133 lines
18 KiB
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133 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="33439" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9135" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb2da6f4-ce38-4e71-9dc4-25a7536fc12e" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-51-203" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE6CE007944F37B15278B45FF9A285D" ID-ZBK="DB4AA5747B144544A501B9A8FA1F0C93" ID-Zenodo-Dep="147938" ID-ZooBank="DB4AA5747B144544A501B9A8FA1F0C93" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2607-51-203" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51" ModsDocTitle="Exotic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ohio" checkinTime="1472501763768" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ivanov, Kaloyan" docDate="2016" docId="4262217E96284FAF11B2BD2BC54C40D5" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 51: 203-226" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51" docPubDate="2016-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9135" docTitle="Monomorium pharaonis Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFE6CE007944F37B15278B45FF9A285D" lastPageNumber="213" masterDocId="FFE6CE007944F37B15278B45FF9A285D" masterDocTitle="Exotic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ohio" masterLastPageNumber="226" masterPageNumber="203" pageNumber="212" updateTime="1732747810440" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="ACF372B5FAAA1544E1BD6B1364A17AFF">Exotic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ohio</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="66EF9CEC95BA023B696014EB479DF4E1">Ivanov, Kaloyan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="70CFB8BDBB9BBB77445D3996FDFB4A07">Department of Recent Invertebrates, Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Ave., Martinsville, VA 24112, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="27D47C28A227E6320C104A792139A5A1" type="email">kal.ivanov@vmnh.virginia.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="59469C5388EB99800AAD359DC644C68D">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="615874B1E55BBF58F8E7C3C1F5B38C06">
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<mods:date id="8F1491668839A49E69A2B95AF198F097">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="576122AA3882FF55ACE97AE7232219EF">2016-08-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FB3C53AD71766DDC22D87603FA11D765">51</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E01D46A50229C6542928D95551BDB931">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9135</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7840D262395B0D703CA38E7DBBADE748">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9D0083E90B84B3F44331E8F1437BFCC9" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9135</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4262217E96284FAF11B2BD2BC54C40D5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902178" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4262217E96284FAF11B2BD2BC54C40D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4262217E96284FAF11B2BD2BC54C40D5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="9" pageNumber="212" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Myrmicinae">
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<subSubSection id="96534B56C1175EBA644B834F96B97B50" pageId="9" pageNumber="212" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F10A3C421BB816FA8C972DA2FE3C5A24" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">
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<taxonomicName id="FBA4E2C0DFD5678FEC45409130BF35F4" ID-CoL="4488W" LSID="4262217E-9628-4FAF-11B2-BD2BC54C40D5" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium pharaonis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharaonis">Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6B89FD592282F5F77B3021BBB9A442FD" pageId="9" pageNumber="212" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="AF72362ECC32413CE218510BFE7A6A9A" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Distribution in Ohio.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="82A5060CBFC1A492C689A67A81EFD788" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">
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Widespread in Ohio. Counties:
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<emphasis id="4ACE5D210306D6DB9226AC2AC8169313" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Cuyahoga</emphasis>
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(material examined: Cleveland, iii.2007, leg. J.B. Keiper, inside a building, CMNH; also in
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<bibRefCitation id="0828ECC4D8D012DE5EAAEF00F0A107F9" author="Headley, AE" journalOrPublisher="The Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="19" pageNumber="222" pagination="22 - 31" refId="B24" refString="Headley, AE, 1943. The Ants of Ashtabula County, Ohio (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). The Ohio Journal of Science 43: 22 - 31" title="The Ants of Ashtabula County, Ohio (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." volume="43" year="1943">Headley 1943</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<emphasis id="74DCB7D9BBCB440D1463A2DEB3287909" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Delaware</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="71D011F14E42D20F364B4EE547DFA81E" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Franklin</emphasis>
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(M.R. Smith material in the Ohio State University collection; in
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<bibRefCitation id="FDD95B2364BB018CDA76CEFC0067FFF1" author="Wetterer, JK" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" pagination="115 - 129" refId="B67" refString="Wetterer, JK, 2010. Worldwide spread of the pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 13: 115 - 129" title="Worldwide spread of the pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="13" year="2010">Wetterer 2010</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<emphasis id="4856C6DB0C99E364107BB391937CD72B" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Greene</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B89F71FB999055C5EEAEB68678D92507" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Wayne</emphasis>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="64D195345D4D4E5EE88D2FEBA409B832" author="Coovert, GA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey" pageId="19" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 202" refId="B13" refString="Coovert, GA, 2005. The ants of Ohio (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey 15: 1 - 202" title="The ants of Ohio (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="15" year="2005">Coovert 2005</bibRefCitation>
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and references therein for all listed counties), (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="AE19FCAA8F95EED3A8A2C3FFF880E1C5" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Cardiocondyla obscurior (5), Monomorium pharaonis (6), Pheidole bilimeki (7), Tetramorium atratulum (8), and Hypoponera ragusai (9) in Ohio." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9135.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100885" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="45D9E0ADECBF80BA4590CCD3DED2631E" pageId="9" pageNumber="212" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="BEF57499380F2B5F2316F267D4EBEC8B" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Where found/Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C6FEDF31ACAC73987337C7D7F594598C" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Indoors, in heated buildings.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="545BD6EC4E7402DE65A3B55A5C2BED33" pageId="9" pageNumber="212" type="origin">
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<paragraph id="D3BEABBDC306E7F0A354BD6CC507373B" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Origin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1C05CD8F176D2C5D15D2DDBCB32C71B2" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Asia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4C261CEB7D142386470ACCD0A3D1D294" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="9" pageNumber="212" type="natural history">
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<paragraph id="402CFAD87B1CB80DA6BCA9616CB3B651" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A564CED50F73CC1427770632246C858" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">
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The pharaoh ant is arguably one of the
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<normalizedToken id="6B76704FF0F86F2CC76F873733374505" originalValue="world’s">world's</normalizedToken>
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most widespread house-infesting ants and there is a large body of literature on the pest status of this species. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="1D36EA99876885F5BD314EC722B68E82" author="Wetterer, JK" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" pagination="115 - 129" refId="B67" refString="Wetterer, JK, 2010. Worldwide spread of the pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 13: 115 - 129" title="Worldwide spread of the pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="13" year="2010">Wetterer (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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this ant is by far the most common species encountered indoors in both North America and in Europe. In tropical and subtropical regions it occurs both indoors and in natural settings, although it is rarely collected outdoors in most parts of the world (
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<bibRefCitation id="13F92899ECC65055936B23F122BBFC86" author="Wetterer, JK" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="22" pageNumber="225" pagination="115 - 129" refId="B67" refString="Wetterer, JK, 2010. Worldwide spread of the pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 13: 115 - 129" title="Worldwide spread of the pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="13" year="2010">Wetterer 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). Members of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="45B177AB799D3A21F8EFC9DD5940F44D" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="80858CAD66ADC662727E385E44DFE186" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Monomorium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be identified by their minute size, 12 segmented antennae with a three segmented club, and the dorsally smooth unarmed propodeum. Workers of
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<taxonomicName id="0B50BE779D018DC6E2DDD5CBD64494B8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium pharaonis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharaonis">
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<emphasis id="7151DE1588259572AC056F4043CFECD9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Monomorium pharaonis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from other
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<taxonomicName id="567D812B0D1179A6AC3A19E8A109637F" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6A1FCA3D91B3ACEA56C21AAFAA298DBC" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Monomorium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species by the densely punctate head and thorax, the yellowish body color, and the often infuscated posterior portion of the gaster.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="093B26CA9D1EC1EC22BE93F7D56C0251" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">
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Like other tramp species
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<taxonomicName id="378332347F7093BA4F094C5F8D504596" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium pharaonis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharaonis">
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<emphasis id="56433C7C5222A23732725E789B51A3BB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="212">Monomorium pharaonis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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possesses features that facilitate its transport and establishment including highly polygynous and extensively polydomous colonies with little intercolony aggression (
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<bibRefCitation id="64B0A17A5CFDD9D20D63D7D44E8C4210" author="Passera, L" editor="Williams, DF" journalOrPublisher="Westview Press, Boulder" pageId="20" pageNumber="223" pagination="23 - 24" refId="B43" refString="Passera, L, 1994. Characteristics of tramp species. In: Williams, DF, Ed., Exotic ants: biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Westview Press, Boulder: 23 - 24" title="Characteristics of tramp species." volumeTitle="Exotic ants: biology, impact, and control of introduced species." year="1994">Passera 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). A major contributing factor to the invasiveness of this ant is the formation of daughter colonies via fragmentation of the main nest. Newly formed nests remain in contact with the natal nest and may continue to exchange individuals after budding (
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<bibRefCitation id="1068DC7A9717E15ABCE94A96B63E65DB" author="Buczkowski, G" journalOrPublisher="Ethology" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="1091 - 1099" refId="B6" refString="Buczkowski, G, Bennett, G, 2009. Colony budding and its effects on food allocation in the highly polygynous ant, Monomorium pharaonis. Ethology 115: 1091 - 1099" title="Colony budding and its effects on food allocation in the highly polygynous ant, Monomorium pharaonis." volume="115" year="2009">Buczkowski and Bennett 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). This results in large polydomous colonies that can quickly monopolize available resources. Inside buildings pharaoh ants breed continuously throughout the year. Mating occurs in the nest and no mating flights have been observed in this species (
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<bibRefCitation id="03317F5620675650F0CB1BE8275E5203" author="Passera, L" editor="Williams, DF" journalOrPublisher="Westview Press, Boulder" pageId="20" pageNumber="223" pagination="23 - 24" refId="B43" refString="Passera, L, 1994. Characteristics of tramp species. In: Williams, DF, Ed., Exotic ants: biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Westview Press, Boulder: 23 - 24" title="Characteristics of tramp species." volumeTitle="Exotic ants: biology, impact, and control of introduced species." year="1994">Passera 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). In temperate areas nests are located exclusively inside buildings including wall spaces and foundations, under floors, in potted plants, around household items and in furniture. Workers are omnivorous and form pronounced foraging trails. They scavenge for both dead and live insects, as well as household food items, often exhibiting marked fondness for fats and meats (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F2055FE595043ACA4952878EBB7E76D" author="Smith, MR" journalOrPublisher="USDA Technical Bulletin" pageId="21" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 105" refId="B51" refString="Smith, MR, 1965. House-infesting ants of the eastern United States; their recognition, biology, and economic importance. USDA Technical Bulletin 1326: 1 - 105" title="House-infesting ants of the eastern United States; their recognition, biology, and economic importance." volume="1326" year="1965">Smith 1965</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5D5C5CF521161F520E79F64BD98DD507" author="Collingwood, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="19" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B12" refString="Collingwood, CA, 1979. The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8: 1 - 174" title="The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark." volume="8" year="1979">Collingwood 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7AB1BB45A7C09294FE548022D4858F6E" pageId="10" pageNumber="213">
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<pageBreakToken id="2C37549EB54EAA273334EB9C9A62AA79" pageId="10" pageNumber="213" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
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northern temperate regions, this small ant is highly synanthropic and depends on humans for food and shelter (
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<bibRefCitation id="490A68AB6338329274823F007897F9C3" author="Buczkowski, G" journalOrPublisher="Ethology" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="1091 - 1099" refId="B6" refString="Buczkowski, G, Bennett, G, 2009. Colony budding and its effects on food allocation in the highly polygynous ant, Monomorium pharaonis. Ethology 115: 1091 - 1099" title="Colony budding and its effects on food allocation in the highly polygynous ant, Monomorium pharaonis." volume="115" year="2009">Buczkowski and Bennett 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). In Ohio, it is known only from
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<normalizedToken id="56BB818504AFF2251CD6F9B83E511AF4" originalValue="people’s">people's</normalizedToken>
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homes and other heated buildings. In hospitals, this species can be a major nuisance and a serious health threat due to its ability to spread pathogenic bacteria onto sterile equipment and supplies (
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<bibRefCitation id="961AF49F8550460B7BB76BC9C7AB1D1E" author="Beatson, SH" journalOrPublisher="Lancet" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="425 - 427" publicationUrl="10.1016/S0140-6736(72)90869-0" refId="B2" refString="Beatson, SH, 1972. Pharaoh ants as pathogen vectors in hospitals. Lancet 1: 425 - 427, DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(72)90869-0" title="Pharaoh ants as pathogen vectors in hospitals." url="10.1016/S0140-6736(72)90869-0" volume="1" year="1972">Beatson 1972</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |