187 lines
20 KiB
XML
187 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="8F91A13A9A2321E9C4ABB3DD0BE1075B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8B3CB5067288810398B56FD9A99604EB">
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<mods:title id="6D54074A271950631D4EF3EF47116365">Cebidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="02ED3941A860A0C16D50B1F0A6EC6664" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E0749049F31E1E3F15182CF6950DAD6C">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8820C706C99F9A4506EA891944B087D1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FB1F59ED65E25A59BB6FD6CFEB0676F7">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DF09BBF6017F0955B9CB360324F33B08">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="68545E5C16D376FD76356A6C92900DAC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="97BD2C31F6E0A538124EF597CBA2E352">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="6A349F424DF711DF003C8F5E6563431C" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="D3F306B655FC711437E8DD4D9ACEA8FD">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="B1DE3F1452ACC9114017F2C463A846A6">
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<mods:placeTerm id="A65A0C190C50759065ACF44A92663901">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="67AEC0A13581B563A4000521DCEB50C4">
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<mods:title id="717DE929037B079648A7CB58CE624570">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="560F8786B72128520D0AFAC83EC6FE6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6628237" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195828939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6628237" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:560F8786B72128520D0AFAC83EC6FE6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/560F8786B72128520D0AFAC83EC6FE6B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530D0AFAC83A2EFA3F" box="[1360,1392,1369,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530D0AFAC83A2EFA3F" blockId="4.[1359,2481,1369,1493]" box="[1360,1392,1369,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<heading id="855181FCB72128530D0AFAC83A2EFA3F" box="[1360,1392,1369,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<figureCitation id="469D2A15B72128530D0AFAC83A2EFA3F" box="[1360,1392,1369,1415]" captionStart="Plate 24: Cebidae" captionStartId="2.[88,118,3394,3419]" captionTargetBox="[15,2708,12,3628]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedia), 2. Humboldt’s Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri cassiquiarensis), 3. Ecuadorian Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri macrodon), 4. Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri ustus), 5. Guianan Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus), 6. Black-capped Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri boliviensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6628638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6628638/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">4.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530DDBFAC83776FA3F" box="[1409,2088,1369,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530DDBFAC83776FA3F" blockId="4.[1359,2481,1369,1493]" box="[1409,2088,1369,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<heading id="855181FCB72128530DDBFAC83776FA3F" box="[1409,2088,1369,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB72128530DDBFAC83776FA3F" box="[1409,2088,1369,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530001FAC8360AFA3F" box="[2139,2388,1369,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530001FAC8360AFA3F" blockId="4.[1359,2481,1369,1493]" box="[2139,2388,1369,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<heading id="855181FCB72128530001FAC8360AFA3F" box="[2139,2388,1369,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B72128530001FAC8360AFA3F" ID-CoL="4TZK4" baseAuthorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[2139,2388,1369,1415]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Saimiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ustus">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530001FAC8360AFA3F" box="[2139,2388,1369,1415]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Saimiri ustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530D15FA0836EFFA6D" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530D15FA08365BFA16" blockId="4.[1359,2481,1369,1493]" box="[1359,2309,1433,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<heading id="855181FCB72128530D15FA08365BFA16" box="[1359,2309,1433,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530D15FA083AC2FA16" bold="true" box="[1359,1436,1433,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB72128530DFFFA083903FA16" box="[1445,1629,1433,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Saimiri a dos brilé</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530E2BFA083993FA16" bold="true" box="[1649,1741,1433,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB72128530E8DFA08389EFA16" box="[1751,1984,1433,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Nacktohr-Totenkopfaffe</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530F8EFA083771FA16" bold="true" box="[2004,2095,1433,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB72128530060FA08365BFA16" box="[2106,2309,1433,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Mono ardilla orejudo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530D15FA5136EFFA6D" blockId="4.[1359,2481,1369,1493]" box="[1359,2481,1472,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<heading id="855181FCB72128530D15FA5136EFFA6D" box="[1359,2481,1472,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530D15FA51391BFA6D" bold="true" box="[1359,1605,1472,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB72128530E15FA513838FA6D" box="[1615,1894,1472,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Bare-eared Squirrel Monkey</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB72128530F2EFA5137D8FA6D" box="[1908,2182,1472,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Geoffroy's Squirrel Monkey</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB721285300CEFA5136EFFA6D" box="[2196,2481,1472,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Short-tailed Squirrel Monkey</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530FECF9963795F9F3" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530FECF9963795F9F3" blockId="4.[1974,2561,1543,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530FECF996370FF99C" bold="true" box="[1974,2129,1543,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B72128530028F9963799F9F3" ID-CoL="4TZK4" baseAuthorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Saimiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ustus">Saimiris wustus 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1843</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB721285300BAF9A3376FF950" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B721285300BAF9A3376FF950" blockId="4.[1974,2561,1543,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<materialsCitation id="6ECE3CCDB721285300BAF9A3376FF950" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804722311" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Brazil, restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to the Rio Madeira and restricted further by P. Hershkovitz in 1984 to Humaita, right bank of the Rio Madeira.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530FEDF96236DEF843" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530FEDF96236DEF843" blockId="4.[1974,2561,1543,1965]" lastBlockId="4.[1357,2562,1971,3459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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Marginally sympatric with S.
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B7212853012AF962368AF8A8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[2416,2516,1779,1808]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Saimiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sciureus">sciureus</taxonomicName>
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in the lower Rio Madeira Basin. S. wustus hybridizes with S.
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B721285300C2F8D037A2F8E6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[2200,2300,1857,1886]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Saimiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sciureus">sciureus</taxonomicName>
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, and possibly with S.
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B72128530F84F8F83701F83E" baseAuthorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & de Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[2014,2143,1897,1926]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Saimiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boliviensis">boliviensis</taxonomicName>
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. S.
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B721285300C3F8F83785F83E" baseAuthorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[2201,2267,1897,1926]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Saimiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ustus">ustus</taxonomicName>
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has five pairs of acrocentric chromosomes and although Hershkovitz aligned this species with the “Gothic arch” squirrel monkeys (S.
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B721285301DDF82236AFF86C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[2439,2545,1971,2004]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Saimiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sciureus">sciureus</taxonomicName>
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), cytogenetically it is very similar to the “Roman arch” S.
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B7212853000EF84B378BF843" baseAuthorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & de Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[2132,2261,2010,2043]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Saimiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boliviensis">boliviensis</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530D14F793365CF7CA" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="distribution">
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<caption id="8AD96618B72128530D14F793365CF7CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6628570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6628570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6628570/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" targetBox="[1362,1941,1553,1960]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530D14F793365CF7CA" blockId="4.[1357,2562,1971,3459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530D14F7933AA0F79B" bold="true" box="[1358,1534,2050,2083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Brazilian Amazon S of the Rio Solimoes-Amazonas in the states of Amazonas, Para, Mato Grosso, and Rondonia, from the Rio Tefé E to the Rio Xingu-Iriri, and S to the upper Rio Guaporé and the headwaters of the Rio Juruena.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530D14F7ED3664F59A" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530D14F7ED3664F59A" blockId="4.[1357,2562,1971,3459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530D14F7ED3915F721" bold="true" box="[1358,1611,2172,2201]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 25-35 cm (males) and 23-42 cm (females), tail 40-45 cm (males) and 31-42 cm (females); weight 710-1200 g (males) and 620-880 g (females). The Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey is similar to the Guianan Squirrel Monkey (S.
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B72128530E5BF7633935F6B7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1537,1643,2290,2319]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Saimiri" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sciureus">sciureus</taxonomicName>
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), but it is generally larger, with a shorter tail. The back is gold colored, the crown is agouti (intermixed or bordered with black in females), outer sides of thighs are grayish-agouti, and forearms, hands, and feet are orange or yellowish. The face is naked, the ears are only moderately hairy, without tufts, and arches above the eyes are of the Gothic arch type. There is some slight geographic variation in appearance; southerly Golden-backed Squirrel Monkeys have bright orange forearms, whereas over most of their distribution, this color does not extend above the wrists. Those from the lower Rio Tapajos have a yellowish crown and forearms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530D14F5B93790F55E" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530D14F5B93790F55E" blockId="4.[1357,2562,1971,3459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530D14F5B93AE3F5F1" bold="true" box="[1358,1469,2600,2633]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Lowland evergreen rainforest, including terra firma forest, seasonally inundated forest, and swamp forest. Surveys at Urucu, in the Purus Basin, by C. Peres mainly recorded Golden-backed Squirrel Monkeys in the 100-200m wide, black-water inundated forest (igapo) along river and creek-side forests. When fruit is scarce in the dry season, they become widely vagrant in the terra firma forest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530D14F56136F6F4E4" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530D14F56136F6F4E4" blockId="4.[1357,2562,1971,3459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530D14F5613906F4B5" bold="true" box="[1358,1624,2800,2829]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but as is typical of all squirrel monkeys, the diet is undoubtedly composed of fruit and small animal prey, particularly orthopterans and lepidopteran caterpillars and pupae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530D14F4F337CFF43B" box="[1358,2193,2914,2947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530D14F4F337CFF43B" blockId="4.[1357,2562,1971,3459]" box="[1358,2193,2914,2947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
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||
<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530D14F4F33A8BF43B" bold="true" box="[1358,1493,2914,2947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Breeding.</emphasis>
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There is no information available for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530D17F41C3917F398" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530D17F41C3917F398" blockId="4.[1357,2562,1971,3459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530D17F41C3962F412" bold="true" box="[1357,1596,2957,2986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey is diurnal and arboreal. Although it has not been studied in the wild, a large part ofits day likely involves moving and foraging in the lower canopy and understory of the forest, searching foliage for small animal prey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128530D14F3BB394FF306" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE193690B72128530D14F3BB394FF306" blockId="4.[1357,2562,1971,3459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530D14F3BB3751F3FF" bold="true" box="[1358,2063,3114,3143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is little specific information available for this species, but at Urucu, Peres counted two groups, one of 38 individuals and the other of 76 individuals. Densities were estimated at 0-2 groups/km? and 10-2 ind/km?.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="96BC651BB72128520D15F3543BF9FE3D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="4" pageNumber="393" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE193690B72128520D15F3543BF9FE3D" blockId="4.[1357,2562,1971,3459]" lastBlockId="5.[163,1371,277,468]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B72128530D15F35439EEF35E" bold="true" box="[1359,1712,3269,3302]" pageId="4" pageNumber="393">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Very little is known about the Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey in the wild, but its distribution coincides with the so-called arc of deforestation along the agricultural frontier in the south of the states of Para, Mato Grosso and Rondonia, where forests have been clear-cut during the last 20 years for colonization, timber, cattle ranching, and industrial agriculture (notably soy beans). In Brazil, it probably occurs in Amazonia, Juruena, and Pacaas Novos national parks; Abufari, Guaporé and Jaru biological reserves; and Cunia, Iqué, and Samuel ecological stations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="96BC651BB720285208F0FE023EC6FE6B" pageId="5" pageNumber="394" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE193690B720285208F0FE023EC6FE6B" blockId="5.[163,1371,277,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B720285208F0FE023E1AFE14" bold="true" box="[170,324,403,428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="394">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Ayres (1985), Cabrera (1957), Carretero-Pinzén et al. (2009), Groves (2001), Hershkovitz (1984), Peres (1993a, 1994b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |