treatments-xml/data/E9/1E/0E/E91E0E512EF555D9AC94590040C40802.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5d9f7315-0593-472a-a14b-bd8f6ff42a0b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181518896" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2305-2562-1-315" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CB8696658A1A58648E866F46E1A82055" ID-ZooBank="46904661101D470583C2C49F2F86F708" ModsDocID="2305-2562-1-315" checkinTime="1618878541768" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="D'Alessandro, Paola, Iannella, Mattia, Grobbelaar, Elizabeth &amp; Biondi, Maurizio" docDate="2021" docId="E91E0E512EF555D9AC94590040C40802" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvert 62(1): 315-337" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 62 (1)" docPubDate="2021-04-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426" docTitle="Calotheca parvula" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="CB8696658A1A58648E866F46E1A82055" lastPageNumber="315" masterDocId="CB8696658A1A58648E866F46E1A82055" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Calotheca parvula species group from southern Africa, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="337" masterPageNumber="315" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" updateTime="1643429159838" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the Calotheca parvula species group from southern Africa, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>D'Alessandro, Paola</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-9152</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I- 67100, L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">paola.dalessandro@univaq.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Iannella, Mattia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I- 67100, L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grobbelaar, Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X 134, Queenswood, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Biondi, Maurizio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I- 67100, L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-19</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>62</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>315</mods:start>
<mods:end>337</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2305-2562-1-315</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181518896" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E91E0E512EF555D9AC94590040C40802" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E91E0E512EF555D9AC94590040C40802" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName LSID="E91E0E51-2EF5-55D9-AC94-590040C40802" authority="(Weise, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Weise" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Choanoflagellatea" family="Acanthoecidae" genus="Calotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calotheca parvula" order="Choanoflagellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="parvula">Calotheca parvula (Weise, 1908)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Calotheca parvula (Weise, 1908) A habitus ♂ (RSA: NCape, Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Bidouw Valley) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Karoo National Park) D spermatheca (RSA: NCape, Steinkopf). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533305" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Figs 4A-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Calotheca parvula species group." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533307" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">, 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName authority="Baly, 1878" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Acanthoecidae" genus="Eutheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eutheca parvula" order="Choanoflagellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">Eutheca parvula</taxonomicName>
Weise, 1908: 151
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Weise" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Choanoflagellatea" family="Acanthoecidae" genus="Calotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calotheca parvula" order="Choanoflagellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="parvula">Calotheca parvula</taxonomicName>
(Weise): 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-48022152" author="Biondi, M" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="97 - 155" refId="B15" refString="Biondi, M, Frasca, R, Grobbelaar, E, D'Alessandro, P, 2017. Supraspecific taxonomy of the flea beetle genus Blepharida Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Afrotropical Region and description of Afroblepharida subgen. nov. Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution 48 (2): 97 - 155, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-48022152" title="Supraspecific taxonomy of the flea beetle genus Blepharida Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Afrotropical Region and description of Afroblepharida subgen. nov." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-48022152" volume="48" year="2017">Biondi et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 124 (pars)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Lectotype</emphasis>
♀: Brit. SW-Afrika [RSA, NCape], Kl. Namaland, Steinkopf [
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-29.258333">29°15'30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="17.728056">17°43'41&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
], vii.[19]04, L. Schultze S./N, 718 (M. Biondi des. 2017) (ZMHB). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Paralectotypes</emphasis>
: Same data as lectotype, 1♀ (NHMUK).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080423301" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Aliwal N." country="Republic of South Africa" latitude="-30.698889" location="Republic of South Africa" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="26.722778" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry name="South Africa">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
: [ECape], 
<collectorName>Aliwal N.</collectorName>
[orth], [
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="-30.698889">30°41'56&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="26.722778">26°43'22&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
], 13.v.[19]79, 
<collectedFrom>
on 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhus" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Rhus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
sp
</materialsCitation>
., 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080423303" collectingDate="1911-10" collectingDateMax="1999-10-31" collectingDateMin="1911-10" collectorName="L. Viljoen, C. D. Eardley, P. Audisio, M. Biondi, M. A. Bologna, Petrusville, AcCol., J. v. Vuuren, Kliprand-Loeriesfontein, M. Snizek, J. Deckert, Bushmanld., Jackals Water, Lightfoot, South-West Afric, Aus., R. E. Turner" country="RSA" county="Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens" elevation="725" latitude="-29.816668" location="Bidouw Valley" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="22.55" municipality="Clanwilliam District" specimenCount="17" stateProvince="Cape">
<collectingCountry name="South Africa">RSA</collectingCountry>
332, 
<collectorName>L. Viljoen</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(SANC); C.P. [NCape], 
<collectingCounty>Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens</collectingCounty>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.366667">31°22'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="19.116667">19°07'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1987-09-09">9.ix.1987</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>C.D. Eardley</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(SANC); [NCape], Nieuwoudtville, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="m" value="725.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="700.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="m" value="725.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="700.0">700-750 m</elevation>
</quantity>
[
<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-31.3775">31°22'39&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="19.102222">19°06'08&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
], fynbos &amp; grassland, 
<collectedFrom>
on 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhus" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Rhus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
sp., 
<collectingDate value="1994-09-15">15.ix.1994</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>P. Audisio</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>M. Biondi</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>M.A. Bologna</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(BAQ); KP. [NCape], 
<collectorName>Petrusville</collectorName>
[
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-30.08639">30°05'11&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="24.654167">24°39'15&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<collectingDate value="1960-12">xii.1960</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>AcCol.</collectorName>
40, 
<collectorName>J. v. Vuuren</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
(SANC); N&amp;W 
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Cape</collectingRegion>
[NCape], route 
<collectorName>Kliprand-Loeriesfontein</collectorName>
[
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-30.811388">30°48'41&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="19.008612">19°00'31&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<collectingDate value="1999-10-31">31.x.1999</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>M. Snizek</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(BAQ); C.P. [WCape], 
<collectingMunicipality>Clanwilliam District</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E91E0E512EF555D9AC94590040C40802:694E732AC98B7EC942C0A490D8249E55" country="RSA" county="Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens" latitude="-29.816668" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="22.55" municipality="Clanwilliam District" name="Bidouw Valley" stateProvince="Cape">Bidouw Valley</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.133335">32°08'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="19.233334">19°14'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1987-09-07">7.ix.1987</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>C.D. Eardley</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(SANC); 
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
[WCape], 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E91E0E512EF555D9AC94590040C40802:59EA43FAE266FCE4A3DBF6B1432A2AC5" country="RSA" county="Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens" latitude="-29.816668" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="22.55" municipality="Clanwilliam District" name="Karoo National Park" stateProvince="Cape">Karoo National Park</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="1993-11-12" valueMax="1993-11-14" valueMin="1993-11-12">12-14.xi.1993</collectingDate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.316666">32°19'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="22.5">22°30'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectorName>J. Deckert</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(ZMHB); [WCape], 
<collectorName>Bushmanld.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Jackals Water</collectorName>
, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-29.816668">29°49'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="22.55">22°33'00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<collectingDate value="1911-10">x.1911</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>Lightfoot</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
(SANC); 
<collectorName>South-West Afric</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Aus.</collectorName>
<collectingDate value="1929-11-08" valueMax="1929-11-30" valueMin="1929-11-08">8-30.xi.1929</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>R.E. Turner</collectorName>
leg., 1930-113, 
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(NHMUK)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080423304" collectingDate="2002-04-02" collectingDateMax="2002-04-06" collectingDateMin="2002-04-02" collectorName="E. Holm, H. Gebhardt" country="Namibia" latitude="-27.75" location="Zebrafontein" longLatPrecision="1235" longitude="16.883333" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Karas">
<collectingCountry name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
: [
<collectingRegion country="Namibia" name="//Karas">Karas</collectingRegion>
], 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E91E0E512EF555D9AC94590040C40802:55A106197E2B506DAF0CF06BE2C08BB1" country="Namibia" latitude="-27.75" longLatPrecision="1235" longitude="16.883333" name="Zebrafontein" stateProvince="Karas">Zebrafontein</location>
, ca 
<locationDeviation location="RoshPinah">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
NNE RoshPinah
</locationDeviation>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-27.75">27°45'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="16.883333">16°53'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2002-04-02" valueMax="2002-04-06" valueMin="2002-04-02">2-6.iv.2002</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>E. Holm</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>H. Gebhardt</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(SANC)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="taxonomic remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Taxonomic remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
Body size in both males and females smaller compared to the other species in the 
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. parvula" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. parvula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, with the exception of males of 
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. danielssoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="danielssoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. danielssoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Head, antennae and legs brown; tibiae, tarsi and basal antennomeres slightly paler in some specimens; pronotum yellow, with wide dark reddish-brown patches laterally, at least on punctate lateral striae and basal furrows; elytra dirty-yellow, with distinctly darkened punctures and small sparse irregular patches on the disc, one of which is larger and always present on the suture at the end of the scutellar row of punctures (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Calotheca parvula (Weise, 1908) A habitus ♂ (RSA: NCape, Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Bidouw Valley) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Karoo National Park) D spermatheca (RSA: NCape, Steinkopf). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533305" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">4A</figureCitation>
). Pronotal lateral striae C-shaped, with punctures larger and more deeply impressed than on the elytra; basal furrows of pronotum deeply impressed; pronotal surface apparently rough, micropunctate, with additional small irregular punctation; a shallow but evident v-shaped wrinkle medially, near the pronotal base; evident punctation lining basal margin (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Calotheca parvula (Weise, 1908) A habitus ♂ (RSA: NCape, Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Bidouw Valley) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Karoo National Park) D spermatheca (RSA: NCape, Steinkopf). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533305" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">4A, B</figureCitation>
). Basal pro- and mesotarsomeres in male moderately enlarged (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Calotheca parvula (Weise, 1908) A habitus ♂ (RSA: NCape, Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Bidouw Valley) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Karoo National Park) D spermatheca (RSA: NCape, Steinkopf). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533305" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">4A</figureCitation>
). Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Calotheca parvula (Weise, 1908) A habitus ♂ (RSA: NCape, Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Bidouw Valley) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Karoo National Park) D spermatheca (RSA: NCape, Steinkopf). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533305" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">4C</figureCitation>
) distinctly sinuate laterally in ventral view; narrowing gradually apically to terminate in an acute median tooth; surface smooth, slightly wrinkled ventrolaterally; dorsal ligula short, formed by two wider truncate basal lobes which taper apically, and two thinner lateral distal lobes; in lateral view, median lobe moderately bent down, with a slightly sinuate apex. Spermatheca (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Calotheca parvula (Weise, 1908) A habitus ♂ (RSA: NCape, Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Bidouw Valley) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Karoo National Park) D spermatheca (RSA: NCape, Steinkopf). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533305" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">4D</figureCitation>
) with basal part subcylindrical, generally slender, slightly curved; distal part clearly curved, slightly narrower and generally straight or externally oriented apically, with a very short appendix; distal part shorter than half the length of the basal part; ductus basally inserted, moderately elongate, with a single coil at most.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533305" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Weise" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Choanoflagellatea" family="Acanthoecidae" genus="Calotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calotheca parvula" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Calotheca parvula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Weise, 1908) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">A</emphasis>
habitus ♂ (RSA: NCape, Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">B</emphasis>
head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Bidouw Valley) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C</emphasis>
median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Karoo National Park) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">D</emphasis>
spermatheca (RSA: NCape, Steinkopf). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">A</emphasis>
); 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">B, C</emphasis>
); 0.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="biometrics">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Biometrics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Males</emphasis>
(n = 7; mean 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
standard deviation, range): LE = 3.65 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.15 mm (3.45 ≤ LE ≤ 3.90 mm); WE = 2.57 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.13 mm (2.40 ≤ WE ≤ 2.80 mm); LP = 1.08 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.07 mm (1.00 ≤ LP ≤ 1.20 mm); WP = 2.10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.09 mm (2.00 ≤ WP ≤ 2.25 mm); LAN = 2.00 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.11 mm (1.90 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.10 mm); LAED = 1.81 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.07 mm (1.68 ≤ LAED ≤ 1.88 mm); LB = 4.61 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.22 mm (4.33 ≤ LB ≤ 5.00 mm); LE/LP = 3.38 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.12 (3.20 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 3.55); WE/WP = 1.22 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.02 (1.20 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.25); WP/LP = 1.94 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.05 (1.88 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 2.00); WE/LE = 0.70 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.02 (0.68 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.73); LAN/LB = 0.43 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.02 (0.41 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.47); LE/LAED = 2.02 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.06 (1.92 ≤ LE/LAED ≤ 2.08). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Females</emphasis>
(n = 10; mean 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
standard deviation; range): LE = 3.80 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.24 mm (3.30 ≤ LE ≤ 4.15 mm); WE = 2.73 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.21 mm (2.40 ≤ WE ≤ 3.08 mm); LP = 1.06 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.08 mm (0.95 ≤ LP ≤ 1.20 mm); WP = 2.19 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.15 mm (1.95 ≤ WP ≤ 2.45 mm); LAN = 1.87 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.12 mm (1.75 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.10 mm); LSP = 0.70 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.05 mm (0.63 ≤ LSP ≤ 0.75 mm); LB = 4.79 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.34 mm (4.10 ≤ LB ≤ 5.25 mm); LE/LP = 3.59 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.10 (3.46 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 3.75); WE/WP = 1.25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.03 (1.19 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.29); WP/LP = 2.07 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.05 (2.00 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 2.15); WE/LE = 0.72 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.02 (0.68 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.74); LAN/LB = 0.39 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.03 (0.36 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.43); LE/LSP = 5.46 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.38 (4.89 ≤ LE/LSP ≤ 5.92).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
Namibia (Karas); Republic of South Africa (ECape, NCape, WCape) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Calotheca parvula species group." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533307" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Chorotype: Southern-Western Afrotropical (SWA).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="ecological notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
Collected between 700-750 m a.s.l. in fynbos vegetation and grassland, on 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Searsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Searsia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Searsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. [= 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhus" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Rhus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pars., cf. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v37i2.311" author="Moffett, RO" journalOrPublisher="Bothalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" pagination="165 - 175" refId="B35" refString="Moffett, RO, 2007. Name changes in the Old World Rhus and recognition of Searsia (Anacardiaceae). Bothalia 37 (2): 165 - 175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v37i2.311" title="Name changes in the Old World Rhus and recognition of Searsia (Anacardiaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v37i2.311" volume="37" year="2007">Moffett (2007)</bibRefCitation>
] (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
). Adults active in April, May, July, September, October, November, December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>