403 lines
43 KiB
XML
403 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="B6F8FA582CFE24CA7071648AB4735039" ID-DOI="10.1206/4015.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12171426" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718827081284" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grimaldi, David A." docDate="2024" docId="0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2024.4015.1-43.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2024 (4015)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2024/issue-4015/4015.1/The-Drosophila-Sophophora-obscura-species-group-in-the-Americas-Diptera/10.1206/4015.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Drosophila (Sophophora) affinis Sturtevant 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFBE4D63FFFDFFB9F7345809FFBBFF97" masterDocTitle="The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1718827702117" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="8036A8B96E39F754D846D7BEA7A4691B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5FB488D5B5B0839DCEACBC75939BF700">
|
||
<mods:title id="D39ADA5895046D8D1E8D8AFFCBF5999C">The Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species group in the Americas (Diptera: Drosophilidae): review, revisions, and three new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="208140F0CE24A99A82514B45FA21183F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E728A0B14C8FCC70CFD94BA6F001666D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="051984788EFDE841ECEB5105C8406B08">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="813FA15B18A2AACA2A1DB989DDCB14B1">Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="B18EA1686797F8799284D71D2DF5236C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="7B489F425C25B23976C6B9C2CB4D54BB" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8B74A365F2FAACD6FA62BD2421224CA1">
|
||
<mods:title id="A98E031BB28321FDB2317020EA31AB5D">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="D29BB86B31F30C3C7387D820E7183CBC">
|
||
<mods:date id="9F10A98DAEB6F0A34B71A57C93671350">2024</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="92465DAEBB5191CE35F2A9405283AF02" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="5662CC0DB0F5E983954EC011CFA803AE">2024-05-16</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="93EDC9B5B3438F3699A7710796BD51CF" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="0889196FC405630DC194B2BD3DD6487A">2024</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="BC78489E9ADDEE415C75A3EAD181D509" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="BAE05328B32F6AF27F9A883D98475A4C">4015</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="7D097FA048C1CECD2F8D0563AC04C62D" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="4CFE044AC9DD851A97166F5859ED21FE">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="4046CCBD9BEBBE0C05CBEE7AB475C6F2">44</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="0FA6272DEDD45A7218306D014467557A">
|
||
<mods:url id="FD2437A8B99F841ADBD384C250DCEB79">https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2024/issue-4015/4015.1/The-Drosophila-Sophophora-obscura-species-group-in-the-Americas-Diptera/10.1206/4015.1.full</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="2DB1CED10519F48CF9DB1970C7F1DA96">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5839A8DFE77FC4E9F2ECE6C26C5C4D16" type="DOI">10.1206/4015.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="700328F2D87563153F710D248E3EDD07" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FC945BFA52C3F17EB79892E03FE11EAD" type="Zenodo-Dep">12171426</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334D786FFF1FFB5F6AF5B5BFC36FCFB" box="[411,909,850,876]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF1FFB5F6AF5B5BFC36FCFB" blockId="12.[411,909,850,876]" box="[411,909,850,876]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<heading id="D0D93361FFF1FFB5F6AF5B5BFC36FCFB" box="[411,909,850,876]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF1FFB5F6AF5B5BFC36FCFB" ID-CoL="8BX6D" authority="Sturtevant" authorityName="Sturtevant" authorityYear="1916" box="[411,909,850,876]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis" subGenus="Sophophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF1FFB5F6AF5B5BFDA1FCFB" box="[411,538,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Drosophila</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF1FFB5F51F5B5BFD08FCFB" box="[555,691,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sophophora</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF1FFB5F5F25B5BFCB7FCFB" box="[710,780,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">affinis</emphasis>
|
||
Sturtevant
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334D786FFF1FFB5F6E05B83FCEEFC33" box="[468,853,906,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF1FFB5F6E05B83FCEEFC33" blockId="12.[468,853,906,932]" box="[468,853,906,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<heading id="D0D93361FFF1FFB5F6E05B83FCEEFC33" box="[468,853,906,932]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="7">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13159888FFF1FFB5F6E05B83FDECFC33" box="[468,599,906,932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[108,149,1433,1454]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-152@8.[108,1212,224,1406]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. Frontal view of heads of representative species of the affinis subgroup. A. D. affinis, male. B. D. chibcha, n. sp., male holotype (ASG 05); C. D. tolteca, male (ASG 23); D. zapoteca, n. sp., male holotype (ASG 20). Note differences in development of the facial carina compared with faces in figure 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12171441/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13159888FFF1FFB5F5575B83FD33FC33" box="[611,648,906,932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[110,152,1343,1364]" captionTargetBox="[183,1175,246,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-174@15.[108,1212,224,1317]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. Oviscapts and spermathecae (lateral views) of species in the affinis subgroup, with apical details for three species. A. D. affinis (ASG 28); B. D. athabasca (ASG 30); C. D. azteca (ASG 15); D. D. chibcha, n. sp. (ASG 17); E. D. dobzhanskii (ASG 33); F. D. narragansett (ASG 11); G. D. tolteca (ASG 24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12171461/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13159888FFF1FFB5F5A05B83FD02FC33" box="[660,697,906,932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[108,149,1608,1629]" captionTargetBox="[173,1210,226,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[108,1212,224,1581]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 9. Protarsal male sex combs (tarsomeres ta1 and ta2, and ta3 for D. chibcha from Peru) of species in the affinis subgroup. A. D. affinis (ASG 29); B. D. algonquin (ASG 32); C. D. athabasca (ASG 31); D. D. azteca (ASG 13: San Franciso, CA); E. D. azteca (ASG 06: Leticia, Colombia); F. D. chibcha, n. sp. (ASG 04: Zurqui, Costa Rica); G. D. chibcha, n. sp. (ASG 05: Las Alturas, Costa Rica); H. D. chibcha (ASG 07: Rancho Grande, Venezuela); I. D. chibcha (ASG 08: Wayqecha, Peru); J. D. narragansett (ASG 10); K. D. olmeca (ASG 25); L. D. tolteca (ASG 23). All to the same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12171465/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13159888FFF1FFB5F5F15B83FCACFC33" box="[709,791,906,932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[108,150,1661,1682]" captionTargetBox="[111,1212,228,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-6@19.[108,1212,224,1634]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 11. Epandria (male tergite VIII) and associated structures in representative species of the affinis subgroup. A. D. affinis (ASG 29); B. D. affinis, detail of A; C. D. azteca (ASG 13); D. D. chibcha, n. sp. (ASG 05)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12171469/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13159888FFF1FFB5F4105B83FCEEFC33" box="[804,853,906,932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[108,149,1628,1649]" captionTargetBox="[238,1179,236,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-94@25.[129,1191,224,1599]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 14. Hypandrium, aedeagus and other appendages of representative species of the affinis subgroup (ventral views). The valves of the aedeagal sheath and the pair of hypandrial lobes are highlighted in color; the postgonites are not. A. D. affinis (ASG 29) (hypandrial lobes hidden); B. D. athabasca (ASG 31); C. D. algonquin (ASG 32); D. D. chibcha, n. sp. (ASG 05), with detail of aedeagal valves of ASG 05 (above), and ASG 08 (below). All to the same scale except details of D. chibcha." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12171475/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">14A</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334D786FFF1FFB5F7585BCDFDADFC4B" box="[108,534,964,988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF1FFB5F7585BCDFDADFC4B" blockId="12.[108,534,964,988]" box="[108,534,964,988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3EA323FFF1FFB5F7585BCDFDADFC4B" box="[108,534,964,988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8FA21CFFF1FFB5F7585BCDFDA9FC4B" author="Sturtevant, A. H." box="[108,530,964,988]" page="334" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1916">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF1FFB5F7585BCDFDA9FC4B" ID-CoL="8BX6D" authority="Sturtevant, 1916: 334" authorityName="Sturtevant" authorityPageNumber="334" authorityYear="1916" box="[108,530,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF1FFB5F7585BCDFE9DFC4B" box="[108,294,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Drosophila affinis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF9FCFFF1FFB5F6195BCDFDA9FC4B" author="Sturtevant, A. H." box="[301,530,964,988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="323 - 343" refId="ref20109" refString="Sturtevant, A. H. 1916. Notes on North American Drosophilidae with descriptions of 23 new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 9: 323 - 343." type="journal article" year="1916">Sturtevant, 1916: 334</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334D786FFF1FFB5F7A85BF3FDB5FB3E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF1FFB5F7A85BF3FDB5FB3E" blockId="12.[108,1215,1018,1754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS: A small, very common species in eastern North America, thorax color varying from light brown to black-brown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF9FCFFF1FFB5F53E5C16FCCBFBAE" author="Werner, T. & J. Jaenike" box="[522,880,1055,1081]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref20430" refString="Werner, T., and J. Jaenike. 2017. Drosophilids of the Midwest and Northeast. River Campus Libraries, University of Rochester (New York), 256 pp." type="book" year="2017">Werner and Jaenike, 2017: 83</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); carina very narrow, short; male sex comb with ta
|
||
<subScript id="17AA8648FFF1FFB5F64C5C5BFE3AFBF4" attach="left" box="[376,385,1106,1123]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
|
||
usually with 4–5 teeth (ranging from 4–7 [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF9FCFFF1FFB5F4B65C4DFB14FBC9" author="Sulerud, R. L. & D. D. Miller" box="[898,1199,1092,1118]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="446 - 474" refId="ref20220" refString="Sulerud, R. L., and D. D. Miller. 1966. A study of key characteristics for distinguishing several Drosophila affinis subgroup species, with a description of a new related species. American Midland Naturalist 75: 446 - 474." type="journal article" year="1966">Sulerud and Miller, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ta
|
||
<subScript id="17AA8648FFF1FFB5F7B65C71FF30FB1E" attach="left" box="[130,139,1144,1161]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</subScript>
|
||
with 1 slender tooth; ta
|
||
<subScript id="17AA8648FFF1FFB5F6925C71FE14FB1E" attach="left" box="[422,431,1144,1161]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
|
||
distinctly shorter (0.88×) than ta
|
||
<subScript id="17AA8648FFF1FFB5F40E5C71FCF8FB1E" attach="left" box="[826,835,1144,1161]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</subScript>
|
||
; base of inner ventral epandrial lobe with furrows, no microtrichia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334D786FFF1FFB5F7A95CBCFB06FAA8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF1FFB5F7A95CBCFB13FA8E" blockId="12.[108,1215,1018,1754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B468E50FFF1FFB5F7A95CBCFB13FA8E" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Kushla & Ala & AH Sturtevant & Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Dept. & In & The" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
TYPE:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54953AAFFFF1FFB5F7D65CBDFEF5FB59" box="[226,334,1204,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D284F84FFF1FFB5F66D5CBDFECAFB58" box="[345,369,1204,1231]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
+ puparium: bred banana [written] /
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F4225CBDFCDDFB59" box="[790,870,1204,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kushla</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F4455CBDFC27FB59" box="[881,924,1204,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ala</collectorName>
|
||
[bama] IV.25.15
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F3675CBCFF0AFB63" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">AH Sturtevant</collectorName>
|
||
/ TYPE
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF1FFB5F6215CD3FD9FFB63" authority="Sturt." authorityName="Sturtevant" authorityYear="1916" box="[277,548,1242,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Drosophila affinis Sturt.</taxonomicName>
|
||
[red label] /
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F5825CD3FC4FFB63" box="[694,1012,1242,1268]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Dept.</collectorName>
|
||
Invertebrates No. 24134.
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F78A5D09FF6CFA8D" box="[190,215,1280,1306]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">In</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F1CC8FFF1FFB5F7EA5CF6FE81FA8E" box="[222,314,1279,1305]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F6775CF6FED5FA8E" box="[323,366,1279,1305]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">The</collectorName>
|
||
adult and its puparium are mounted on separate points on the same pin.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF1FFB5F7A85D2CFB06FAA8" blockId="12.[108,1215,1018,1754]" box="[156,1213,1316,1343]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B468E50FFF1FFB5F7A85D2CFB06FAA8" box="[156,1213,1316,1343]" collectionCode="AMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Besides
|
||
<typeStatus id="54953AAFFFF1FFB5F5365D2CFD89FAA8" box="[514,562,1317,1343]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(above), the following material (all in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F1CC8FFF1FFB5F4D75D2CFBFBFAA8" box="[995,1088,1317,1343]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339C49DFFF1FFB5F3665D2CFB06FAA8" box="[1106,1213,1317,1343]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">UNITED</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334D786FFF1FFB5F7595D43FB3BF94E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF1FFB5F7595D43FB06FA1E" blockId="12.[108,1215,1018,1754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B468E50FFF1FFB5F7595D43FB03FA1E" collectorName="Kushla & Ala. VI & A. H. Sturtevant & Co., St. Catherine's Is" country="Georgia" county="Liberty Co." location="Georgia" municipality="Grimaldi" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="57" specimenCount-female="28" specimenCount-male="29" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
STATES: ALABAMA:
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F65D5D43FE03FAF3" box="[361,440,1354,1380]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kushla</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F6F65D43FDA8FAF3" box="[450,531,1354,1380]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ala. VI</collectorName>
|
||
.13.14,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F5545D43FCB5FAF3" box="[608,782,1354,1380]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A.H. Sturtevant</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<typeStatus id="54953AAFFFF1FFB5F4105D43FC3EFAF3" box="[804,901,1354,1380]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(1).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339C49DFFF1FFB5F4835D43FB8EFAF3" box="[951,1077,1354,1380]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">GEORGIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: large series,
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F7585D66FF7CFA1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F7585D66FF7CFA1E" box="[108,199,1391,1417]" country="Georgia" county="Liberty Co." municipality="Grimaldi" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Georgia</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F0FC81FFF1FFB5F7E55D66FEEBFA1E" box="[209,336,1391,1417]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Liberty
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F6135D66FEEBFA1E" box="[295,336,1391,1417]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Co.</collectorName>
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F66D5D66FDAEFA1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F66D5D66FDAEFA1D" box="[345,533,1391,1418]" country="Georgia" county="Liberty Co." municipality="Grimaldi" name="St. Catherine's Is." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">St. Catherine’s Is.</location>
|
||
, 11-20/IV/88,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF51E77FFF1FFB5F5805D66FCA1FA1E" box="[692,794,1391,1417]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Grimaldi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(two dissected: ASG
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D284F84FFF1FFB5F3345D66FB8AFA1E" box="[1024,1073,1390,1417]" count="28" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">28♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, ASG
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D284F84FFF1FFB5F3475D66FB16FA1E" box="[1139,1197,1390,1417]" count="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">29 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF1FFB5F7585D9CFB07F923" blockId="12.[108,1215,1018,1754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B468E50FFF1FFB5F7585D9CFCD9FA38" box="[108,866,1428,1455]" collectingDate="1982-06-29" collectingDateMax="1982-07-03" collectingDateMin="1982-06-29" collectorName="J. Jaenike" location="Mount Desert Isle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maine">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF1FFB5F7585D9CFF70FA38" box="[108,203,1429,1455]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MAINE</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F7E25D9CFE1EFA39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F7E25D9CFE1EFA39" box="[214,421,1428,1455]" name="Mount Desert Isle" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Maine">Mount Desert Isle</location>
|
||
, ME
|
||
<date id="FF90A2CDFFF1FFB5F6D75D9CFD7FFA38" box="[483,708,1428,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1982-06-29" valueMax="1982-07-03" valueMin="1982-06-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD45B25FFF1FFB5F6D75D9CFD7FFA38" box="[483,708,1428,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1982-06-29" valueMax="1982-07-03" valueMin="1982-06-29">29 June-3 July 1982</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F5E45D9CFC83FA39" box="[720,824,1428,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">J. Jaenike</collectorName>
|
||
(7)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B468E50FFF1FFB5F45A5D9CFDE9FA43" collectingDate="1948-07" collectorName="M. R. Wheeler" location="Mass" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF1FFB5F45A5D9CFBEDFA38" box="[878,1110,1429,1455]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A239D2FFFF1FFB5F3565D9DFF7DFA43" location="Ipswich" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD629E8FFF1FFB5F3565D9DFB2CFA39" box="[1122,1175,1428,1455]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi</quantity>
|
||
W Ipswich
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F7E55DB3FEB0FA43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F7E55DB3FEB0FA43" box="[209,267,1466,1492]" name="Mass" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Mass</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FF90A2CDFFF1FFB5F6145DB3FE3DFA43" box="[288,390,1466,1492]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1948-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD45B25FFF1FFB5F6145DB3FE3DFA43" box="[288,390,1466,1492]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1948-07">July 1948</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F6B85DB3FD92FA43" box="[396,553,1466,1492]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M.R. Wheeler</collectorName>
|
||
(8)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B468E50FFF1FFB5F5685DB3FDAEF988" collectorName="N Brnswck & Metatype & Sturtevant" county="Morris Co." location="Grimaldi" municipality="Pompton Plains" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New Jersey">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF1FFB5F5685DB3FD46FA43" box="[604,765,1466,1492]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NEW JERSEY</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F0FC81FFF1FFB5F4315DB3FC3AFA43" box="[773,897,1466,1492]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Morris Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF51E77FFF1FFB5F4BF5DB3FB85FA43" box="[907,1086,1466,1492]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pompton Plains</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, vi.10.2012, D.
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F7B95DD6FF4EFA6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F7B95DD6FF4EFA6E" box="[141,245,1503,1529]" county="Morris Co." municipality="Pompton Plains" name="Grimaldi" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="New Jersey">Grimaldi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectedFrom id="3832C7F0FFF1FFB5F6355DE9FE6EFA6E" box="[257,469,1503,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF1FFB5F6135DE9FE6EFA6E" box="[295,469,1503,1529]" class="Aves" family="Passerellidae" genus="Lysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF1FFB5F6135DE9FE6EFA6E" box="[295,469,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lysurus borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
fungus (rotten fish smell) (17);
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F40E5DE9FC03FA6E" box="[826,952,1503,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N Brnswck</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF1FFB5F4F25DE9FBC4FA6E" box="[966,1151,1503,1530]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
] NJ /
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F7595E0CFF6CF988" box="[109,215,1541,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Metatype</collectorName>
|
||
VI/20 [
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F6055E0CFE13F988" box="[305,424,1541,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sturtevant</collectorName>
|
||
coll.] (9)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF1FFB5F5165E0CFD01F988" box="[546,698,1541,1567]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NEW YORK</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B468E50FFF1FFB5F5F25E0CFE03F9FE" collectorName="City & A. H. Sturtevant & Metatype & Chenango Valley St. Park, IV & D. A. Grimaldi & Trumansburg, VI & D. Grimaldi" location="Valley St. Park" municipality="Chenango Valley St." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New York">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF1FFB5F5F25E0CFC82F989" box="[710,825,1540,1567]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F47D5E0DFC3BF989" box="[841,896,1540,1566]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">City</collectorName>
|
||
], X.12.14,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F4CC5E0CFB10F988" box="[1016,1195,1541,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A.H. Sturtevant</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F7585E23FF6EF9D3" box="[108,213,1578,1604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Metatype</collectorName>
|
||
(1);
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F63D5E23FDEAF9D2" box="[265,593,1578,1605]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF51E77FFF1FFB5F63D5E23FE51F9D3" box="[265,490,1578,1604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Chenango
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F6B75E23FE51F9D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F6B75E23FE51F9D3" box="[387,490,1578,1604]" municipality="Chenango Valley St." name="Valley St. Park" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="New York">Valley St.</location>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Park, IV
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
/15-V/6, 1982,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F5C25E23FC2DF9D3" box="[758,918,1578,1604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D.A. Grimaldi</collectorName>
|
||
(6);
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F4FF5E23FB2BF9D3" box="[971,1168,1578,1604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trumansburg, VI</collectorName>
|
||
/16- 22/83,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F78D5E59FEFFF9FE" box="[185,324,1615,1642]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D. Grimaldi</collectorName>
|
||
, coll. (22)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B468E50FFF1FFB5F6F75E46FECDF923" collectorName="J. Jaenike & Raleigh" county="Alum Cave Bluffs" location="Cave Bluffs" municipality="Alum Cave" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF1FFB5F6F75E46FD05F9FE" box="[451,702,1615,1641]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NORTH CAROLINA</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F0FC81FFF1FFB5F5FD5E46FC2FF9FE" box="[713,916,1615,1641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF51E77FFF1FFB5F5FD5E46FCF1F9FE" box="[713,842,1615,1641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Alum
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F4265E46FCF1F9FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F4265E46FCF1F9FE" box="[786,842,1615,1641]" county="Alum Cave Bluffs" municipality="Alum Cave" name="Cave Bluffs" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="North Carolina">Cave</location>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Bluffs
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F4945E46FB02F9FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F4945E46FB02F9FE" box="[928,1209,1615,1641]" county="Alum Cave Bluffs" municipality="Alum Cave" name="Great Smoky Mountains" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="North Carolina">Great Smoky Mountains</location>
|
||
, VII/18-22/82;
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F6255E7DFE65F918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F6255E7DFE65F918" box="[273,478,1652,1679]" county="Alum Cave Bluffs" municipality="Alum Cave" name="Clingman's Dome" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="North Carolina">Clingman’s Dome</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F6DF5E7CFCBEF919" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F6DF5E7CFCBEF919" box="[491,773,1652,1679]" county="Alum Cave Bluffs" municipality="Alum Cave" name="Great Smoky Mountains" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="North Carolina">Great Smoky Mountains</location>
|
||
, VII/18-22/82,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F4815E7CFBA6F919" box="[949,1053,1652,1679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">J. Jaenike</collectorName>
|
||
(11);
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F3575E7DFB00F919" box="[1123,1211,1652,1678]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Raleigh</collectorName>
|
||
, VIII/3/82,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F7D05E93FEF7F923" box="[228,332,1690,1716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">J. Jaenike</collectorName>
|
||
(3)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B468E50FFF1FFB5F6B65E93FB02F923" box="[386,1209,1690,1716]" collectorName="White Oak Bayou, VI & J. Jaenike" county="Harris Co." location="Houston" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF1FFB5F6B65E93FE60F923" box="[386,475,1690,1716]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TEXAS</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F6D25E93FDF2F923" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF1FFB5F6D25E93FDF2F923" box="[486,585,1690,1716]" county="Harris Co." name="Houston" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Texas">Houston</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F0FC81FFF1FFB5F5615E93FD76F923" box="[597,717,1690,1716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Harris Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F5ED5E93FC6AF923" box="[729,977,1690,1716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">White Oak Bayou, VI</collectorName>
|
||
/20/83,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F3125E93FB36F923" box="[1062,1165,1690,1716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">J. Jaenike</collectorName>
|
||
(7)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF1FFB5F75A5EB6FB3BF94E" blockId="12.[108,1215,1018,1754]" box="[110,1152,1727,1754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B468E50FFF1FFB5F75A5EB6FBC7F94E" box="[110,1148,1727,1754]" collectorName="Mad Brook Farm, E & Orlean Co., VT & D. Grimaldi" county="Orlean Co." location="Orlean Co." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Vermont">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF1FFB5F75A5EB6FF41F94E" box="[110,250,1727,1753]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">VERMONT</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F6305EB6FE5CF94D" box="[260,487,1727,1754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mad Brook Farm, E</collectorName>
|
||
. Charleston,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F5435EB6FC9EF94D" box="[631,805,1727,1754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F0FC81FFF1FFB5F5435EB6FD4FF94E" box="[631,756,1727,1753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Orlean Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
, VT
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
VII/15-25/82,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF1FFB5F4FF5EC9FBE9F94E" box="[971,1106,1727,1754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D. Grimaldi</collectorName>
|
||
(4)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334D786FFF0FFB4F7A858E8FD45FED1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF0FFB4F7A858E8FD45FED1" blockId="13.[108,1213,225,924]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B468E50FFF0FFB4F7A858E8FD41FED1" collectorName="M. Miller" location="North America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas, Florida">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION: The eastern half of
|
||
<location id="8EF1D2D6FFF0FFB4F57158E8FD44FF6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387351BFFF1FFB4F6AF5B5BFC45FC0C:8EF1D2D6FFF0FFB4F57158E8FD44FF6C" box="[581,767,225,251]" name="North America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Texas, Florida">North America</location>
|
||
, including prairie states; from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF0FFB4F34058EBFF78FEB6" isEnumeration="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Texas, Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the Gulf coast in the south, to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF0FFB4F552590EFD08FEB6" box="[614,691,263,289]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Maine</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF0FFB4F41B590EFB9BFEB6" box="[815,1056,263,289]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ontario and Québec</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the north, west to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA4AEFFFF0FFB4F7FC5925FEFDFED1" box="[200,326,300,326]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF9FCFFF0FFB4F6625925FE53FED0" author="Miller, D. D." box="[342,488,300,327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="52 - 70" refId="ref19748" refString="Miller, D. D. 1958. Geographical distribution of the American Drosophila affinis subgroup species. American Midland Naturalist 60: 52 - 70." type="journal article" year="1958">Miller, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBE1DBFFF0FFB4F6C05924FDDEFED1" box="[500,613,300,327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. Miller</collectorName>
|
||
et al., 2017)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334D786FFF0FFB4F7A95958FC45FC0C" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF0FFB4F7A95958FB32FD01" blockId="13.[108,1213,225,924]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
COMMENTS: The main breeding sites of this very abundant species have not been determined. These flies are attracted to a variety of substrates and will breed in low levels in such varied host plants as decaying spadices of skunk cabbage (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F40E5995FBFAFE21" box="[826,1089,412,438]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Symplocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foetidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF0FFB4F40E5995FBFAFE21" box="[826,1089,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Symplocarpus foetidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F3665995FB0FFE21" box="[1106,1204,412,438]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF9FCFFF0FFB4F74059C8FE00FE4C" author="Grimaldi, D. & J. Jaenike" box="[116,443,449,475]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="83 - 89" refId="ref19103" refString="Grimaldi, D., and J. Jaenike. 1983. The Diptera breeding on skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus foetidus (Araceae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 91 (1): 83 - 89." type="journal article" year="1983">Grimaldi and Jaenike, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and fruits of mayapple and huckleberry (respectively,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F37D59C8FF44FD96" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Podophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peltatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF0FFB4F37D59C8FF44FD96" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Podophyllum peltatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F62459EEFE00FD96" box="[272,443,487,513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Berberidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F53659EEFD73FD96" box="[514,712,487,513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaylussacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF0FFB4F53659EEFD37FD96" box="[514,652,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gaylussacia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F5EC59EEFC2AFD96" box="[728,913,487,513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF0FFB4F5EC59EEFCEFFD97" box="[728,852,487,512]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Vaccinium</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F4AB59EEFBA9FD96" box="[927,1042,487,513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF9FCFFF0FFB4F31959EEFEBDFDB0" author="Carson, H. L. & H. D. Stalker" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="317 - 330" refId="ref18470" refString="Carson, H. L., and H. D. Stalker. 1951. Natural breeding sites for some wild species of Drosophila in the eastern United States. Ecology 32: 317 - 330." type="journal article" year="1951">Carson and Stalker, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). I have also found them attracted to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F5F45A04FCC3FDB1" box="[704,888,524,550]" class="Aves" family="Passerellidae" genus="Lysurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF0FFB4F5F45A04FCC3FDB1" box="[704,888,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lysurus borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fungus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F4EA5A05FBDBFDB1" authorityName="Corda" authorityYear="1842" box="[990,1120,524,550]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Phallaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Phallales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="family">Phallaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which has the smell of rotten fish (full record given above), but it wasn’t determined whether they were breeding in the fungus. The species has not been found to breed in mushrooms, despite all the efforts in breeding flies from various macrofungi (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF9FCFFF0FFB4F4735A74FBC7FD01" author="Werner, T. & J. Jaenike" box="[839,1148,636,663]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref20430" refString="Werner, T., and J. Jaenike. 2017. Drosophilids of the Midwest and Northeast. River Campus Libraries, University of Rochester (New York), 256 pp." type="book" year="2017">Werner and Jaenike, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91840DFFF0FFB4F7A85AABFC45FC0C" blockId="13.[108,1213,225,924]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
An interesting aspect of the natural history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F5E55AABFC80FD2C" authorityName="Sturtevant" authorityYear="1916" box="[721,827,673,699]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF0FFB4F5E55AABFC80FD2C" box="[721,827,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is their attraction in significant numbers to the flowers of pawpaw (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F5205ACEFD72FD76" box="[532,713,711,737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Asimina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF0FFB4F5205ACEFD72FD76" box="[532,713,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Asimina triloba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F5E35ACEFCD0FD76" box="[727,875,711,737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF9FCFFF0FFB4F4B05ACEFB9AFD76" author="Martin, K. R." box="[900,1057,711,737]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref19710" refString="Martin, K. R. 2021. When flowers play dead: microbes as architects of a " deceptive " floral phenotype. Ph. D. dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York." type="book" year="2021">Martin, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFF9FCFFF0FFB4F3195ACEFF6FFC91" author="Goodrich, K. R. & I. Ellis & A. DeHaas & R. Senski & J. Savage" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="485 - 497" refId="ref18995" refString="Goodrich, K. R., I. Ellis, A. DeHaas, R. Senski, and J. Savage. 2023. False advertising with fermented scents: floral mimicry in pawpaw (Asimina triloba: Annonaceae) pollination. International Journal of Plant Science 184 (6): 485 - 497." type="journal article" year="2023">Goodrich et al., 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Various drosophilids are the most abundant visitors to the flowers, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F30D5AE4FB19FC91" authorityName="Sturtevant" authorityYear="1916" box="[1081,1186,748,774]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF0FFB4F30D5AE4FB19FC91" box="[1081,1186,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most abundant fruit fly visitor. The tree has a distribution throughout eastern North America similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F6545B3EFE73FCC6" authorityName="Sturtevant" authorityYear="1916" box="[352,456,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF0FFB4F6545B3EFE73FCC6" box="[352,456,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The flowering of pawpaw occurs in the early spring, the flowers smelling yeasty and fermenting; it is unknown whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EFF8EFFF0FFB4F4325B54FCD6FCE1" authorityName="Sturtevant" authorityYear="1916" box="[774,877,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A581FFFF0FFB4F4325B54FCD6FCE1" box="[774,877,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a significant pollinator of this plant, whether they breed in its flowers and fruits, or possibly even both.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |