AF371F962" box="[151,275,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Philanisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such that the family contains 5 species, distributed as follows:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907741F91AF7F9F961" ID-CoL="TQHB" authority="Tillyard" authorityName="Tillyard" box="[1056,1435,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" genus="Chathamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907741F91AF756F962" box="[1056,1332,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Chathamia brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Tillyard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Chatham Islands),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9072EEF8C2F0FFF889" ID-CoL="TQHC" authority="Riek" authorityName="Riek" box="[399,669,1792,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" genus="Chathamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9072EEF8C2F3C0F88A" box="[399,418,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9072DAF8C2F034F88A" box="[443,598,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">integripennis</emphasis>
|
||
Riek
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF9071D7F8C2F100F889" box="[694,866,1792,1818]" name="New Zealand" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF90701EF8C2F6B1F889" ID-CoL="76YFL" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[895,1235,1792,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" genus="Philanisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plebeius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF90701EF8C2F60CF88A" box="[895,1134,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Philanisus plebeius</emphasis>
|
||
Walker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF90778DF8C2F7FAF889" box="[1260,1432,1792,1818]" name="New Zealand" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF90726AF8EAF319F8D1" box="[267,379,1832,1858]" name="Australia" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF9072EFF8EAF036F8D1" ID-CoL="4G4WS" authority="Riek" authorityName="Riek" box="[398,596,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" genus="Philanisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9072EFF8EAF3C2F8D2" box="[398,416,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9072CFF8EAF074F8D2" box="[430,534,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
Riek
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kermadec Islands, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B741F0FFF90700FF8EAF1B7F8D1" box="[878,981,1832,1858]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" unit="km" value="1000.0">1000 km</quantity>
|
||
NNE of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF90775FF8EAF682F8D1" box="[1086,1248,1832,1858]" name="New Zealand" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907645F8EAF2BAF8F9" ID-CoL="4G4WT" authority="Ward" authorityName="Ward" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" genus="Philanisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mataua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907645F8EAF754F8D2" box="[1316,1334,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907625F8EAF7FEF8D2" box="[1348,1436,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">mataua</emphasis>
|
||
Ward
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0FFF907389F892F3EEF8F9" box="[232,396,1872,1898]" name="New Zealand" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Ulmer (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF90717AF892F128F8F9" author="Mosely" box="[539,842,1872,1898]" pageId="44" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. & Kimmins, D. E. (1953) The Trichoptera of Australia and New Zealand. British Museum (Natural History), London, 550 pp." type="book" year="1953">Mosely & Kimmins 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0FFF907701F892F681F8FA" ID-CoL="76YFL" box="[1120,1251,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Chathamiidae" genus="Philanisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="683" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plebeius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF907701F892F610F8FA" box="[1120,1138,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0FFF9077E0F892F681F8FA" box="[1153,1251,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="683">plebeius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, long known to inhabit marine intertidal rock pools (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF90712DF8BAF093F801" author="Hudson" box="[588,753,1912,1938]" pageId="44" pageNumber="689" refString="Hudson, G. V. (1904) New Zealand Neuroptera. A popular introduction to the life and habits of may-flies, dragon-flies, caddis-flies and allied insects inhabiting New Zealand, including notes on their relation to angling. West, Newman and Co., London, 102 pp." type="book" year="1904">Hudson 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it was not until the late 1970s when the remarkable biology and life-history of the species was fully revealed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF907034F862F6B5F829" author="Anderson" box="[853,1239,1952,1978]" pageId="44" pageNumber="687" refString="Anderson, D. T. & Lawson-Kerr, C. (1977) The embryonic development of the marine caddis fly, Philanisus plebeius Walker (Trichoptera: Chathamiidae). Biological Bulletin, 153, 98 - 105." type="journal article" year="1977">Anderson & Lawson-Kerr 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0FFF907787F862F32DF871" author="Winterbourn" pageId="44" pageNumber="697" refString="Winterbourn, M. J. & Anderson, N. H. (1980) The life history of Philanisus plebeius Walker (Trichoptera: Chathamiidae), a caddisfly whose eggs were found in a starfish. Ecological Entomology, 5, 293 - 303." type="journal article" year="1980">Winterbourn & Anderson 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larvae and pupae of the species, and assumed all members of the family, are among the very few fully marine insects. The females oviposit through the papular pores of intertidal starfish where the eggs undergo embryonic development. After hatching, the 1st instar larvae leave the starfish through the same pores and construct cases of calcareous algae. Larvae feed on non-calcareous Rhodophyceae. Adult females have long oviscapts, probably facilitating the insertion of eggs in the starfish. Adults of the Chatham Island species are brachypterous, but those of other species are fully winged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0EFF9173F6FE45F1FEFC11" blockId="45.[151,1437,391,898]" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9173F6FE45F321FE32" ID-CoL="8HV" box="[151,323,391,417]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9173F6FE45F321FE32" bold="true" box="[151,323,391,417]" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Conoesucidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF91723CFE4AF394FE31" author="Ross" box="[349,502,392,418]" pageId="45" pageNumber="694" refString="Ross, H. H. (1967) The evolution and past dispersal of the Trichoptera. Annual Review of Entomology, 12, 169 - 206." type="journal article" year="1967">Ross (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established the subfamily Conoesucinae within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9177FFFE4AF70AFE31" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[1182,1384,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for Australasian genera with “atrophied” scutal warts, but he did not name the included genera or offer any other diagnosis. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF917204FE1AF079FE61" author="Neboiss" box="[357,539,472,498]" pageId="45" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (1977) A taxonomic and zoogeographic study of Tasmanian caddis flies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 38, 1 - 208, plates 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1977">Neboiss (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
elevated the subfamily to family status, provided a detailed diagnosis, and included 6 Australasian genera in the family, all formerly included in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917721FDC2F76CFD89" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[1088,1294,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additional sericostomatid genera have been transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9171BCFDEAF1E3FDD1" ID-CoL="8HV" box="[733,897,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Conoesucidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
such that the family now contains a dozen genera and ca. 40 species, endemic to either southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF9170E1FD92F189FDF9" box="[896,1003,592,618]" name="Australia" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Tasmania (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9177DEFD92F7F5FDF9" ID-CoL="3S2K" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[1215,1431,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Coenoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9177DEFD92F74CFDFA" box="[1215,1326,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Coenoria</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9173F6FDBAF3EBFD01" ID-CoL="3TCH" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[151,393,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Conoesucus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9173F6FDBAF347FD02" box="[151,293,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Conoesucus</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9172F6FDBAF039FD01" ID-CoL="62NF8" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[407,603,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Costora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9172F6FDBAF397FD02" box="[407,501,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Costora</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917108FDBAF146FD01" ID-CoL="4T6T" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[617,804,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Hampa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917108FDBAF0DDFD02" box="[617,703,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Hampa</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917052FDBAF194FD01" ID-CoL="62YC3" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[819,1014,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Lingora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917052FDBAF1F3FD02" box="[819,913,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Lingora</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917765FDBAF6AAFD01" ID-CoL="5LYH" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[1028,1224,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Matasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917765FDBAF606FD02" box="[1028,1124,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Matasia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF91779DFDBAF7F9FD01" box="[1276,1435,632,658]" name="New Zealand" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9173C0FD62F3F7FD29" ID-CoL="39LH" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[161,405,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Beraeoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9173C0FD62F356FD2A" box="[161,308,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Beraeoptera</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9172C0FD62F03CFD29" ID-CoL="62MVM" authority="Wise" authorityName="Wise" box="[417,606,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Confluens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9172C0FD62F07AFD2A" box="[417,536,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Confluens</emphasis>
|
||
Wise
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF91710BFD62F129FD29" ID-CoL="67S8" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[618,843,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Olinga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF91710BFD62F0DEFD2A" box="[618,700,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Olinga</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917037FD62F602FD29" ID-CoL="6LKK" authority="McFarlane" authorityName="McFarlane" box="[854,1120,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Periwinkla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917037FD62F1B5FD2A" box="[854,983,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Periwinkla</emphasis>
|
||
McFarlane
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF91770DFD62F7FAFD29" ID-CoL="75NF" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[1132,1432,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Pycnocentria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF91770DFD62F76BFD2A" box="[1132,1289,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Pycnocentria</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9173F6FD0AF3DDFD71" ID-CoL="75NG" authority="Tillyard" authorityName="Tillyard" box="[151,447,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Pycnocentrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9173F6FD0AF330FD72" box="[151,338,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Pycnocentrodes</emphasis>
|
||
Tillyard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The larvae live in small, cool, fast-flowing streams where they feed on leaf litter detritus, algae, and moss. Their cases are made of sand, small rocks, plant parts, or silk; cases are tubular and only slightly curved. Adult males have shortened, membranous maxillary palps that are held out in front of the face.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF9173B9FC82F310FCC9" author="Ward" box="[216,370,832,858]" pageId="45" pageNumber="696" refString="Ward, J. B. (1995) Nine new species of New Zealand caddis (Trichoptera). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 22, 91 - 103." type="journal article" year="1995">Ward (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that adults of a
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF9171C3FC82F123FCC9" box="[674,833,832,858]" name="New Zealand" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9170ABFC82F605FCCA" ID-CoL="75NF" box="[970,1127,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" genus="Pycnocentria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9170ABFC82F605FCCA" box="[970,1127,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Pycnocentria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were common and active during hot summer days on streamside sedges, herbs, and grasses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0EFF9173F6FC75F0E0F8D1" blockId="45.[151,1437,951,1858]" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9173F6FC75F359FC42" ID-CoL="624PZ" box="[151,315,951,977]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9173F6FC75F359FC42" bold="true" box="[151,315,951,977]" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Helicophidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The helicophids are a small family of caddisflies found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF91776CFC7AF61EFC41" box="[1037,1148,952,978]" name="Australia" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF9177E9FC7AF74BFC41" box="[1160,1321,952,978]" name="New Zealand" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and now
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF9173F6FC22F332FC69" box="[151,336,992,1018]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
as well as austral South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF9171E9FC22F08FFC69" box="[648,749,992,1018]" name="United States of America" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF917013FC22F1D0FC69" box="[882,946,992,1018]" name="Chile" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF91773EFC22F6BBFC69" box="[1119,1241,992,1018]" name="Argentina" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
), one of several caddisfly families showing this trans-Antarctic biogeographical distribution pattern. The family was created by Mosely (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF917224FBF2F0EAFBD9" author="Mosely" box="[325,648,1072,1098]" pageId="45" pageNumber="693" refString="Mosely, M. E. & Kimmins, D. E. (1953) The Trichoptera of Australia and New Zealand. British Museum (Natural History), London, 550 pp." type="book" year="1953">Mosely and Kimmins 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to accommodate a new genus and 2 new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917780FBF2F28DFBE1" ID-CoL="3K92Y" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Helicopha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917780FBF2F7FEFBDA" box="[1249,1436,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Helicopha astia</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917248FB9AF069FBE1" ID-CoL="3K932" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[297,523,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Helicopha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hortena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917248FB9AF35CFBE2" box="[297,318,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF91722CFB9AF3CAFBE2" box="[333,424,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">hortena</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both from New South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF917041FB9AF10FFBE1" box="[800,877,1112,1138]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Additional genera have been transferred to the family from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917255FB42F3CEFB09" ID-CoL="76F" box="[308,428,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beraeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9172DCFB42F057FB09" ID-CoL="7KZ" box="[445,565,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calocidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF91711DFB42F124FB09" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[636,838,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and described within the family itself, the most recent of these being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9172F3FB6AF0BBFB51" authority="Johanson and Ward" authorityName="Johanson and Ward" box="[402,729,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Briama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9172F3FB6AF388FB52" box="[402,490,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Briama</emphasis>
|
||
Johanson and Ward
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF917040FB6AF1B5FB51" box="[801,983,1192,1218]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917770FB6AF763FB51" authority="Neboiss" authorityName="Neboiss" box="[1041,1281,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Heloccabus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917770FB6AF6F9FB52" box="[1041,1179,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Heloccabus</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF9173F6FB12F364FB79" box="[151,262,1232,1258]" name="Australia" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the later placed provisionally in the family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF91706EFB12F645FB79" author="Johanson" box="[783,1063,1232,1258]" pageId="45" pageNumber="690" refString="Johanson, K. A. & Ward, J. B. (2001) Four new species and a new genus of Trichoptera (Helicophidae) from New Caledonia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 28, 247 - 255." type="journal article" year="2001">Johanson & Ward 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF917752FB12F6BAFB79" author="Neboiss" box="[1075,1240,1232,1258]" pageId="45" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (2002) A family problem with placement of Heloccabus buccinatus gen. nov. & sp. nov., an Australian caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera). Nova Supplementa Entomologica (Proceedings of the 10 th International Symposium on Trichoptera), 15, 195 - 204." type="journal article" year="2002">Neboiss 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the endemic
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF917262FB3AF3C3FA81" box="[259,417,1272,1298]" name="New Zealand" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917296FB3AF0FFFA82" ID-CoL="SB7" box="[503,669,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" genus="Alloecentrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917296FB3AF0FFFA82" box="[503,669,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Alloecentrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was just transferred to the family from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917718FB3AF68CFA81" ID-CoL="7KZ" box="[1145,1262,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calocidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF91767CFB3AF332FAA9" author="Henderson" pageId="45" pageNumber="689" refString="Henderson, I. M. & Ward, J. B. (2007) Three new species in the endemic New Zealand genus Alloecentrella (Trichoptera), and a re-evaluation of its family placement. Aquatic Insects, 29, 79 - 96." type="journal article" year="2007">Henderson & Ward (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Thus, the current accounting of the 11 genera in the family, for a total of about 35 species, is as follows:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917245FA8AF017FAF1" ID-CoL="SB6" authority="Banks" authorityName="Banks" box="[292,629,1352,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Alloecella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917245FA8AF3F8FAF2" box="[292,410,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Alloecella</emphasis>
|
||
Banks (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF91729AFA8AF00FFAF1" box="[507,621,1352,1378]" name="Australia" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9171E1FA8AF10BFAF1" ID-CoL="SB7" authority="Wise" authorityName="Wise" box="[640,873,1352,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Calocidae" genus="Alloecentrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9171E1FA8AF144FAF2" box="[640,806,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Alloecentrella</emphasis>
|
||
Wise
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF917019FA8AF679FAF1" box="[888,1051,1352,1378]" name="New Zealand" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF91774EFA8AF7F4FAF1" ID-CoL="SB8" authority="Flint" authorityName="Flint" box="[1071,1430,1352,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Alloecentrellodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF91774EFA8AF69EFAF2" box="[1071,1276,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Alloecentrellodes</emphasis>
|
||
Flint (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF91762BFA8AF7EDFAF1" box="[1354,1423,1352,1378]" name="Chile" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9173F6FAB2F3C1FA19" ID-CoL="3689" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[151,419,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Austrocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9173F6FAB2F359FA1A" box="[151,315,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Austrocentrus</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF9172D9FAB2F050FA19" box="[440,562,1392,1418]" name="Argentina" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF917125FAB2F0E5FA19" box="[580,647,1392,1418]" name="Chile" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9171C3FAB2F19EFA19" authority="Johanson and Ward" authorityName="Johanson and Ward" box="[674,1020,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Briama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9171C3FAB2F098FA1A" box="[674,762,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Briama</emphasis>
|
||
Johanson and Ward
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF917770FAB2F6B6FA19" box="[1041,1236,1392,1418]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF91778FFAB2F293FA21" ID-CoL="4CL3" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Eosericostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF91778FFAB2F7FEFA1A" box="[1262,1436,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Eosericostoma</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF917260FA5AF319FA21" box="[257,379,1432,1458]" name="Argentina" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF9172E9FA5AF3AEFA21" box="[392,460,1432,1458]" name="Chile" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917283FA5AF0DEFA21" ID-CoL="635L4" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[482,700,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Helicopha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917283FA5AF03EFA22" box="[482,604,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Helicopha</emphasis>
|
||
Mosely
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF9171ACFA5AF15FFA21" box="[717,829,1432,1458]" name="Australia" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF91702BFA5AF664FA21" box="[842,1030,1432,1458]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF91777AFA5AF7F5FA21" authority="Neboiss" authorityName="Neboiss" box="[1051,1431,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Heloccabus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF91777AFA5AF6C4FA22" box="[1051,1190,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Heloccabus</emphasis>
|
||
Neboiss (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF91767FFA5AF7EDFA21" box="[1310,1423,1432,1458]" name="Australia" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9173F6FA02F07AFA49" ID-CoL="5SJW" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[151,536,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Microthremma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9173F6FA02F325FA4A" box="[151,327,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Microthremma</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF9172AAFA02F072FA49" box="[459,528,1472,1498]" name="Chile" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF91714FFA02F181FA49" ID-CoL="73JD" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[558,995,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Pseudosericostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF91714FFA02F170FA4A" box="[558,786,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Pseudosericostoma</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF9170F6FA02F1BEFA49" box="[919,988,1472,1498]" name="Chile" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917754FA02F728FA49" ID-CoL="63WXY" authority="McFarlane" authorityName="McFarlane" box="[1077,1354,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Zelolessica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917754FA02F6DBFA4A" box="[1077,1209,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Zelolessica</emphasis>
|
||
McFarlane
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0EFF917602FA02F299F991" name="New Zealand" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF91726CFA2AF386F991" author="Henderson" box="[269,484,1512,1538]" pageId="45" pageNumber="689" refString="Henderson, I. M. & Ward, J. B. (2007) Three new species in the endemic New Zealand genus Alloecentrella (Trichoptera), and a re-evaluation of its family placement. Aquatic Insects, 29, 79 - 96." type="journal article" year="2007">Henderson (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF91728EFA2AF0A3F991" author="Johanson" box="[495,705,1512,1538]" pageId="45" pageNumber="690" refString="Johanson, K. A. (2003 a) Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Helicopha Mosely (Trichoptera: Helicophidae), with description of five new species from New Caledonia. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 34, 131 - 151." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Johanson (2003a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF91719CFA2AF1D2F991" author="Neboiss" box="[765,944,1512,1538]" pageId="45" pageNumber="693" refString="Neboiss, A. (2002) A family problem with placement of Heloccabus buccinatus gen. nov. & sp. nov., an Australian caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera). Nova Supplementa Entomologica (Proceedings of the 10 th International Symposium on Trichoptera), 15, 195 - 204." type="journal article" year="2002">Neboiss (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied phylogenetic relationships among some members of the family; interestingly Henderson & Ward’s (2007) cladogram did not group
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917673F9D2F7FFF9BA" box="[1298,1437,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Heloccabus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF917673F9D2F7FFF9BA" box="[1298,1437,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Heloccabus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with other helicophids included in their data matrix. The current placement of many genera in the family is equivocal and a revision of the entire family and others in the Sericostomatoidea is needed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF91779EF9A2F7F2F9E9" author="Flint" box="[1279,1424,1632,1658]" pageId="45" pageNumber="688" refString="Flint, O. S., Jr. (1992 a) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XLIX: the taxonomy and relationships of the genus Eosericostoma, with descriptions of the immature stages (Trichoptera: Helicophidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 494 - 511." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Flint 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Helicophid larvae build tubular cases of sand grains, plant material, including almost entirely of pieces of moss, or entirely of silk; some Chilean species construct broad, flat cases of small mineral fragments. They live in clear, fast flowing, forested streams and spring runs, often associated with aquatic moss. Adults of many species are small, rare, and infrequently collected, although those of the Chilean genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF91778FF8C2F7FEF88A" ID-CoL="4CL3" box="[1262,1436,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Eosericostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF91778FF8C2F7FEF88A" box="[1262,1436,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Eosericostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are common and widespread (Flint 1992).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0EFF9273F6F8B5F05BFBB1" blockId="45.[151,1437,1911,2018]" lastBlockId="46.[151,1437,152,1058]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="685" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF9173F6F8B5F301F802" ID-CoL="6252B" box="[151,355,1911,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0EFF9173F6F8B5F301F802" bold="true" box="[151,355,1911,1937]" pageId="45" pageNumber="684">Helicopsychidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The snail-case caddisflies of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917014F8BAF65AF801" ID-CoL="6252B" box="[885,1080,1912,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Helicopsychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were first recognized as the subfamily Helicopsychinae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0EFF917168F862F0B1F829" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[521,723,1952,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="684" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF917066F862F1C8F829" author="Ulmer" box="[775,938,1952,1978]" pageId="45" pageNumber="695" refString="Ulmer, G. (1906) Neuer beitrag zur kenntnis außereuropaischer Trichopteren. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 28, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1906">Ulmer (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and were retained there by a number of European workers well into the 1950s, most notably Ulmer himself (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF9170BEF80AF614F871" author="Ulmer" box="[991,1142,1992,2018]" pageId="45" pageNumber="696" refString="Ulmer, G. (1955) Kocherfliegen (Trichopteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Teil II. Larven und Puppen der Integripalpia. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement, 21, 408 - 608." type="journal article" year="1955">Ulmer 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0EFF9177ECF80AF77DF871" author="Ross" box="[1165,1311,1992,2018]" pageId="45" pageNumber="694" refString="Ross, H. H. (1944) The caddisflies or Trichoptera of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 23, 1 - 326." type="journal article" year="1944">Ross (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and other American workers considered the group a distinct family, reflecting its current status. As presently constituted, the family contains only 2 genera, the cosmopolitan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9270C4FF02F621FF4A" ID-CoL="62TKW" box="[933,1091,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" genus="Helicopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9270C4FF02F621FF4A" box="[933,1091,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Helicopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
von Siebold with about 250 species, and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF927213FF2AF07AFE91" box="[370,536,232,258]" name="New Zealand" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
endemic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF927190FF2AF183FE91" ID-CoL="76VG" authority="McFarlane" authorityName="McFarlane" box="[753,993,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" genus="Rakiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF927190FF2AF12DFE92" box="[753,847,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Rakiura</emphasis>
|
||
McFarlane
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF92767BFF2AF3ECFEB9" ID-CoL="4RB5G" authority="McFarlane. Several" authorityName="McFarlane. Several" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" genus="Rakiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF92767BFF2AF7F9FE92" box="[1306,1435,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">R. vernale</emphasis>
|
||
McFarlane. Several
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
previously recognized genera, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9270A8FED2F7F5FEB9" authority="Muller (Neotropical)" authorityName="Muller (Neotropical" box="[969,1431,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" genus="Cochliopsyche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9270A8FED2F617FEBA" box="[969,1141,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Cochliopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Müller (Neotropical)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9273F6FEFAF344FEC2" box="[151,294,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Petrotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Ulmer (Afrotropical, including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF9271FDFEFAF148FEC1" box="[668,810,312,338]" name="Madagascar" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF9270EDFEFAF66EFEC1" box="[908,1036,312,338]" name="Seychelles" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but absent from southern Africa), and
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9273B2FEA2F300FEEA" box="[211,354,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Saetotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Brauer (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF9272BFFEA2F02CFEE9" box="[478,590,352,378]" name="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF927105FEA2F16CFEE9" box="[612,782,352,378]" name="New Zealand" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF927044FEA2F189FEE9" box="[805,1003,352,378]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), were relegated as subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9273F6FE4AF357FE32" ID-CoL="62TKW" box="[151,309,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" genus="Helicopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9273F6FE4AF357FE32" box="[151,309,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Helicopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF927212FE4AF020FE31" author="Johanson" box="[371,578,392,418]" pageId="46" pageNumber="690" refString="Johanson, K. A. (1998) Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the family Helicopsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement, 53, 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1998">Johanson (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In the same paper, Johanson described 2 additional subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9273F6FE72F092FE59" ID-CoL="62TKW" authority="Feropsyche (Nearctic, Neotropical)" authorityName="Feropsyche (Nearctic, Neotropical" box="[151,752,432,458]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" genus="Helicopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9273F6FE72F357FE5A" box="[151,309,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Helicopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF927229FE72F3B3FE5A" box="[328,465,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Feropsyche</emphasis>
|
||
(Nearctic, Neotropical)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF927050FE72F1AAFE5A" box="[817,968,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Galeopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF9270BDFE72F64AFE59" box="[988,1064,432,458]" name="South Korea" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF927759FE72F6C0FE59" box="[1080,1186,432,458]" name="Vietnam" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The nominotypical subgenus occurs in the Palearctic and Oriental regions. As a whole the family is poorly represented in the Northern Hemisphere, but reaches its greatest diversity in the tropics of the Old and New Worlds (Johanson 1997); the Neotropics alone hosts about 100 species. Larvae of the genus are the familiar and remarkable snail-case builders. These helical, sand grain cases are so similar to snails that early workers described these insects as molluscs.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF9272EBFDBAF06EFD01" author="Lea" box="[394,524,632,658]" pageId="46" pageNumber="691" refString="Lea, I. (1834) Observations on the Naiades, and descriptions of new species of that and other families. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 4, 63 - 121." type="journal article" year="1834">Lea (1834)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
went so far as to say of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF927056FDBAF66AFD02" box="[823,1032,632,657]" class="Gastropoda" family="Valvatidae" genus="Valvata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arenifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF927056FDBAF66AFD02" box="[823,1032,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Valvata arenifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF92774DFDBAF751FD02" ID-CoL="7VC96" box="[1068,1331,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" genus="Helicopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF92774DFDBAF751FD02" box="[1068,1331,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Helicopsyche borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), “It has the singular property of strengthening its whirls by the agglutination of particles of sand, and by which it is entirely covered.” While all helical, there is great diversity in the height of cases, the number and openness of the whorls, the size of mineral material, and the amount of silk incorporated. All helicopsychid larvae appear to feed as scrapers on periphyton and other organic matter on the exposed surfaces of rocks. They are found in slow flowing lowland streams as well as springs, small fast-flowing streams, and the wave-washed shores of lakes in temperate regions; they also occur in the hyporheic zone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF9270F8FCAAF6EBFC11" author="Williams" box="[921,1161,872,898]" pageId="46" pageNumber="697" refString="Williams, D. D., Read, A. T. & Moore, K. A. (1983) The biology and zoogeography of Helicopsyche borealis (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae): a Nearctic representative of a tropical genus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61, 2288 - 2299." type="journal article" year="1983">Williams et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in thermal springs (Resh et al. 1984). The biology of the North American species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9270EEFC52F61FFC39" ID-CoL="7VC96" authority="Hagen" authorityName="Hagen" box="[911,1149,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" genus="Helicopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9270EEFC52F1C6FC3A" box="[911,932,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9270D5FC52F676FC3A" box="[948,1044,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">borealis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hagen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF92765CFC52F280FC41" author="Vaughn" pageId="46" pageNumber="696" refString="Vaughn, C. C. (1985 a) Evolutionary ecology of case architecture in the snailcase caddisfly, Helicopsyche borealis. Freshwater Invertebrate Biology, 54, 178 - 186." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="a">Vaughn 1985a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF92738FFC7AF29DFC41" author="Vaughn" box="[238,255,952,978]" pageId="46" pageNumber="696" refString="Vaughn, C. C. (1985 b) Life history of Helicopsyche borealis (Hagen) (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae) in Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist, 113, 76 - 83." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF92726CFC7AF32EFC41" author="Vaughn" box="[269,332,952,978]" pageId="46" pageNumber="696" refString="Vaughn, C. C. (1987) Substratum preference of the caddisfly Helicopsyche borealis (Hagen) (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae). Hydrobiologia, 154, 201 - 205." type="journal article" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since Morse’s (1997) review of phylogenetic studies within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF927707FC7AF70EFC41" ID-CoL="77f81588-9b0d-4ab2-b82e-7265a66ef220" authority="Johanson" authorityName="Johanson" box="[1126,1388,952,978]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" rank="order">Trichoptera, Johanson</taxonomicName>
|
||
has undertaken significant analyses of evolutionary relationships within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9270BCFC22F619FC6A" ID-CoL="62TKW" box="[989,1147,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" genus="Helicopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9270BCFC22F619FC6A" box="[989,1147,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Helicopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF9277F1FC22F72BFC69" author="Johanson" box="[1168,1353,992,1018]" pageId="46" pageNumber="690" refString="Johanson, K. A. (1998) Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the family Helicopsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement, 53, 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1998">Johanson 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2001, 2002,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF927381FBCAF04EFBB1" author="Johanson" box="[224,556,1032,1058]" pageId="46" pageNumber="690" refString="Johanson, K. A. & Willassen, E. (1997) Are the African species of Helicopsyche von Siebold 1856 (Insecta Trichoptera Helicopsychidae) monophyletic? Tropical Zoology, 10, 117 - 128." type="journal article" year="1997">Johanson & Willassen 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0DFF9273F6FB95F648F991" blockId="46.[151,1436,1111,1538]" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9273F6FB95F314FBE2" ID-CoL="B8Z" box="[151,374,1111,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrosalpingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9273F6FB95F314FBE2" bold="true" box="[151,374,1111,1137]" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Hydrosalpingidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The family contains only a single species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9270F2FB9AF6F3FBE2" ID-CoL="3N9V9" box="[915,1169,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrosalpingidae" genus="Hydrosalpinx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9270F2FB9AF6F3FBE2" box="[915,1169,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Hydrosalpinx sericea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF92765CFB9AF28BFB09" author="Barnard" pageId="46" pageNumber="687" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1934) South African caddis-flies (Trichoptera). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 21, 291 - 394." type="journal article" year="1934">Barnard (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. He placed the species only within the “Aequipalpia” in the “neighbourhood of Molannidae-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9273F6FB6AF370FB51" ID-CoL="76F" box="[151,274,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beraeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,” but not within a specific family.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF9271CFFB6AF139FB51" author="Fischer" box="[686,859,1192,1218]" pageId="46" pageNumber="688" refString="Fischer, F. C. J. (1970) Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae. Trichopterorum Catalogus 11. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam, vi + 316 pp." type="book" year="1970">Fischer (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had the genus listed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9277C2FB6AF70BFB51" ID-CoL="6252B" box="[1187,1385,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Helicopsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Helicopsychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but noted Scott’s (1967) opinion that it may belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF927051FB12F1CBFB79" ID-CoL="76F" box="[816,937,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beraeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was not until 1985 that a new family,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9273F6FB3AF308FA81" ID-CoL="B8Z" box="[151,362,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrosalpingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hydrosalpingidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was established for the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF9271BCFB3AF102FA81" author="Scott" box="[733,864,1272,1298]" pageId="46" pageNumber="695" refString="Scott, K. M. F. (1985) Order Trichoptera (caddis flies). In: Scholtz, C. H. & Holm, E. (Eds.) Insects of Southern Africa. Butterworths, Durban, pp. 327 - 340." type="book chapter" year="1985">Scott 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which was more fully diagnosed and described some years later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF927211FAE2F39AFAA9" author="Scott" box="[368,504,1312,1338]" pageId="46" pageNumber="695" refString="Scott, K. M. F. (1993) Three recently erected Trichoptera families from South Africa, the Hydrosalpingidae, Petrothrincidae and Barbarochthonidae (Integripalpia: Sericostomatidae) [with a contribution by F. C. de Moor]. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History), 18, 293 - 354." type="journal article" year="1993">Scott 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is endemic to the western and southwestern Cape Province of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF9273F6FA8AF353FAF1" box="[151,305,1352,1378]" name="South Africa" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Once common in cool acidic mountain streams, the species is now considered rare, possibly due to predation by introduced trout. Larvae feed on algae and detritus. Their tubular cases characteristically have a slightly flared anterior end and are made entirely of golden-brown silk. The discarded cases are often occupied by species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9272D5FA02F098FA49" ID-CoL="352H" box="[436,762,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Athripsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9272D5FA02F022FA4A" box="[436,576,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Athripsodes</emphasis>
|
||
(Leptoceridae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Adults are medium-sized, densely hairy, golden brown caddisflies. Males have unusually long and slender maxillary and labial palps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0DFF9373F6F9F5F75FFEE9" blockId="46.[151,1436,1591,2018]" lastBlockId="47.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="686" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9273F6F9F5F33EF9C2" ID-CoL="6267Y" box="[151,348,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Petrothrincidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9273F6F9F5F33EF9C2" bold="true" box="[151,348,1591,1617]" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Petrothrincidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The family was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF9271BEF9FAF113F9C1" author="Scott" box="[735,881,1592,1618]" pageId="46" pageNumber="695" refString="Scott, K. M. F. (1985) Order Trichoptera (caddis flies). In: Scholtz, C. H. & Holm, E. (Eds.) Insects of Southern Africa. Butterworths, Durban, pp. 327 - 340." type="book chapter" year="1985">Scott (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for 2 species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF927735F9FAF68CF9C1" box="[1108,1262,1592,1618]" name="South Africa" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF92779AF9FAF311F9E9" ID-CoL="6V86Z" authority="Barnard" authorityName="Barnard" class="Insecta" family="Petrothrincidae" genus="Petrothrincus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF92779AF9FAF36BF9EA" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Petrothrincus circularis</emphasis>
|
||
Barnard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9272D6F9A2F0B7F9E9" ID-CoL="7786Z" authority="Hagen" authorityName="Hagen" box="[439,725,1632,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Petrothrincidae" genus="Petrothrincus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9272D6F9A2F3ABF9EA" box="[439,457,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9272BCF9A2F00BF9EA" box="[477,617,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hagen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(originally described from the case only and included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9273F6F94AF363F932" ID-CoL="63C9V" box="[151,257,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Molannidae" genus="Molanna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9273F6F94AF363F932" box="[151,257,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Molanna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF92727AF94AF3CDF931" author="Scott" box="[283,431,1672,1698]" pageId="46" pageNumber="695" refString="Scott, K. M. F. (1993) Three recently erected Trichoptera families from South Africa, the Hydrosalpingidae, Petrothrincidae and Barbarochthonidae (Integripalpia: Sericostomatidae) [with a contribution by F. C. de Moor]. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History), 18, 293 - 354." type="journal article" year="1993">Scott (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later described a 3rd South African species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9270A9F94AF62EF932" ID-CoL="76W6Z" box="[968,1100,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Petrothrincidae" genus="Petrothrincus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demoori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9270A9F94AF1B8F932" box="[968,986,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF92708BF94AF62EF932" box="[1002,1100,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">demoori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and expanded the diagnosis and description of the family. All of the South African species are endemic to the Cape Province. In his original description of the genus,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF927143F91AF0B4F961" author="Barnard" box="[546,726,1752,1778]" pageId="46" pageNumber="687" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1934) South African caddis-flies (Trichoptera). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 21, 291 - 394." type="journal article" year="1934">Barnard (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
could not place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9270F8F91AF658F962" ID-CoL="6M6F" box="[921,1082,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Petrothrincidae" genus="Petrothrincus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9270F8F91AF658F962" box="[921,1082,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Petrothrincus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within any known family and referred it only to “Aequipalpia.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF92714DF8C2F0B0F889" author="Fischer" box="[556,722,1792,1818]" pageId="46" pageNumber="688" refString="Fischer, F. C. J. (1964) Phryganeidae, Limnocentropodidae, Molannidae. Trichopterorum Catalogus 5. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam, vi + 214 pp." type="book" year="1964">Fischer (1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF927181F8C2F17EF889" author="Fischer" box="[736,796,1792,1818]" pageId="46" pageNumber="688" refString="Fischer, F. C. J. (1972) Supplement to Vol. III and IV. Trichopterorum Catalogus 13. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam, vii + 172 pp." type="book" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and others continued to catalog the genus within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9273F6F8EAF345F8D1" ID-CoL="CV9" box="[151,295,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Molannidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Molannidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF927250F8EAF383F8D1" author="Weaver" box="[305,481,1832,1858]" pageId="46" pageNumber="696" refString="Weaver, J. S., III. (1997) A new genus of Petrothrincidae (Trichoptera) from Madagascar with specialized modifications in the female terminalia for carrying the eggmass. In: Holzenthal, R. W. & Flint, O. S., Jr. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 8 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 467 - 474." type="book chapter" year="1997">Weaver (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the family from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF927073F8EAF1C2F8D1" box="[786,928,1832,1858]" name="Madagascar" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
for the first time and described 3 additional species in a new genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF9272CFF892F0FBF8F9" ID-CoL="4S48" authority="Weaver" authorityName="Weaver" box="[430,665,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Petrothrincidae" genus="Gyrocarisa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF9272CFF892F051F8FA" box="[430,563,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Gyrocarisa</emphasis>
|
||
Weaver
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to which 2 other species were added later by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF9277D0F892F28BF801" author="Malm" pageId="46" pageNumber="692" refString="Malm, T. & Johanson, K. A. (2005) Descriptions of two new species of Gyrocarisa (Trichoptera: Petrothrincidae) from Madagasca. Zootaxa, 1009, 15 - 20." type="journal article" year="2005">Malm and Johanson (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Recently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF927216F8BAF39EF802" ID-CoL="4S48" box="[375,508,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Petrothrincidae" genus="Gyrocarisa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF927216F8BAF39EF802" box="[375,508,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Gyrocarisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF927053F8BAF1B1F802" ID-CoL="6M6F" box="[818,979,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Petrothrincidae" genus="Petrothrincus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF927053F8BAF1B1F802" box="[818,979,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Petrothrincus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0DFF92776DF8BAF734F801" author="Johanson" box="[1036,1366,1912,1938]" pageId="46" pageNumber="690" refString="Johanson, K. A. & Olah, J. (2006) Eleven new species of Sericostomatoidea from Madagascar (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae, Petrothrincidae, Sericostomatidae). Zootaxa, 1205, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2006">Johanson and Olah (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who described 5 additional
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF9272D3F862F046F829" box="[434,548,1952,1978]" name="Madagascar" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
species. As of now, the family contains a single genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0DFF927792F862F7F6F82A" ID-CoL="6M6F" box="[1267,1428,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Petrothrincidae" genus="Petrothrincus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="685" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0DFF927792F862F7F6F82A" box="[1267,1428,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Petrothrincus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, containing 14 species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF927291F80AF0EEF871" box="[496,652,1992,2018]" name="South Africa" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0DFF9271B1F80AF100F871" box="[720,866,1992,2018]" name="Madagascar" pageId="46" pageNumber="685">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The larvae live in small, cool streams in the mountains and foothills in fast flowing riffles as well as pools. They construct broad, depressed, limpet-like cases similar to those seen in European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9371CAFF02F179FF4A" ID-CoL="7WB3" box="[683,795,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Uenoidae" genus="Thremma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9371CAFF02F179FF4A" box="[683,795,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Thremma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some North American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93773AFF02F6A4FF4A" ID-CoL="3KL8" box="[1115,1222,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Leptoceridae" genus="Ceraclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF93773AFF02F6A4FF4A" box="[1115,1222,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Ceraclea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in Chilean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9373F6FF2AF327FE92" ID-CoL="4CL3" box="[151,325,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Helicophidae" genus="Eosericostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9373F6FF2AF327FE92" box="[151,325,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Eosericostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; at least among the South African species the case can be circular or triangular. Larvae feed as scrapers on periphyton and the organic sediment that collects on the surfaces of rocks.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0CFF9377C1FED2F731FEB9" author="Weaver" box="[1184,1363,272,298]" pageId="47" pageNumber="696" refString="Weaver, J. S., III. (1997) A new genus of Petrothrincidae (Trichoptera) from Madagascar with specialized modifications in the female terminalia for carrying the eggmass. In: Holzenthal, R. W. & Flint, O. S., Jr. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 8 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 467 - 474." type="book chapter" year="1997">Weaver (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted several modifications of the female abdomen and wings, including long hairs on the hind wings, for holding the large eggmass above the abdomen and between the folded wings, possibly in a protective posture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36911F0CFF9373F6FE6DF3AAF959" blockId="47.[151,1437,431,1738]" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9373F6FE6DF30CFE5A" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[151,366,431,457]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9373F6FE6DF30CFE5A" bold="true" box="[151,366,431,457]" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Sericostomatidae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The family was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0CFF93706CFE72F1B2FE59" author="Stephens" box="[781,976,432,458]" pageId="47" pageNumber="695" refString="Stephens, J. F. (1836) Illustrations of British Entomology; or a Synopsis of Indigenous Insects: Containing their Generic and Specific Distinctions; with an Account of their Metamorphoses, Times of Appearance, Localities, Food, and Economy, as far as Practicable. Mandibulata. Vol. VI. [Trichoptera, pages 146 - 208]. Baldwin and Cradock, London, 240 pp." type="book chapter" year="1836">Stephens (1836)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as Sericostomidae (later emended by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0CFF9373F6FE1AF302FE61" author="McLachlan" box="[151,352,472,498]" pageId="47" pageNumber="692" refString="McLachlan, R. (1874) A monographic revision and synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European fauna. Part 1. Napier Printers, London, 46 pp." type="book" year="1874">McLachlan 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9372E9FE1AF03AFE61" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[392,600,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Over the years, the family has been used as a “dumping ground” for genera unable to be placed with confidence in other families.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0CFF9370B8FDC2F6F2FD89" author="Fischer" box="[985,1168,512,538]" pageId="47" pageNumber="688" refString="Fischer, F. C. J. (1970) Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae. Trichopterorum Catalogus 11. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam, vi + 316 pp." type="book" year="1970">Fischer (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed 26 genera in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9373F6FDEAF303FDD1" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[151,353,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and stated, “Several of these genera may belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93777FFDEAF691FDD1" ID-CoL="BWR" box="[1054,1267,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepidostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a few others probably to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF937237FD92F3ADFDF9" ID-CoL="76F" box="[342,463,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Beraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Beraeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For some of the genera from the Australian region one or more subfamilies will have to be created.” In fact, all of the Australian genera once included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93709CFDBAF6A5FD01" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[1021,1223,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been moved to other families, most newly created for them (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93706FFD62F1B1FD29" ID-CoL="622SW" box="[782,979,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Antipodoeciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Antipodoeciidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF937081FD62F6EAFD29" ID-CoL="8HV" box="[992,1160,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Conoesucidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Conoesucidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9377F4FD62F77EFD29" ID-CoL="GXQ" box="[1173,1308,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Tasimiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tasimiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), such that the family no longer occurs in the Australasian region. In other regions, other families were established for genera originally described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF937128FD32F171FC99" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[585,787,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9370E4FD32F605FC99" ID-CoL="6FM" box="[901,1127,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Anomalopsychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anomalopsychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Neotropics,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9373F6FCDAF314FCA1" ID-CoL="72X" box="[151,374,792,818]" class="Insecta" family="Barbarochthonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Barbarochthonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF9372A1FCDAF03CFCA1" box="[448,606,792,818]" name="South Africa" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
). As presently constituted the family contains 19 genera and only 100 or so species. The distribution of these genera is cosmopolitan, except for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF93776BFC82F61BFCC9" box="[1034,1145,832,858]" name="Australia" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF9377E4FC82F745FCC9" box="[1157,1319,832,858]" name="New Zealand" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and their biogeographically associated islands, but the genera are for the most part restricted within their regions. In Africa, the family occurs only in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF937121FC52F0BEFC39" box="[576,732,912,938]" name="South Africa" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
where 5 endemic genera occur (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93771FFC52F75CFC39" ID-CoL="N2F" authority="Morse" authorityName="Morse" box="[1150,1342,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Aclosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF93771FFC52F681FC3A" box="[1150,1251,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Aclosma</emphasis>
|
||
Morse
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93762EFC52F29AFC41" ID-CoL="33SL" authority="Barnard" authorityName="Barnard" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Aselas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF93762EFC52F7FEFC3A" box="[1359,1436,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Aselas</emphasis>
|
||
Barnard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93726DFC7AF028FC41" ID-CoL="62M4P" authority="Barnard" authorityName="Barnard" box="[268,586,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Cheimacheramus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF93726DFC7AF3BBFC42" box="[268,473,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Cheimacheramus</emphasis>
|
||
Barnard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93713FFC7AF121FC41" ID-CoL="6M5T" authority="Barnard" authorityName="Barnard" box="[606,835,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Petroplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF93713FFC7AF0B3FC42" box="[606,721,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Petroplax</emphasis>
|
||
Barnard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9370F1FC7AF616FC41" ID-CoL="799T" authority="Barnard" authorityName="Barnard" box="[912,1140,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Rhoizema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9370F1FC7AF666FC42" box="[912,1028,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Rhoizema</emphasis>
|
||
Barnard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the later also recently described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF93723AFC22F38CFC69" box="[347,494,992,1018]" name="Madagascar" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
). In the Neotropics, the genera are endemic to southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF9377D7FC22F697FC69" box="[1206,1269,992,1018]" name="Chile" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF9373F6FBCAF36EFBB1" box="[151,268,1032,1058]" name="Argentina" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93727CFBCAF381FBB1" ID-CoL="3N3M" authority="Navas" authorityName="Navas" box="[285,483,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Chiloecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF93727CFBCAF3EDFBB2" box="[285,399,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Chiloecia</emphasis>
|
||
Navás
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF937291FBCAF0B4FBB1" ID-CoL="5WGJ" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[496,726,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Myotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF937291FBCAF010FBB2" box="[496,626,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Myotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF937182FBCAF1B8FBB1" ID-CoL="6586" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[739,986,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Notidobiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF937182FBCAF114FBB2" box="[739,886,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Notidobiella</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF937779FBCAF726FBB1" ID-CoL="6GRQ" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[1048,1348,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Parasericostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF937779FBCAF682FBB2" box="[1048,1248,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Parasericostoma</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and to southern and southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF9372B1FBF2F07AFBD9" box="[464,536,1072,1098]" name="Brazil" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF9371DDFBF2F153FBD9" box="[700,817,1072,1098]" name="Argentina" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF937022FBF2F675FBD9" ID-CoL="4R8V" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" box="[835,1047,1072,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Grumicha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF937022FBF2F1DBFBDA" box="[835,953,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Grumicha</emphasis>
|
||
Müller
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF9377F6FBF2F69DFBD9" box="[1175,1279,1072,1098]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 2 genera are endemic to the eastern half of the continent (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9371C2FB9AF106FBE1" ID-CoL="QKQ" authority="Banks" authorityName="Banks" box="[675,868,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Agarodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9371C2FB9AF176FBE2" box="[675,788,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Agarodes</emphasis>
|
||
Banks
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9370FCFB9AF65FFBE1" ID-CoL="4JKP" authority="Ross" authorityName="Ross" box="[925,1085,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Fattigia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9370FCFB9AF19EFBE2" box="[925,1020,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Fattigia</emphasis>
|
||
Ross
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and 1 genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF937789FB9AF7FEFBE1" ID-CoL="4RK7" authority="Tsuda" authorityName="Tsuda" box="[1256,1436,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Gumaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF937789FB9AF72FFBE2" box="[1256,1357,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Gumaga</emphasis>
|
||
Tsuda
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in the western portion of the region.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9371DAFB42F142FB0A" ID-CoL="4RK7" box="[699,800,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Gumaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9371DAFB42F142FB0A" box="[699,800,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Gumaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also found in the Oriental region where a genus endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF937246FB6AF301FB51" box="[295,355,1192,1218]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
also occurs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93716AFB6AF0B8FB51" ID-CoL="33K3" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[523,730,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Asahaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF93716AFB6AF012FB52" box="[523,624,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Asahaya</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Five genera occur in the western Palearctic region from northern and southern Europe, northern Africa, east to the Caucasus,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF93776CFB12F65DFB79" box="[1037,1087,1232,1258]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Arabian peninsula (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9373C0FB3AF3FEFA81" ID-CoL="3KNJ" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[161,412,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Cerasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9373C0FB3AF369FA82" box="[161,267,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Cerasma</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9372C9FB3AF0F1FA81" ID-CoL="6585" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" box="[424,659,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Notidobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9372C9FB3AF07FFA82" box="[424,541,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Notidobia</emphasis>
|
||
Stephens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9371C1FB3AF1C1FA81" ID-CoL="675B" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[672,931,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Oecismus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9371C1FB3AF170FA82" box="[672,786,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Oecismus</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9370D1FB3AF6A9FA81" ID-CoL="7DNN" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" box="[944,1227,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Schizopelex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9370D1FB3AF659FA82" box="[944,1083,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Schizopelex</emphasis>
|
||
McLachlan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93766AFB3AF362FAA9" ID-CoL="7FTY" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Sericostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF93766AFB3AF7FEFA82" box="[1291,1436,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Sericostoma</emphasis>
|
||
Latreille
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In addition to the 19 genera formally assigned to the family, several additional anomalous genera are known within the superfamily Sericostomatoidea that have not been assigned to a family. For completeness of coverage, these genera are:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9371C7FAB2F1D7FA19" ID-CoL="62LPR" authority="Fischer" authorityName="Fischer" box="[678,949,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" genus="Ceylanopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9371C7FAB2F13AFA1A" box="[678,856,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Ceylanopsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Fischer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF93709DFAB2F610FA19" box="[1020,1138,1392,1418]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF93771FFAB2F73EFA19" ID-CoL="57KJ" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[1150,1372,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" genus="Karomana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF93771FFAB2F699FA1A" box="[1150,1275,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Karomana</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF9373F6FA5AF2B4FA21" box="[151,214,1432,1458]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF937382FA5AF3FBFA21" ID-CoL="5VGR" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[227,409,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" genus="Mpuga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF937382FA5AF354FA22" box="[227,310,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Mpuga</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF937285FA5AF041FA21" box="[484,547,1432,1458]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF937151FA5AF0BCFA21" ID-CoL="63VT" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[560,734,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" genus="Ngoya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF937151FA5AF01EFA22" box="[560,636,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Ngoya</emphasis>
|
||
Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF93704BFA5AF10BFA21" box="[810,873,1432,1458]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9370C8FA5AF6C2FA21" ID-CoL="644P4" authority="Malicky" authorityName="Malicky" box="[937,1184,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" genus="Seselpsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9370C8FA5AF657FA22" box="[937,1077,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Seselpsyche</emphasis>
|
||
Malicky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF937676FA5AF7FAFA21" box="[1303,1432,1432,1458]" name="Seychelles" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0CFF9373F6FA02F331FA49" author="Schmid" box="[151,339,1472,1498]" pageId="47" pageNumber="695" refString="Schmid, F. (1993) Quatre genres de trichopt _ res forlignants. Fabreries, 18, 37 - 48." type="journal article" year="1993">Schmid (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B601F0CFF9372C7FA02F008FA49" author="Malicky" box="[422,618,1472,1498]" pageId="47" pageNumber="692" refString="Malicky, H. (1993) Three new caddisflies from Mahe Island, Seychelles. Braueria, 20, 19 - 21." type="journal article" year="1993">Malicky (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discuss the status of these enigmatic genera. The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9373F6FA2AF303F991" ID-CoL="G8F" box="[151,353,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sericostomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
build tubular, strongly to slightly curved and tapered cases of sand grains or of silk alone. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32276011F0CFF9373F6F9D2F280F9B9" box="[151,226,1552,1578]" name="Brazil" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the long, slender silken cases of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D121F0CFF9371E0F9D2F09AF9BA" ID-CoL="4R8V" box="[641,760,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Sericostomatidae" genus="Grumicha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="686" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA831F0CFF9371E0F9D2F09AF9BA" box="[641,760,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="686">Grumicha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were used as adornments by the Tupí-Guarani Indians. Sericostomatid larvae inhabit streams and lakes, the latter especially in temperate regions; they often burrow in sandy deposits. The primary food source is leaf litter detritus. Males of many species have modified antennal scapes with scent scales or scent glands, eversible glands on the face, or mask-like maxillary palps, or a combination of these.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |