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<document id="CC1726098B5A59644B0E0F8448F11B65" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2019.8.4.365" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13162847" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722568561245" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Moon, Seong Yong &amp; Park, Jong Sick" docDate="2019" docId="03893273FFF7FFAEFCE6FE13C567FD26" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.8.4.365-372.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 8 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Caligus undulatus Shen and Li 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="371" masterDocId="FFB04A0BFFF6FFA9FFCFFFDBC731FFE6" masterDocTitle="Occurrence of sea lice, Caligus undulatus Shen and Li, 1959 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) in plankton samples collected from Korea" masterLastPageNumber="372" masterPageNumber="365" pageNumber="366" updateTime="1722575663702" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="6C8FE530C964BDBEDEF9E7F1A4E69DAA">Occurrence of sea lice, Caligus undulatus Shen and Li, 1959 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) in plankton samples collected from Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B11A7CCEE74DF6305DC030D7E4732034">Moon, Seong Yong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5DAB2FCB170D38C071D0FDB96BA811C6">South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 22 Sepodangmeori-gil, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do 59780, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B779F78C364A8B64D8BCE90A6A744593">Park, Jong Sick</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="16A88C7A4301C47EA13A286178FF8351">Ocean Fisheries Research and Development Co., Ssangbong-ro 82, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do 59677, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="225321DB81C689B5AE744344C7FA9BB8">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF7FFA8FCE6FE13C3F7FE06" ID-CoL="PKLL" authority="Shen and Li, 1959" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[809,1222,456,480]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
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<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF7FFA8FCE6FE13C4C2FE06" bold="true" box="[809,1011,456,480]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Caligus undulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF7FFA8FC35FE13C3F7FE06" author="Shen, C. J. &amp; H. L. Li" box="[1018,1222,456,480]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" pagination="12 - 23" refId="ref4293" refString="Shen, C. J. and H. L. Li. 1959. Parasitic copepods from fishes of China, IV. Caligoida. Caligidae (3). Acta Zoological Sinica 11 (1): 12 - 23." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen and Li, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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Korean name: Tteo-dol-i-mul-i ḓūjḏj 
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flḋ
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(
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF7FFA8FC33FDD2C350FDC7" box="[1020,1121,521,545]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionStartId-1="4.[174,206,1922,1944]" captionStartId-2="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox-0="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetBox-1="[261,1356,262,1884]" captionTargetBox-2="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@4.[251,1367,257,1890]" captionTargetId-2="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. genital complex and abodomen, ventral. B. leg 1. C. tip of second exopodal segment of leg 1. D. leg 2. E. leg 3. F. first exopodal segment of leg 3. G, H. leg 4. I. leg 5. Scale bars:A=200μm; B-E, G=100μm; F, H, I=50μm." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162853" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13162853/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Figs. 2-4</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF7FFA8FCE6FDE2C4DDFDB7" box="[809,1004,569,593]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Caligus undulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF7FFA8FC3AFDE2C3DBFDB7" author="Shen, C. J. &amp; H. L. Li" box="[1013,1258,569,593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" pagination="12 - 23" refId="ref4293" refString="Shen, C. J. and H. L. Li. 1959. Parasitic copepods from fishes of China, IV. Caligoida. Caligidae (3). Acta Zoological Sinica 11 (1): 12 - 23." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen and Li, 1959: 12</bibRefCitation>
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, 16, pl. 1; 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF7FFA8FAAEFDE1C4FCFD97" author="Yamaguti, S." pageId="1" pageNumber="366" pagination="1 - 1103" refId="ref4709" refString="Yamaguti, S. 1963. Parasitic Copepoda and Branhiura of fishes. Interscience Publishers, New York. 1 - 1103." type="book chapter" year="1963">Yamaguti, 1963</bibRefCitation>
: p. 61
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, pl. 80, fig. 3; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A81A574FFF7FFA8FB67FD82C269FD97" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[1192,1368,601,625]" page="123" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF7FFA8FB67FD82C269FD97" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[1192,1368,601,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" pagination="123 - 140" refId="ref4256" refString="Pillai, N. K. 1966. Notes on copepods parasitic on South Indi- an marine fishes. Journal of the Marine Biological Associ- ation of India 8 (1): 123 - 140." type="journal article" year="1966">Pillai, 1966: 123</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A81A574FFF7FFA8FC94FDA1C34CFD74" author="Margolis, L. &amp; Z. Kabata &amp; R. R. Parker" box="[859,1149,633,658]" page="81" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF7FFA8FC94FDA1C30BFD77" author="Margolis, L. &amp; Z. Kabata &amp; R. R. Parker" box="[859,1082,633,658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" pagination="1 - 117" refId="ref4135" refString="Margolis, L., Z. Kabata and R. R. Parker. 1975. Catalogue and synopsis of Caligus, a genus of Copepoda (Crustacea) parasitic on fishes. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 192: 1 - 117." type="journal article" year="1975">
Margolis 
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, 1975
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: p. 81
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A81A574FFF7FFA8FB46FDA1C278FD74" author="Montu, M." box="[1161,1353,634,658]" page="329" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF7FFA8FB46FDA1C278FD74" author="Montu, M." box="[1161,1353,634,658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" pagination="329 - 339" refId="ref4183" refString="Montu, M. 1982. Alguns copepodos parasitas de peixes do sul do Brasil. Arquivos de biologiae tecnologia 25: 329 - 339." type="journal article" year="1982">Montú, 1982: 329</bibRefCitation>
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; 
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, figs. 3I- O, 4A- M; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A81A574FFF7FFA8FCA8FD61C3E9FD34" author="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; I. - H. Kim &amp; B. J. Escamilla" box="[871,1240,698,722]" page="805" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF7FFA8FCA8FD61C3E9FD34" author="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; I. - H. Kim &amp; B. J. Escamilla" box="[871,1240,698,722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" pagination="804 - 818" refId="ref4384" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., I. - H. Kim and B. J. Escamilla. 2012 b. On some caligids (Copepoda: Caligidae) from plankton of a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico with a description of a new species of Metacaligus. Zoological Studies 51 (6): 804 - 818." type="journal article" year="2012">
Suárez-Morales 
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, 2012b: 805
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, figs. 1, 2; 
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Venmathi Maran 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF7FFA8FC03FD00C331FD14" box="[972,1024,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012b: 212
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, fig. 8D, E.
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<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF7FFA8FCE6FCC0C338FCD5" bold="true" box="[809,1033,795,819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Material examined.</emphasis>
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(left antenna dissected on glass slide, 1 vial) (NIBRIV0000282332), 
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34°49 
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31 
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N
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127°47 
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23 
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E
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, 12 
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and 
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, the 
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(
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34°49 
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31 
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N
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE14E5A2FFF7FFA8FCE6FC67C49FFC32" box="[809,942,955,981]" degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" precision="15" seconds="23" value="127.78972">
127°47 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF7FFA8FCBAFC60C44AFC33" bold="true" box="[885,891,955,981]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">ʹ</emphasis>
23 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF7FFA8FC5BFC60C4AFFC33" bold="true" box="[916,926,955,981]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">ʺ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
) (NIBRIV0000293068), 
<collectingRegion id="49E44D87FFF7FFA8FB78FC67C466FC12" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Jeollanam-do Province</collectingRegion>
, western 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF7FFA8FC77FC06C4CAFC12" box="[952,1019,989,1012]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Korea</collectingCountry>
, 2 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB191FFFF7FFA8FBD8FC06C354FC13" box="[1047,1125,989,1013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">August</collectingMunicipality>
, 2013, 
<collectingCounty id="62FEFBE9FFF7FFA8FB7FFC06C246FC12" box="[1200,1399,989,1013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Seong Yong Moon</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5FD3EDFFF7FFA8FF0BF87AC262F851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13162849" box="[196,1363,1953,1975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162849/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="366" startId="1.[196,228,1953,1975]" targetBox="[186,1371,1089,1917]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF7FFA8FF0BF87AC262F851" blockId="1.[196,1363,1953,1975]" box="[196,1363,1953,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF7FFA8FF0BF87AC7CFF850" bold="true" box="[196,254,1953,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="366">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
Map showing the sampling sites along the southern coast of Korea. A. Gwangyang Bay and Gangjin Bay. B. Mokpo Harbor.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33AD0EEFFF4FFAFFF61FEDEC542FAB2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF4FFABFF61FEDEC6C9F9CE" blockId="2.[174,780,261,1576]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF4FFABFF61FEDEC670FEFB" bold="true" box="[174,321,261,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Description.</emphasis>
Female. Body (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFE33FEDEC564FEFB" box="[508,597,261,285]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) 
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF4FFABFDA7FEDEC43BFEFB" box="[616,778,261,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.77" metricValueMax="4.46" metricValueMin="3.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="3.77" valueMax="4.46" valueMin="3.08">3.08-4.46 mm</quantity>
(mean 3.52± 
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF4FFABFEF0FEFEC6ACFEDB" box="[319,413,293,317]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="0.54">0.54 mm</quantity>
) in length excluding caudal setae. Cephalothoracic shield slightly ovoid, 1.38 times longer than width (2.16 × 
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF4FFABFEB9FEBDC6E9FE98" box="[374,472,358,382]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="1.56">1.56 mm</quantity>
); lateral zone with smoothly curved ventral rib; posterior sinus deep; posterolateral pit present. Fourth pedigerous somite indistinctly articulated from genital complex. Genital complex (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFDBCFE1CC5F8FE39" box="[627,713,455,479]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) with trapezoidal-shaped and/or a peculiar irregular undulation, gradually broadened distally, 1.17 × 
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF4FFABFDA0FDDCC5FFFDF9" box="[623,718,519,543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.11" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="1.11">1.11 mm</quantity>
, with rounded and slightly projected posterolateral corners. Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFEECFD93C6B1FD86" box="[291,384,584,608]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFE44FD93C69DFD86" box="[395,428,584,608]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,206,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[261,1356,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[251,1367,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. genital complex and abodomen, ventral. B. leg 1. C. tip of second exopodal segment of leg 1. D. leg 2. E. leg 3. F. first exopodal segment of leg 3. G, H. leg 4. I. leg 5. Scale bars:A=200μm; B-E, G=100μm; F, H, I=50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162853/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">3A</figureCitation>
) indistinctly separated from genital complex and 2-segmented; first segment wider than length (0.22 × 
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF4FFABFE8CFD53C692FD46" box="[323,419,648,672]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
); distal segment 1.75 times longer than width (0.56 × 
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF4FFABFEBEFD72C6E1FD27" box="[369,464,681,705]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
). Caudal ramus (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFDB0FD73C5FEFD27" box="[639,719,680,705]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) 1.92 times longer than width (0.23 × 
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF4FFABFE36FD12C569FD07" box="[505,600,713,737]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
), with 6 plumose setae (seta I lacking); inner margin convex, with setules on distal half. Antennule (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFE3AFCD2C577FCC7" box="[501,582,777,801]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) 411 μm long and 2-segmented; proximal segment 73% length of antennule, with 25 pinnate and 2 naked setae; distal segment with 12 naked setae and 2 aesthetascs. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFDABFCB1C589FC64" box="[612,696,874,898]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) 3-segmented; proximal segment with proximal process; second segment nearly quadrangular, with 1 adhesion pad on ventromedial margin; distal segment forming long, distally strongly bent claw bearing 2 small setae. Post-antennal process (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFEC4FBD0C66BFBC5" box="[267,346,1035,1060]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
) long and narrow, proximally bearing 2 papillae, each tipped with 2 setules; another papilla locat- ed posterior to post-antennal process also tipped with 2 setules. Mandible (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFEB9FBB7C6F5FB62" box="[374,452,1132,1156]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) with 12 teeth distally. Maxillule (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFF2CFB57C604FB43" box="[227,309,1164,1189]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
) consisting of anterior papilla bearing 3 unequal setae and tapering posterior process. Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFD2EFB76C7D8FB03" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2H, I</figureCitation>
) 2-segmented; proximal segment (lacertus) large and unarmed; slender distal segment (brachium) with membrane (flabellum) at about 60% region of inner margin; calamus about twice as long as canna. Maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFD2DFAF5C7F7FA80" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
) 3-segmented; proximal segment (corpus) with broader proximal half and narrower distal half; second segment (shaft) 1 seta distally; distal segment forming long, curved claw. Sternal furca (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFEB2FA74C6FFFA21" box="[381,462,1455,1479]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[207,1350,258,1889]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible.G. maxillule. H. maxilla.I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B=200 μm; C, H, J, K=100μm; D-G, I=50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
) with slender, long tines bearing membrane on lateral sides. Armature formula of legs 1-4 as follows (Roman numerals: number of spines; Arabic numerals: number of setae):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF4FFABFE6CF999C5DFF936" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
<table id="F92071C5FFF40056FF61F999C43BF936" box="[174,778,1602,1744]" gridcols="3" gridrows="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
<tr id="35108127FFF40056FF61F999C43BF9BE" box="[174,778,1602,1624]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76C1E85BFFF40056FE4BF999C538F9BE" box="[388,521,1602,1624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Exopod</th>
<th id="76C1E85BFFF40056FD64F999C43BF9BE" box="[683,778,1602,1624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Endopod</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35108127FFF40056FF61F9B1C43BF966" box="[174,778,1642,1664]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
<th id="76C1E85BFFF40056FF61F9B1C7D3F966" box="[174,226,1642,1664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Leg 1</th>
<td id="76C1E85BFFF40056FE4BF9B1C538F966" box="[388,521,1642,1664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">I-0; III, I, 3</td>
<td id="76C1E85BFFF40056FD64F9B1C43BF966" box="[683,778,1642,1664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">vestigial</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35108127FFF40056FF61F95EC43BF97D" box="[174,778,1669,1691]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
<th id="76C1E85BFFF40056FF61F95EC7D3F97D" box="[174,226,1669,1691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Leg 2</th>
<td id="76C1E85BFFF40056FE4BF95EC538F97D" box="[388,521,1669,1691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">I-1; I-1; II, I, 5</td>
<td id="76C1E85BFFF40056FD64F95EC43BF97D" box="[683,778,1669,1691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">0-1; 0-2; 6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35108127FFF40056FF61F944C43BF953" box="[174,778,1695,1717]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
<th id="76C1E85BFFF40056FF61F944C7D3F953" box="[174,226,1695,1717]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Leg 3</th>
<td id="76C1E85BFFF40056FE4BF944C538F953" box="[388,521,1695,1717]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">I-0; I-1; III, 4</td>
<td id="76C1E85BFFF40056FD64F944C43BF953" box="[683,778,1695,1717]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">0-1; 6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35108127FFF40056FF61F961C43BF936" box="[174,778,1722,1744]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
<th id="76C1E85BFFF40056FF61F961C7D3F936" box="[174,226,1722,1744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Leg 4</th>
<td id="76C1E85BFFF40056FE4BF961C538F936" box="[388,521,1722,1744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">I-0; I, III</td>
<td id="76C1E85BFFF40056FD64F961C43BF936" box="[683,778,1722,1744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">lacking</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF4FFABFF0AF929C371FEFB" blockId="2.[174,779,1777,1995]" lastBlockId="2.[839,1444,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
Leg 1 (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFEDDF92AC6B7F8EC" box="[274,390,1777,1802]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,206,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[261,1356,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[251,1367,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. genital complex and abodomen, ventral. B. leg 1. C. tip of second exopodal segment of leg 1. D. leg 2. E. leg 3. F. first exopodal segment of leg 3. G, H. leg 4. I. leg 5. Scale bars:A=200μm; B-E, G=100μm; F, H, I=50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162853/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
) intercoxal sclerite naked and elongate. Coxa with simple outer seta. Basis with pinnate outer and inner setae. Exopod 2-segmented; first segment with 1 small outer distal naked seta and row of setules on inner margin; second segment with 3 apical spines, middle and inner apical spines with accessory process, inner distal seta naked and shorter than mid-terminal setae; endopod small, knob-like.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF4FFABFC91FEFDC4E1FC25" blockId="2.[839,1444,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
Leg 2 (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFC62FEFEC332FEDB" box="[941,1027,293,317]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,206,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[261,1356,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[251,1367,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. genital complex and abodomen, ventral. B. leg 1. C. tip of second exopodal segment of leg 1. D. leg 2. E. leg 3. F. first exopodal segment of leg 3. G, H. leg 4. I. leg 5. Scale bars:A=200μm; B-E, G=100μm; F, H, I=50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162853/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
) intercoxal sclerite subquadrate, with hyaline membrane along distal margin. Coxa with large seta on inner posterior margin and one setule on anterior surface. Basis with small outer seta and one inner setule and membrane on inner part of posterior margin; outer side of basis and first exopodal segment with broad membrane. Exopod 3-segmented, with large hyaline membrane covering dorsal surface of ramus; first segment with 1 inner plumose seta, row of setules along inner margin and pectinate membrane at base of outer serrate spine; second segment with 1 inner plumose seta, short row of setules along proximomedial margin, 1 outer serrate spine on anterior surface; distal segment with 5 inner plumose setae, one serrated spine, and 2 outer small spines on mediolateral margin. Endopod 3-segmented; first segment with 1 long inner plumose seta, row of setules along most of outer margin; second segment with 2 inner plumose setae and row of large setules along most of outer margin; distal segment with spinules at base of 6 plumose setae and row of setules along proximolateral and proximomedial margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF4FFABFC91FC10C3F9FAA0" blockId="2.[839,1444,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
Leg 3 (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFC60FC10C333FC04" box="[943,1026,971,995]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,206,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[261,1356,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[251,1367,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. genital complex and abodomen, ventral. B. leg 1. C. tip of second exopodal segment of leg 1. D. leg 2. E. leg 3. F. first exopodal segment of leg 3. G, H. leg 4. I. leg 5. Scale bars:A=200μm; B-E, G=100μm; F, H, I=50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162853/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
) protopod broad membrane on outer and inner margins and with 1 outer naked and 1 inner plumose seta, velum between rami, corrugated patched on dorsolateral surface, 2 marginal membranes, 2 long setules along posterior margin; exopod 3-segmented; first segment (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFC62FBB7C4CDFB62" box="[941,1020,1132,1156]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,206,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[261,1356,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[251,1367,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. genital complex and abodomen, ventral. B. leg 1. C. tip of second exopodal segment of leg 1. D. leg 2. E. leg 3. F. first exopodal segment of leg 3. G, H. leg 4. I. leg 5. Scale bars:A=200μm; B-E, G=100μm; F, H, I=50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162853/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
) with 1 outer long setule and spinulate spine, with hyaline membrane at base; second segment with 1 inner plumose seta and 1 outer seta; distal segment with 4 plumose setae, 3 naked spines, setules along the outer margin. Endopod 2-segmented; first segment with 1 inner long plumose seta; second segment with 6 plumose setae and setules along outer margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF4FFABFC91FA94C234F9E1" blockId="2.[839,1444,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
Leg 4 (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFC64FA95C313FA80" box="[939,1058,1358,1382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,206,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[261,1356,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[251,1367,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. genital complex and abodomen, ventral. B. leg 1. C. tip of second exopodal segment of leg 1. D. leg 2. E. leg 3. F. first exopodal segment of leg 3. G, H. leg 4. I. leg 5. Scale bars:A=200μm; B-E, G=100μm; F, H, I=50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162853/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3G, H</figureCitation>
) uniramous, composed of protopod and 2-segment exopod; protopod with 1 distolateral pinnate seta; first exopodal segment with pectinate membrane at base of outer spinulate spine; second exopodal segment with 3 unequal apical spinulate spines and pectinate membrane at base of innermost spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF4FFABFC91F9CBC24DF9AE" blockId="2.[839,1444,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
Leg 5 (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFC68F9CBC4DFF9CE" box="[935,1006,1552,1576]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,206,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[261,1356,262,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[251,1367,257,1890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Caligus undulatus, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea.A. genital complex and abodomen, ventral. B. leg 1. C. tip of second exopodal segment of leg 1. D. leg 2. E. leg 3. F. first exopodal segment of leg 3. G, H. leg 4. I. leg 5. Scale bars:A=200μm; B-E, G=100μm; F, H, I=50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162853/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
) represented by 1 seta on knob and 1 seta on papilla at posterolateral margin of genital complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF4FFAFFC91F98BC542FAB2" blockId="2.[839,1444,261,1995]" lastBlockId="6.[174,780,760,1978]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
Male. Body (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFC29F98BC306F98E" box="[998,1079,1616,1640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) 
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF4FFABFB8BF98BC3EAF98E" box="[1092,1243,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.76" metricValueMax="4.61" metricValueMin="2.91" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="3.76" valueMax="4.61" valueMin="2.91">2.91-4.61 mm</quantity>
(mean 3.72±0.65) in length (excluding caudal setae). Cephalothoracic shield 1.48 times longer than width (2.68 × 
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF4FFABFB3BF94AC26DF94F" box="[1268,1372,1681,1705]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="1.81">1.81 mm</quantity>
). Free fourth pedigerous somite wider than length (516 × 258 μm). Genital complex trapezoidal, slightly longer than width (623 × 561 μm). Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFB7DF92AC234F8EC" box="[1202,1285,1777,1802]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) 2-segmented; proximal segment slightly longer than width (397 × 382 μm); distal segment 1.65 times longer than width (467 × 283 μm). Caudal ramus (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFB5EF889C3D0F88C" box="[1169,1249,1874,1898]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) 2.91 times longer than width (308 × 106 μm), armed as in female. Antennule as in female. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF4FFABFBF4F848C3BAF84D" box="[1083,1163,1939,1963]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) 3-segmented, comprising coxa, basis, and 1-segmented endopod incorporating distal claw as in female; proximal segment (coxa) with two weak adhesion pads; second segment (basis) with two adhesion pads; distal segment (endopod) blunt, with two inner proximal setae, distally forming bifurcated structure, and round processes. Post-antennal process (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF0FFAFFDB2FCA2C5FFFC77" box="[637,718,889,913]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) long and more acutely pointed at tip than female. Mandible and maxilla as in female. Maxillule (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF0FFAFFDFAFC62C5B2FC37" box="[565,643,953,978]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
) with corrugate surface and one stout hyaline structure on dentiform process. Pair of post oral pads (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF0FFAFFDCBFC21C562FBF4" box="[516,595,1018,1042]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) present just below oral cone. Maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF0FFAFFE1EFBC1C515FBD4" box="[465,548,1050,1074]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
) as in female, except proximal segment (corpus) with well protruded quadrilateral knob at midlength; distal segment (claw) long, acutely pointed, with one minute seta on distal half and one long setae located posteriorly along 2/3 of claw. Tines of sternal furca (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF0FFAFFEAFFB67C685FB32" box="[352,436,1212,1236]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
) noticeably longer than female. Legs 1-4 as in female. Leg 5 (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF0FFAFFE36FB07C573FB12" box="[505,578,1244,1268]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
) vestigial, situated mid-laterally on genital complex and bearing two pinnate setae. Leg 6 (
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF0FFAFFEF8FAC7C64CFAD3" box="[311,381,1308,1333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" captionTargetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[197,1361,257,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Caligus undulatus, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna.D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A=400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C-H=100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
) forming genital operculum, with two unequal minute setae on distolateral corner.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5FD3EDFFF5FFAAFF5FF859C6F7F82B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13162851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162851/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" startId="3.[144,176,1922,1944]" targetBox="[215,1346,265,1885]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF5FFAAFF5FF859C6F7F82B" blockId="3.[144,1414,1922,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF5FFAAFF5FF859C7FBF871" bold="true" box="[144,202,1922,1944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF5FFAAFF00F859C640F871" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[207,369,1922,1943]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF5FFAAFF00F859C640F871" box="[207,369,1922,1943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Caligus undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea. A. habitus dorsal. B. caudal ramus, dorsal. C. antennules. D. antenna. E. postantennal process. F. mandible. G. maxillule. H. maxilla. I. tip of maxilla. J. maxilliped. K. sternal furca. Scale bars:A =400 μm; B =200 μm; C, H, J, K = 100μm; D- G, I= 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5FD3EDFFF2FFADFF61F859C63BF82B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162853" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13162853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162853/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="369" startId="4.[174,206,1922,1944]" targetBox="[261,1356,262,1884]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF2FFADFF61F859C63BF82B" blockId="4.[174,1444,1922,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF2FFADFF61F859C7D8F871" bold="true" box="[174,233,1922,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="369">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF2FFADFF21F859C6A1F871" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[238,400,1922,1943]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF2FFADFF21F859C6A1F871" box="[238,400,1922,1943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="369">Caligus undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult female from Gangjin Bay, Korea. A. genital complex and abodomen, ventral. B. leg 1. C. tip of second exopodal segment of leg 1. D. leg 2. E. leg 3. F. first exopodal segment of leg 3. G, H. leg 4. I. leg 5. Scale bars: A =200 μm; B- E, G =100 μm; F, H, I= 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5FD3EDFFF3FFACFF5EF859C62DF82B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162855" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13162855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162855/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" startId="5.[145,177,1922,1944]" targetBox="[205,1361,257,1886]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF3FFACFF5EF859C62DF82B" blockId="5.[145,1415,1922,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF3FFACFF5EF859C7FBF871" bold="true" box="[145,202,1922,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF3FFACFF00F859C65FF871" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[207,366,1922,1943]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF3FFACFF00F859C65FF871" box="[207,366,1922,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="370">Caligus undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult male from Mokpo Harbour, Korea.A. habitus, dorsal. B. urosome, dorsal. C. antenna. D. postantennal process. E. maxillule. F. post oral pad. G. maxilliped. H. sternal furca. I. genital segment and legs 5 and 6, ventral. Scale bars: A =400 μm; B, I=200 μm; C- H = 100μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5FD3EDFFF0FFAFFE1EFD47C3B0FD57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13162857" box="[465,1153,668,690]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162857/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" startId="6.[465,497,668,690]" targetBox="[282,1340,259,631]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF0FFAFFE1EFD47C3B0FD57" blockId="6.[465,1153,668,690]" box="[465,1153,668,690]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFE1EFD47C53DFD57" bold="true" box="[465,524,668,690]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
Schematic illustration of latitudinal distributions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF0FFAFFC15FD47C34AFD57" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[986,1147,668,689]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFC15FD47C34AFD57" box="[986,1147,668,689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Caligus undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33AD0EEFFF0FFAFFF61FA86C66FFA93" box="[174,350,1373,1397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF0FFAFFF61FA86C66FFA93" blockId="6.[174,780,760,1978]" box="[174,350,1373,1397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFF61FA86C7D8FA93" bold="true" box="[174,233,1373,1397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Host.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33AD0EEFFF0FFAFFF61FAA6C638F9B1" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF0FFAFFF61FAA6C638F9B1" blockId="6.[174,780,760,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFF61FAA6C60DFA73" bold="true" box="[174,316,1405,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFE8BFAA5C6B5FA73" box="[324,388,1406,1429]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Korea</collectingCountry>
(Seomjin River Estuary, Gwangyang Bay, Gangjin Bay and Mokpo Harbour); 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFDAAFA46C595FA53" box="[613,676,1437,1461]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">China</collectingCountry>
(Tsingtao Harbour); 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFED0FA65C66AFA33" box="[287,347,1470,1493]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Japan</collectingCountry>
(off Ube city, the Ariake Sea, Takamatsu Port); 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFEDEFA05C676FA10" box="[273,327,1502,1526]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">India</collectingCountry>
(Palk Bay); 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFE01FA05C53FFA10" box="[462,526,1502,1526]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(south Brazilian coast); 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFF61FA25C7CEF9F0" box="[174,255,1534,1558]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Laguna Chelem, 
<collectingRegion id="49E44D87FFF0FFAFFE09FA25C510F9F0" box="[454,545,1534,1558]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
). All previous reports on 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF0FFAFFF1FF9C4C666F9D0" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[208,343,1566,1590]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFF1FF9C4C666F9D0" box="[208,343,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were based on specimens from plankton samples.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33AD0EEFFF0FFAEFF61F984C567FD26" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF0FFAFFF61F984C671F85C" blockId="6.[174,780,760,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFF61F984C62AF991" bold="true" box="[174,283,1631,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Remarks.</emphasis>
The original illustration of sea lice 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF0FFAFFD56F984C7FCF971" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFD56F984C7FCF971" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFF3BF9A4C68CF971" author="Shen, C. J. &amp; H. L. Li" box="[244,445,1663,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="12 - 23" refId="ref4293" refString="Shen, C. J. and H. L. Li. 1959. Parasitic copepods from fishes of China, IV. Caligoida. Caligidae (3). Acta Zoological Sinica 11 (1): 12 - 23." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen and Li (1959)</bibRefCitation>
showed a peculiar irregular undulation of genital complex in female (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFD8DF97BC436F951" author="Shen, C. J. &amp; H. L. Li" box="[578,775,1695,1720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="12 - 23" refId="ref4293" refString="Shen, C. J. and H. L. Li. 1959. Parasitic copepods from fishes of China, IV. Caligoida. Caligidae (3). Acta Zoological Sinica 11 (1): 12 - 23." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen and Li, 1959</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1). However, our specimen was trapezoidal-shaped and/or a peculiar irregular undulation of genital complex in female which gradually broadened distally. The shape of genital complex might have been variable during breeding season because all other reports agree with our illustrations (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFE92F8BAC6E9F89F" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[349,472,1889,1913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="123 - 140" refId="ref4256" refString="Pillai, N. K. 1966. Notes on copepods parasitic on South Indi- an marine fishes. Journal of the Marine Biological Associ- ation of India 8 (1): 123 - 140." type="journal article" year="1966">Pillai, 1966</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFE2DF8BAC63CF87C" author="Venmathi Maran, B. A. &amp; S. Ohtsuka" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="202 - 215" refId="ref4544" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. and S. Ohtsuka. 2008. Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle?. Plankton and Benthos Research 3 (4): 202 - 215." type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran and Ohtsuka, 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFED6F85AC57FF87F" author="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; I. - H. Kim &amp; B. J. Escamilla" box="[281,590,1921,1945]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="804 - 818" refId="ref4384" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., I. - H. Kim and B. J. Escamilla. 2012 b. On some caligids (Copepoda: Caligidae) from plankton of a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico with a description of a new species of Metacaligus. Zoological Studies 51 (6): 804 - 818." type="journal article" year="2012">
Suárez-Morales 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFE09F859C6CDF87F" box="[454,508,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012b
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFD95F85AC604F85C" author="Venmathi Maran, B. A. &amp; S. Ohtsuka &amp; X. Shang" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="201 - 219" refId="ref4648" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., S. Ohtsuka and X. Shang. 2012 b. Records of adults caligiform copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) in marine plankton from East Asia, including descriptions of two new species of Caligus (Caligidae). Species Diversity 17 (2): 201 - 219." type="journal article" year="2012">
Venmathi Maran 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFF61F879C7D3F85C" box="[174,226,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF0FFAFFC91FD23C394FA92" blockId="6.[839,1445,760,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
Body sizes of female specimens in the present study ranged from 
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, similar to previous reports (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFC81FCE3C320FCB6" author="Shen, C. J. &amp; H. L. Li" box="[846,1041,824,848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="12 - 23" refId="ref4293" refString="Shen, C. J. and H. L. Li. 1959. Parasitic copepods from fishes of China, IV. Caligoida. Caligidae (3). Acta Zoological Sinica 11 (1): 12 - 23." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen and Li, 1959</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFBD3FCE3C2ABFCB7" author="Venmathi Maran, B. A. &amp; S. Ohtsuka" box="[1052,1434,824,849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="202 - 215" refId="ref4544" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. and S. Ohtsuka. 2008. Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle?. Plankton and Benthos Research 3 (4): 202 - 215." type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran and Ohtsuka, 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Males in the present study were a little smaller and/or much larger (ranged 
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF0FFAFFBE7FCA2C3F5FC77" box="[1064,1220,889,913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.76" metricValueMax="4.61" metricValueMin="2.91" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" unit="mm" value="3.76" valueMax="4.61" valueMin="2.91">2.91-4.61 mm</quantity>
) than those reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFC4CFC42C4F3FC57" box="[899,962,921,945]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">China</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF0FFAFFC00FC42C31CFC57" box="[975,1069,921,945]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" unit="mm" value="3.08">3.08 mm</quantity>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFB9DFC42C22CFC57" author="Shen, C. J. &amp; H. L. Li" box="[1106,1309,921,945]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="12 - 23" refId="ref4293" refString="Shen, C. J. and H. L. Li. 1959. Parasitic copepods from fishes of China, IV. Caligoida. Caligidae (3). Acta Zoological Sinica 11 (1): 12 - 23." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen and Li, 1959</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFAFEFC42C256FC57" box="[1329,1383,921,945]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">India</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF0FFAFFABBFC42C441FC37" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.50 mm</quantity>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFC59FC62C324FC37" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[918,1045,953,977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="123 - 140" refId="ref4256" refString="Pillai, N. K. 1966. Notes on copepods parasitic on South Indi- an marine fishes. Journal of the Marine Biological Associ- ation of India 8 (1): 123 - 140." type="journal article" year="1966">Pillai, 1966</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFBE5FC61C357FC37" box="[1066,1126,954,977]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Japan</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFB51FC61C3EEFC37" box="[1182,1247,954,977]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF0FFAFFB24FC62C2B7FC37" box="[1259,1414,953,977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.51" metricValueMax="3.52" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" unit="mm" value="3.51" valueMax="3.52" valueMin="3.5">3.50-3.52 mm</quantity>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFC88FC01C3E1FC14" author="Venmathi Maran, B. A. &amp; S. Ohtsuka" box="[839,1232,986,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="202 - 215" refId="ref4544" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. and S. Ohtsuka. 2008. Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle?. Plankton and Benthos Research 3 (4): 202 - 215." type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran and Ohtsuka 2008</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFADAFC01C256FC14" box="[1301,1383,986,1010]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF0FFAFFABCFC01C441FBF4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" unit="mm" value="2.82">2.82 mm</quantity>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFC58FC21C3E4FBF4" author="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; I. - H. Kim &amp; B. J. Escamilla" box="[919,1237,1018,1042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="804 - 818" refId="ref4384" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., I. - H. Kim and B. J. Escamilla. 2012 b. On some caligids (Copepoda: Caligidae) from plankton of a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico with a description of a new species of Metacaligus. Zoological Studies 51 (6): 804 - 818." type="journal article" year="2012">
Suárez-Morales 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFB88FC20C34EFBF4" box="[1095,1151,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012b
</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, our specimens shared characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF0FFAFFB6BFBC0C21EFBD4" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[1188,1327,1050,1074]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFB6BFBC0C21EFBD4" box="[1188,1327,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including proportional length of the cephalothoracic shield, genital complex, abdomen, postantennal process, sternal furca, and maxilliped with well protruded quadrilateral knob at midlength in male. We consider that specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFC88FB67C4B6FB35" box="[839,903,1212,1235]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Korea</collectingCountry>
are 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF0FFAFFC79FB67C30CFB35" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[950,1085,1211,1235]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFC79FB67C30CFB35" box="[950,1085,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with some variation in body size. These facts allow both specimens collected from three different times to be conspecific to each other. They are identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF0FFAFFC1DFAC6C36AFAD2" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[978,1115,1308,1332]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFC1DFAC6C36AFAD2" box="[978,1115,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Small and large males (
<quantity id="4CD82E80FFF0FFAFFAA9FAC6C495FAB3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.48" metricValueMax="4.05" metricValueMin="2.91" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" unit="mm" value="3.48" valueMax="4.05" valueMin="2.91">2.91- 4.05 mm</quantity>
) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF0FFAFFC00FAE6C364FAB3" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[975,1109,1341,1365]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFC00FAE6C364FAB3" box="[975,1109,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
co-occurred in the Mokpo Harbor, southwestern coats of 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFB92FA86C391FA92" box="[1117,1184,1373,1396]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F8365FFF0FFAEFC91FAA6C567FD26" blockId="6.[839,1445,760,1978]" lastBlockId="7.[144,749,261,704]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">
The latitudinal distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF0FFAFFB62FAA5C208FA73" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[1197,1337,1405,1429]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFB62FAA5C208FA73" box="[1197,1337,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is shown in 
<figureCitation id="131B9FE0FFF0FFAFFCAAFA46C499FA53" box="[869,936,1437,1461]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[465,497,668,690]" captionTargetBox="[282,1340,259,631]" captionTargetId="figure-708@6.[277,1341,257,634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic illustration of latitudinal distributions of Caligus undulatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13162857/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
. The species was originally recorded from Tsingtao Harbor, 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFC27FA65C316FA30" box="[1000,1063,1470,1494]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">China</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE14E5A2FFF0FFAFFBFCFA65C35FFA30" box="[1075,1134,1470,1494]" degrees="40" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" precision="55555" value="40.0">40°N</geoCoordinate>
) by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFB50FA65C25EFA30" author="Shen, C. J. &amp; H. L. Li" box="[1183,1391,1470,1494]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="12 - 23" refId="ref4293" refString="Shen, C. J. and H. L. Li. 1959. Parasitic copepods from fishes of China, IV. Caligoida. Caligidae (3). Acta Zoological Sinica 11 (1): 12 - 23." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen and Li (1959)</bibRefCitation>
. Our record extends the known latitudinal distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF0FFAFFA44FA05C49FF9F0" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFA44FA05C49FF9F0" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
southward into the tropical zone of South 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFAA1FA25C295F9F0" box="[1390,1444,1534,1558]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">India</collectingCountry>
(
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) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFC53F9C4C329F9D0" author="Pillai, N. K." box="[924,1048,1566,1591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="123 - 140" refId="ref4256" refString="Pillai, N. K. 1966. Notes on copepods parasitic on South Indi- an marine fishes. Journal of the Marine Biological Associ- ation of India 8 (1): 123 - 140." type="journal article" year="1966">Pillai, 1966</bibRefCitation>
) from the Northwest Pacific between 32 to 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFC00F9E4C255F9B1" author="Venmathi Maran, B. A. &amp; S. Ohtsuka" box="[975,1380,1599,1623]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="202 - 215" refId="ref4544" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. and S. Ohtsuka. 2008. Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle?. Plankton and Benthos Research 3 (4): 202 - 215." type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran and Ohtsuka, 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFABEF9E4C35CF991" author="Venmathi Maran, B. A. &amp; S. Ohtsuka &amp; X. Shang" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="201 - 219" refId="ref4648" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., S. Ohtsuka and X. Shang. 2012 b. Records of adults caligiform copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) in marine plankton from East Asia, including descriptions of two new species of Caligus (Caligidae). Species Diversity 17 (2): 201 - 219." type="journal article" year="2012">
Venmathi Maran 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFC12F9BBC327F991" box="[989,1046,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012b
</bibRefCitation>
), the previous northern bor- der of its known distributional range. It also represents a modest southwards range extending from the two localities that it was recorded, 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFB49F91BC3E9F93E" box="[1158,1240,1728,1752]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE14E5A2FFF0FFAFFB29F91BC210F93E" box="[1254,1313,1728,1752]" degrees="21" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" precision="55555" value="21.0">21°N</geoCoordinate>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF0FFAFFAADF91BC295F93E" box="[1378,1444,1728,1752]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE14E5A2FFF0FFAFFC80F93BC4B5F91E" box="[847,900,1760,1784]" degrees="30" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" precision="55555" value="-30.0">30°S</geoCoordinate>
) in the Atlantic Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFB46F93BC229F91E" author="Montu, M." box="[1161,1304,1760,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="329 - 339" refId="ref4183" refString="Montu, M. 1982. Alguns copepodos parasitas de peixes do sul do Brasil. Arquivos de biologiae tecnologia 25: 329 - 339." type="journal article" year="1982">Montú, 1982</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFAEAF93BC33DF8FE" author="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; I. - H. Kim &amp; B. J. Escamilla" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="804 - 818" refId="ref4384" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., I. - H. Kim and B. J. Escamilla. 2012 b. On some caligids (Copepoda: Caligidae) from plankton of a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico with a description of a new species of Metacaligus. Zoological Studies 51 (6): 804 - 818." type="journal article" year="2012">
Suárez-Morales 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFC4EF8DAC489F8FE" box="[897,952,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012b
</bibRefCitation>
), although it has not been reported as a parasite yet. One of the first recorded 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF0FFAFFB32F8FAC2B6F8DF" authorityName="Shen and Li" authorityYear="1959" box="[1277,1415,1825,1849]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulatus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFB32F8FAC2B6F8DF" box="[1277,1415,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">C. undulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Northwestern Tropical Atlantic and in Mexican waters was reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF0FFAFFBE8F8BAC257F89F" author="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; I. - H. Kim &amp; B. J. Escamilla" box="[1063,1382,1889,1913]" pageId="6" pageNumber="371" pagination="804 - 818" refId="ref4384" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., I. - H. Kim and B. J. Escamilla. 2012 b. On some caligids (Copepoda: Caligidae) from plankton of a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico with a description of a new species of Metacaligus. Zoological Studies 51 (6): 804 - 818." type="journal article" year="2012">
Suárez-Morales 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF0FFAFFB1BF8B9C23AF89F" box="[1236,1291,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
(2012b)
</bibRefCitation>
. How this species has reached the Americas remains unclear. However, it was probably introduced by aquaculture activities as other Asian fish parasites (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF1FFAEFDEBFEDEC7C4FEDB" author="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; A. Paredes-Trujillo" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" pagination="851 - 855" refId="ref4495" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., A. Paredes-Trujillo and D. Gonzalez- Solis. 2010. The introduced Asian parasitic copepods Neoergasilus japonicas (Harada) (Cyclopoida: Ergasilidae) from endangered cichlid teleosts in Mexico. Zoological Science 27 (11): 851 - 855." type="journal article" year="2010">
Suárez-Morales 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF1FFAEFD16FEDDC79DFEDB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="372">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). This species has been reported from various countries. Its host might be a highly migratory fish (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF1FFAEFD05FE9DC60CFE98" author="Ho, J. - S. &amp; C. L. Lin" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" pagination="1201 - 1209" refId="ref4019" refString="Ho, J. - S. and C. L. Lin. 2004 b. Caligus planktonis Pillai (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasiticon the largescale mullet of Taiwan. Crustaceana 76 (10): 1201 - 1209." type="journal article" year="2004">Ho and Lin, 2004b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF1FFAEFE85FEBDC5D1FE98" author="Venmathi Maran, B. A. &amp; S. Ohtsuka" box="[330,736,358,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" pagination="202 - 215" refId="ref4544" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. and S. Ohtsuka. 2008. Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle?. Plankton and Benthos Research 3 (4): 202 - 215." type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran and Ohtsuka, 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Adults of pelagic caligids have been observed in four genera [
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF1FFAEFF22FE7DC6D5FE58" authority="Muller, 1785" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[237,484,422,446]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF1FFAEFF22FE7DC675FE58" box="[237,324,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="372">Caligus</emphasis>
Müller, 1785
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF1FFAEFE3DFE7DC627FE39" authority="Nordmann, 1832" authorityName="Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Lepeophtheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF1FFAEFE3DFE7DC591FE58" box="[498,672,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="372">Lepeophtheirus</emphasis>
Nordmann, 1832
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF1FFAEFEEBFE1DC552FE39" authority="Thomsen, 1949" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1949" box="[292,611,454,479]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Metacaligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF1FFAEFEEBFE1DC69DFE38" box="[292,428,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="372">Metacaligus</emphasis>
Thomsen, 1949
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF1FFAEFDBEFE1CC5D1FE39" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1835" box="[625,736,455,479]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caligidae</taxonomicName>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF1FFAEFF70FE3CC685FE19" authority="Leach, 1816" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1816" box="[191,436,487,511]" class="Copepoda" family="Pandaridae" genus="Pandarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF1FFAEFF70FE3CC617FE19" box="[191,294,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="372">Pandarus</emphasis>
Leach, 1816
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C20F8E6FFF1FFAEFE0FFE3CC7F9FDF9" authority="Milne Edwards, 1840" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1840" class="Copepoda" family="Pandaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pandaridae Milne Edwards, 1840</taxonomicName>
)] (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF1FFAEFF2DFDDCC53CFDF9" author="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; I. - H. Kim &amp; I. Lopez-Salgado" box="[226,525,519,543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" pagination="57 - 60" refId="ref4445" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., I. - H. Kim and I. Lopez-Salgado. 1998. An illustrated record and range extension of Caligus chelifer (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) in the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Research Report 10 (1): 57 - 60." type="journal article" year="1998">
Suárez-Morales 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF1FFAEFE5EFDD3C6F6FDF9" box="[401,455,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="372">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF1FFAEFDD5FDD3C5D9FDF9" author="Ho, J. - S. &amp; C. L. Lin" box="[538,744,519,543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" pagination="1201 - 1209" refId="ref4019" refString="Ho, J. - S. and C. L. Lin. 2004 b. Caligus planktonis Pillai (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasiticon the largescale mullet of Taiwan. Crustaceana 76 (10): 1201 - 1209." type="journal article" year="2004">Ho and Lin, 2004b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF1FFAEFF5FFDFCC524FDA6" author="Venmathi Maran, B. A. &amp; S. Ohtsuka" box="[144,533,551,576]" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" pagination="202 - 215" refId="ref4544" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A. and S. Ohtsuka. 2008. Description of caligiform copepods in plankton samples collected from East Asia: Accidental occurrences or a new mode of life cycle?. Plankton and Benthos Research 3 (4): 202 - 215." type="journal article" year="2008">Venmathi Maran and Ohtsuka, 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF1FFAEFDEFFDFCC7CDFD86" author="Venmathi Maran, B. A. &amp; S. Ohtsuka &amp; P. Jitchum" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" pagination="87 - 95" refId="ref4594" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., S. Ohtsuka and P. Jitchum. 2012 a. Occurrence of caligid copepods (Crustacea) in plankton samples collected from Japan and Thailand, with the description of a new species. Species Diversity 17 (1): 87 - 95." type="journal article" year="2012">
Venmathi Maran 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF1FFAEFD16FDF3C79AFD86" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="372">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012a
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF1FFAEFEC8FD93C50BFD86" author="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; H. Camisotti &amp; A. Martin" box="[263,570,584,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" pagination="59 - 71" refId="ref4336" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., H. Camisotti and A. Martin. 2012 a. A new species of Caligus (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) from the plankton of the Caribbean coast of Venezuela with a key to species. Zookeys 201: 59 - 71." type="journal article" year="2012">
Suárez-Morales 
<emphasis id="B9545F77FFF1FFAEFE7CFD93C6D8FD86" box="[435,489,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="372">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012a
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FE94FFF1FFAEFD8AFD93C5BAFD86" author="Suarez-Morales, E. &amp; I. - H. Kim &amp; B. J. Escamilla" box="[581,651,584,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="372" pagination="804 - 818" refId="ref4384" refString="Suarez-Morales, E., I. - H. Kim and B. J. Escamilla. 2012 b. On some caligids (Copepoda: Caligidae) from plankton of a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico with a description of a new species of Metacaligus. Zoological Studies 51 (6): 804 - 818." type="journal article" year="2012">2012b</bibRefCitation>
). Since it is the second record from Korean waters, a detailed parasitological survey of its fish hosts in 
<collectingCountry id="F337C3F5FFF1FFAEFDC1FD52C57FFD46" box="[526,590,649,672]" name="South Korea" pageId="7" pageNumber="372">Korea</collectingCountry>
is necessary to understand host(s) of this particular caligid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>