plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/0B/CC/030BCC0086620051B4DDFDF446D8F902.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

290 lines
38 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="94F216BC0047B37331F6A8D0813F81EB" ID-CLB-Dataset="27415" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="08d6b159-99f8-4a24-b8c0-c7f5f6a33b54" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2627733" ID-ZooBank="CAFAD1A2-9A50-4B24-A8A9-4C4F0D9FFCE1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554322893656" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P., Cooper, Steven J. B. &amp; Austin, Andrew D." docDate="2019" docId="030BCC0086620051B4DDFDF446D8F902" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4560.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4560 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Choeras Mason 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="403" masterDocId="FF32B47886600053B44AFFE24405FFB5" masterDocTitle="New species of Australian microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) documented through the ‘ Bush Blitz’ surveys of national reserves" masterLastPageNumber="440" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="403" updateTime="1698670967732" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="C7245EACE90BD5048A9EF4844161FBDB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="72F677A4498B6BACF1E8FC5C30996E8C">
<mods:title id="CD0E7F97623DF4ED061D6D791191E9A2">New species of Australian microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) documented through the ‘ Bush Blitz’ surveys of national reserves</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7E19CA19FEADBC27C988ECDF4199F584" type="personal">
<mods:role id="22B0BCC6DC1B5D7A993661CA357B3FED">
<mods:roleTerm id="4F9E107A04BFD23F7E1A764E38451D45">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FA6A09F61A997F888D2A2922DC912C54">Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="79592EE432159B54523C217F4A3DCA19" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C944F64AE9F2617130A4D46333992BDD">
<mods:roleTerm id="6AF7F5DDE330FD383BF070B7C66FE5DA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F50417CB98F7C1994A35F61E5E785CF4">Cooper, Steven J. B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6A2B76E8DDB74522E8D1D0601823226F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7FC49952EFF83C026B8CCFC6A3BE80A5">
<mods:roleTerm id="42DEE3FE2E90762285855CDEE25B9009">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F5EF4BC9F1433BE4BA5A546EE714041F">Austin, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="94497AE8EFFF601C7D600E8FF0828022">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="23BCDBE2F030C24B03F5B241CF7AAB7A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="E0093D7B24E5A844A7371CE9F9796E4B">
<mods:title id="57190D1ECBC64AB130A2538D3650B6BB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C01F77C0160A2C22946CA9BD71EAE7B0">
<mods:date id="33091B4A59F356A66B9B887CBC459A26">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E8F154F9DE816814F72C05A0EAFEAA6A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5978A3535059697794CA4A6EA108A2CA">2019-02-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="DC30048C141ECA5B54E41E79BA5D7590" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7082B48637AC7CD8D131C9F93AD92058">4560</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="71BE2FCFB8FD1BA679E2E92FE882430F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="4831EB3036A537944F0FB885AAE8ED3A">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="9B81C1C3E32566276333D77BA26BE443" unit="page">
<mods:start id="25A6B5A3C18E6F4392B07E99AB8C6DF3">401</mods:start>
<mods:end id="092F41A1C733042393B2AAE7AB953A57">440</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="78C4249D7B59BDFDE0F8CFC0954660B9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9107415F1327BF12094835E18D4C8365" type="CLB-Dataset">27415</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8140E81CD552351A9C9F4D1AF7A71662" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8285A106C63728374762DC03805A7561" type="GBIF-Dataset">08d6b159-99f8-4a24-b8c0-c7f5f6a33b54</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A83459853A6475EEAB1F278F62F9ED85" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4809A7FCF2C493C62B9FE2714DF81FBF" type="Zenodo-Dep">2627733</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9317B442D2EFB991365DF29F3FC728EB" type="ZooBank">CAFAD1A2-9A50-4B24-A8A9-4C4F0D9FFCE1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="030BCC0086620051B4DDFDF446D8F902" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3511661" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533253" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3511661" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:030BCC0086620051B4DDFDF446D8F902" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/030BCC0086620051B4DDFDF446D8F902" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<subSubSection id="C3B82E9D86620051B4DDFDF445A4FD85" box="[151,417,534,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B1D7D1686620051B4DDFDF445A4FD85" blockId="2.[151,417,534,560]" box="[151,417,534,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<heading id="D055CA7A86620051B4DDFDF445A4FD85" bold="true" box="[151,417,534,560]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B4DDFDF445A4FD85" authority="Mason, 1981" authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,417,534,560]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B4DDFDF445A4FD85" bold="true" box="[151,417,534,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B4DDFDF444F9FD85" bold="true" box="[151,252,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Choeras</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B549FDF445A4FD85" author="Mason, W. R. M." box="[259,417,534,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref17703" refString="Mason, W. R. M. (1981) The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenopera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 113, 1 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 113115 fv" type="journal article" year="1981">Mason, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3B82E9D86620051B4DDFDBF458EFD7A" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B1D7D1686620051B4DDFDBF458EFD7A" blockId="2.[151,1436,605,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABB25A3886620051B4DDFDBF458EFD7A" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B4DDFDBF45A5FDC6" authority="Mason, 1981: 76" authorityName="Mason" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,416,605,627]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B4DDFDBF44E8FDC6" box="[151,237,605,627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Choeras</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A035B0786620051B4B9FDBC45A5FDC6" author="Mason, W. R. M." box="[243,416,605,627]" page="76" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B4B9FDBC457EFDC6" author="Mason, W. R. M." box="[243,379,605,627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref17703" refString="Mason, W. R. M. (1981) The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenopera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 113, 1 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 113115 fv" type="journal article" year="1981">Mason, 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 76
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A035B0786620051B5E1FDBF46ECFDC6" author="Austin, A. D. &amp; Dangerfield, P. C." box="[427,745,605,627]" page="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B5E1FDBF46C6FDC6" author="Austin, A. D. &amp; Dangerfield, P. C." box="[427,707,605,627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref16347" refString="Austin, A. D. &amp; Dangerfield, P. C. (1992) Synopsis of Australasian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a key to genera and description of new taxa. Invertebrate Systematics, 6, 1 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9920001" type="journal article" year="1992">Austin &amp; Dangerfield 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 18
</treatmentCitation>
; van
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B755FDBF47CCFDC6" author="van Achterberg, C." box="[799,969,605,627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="19 - 35" refId="ref16123" refString="van Achterberg, C. (2002) Western Palaearctic genera of the subfamily Microgastrinae: a re-appraisal of the generic and tribal division (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In: Melika G. &amp; Thuroczy G. (Eds.), Parasitic wasps: evolution, systematics, biodiversity and biological control. Agroinform, Budapest, pp. 19 - 35." type="book chapter" year="2002">Achterberg 2002</bibRefCitation>
(treated as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B085FDBF4197FDC6" ID-CoL="62CWH" authority="Foerster" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1862" box="[1231,1426,605,627]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B085FDBF4136FDC6" box="[1231,1331,605,627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Apanteles</emphasis>
Foerster
</taxonomicName>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0A035B0786620051B48DFD9E45A1FD27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3507534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3507534" author="Song, S. &amp; He, J. &amp; Chen, X." box="[199,420,636,658]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC87D6FF95595858FFA0B607C3D26B" page="502" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B48DFD9E4576FD27" author="Song, S. &amp; He, J. &amp; Chen, X." box="[199,371,636,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="501 - 554" refId="ref18505" refString="Song, S., He, J. &amp; Chen, X. (2014) The subgenus Choeras Mason, 1981 of genus Apanteles Foerster, 1862 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from China, with descriptions of eighteen new species. Zootaxa, 3754 (5), 501 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3754.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Song
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B548FD9F4533FD27" box="[258,310,636,658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
: 502
</treatmentCitation>
(treated as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B6FBFD9E4710FD27" ID-CoL="62CWH" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1862" box="[689,789,636,658]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B6FBFD9E4710FD27" box="[689,789,636,658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Apanteles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Ghafouri
<treatmentCitation id="0A035B0786620051B7C5FD9E40BEFD27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5954913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5954913" author="Moghaddam, M. G. &amp; Rakhshani, E. &amp; van Achterberg, C. &amp; Mokhtari, A." box="[911,1211,636,658]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB23A22FFFCCFFD4FF5CF989FCFDCADA" page="457" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B7C5FD9E4082FD27" author="Moghaddam, M. G. &amp; Rakhshani, E. &amp; van Achterberg, C. &amp; Mokhtari, A." box="[911,1159,636,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="455 - 476" refId="ref17502" refString="Moghaddam, M. G., Rakhshani, E., van Achterberg, C. &amp; Mokhtari, A. (2018) Review of the Iranian species of Choeras Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 4446 (4), 455 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4446.4.3" type="journal article" year="2018">
Moghaddam
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B05CFD9F404FFD27" box="[1046,1098,636,658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: 457
</treatmentCitation>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B0B8FD9E419EFD27" author="Shenefelt, R. D." box="[1266,1435,636,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="669 - 812" refId="ref18271" refString="Shenefelt, R. D. (1973) Braconidae 5: Microgastrinae. In: van der Vecht, J. &amp; Shenefelt, R. D. (Eds.), Hymenopteroeum Catalogus, Fol. 9. Uitgeverij Dr. W. Junk N. V., Gravenhage, pp. 669 - 812." type="book chapter" year="1973">Shenefelt (1973)</bibRefCitation>
for earlier bibliographic history of species, and
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B68FFD784025FD05" author="Fagan-Jeffries, E. P. &amp; Austin, A. D." box="[709,1056,666,688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="349 - 358" refId="ref16541" refString="Fagan-Jeffries, E. P. &amp; Austin, A. D. (2018) Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Choeras Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from Australasia, with the description of two new species. Austral Entomology, 57, 349 - 358. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12283" type="journal article" year="2018">Fagan-Jeffries and Austin (2018)</bibRefCitation>
for a review and comments on the Australasian fauna.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3B82E9D86620051B4DDFD3B4032FD5B" box="[151,1079,728,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B1D7D1686620051B4DDFD3B4032FD5B" blockId="2.[151,1436,605,750]" box="[151,1079,728,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<typeStatus id="5419C3B486620051B4DDFD3B44CCFD5B" box="[151,201,729,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B56CFD3A4739FD5B" authority="Viereck 1911" authorityName="Viereck" authorityYear="1911" box="[294,828,728,750]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis" subGenus="Pseudapanteles">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B56CFD3A458FFD5B" box="[294,394,728,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Apanteles</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B5D2FD3A4632FD5B" box="[408,567,728,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Pseudapanteles</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B60CFD3A46A8FD5B" box="[582,685,728,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">consimilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B6F9FD3A4739FD5B" author="Viereck, H. L." box="[691,828,728,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="173 - 96" refId="ref18656" refString="Viereck, H. L. (1911) Descriptions of six new genera and thirty-one new species of ichneumon flies. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 40, 173 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1812.173" type="journal article" year="1911">Viereck 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3B82E9D86620051B4DDFCF84177FC76" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B1D7D1686620051B4DDFCF84177FC76" blockId="2.[151,1437,794,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B4DDFCF8450BFC86" bold="true" box="[151,270,794,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Fore wing areolet absent, small or large; propodeum either with median longitudinal carina or carina absent, but never with any indication of an areola, surface smooth to coarsely rugose; T1 usually parallel-sided or narrowing posteriorly; T2 either transverse rectangular, subtriangular, broadly pentagonal or almost linear; hypopygium medio-longitudinally folded with several striae (as in
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B726FC6447DDFC2B" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1862" box="[876,984,902,926]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B726FC6447DDFC2B" box="[876,984,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Apanteles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), degree of striations variable to the point where hypopygium has only faint lateral creases; ovipositor sheaths from about half as long as metatibia to longer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3B82E9D86620051B48DFC2C46D8F902" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B1D7D1686620051B48DFC2C4655F9DA" blockId="2.[151,1437,794,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B48DFC2C453EFC52" bold="true" box="[199,315,974,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B50FFC2C45A1FC53" authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1981" box="[325,420,974,998]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B50FFC2C45A1FC53" box="[325,420,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Choeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a cosmopolitan genus, with nearly 60 species described worldwide (
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B0A3FC2D4192FC52" author="Yu, D. &amp; van Achterberg, C. &amp; Horstmann, K." box="[1257,1431,974,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refId="ref19230" refString="Yu, D., van Achterberg, C. &amp; Horstmann, K. (2016) World Ichneumonoidea 2015. Taxonomy, Biology, Morphology and Distribution. Taxapad, Vancouver. [CD-Rom]" type="book" year="2016">
Yu
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B15FFC2D4157FC53" box="[1301,1362,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B4DDFC1045ECFBBE" author="Fagan-Jeffries, E. P. &amp; Austin, A. D." box="[151,489,1010,1035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="349 - 358" refId="ref16541" refString="Fagan-Jeffries, E. P. &amp; Austin, A. D. (2018) Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Choeras Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from Australasia, with the description of two new species. Austral Entomology, 57, 349 - 358. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12283" type="journal article" year="2018">Fagan-Jeffries &amp; Austin 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Ghafouri
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B62AFC104777FBBE" author="Moghaddam, M. G. &amp; Rakhshani, E. &amp; van Achterberg, C. &amp; Mokhtari, A." box="[608,882,1010,1035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="455 - 476" refId="ref17502" refString="Moghaddam, M. G., Rakhshani, E., van Achterberg, C. &amp; Mokhtari, A. (2018) Review of the Iranian species of Choeras Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 4446 (4), 455 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4446.4.3" type="journal article" year="2018">
Moghaddam
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B6BFFC11472BFBBE" box="[757,814,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). There are currently nine species described from Australasia:
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B569FBF54630FB9A" authority="(Nixon 1965)" authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Nixon" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[291,565,1046,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calacte">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B569FBF54590FB9B" box="[291,405,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. calacte</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B5E9FBF44628FB9A" author="Nixon, G. E. J." box="[419,557,1046,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 284" refId="ref17759" refString="Nixon, G. E. J. (1965) A reclassification of the tribe Microgasterini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Supplement 2 (2), 1 - 284." type="journal article" year="1965">Nixon 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B60BFBF54735FB9A" authority="(Nixon 1965)" authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Nixon" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[577,816,1046,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceto">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B60BFBF54695FB9B" box="[577,656,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. ceto</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B6D4FBF4472DFB9A" author="Nixon, G. E. J." box="[670,808,1046,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 284" refId="ref17759" refString="Nixon, G. E. J. (1965) A reclassification of the tribe Microgasterini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Supplement 2 (2), 1 - 284." type="journal article" year="1965">Nixon 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B776FBF54049FB9A" authority="(Nixon 1965)" authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Nixon" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[828,1100,1046,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissors">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B776FBF547A9FB9B" box="[828,940,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. dissors</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B7F0FBF44041FB9A" author="Nixon, G. E. J." box="[954,1092,1046,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 284" refId="ref17759" refString="Nixon, G. E. J. (1965) A reclassification of the tribe Microgasterini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Supplement 2 (2), 1 - 284." type="journal article" year="1965">Nixon 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B012FBF54173FB9A" authority="(Nixon 1965)" authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Nixon" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[1112,1398,1046,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epaphus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B012FBF540D3FB9B" box="[1112,1238,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. epaphus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B0AEFBF4416BFB9A" author="Nixon, G. E. J." box="[1252,1390,1046,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 284" refId="ref17759" refString="Nixon, G. E. J. (1965) A reclassification of the tribe Microgasterini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Supplement 2 (2), 1 - 284." type="journal article" year="1965">Nixon 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B1C8FBF545A3FBE6" authority="Walker (1996)" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helespas">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B1C8FBF544FDFBE6" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. helespas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B54AFBD845A3FBE6" author="Walker, A. K." box="[256,422,1082,1107]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref18704" refString="Walker, A. K. (1996) A new species of Choeras (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) widespread in New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist, 19, 43 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00779962.1996.9722020" type="journal article" year="1996">Walker (1996)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B5FEFBD947F4FBE6" authority="Fagan-Jeffries &amp; Austin (2017)" authorityName="Fagan-Jeffries &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2017" box="[436,1009,1082,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koalascatocola">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B5FEFBD9467AFBE6" box="[436,639,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. koalascatocola</emphasis>
Fagan-Jeffries &amp; Austin (2017)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B7B4FBD944E1FBC2" authority="Fagan-Jeffries &amp; Austin (2017)" authorityName="Fagan-Jeffries &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morialta">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B7B4FBD94084FBE6" box="[1022,1153,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. morialta</emphasis>
Fagan-Jeffries &amp; Austin (2017)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B4B9FBBD4631FBC2" authority="(Wilkinson 1936)" authorityName="Wilkinson" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Wilkinson" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[243,564,1118,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papua">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B4B9FBBD455BFBC3" box="[243,350,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. papua</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B53AFBBC4629FBC2" author="Wilkinson, D. S." box="[368,556,1118,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref18974" refString="Wilkinson, D. S. (1936) Microgasterinae: notes and new species (Hym. Brac.). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 5, 81 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1936. tb 01320. x" type="journal article" year="1936">Wilkinson 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B63DFBBD47D7FBC2" authority="(Szepligeti 1905)" authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Szepligeti" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[631,978,1118,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tegularis">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B63DFBBD46FAFBC3" box="[631,767,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. tegularis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B75BFBBC47CFFBC2" author="Szepligeti, V. V." box="[785,970,1118,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="25 - 55" refId="ref18574" refString="Szepligeti, V. V. (1905) Exotische Braconiden: Aus den Aethiopischen, Orientalischen und Australishen regionen. Annales Museui Nationalis Hungarici, 3, 25 - 55." type="journal article" year="1905">Szepligeti 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The genus is likely to be paraphyletic (
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B4D4FB604549FB2E" author="Williams, D. J. M." box="[158,332,1154,1179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="529 - 639" refId="ref19082" refString="Williams, D. J. M. (1988) Classification, phylogeny and zoogeographic studies of species of Sathon Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 24, 529 - 639." type="journal article" year="1988">Williams 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B517FB6046A4FB2E" author="Austin, A. D. &amp; Dangerfield, P. C." box="[349,673,1154,1179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref16347" refString="Austin, A. D. &amp; Dangerfield, P. C. (1992) Synopsis of Australasian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a key to genera and description of new taxa. Invertebrate Systematics, 6, 1 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9920001" type="journal article" year="1992">Austin &amp; Dangerfield 1992</bibRefCitation>
), with the Australian fauna forming two main clades in a recent molecular study (
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B517FB444690FB0A" author="Fagan-Jeffries, E. P. &amp; Cooper, S. J. B. &amp; Bertozzi, T. &amp; Bradford, T. M. &amp; Austin, A. D." box="[349,661,1190,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1132 - 1143" refId="ref16673" refString="Fagan-Jeffries, E. P., Cooper, S. J. B., Bertozzi, T., Bradford, T. M. &amp; Austin, A. D. (2018 b) DNA barcoding of microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using high-throughput methods more than doubles the number of species known for Australia. Molecular Ecology Resources, 18, 1132 - 1143. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12904" type="journal article" year="2018">
Fagan-Jeffries
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B64DFB454647FB0B" box="[519,578,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">et al.</emphasis>
2018b
</bibRefCitation>
); one clade including species possessing a small, slit-like fore wing areolet, and a second clade of species with a large fore wing areolet that includes species appearing to be morphologically intermediate between
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B61BFB0C46B5FAB3" authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1981" box="[593,688,1262,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B61BFB0C46B5FAB3" box="[593,688,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Choeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B6A3FB0C4732FAB3" box="[745,823,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Sathon</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1399619386620051B70DFB0C478FFAB2" box="[839,906,1262,1287]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[311,1269,210,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[306,1286,195,1778]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A) The clade of specimens morphologically identified as either Choeras or Sathon (i.e. possessing either a solid hypopygium or a flexible hypopygium, respectively) with a large fore wing areolet, and B) the clade of Choeras specimens with a small fore wing areolet. Clades are isolated from a larger concatenated COI and WG Bayesian tree of Microgastrinae. * indicates nodes with ± 95% posterior probability support. The consensus species delimitation hypothesis as determined in Fagan-Jeffries et al. (2018b) is indicated with bars to the right of the tree. ^ indicates the specimen was newly sequenced since Fagan-Jeffries et al. (2018b). These clades (A and B) are not closely related in the larger phylogeny, but there is limited support in the connecting nodes. Refer to Fagan-Jeffries et al. (2018b, figure 4b) for a simplified version of the complete phylogeny depicting the relationships among genera, including between these two Choeras clades." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627735/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). It is clear that the genus needs to be revised, however, a world-wide sampling effort and inclusion of several morphologically-related genera such as
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B155FAF14168FA9E" box="[1311,1389,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Sathon</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B4DDFAD44544FAFB" box="[151,321,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Lathrapanteles</emphasis>
Williams would be required for a detailed treatment that does not cause further confusion to generic boundaries in the Microgastrinae. As such, we here place species from both of the Australian molecular clades (with fore wing areolet both large and small) into
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B689FA9C4727FA23" authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1981" box="[707,802,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B689FA9C4727FA23" box="[707,802,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Choeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but present detailed descriptions, images and molecular data, so that they can be more easily assessed in future studies. For the Australian fauna, we provisionally separate
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B4DDFA2444F3FA6B" authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,246,1478,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B4DDFA2444F3FA6B" box="[151,246,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Choeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B565FA244578FA6B" box="[303,381,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Sathon</emphasis>
based on form of the hypopygium (
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B756FA25475FFA6B" box="[796,858,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B729FA24409BFA6A" author="Austin, A. D. &amp; Dangerfield, P. C." box="[867,1182,1478,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref16347" refString="Austin, A. D. &amp; Dangerfield, P. C. (1992) Synopsis of Australasian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a key to genera and description of new taxa. Invertebrate Systematics, 6, 1 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9920001" type="journal article" year="1992">Austin &amp; Dangerfield 1992</bibRefCitation>
), with the species that we place in
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B568FA094584F9B6" authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1981" box="[290,385,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B568FA094584F9B6" box="[290,385,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Choeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possessing a hypopygium with at least some flexibility, medial folds, or striation, whilst the species we place in
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B53DF9EC45C0F993" box="[375,453,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Sathon</emphasis>
has a completely inflexible hypopygium. The distribution of two of the new species of
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B4DDF9D144F3F9FE" authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,246,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B4DDF9D144F3F9FE" box="[151,246,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Choeras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are restricted to a single collection locality in
<collectingRegion id="4966B3F486620051B742F9D04773F9FE" box="[776,886,1586,1611]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
, whilst the third species has a broad distribution across south-western
<collectingCountry id="F3B53D8686620051B5C2F9B445EAF9DA" box="[392,495,1622,1647]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="1399619386620051B5B4F9B44647F9DA" box="[510,578,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[169,1420,335,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,327,1497]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Known distribution of the three new Choeras species described in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627737/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B1D7D1686620051B48DF99946D8F902" blockId="2.[151,1437,794,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
We here formally recognise the corrected species name
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B770F9994037F926" authority="(Nixon)" authorityName="Nixon" baseAuthorityName="Nixon" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[826,1074,1658,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceto">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B770F99947CAF927" box="[826,975,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Choeras ceto</emphasis>
(Nixon)
</taxonomicName>
, which was mistakenly changed to
<taxonomicName id="4CA2069586620051B4FEF97C4556F903" box="[180,339,1694,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Choeras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cetus">
<emphasis id="B9D6A10486620051B4FEF97C4556F903" box="[180,339,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Choeras cetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF3300E786620051B537F97C46DCF902" author="Austin, A. D. &amp; Dangerfield, P. C." box="[381,729,1694,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref16347" refString="Austin, A. D. &amp; Dangerfield, P. C. (1992) Synopsis of Australasian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a key to genera and description of new taxa. Invertebrate Systematics, 6, 1 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9920001" type="journal article" year="1992">Austin and Dangerfield (1992)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink