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<document id="D2F42CE0A7DF42D4B32CA2B062ED05D4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3887.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac5b9b5c-3688-4911-bf4f-f1e3f13b8288" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="224822" ID-ZooBank="CB9A564A-B058-428B-8D03-8B92F641AF18" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460979435825" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bartolozzi, Luca, Ghahari, Hassan, Sprecher-Uebersax, Eva &amp; Zilioli, Michele" docDate="2014" docId="D66F385AFFD58104FF5DF93F5E21FF09" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03887p436.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3887 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lucanus xerxes Kral 2004" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="427" masterDocId="2A564022FFD18102FFCAFFBF5C71FFDC" masterDocTitle="A checklist of stag beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="436" masterPageNumber="422" pageNumber="426" updateTime="1698560000798" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="6B4C0C3A97B27DE3B12E5F39FB138286" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1A7FDE5F888DC4C5D9E3D851A737EF6D">
<mods:title id="139B2079A143DBBC3EAE44D0336A7325">A checklist of stag beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from Iran</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DC9AEE4F252D498C3305498129FF8C07" type="personal">
<mods:role id="73F73C56E361EB0FA94AE38AF5F08C91">
<mods:roleTerm id="C259CFAB4CE87663BE8B9DA60168ED03">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3FF25349DAA0E0DEED94C3B40AE42670">Bartolozzi, Luca</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4077B43E08D10F4A60C4765A1C6943E3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0BEAC0A133A6F405818136BAA9B79663">
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<mods:namePart id="25DA99F23970301C1F8ACEEEF79921B7">Ghahari, Hassan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="36E5989CDF393F4A1762B71EA4C6362F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="972CA95D97A70CE4D5FC9972875CF7D1">
<mods:roleTerm id="40645D70402E15795FB048744E61D793">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7478D0BF9E09F332CF82EB4BD7AAEE6C">Sprecher-Uebersax, Eva</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3D65362CA4553A04A4D0CF467FBEB178" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E03CD6C471E6185F89D9D2930C94F88F">
<mods:roleTerm id="BEA44BEAC94B26501B41505E632B2E5C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6583DEE2DAB759436FC57CD5616A914C">Zilioli, Michele</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F2CC2269B4D6E6DFFEBFADDF46D644E2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E329171764BC8D52447D4F96A9F935EF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="50690069E46846E5246D8C91704D8BF9">
<mods:date id="9FAEC21F2FD01F70641B855F221029A0">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1FCF203B1DA539E05CD3F54E41A8AC44" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EAFE91460A46CDAFCB3DA95C00DB0B5C">2014-11-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C034ACBF38E648702D6EB79C43FA4B85" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4F302289E49433C198CDAF528385A966">3887</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ADE3FD252D672468AF916476A097D19A">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="ECEF6DD8041640C1CC80937AB44B9845">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4166B86A4980494BD518CFD39148F92B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3887.4.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EBFBE20689BE63FED7C192AB7F04CE29" type="GBIF-Dataset">ac5b9b5c-3688-4911-bf4f-f1e3f13b8288</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="702BAF2582E75BD31B40B91792D788A2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="135D9E975D22F19FBB1C2E07324B2E1B" type="Zenodo-Dep">224822</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D66F385AFFD58104FF5DF93F5E21FF09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133683" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194043307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133683" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D66F385AFFD58104FF5DF93F5E21FF09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D66F385AFFD58104FF5DF93F5E21FF09" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<subSubSection id="16DCDAC7FFD58106FF5DF93F5D84F946" box="[151,501,1664,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD58106FF5DF93F5D84F946" blockId="4.[151,501,1664,1723]" box="[151,501,1664,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<heading id="05313E20FFD58106FF5DF93F5D84F946" bold="true" box="[151,501,1664,1690]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="99C6F2CFFFD58106FF5DF93F5D84F946" ID-CoL="3WB6C" authority="Kral, 2004" authorityName="Kral" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,501,1664,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerxes">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD58106FF5DF93F5D84F946" bold="true" box="[151,501,1664,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD58106FF5DF93F5D27F946" bold="true" box="[151,342,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">Lucanus xerxes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3A57F4BDFFD58106FEACF93F5D9DF946" author="Kral, D." box="[358,492,1664,1690]" firstAuthor="Kral" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" pagination="183 - 189" part="68" refId="ref9467" refString="Kral, D. (2004) Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from the Zagros Mts., with some distribution data to the lucanid fauna from Iran. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 68, 183 - 189." title="Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from the Zagros Mts., with some distribution data to the lucanid fauna from Iran" type="journal article" year="2004">Král, 2004</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16DCDAC7FFD58106FF5DF91D5D17F967" box="[151,358,1698,1723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="description">
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD58106FF5DF91D5D17F967" blockId="4.[151,501,1664,1723]" box="[151,358,1698,1723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
(
<figureCitation id="C6FD95C9FFD58106FF55F91D5D7AF967" box="[159,267,1698,1723]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1566,1588]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1160,1182]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1112,1134]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[462,1129,368,1548]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[384,1240,442,1141]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[419,1131,242,1082]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Female of Lucanus xerxes, habitus." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Female of Lucanus xerxes, head and pronotum." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Female of Lucanus xerxes, antenna." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339565" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339567" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339569" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6339565/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6339567/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6339569/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C6FD95C9FFD58106FEDCF91C5D2CF967" box="[278,349,1699,1723]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 27. 16" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[190,1374,208,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[180,1390,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 27. 16 — Dorcus parallelipipedus (male), 17 — Dorcus parallelipipedus (female), 18 — Dorcus peyronis (male), 19 — Dorcus peyronis (female), 20 — Dorcus prochazkai (male), 21 — Dorcus prochazkai (female), 22 — Lucanus xerxes (male), 23 — Lucanus xerxes (female), 24 — Lucanus ibericus ibericus (male), 25 — Lucanus ibericus ibericus (female), 26 — Lucanus ibericus subvelutinus (male), 27 — Lucanus ibericus subvelutinus (female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224826/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">22–23</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16DCDAC7FFD58106FF5DF95B5E55F926" box="[151,548,1764,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD58106FF5DF95B5E55F926" blockId="4.[151,548,1764,1786]" box="[151,548,1764,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7ED6AE62FFD58106FF5DF95B5E55F926" box="[151,548,1764,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<treatmentCitation id="DF67AF5DFFD58106FF5DF95B5E51F926" author="Kral" box="[151,544,1764,1786]" page="184" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" year="2004">
<taxonomicName id="99C6F2CFFFD58106FF5DF95B5E51F926" authority="Kral, 2004: 184" authorityName="Kral" authorityPageNumber="184" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,544,1764,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Pseudolucanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerxes">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD58106FF5DF95B5D06F926" box="[151,375,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">Pseudolucanus xerxes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3A57F4BDFFD58106FEB7F95B5E51F926" author="Kral, D." box="[381,544,1764,1786]" firstAuthor="Kral" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae" page="184" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" pagination="183 - 189" part="68" refId="ref9467" refString="Kral, D. (2004) Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from the Zagros Mts., with some distribution data to the lucanid fauna from Iran. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 68, 183 - 189." title="Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from the Zagros Mts., with some distribution data to the lucanid fauna from Iran" type="journal article" year="2004">Král, 2004: 184</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16DCDAC7FFD58106FF5DF8995F4DF82F" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD58106FF5DF8995F4DF82F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1830,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD58106FF5DF8995DF2F8E3" bold="true" box="[151,387,1830,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">Examined material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EEAE8311FFD58106FE43F8985810F8E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706055352" box="[393,1121,1830,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<specimenCount id="48C042C5FFD58106FE43F8985DA7F8E3" box="[393,470,1830,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="26D1C9DCFFD58106FE2BF8975E67F8E3" box="[481,534,1832,1855]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">Fars</collectingCountry>
: Kakan, E Yasug,
<date id="2A78AF8CFFD58106FD2AF8985F1DF8E3" box="[736,876,1831,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" value="2004-07-10">10.VII.2004</date>
, M. Formanek (
<collectionCode id="38D71189FFD58106FBD7F8985828F8E3" box="[1053,1113,1831,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">CLB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="EEAE8311FFD58106FBA6F8985EDDF8BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706055311" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<specimenCount id="48C042C5FFD58106FBA6F89858CBF8E3" box="[1132,1210,1830,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="26D1C9DCFFD58106FB0FF8975888F8E3" box="[1221,1273,1832,1855]" name="Iran" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">Fars</collectingCountry>
: Vazag, ~
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD58106FAA9F8995CDEF8BF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" unit="m" value="2450.0">2450 m</quantity>
,
<date id="2A78AF8CFFD58106FF76F8F45D4FF8B8" box="[188,318,1867,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" value="2005-06-30">30.VI.2005</date>
, T. Hácz and G. Petranyi (CLN)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="EEAE8311FFD58106FD73F8F45F85F8BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706055333" box="[697,1012,1867,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<specimenCount id="48C042C5FFD58106FD73F8F45F6CF8B8" box="[697,797,1867,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, same data (CMZ)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="EEAE8311FFD58106FBCAF8F45801F85B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706055334" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<specimenCount id="48C042C5FFD58106FBCAF8F4583EF8B8" box="[1024,1103,1867,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad: Mts. Zagros,
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD58106FEF0F8D05DF9F85B" box="[314,392,1902,1927]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
S of Yasug, ~
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD58106FD8AF8D15E94F85B" box="[576,741,1902,1927]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500–2000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="2A78AF8CFFD58106FD32F8D15FD5F85B" box="[760,932,1902,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" value="2000-06-14" valueMax="2000-06-15" valueMin="2000-06-14">14–15.VI.2000</date>
, T. Hácz (CLN)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="EEAE8311FFD58106FB48F8D058CEF877" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706055355" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<specimenCount id="48C042C5FFD58106FB48F8D05893F85B" box="[1154,1250,1902,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad: Mts. Zagros,
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD58106FE1CF82C5E50F870" box="[470,545,1939,1964]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
S of Yasug, ~
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD58106FD07F82C5F1EF877" box="[717,879,1939,1964]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500–2000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="2A78AF8CFFD58106FCB5F82C5F8DF870" box="[895,1020,1939,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" value="2000-07-06">6.VII.2000</date>
, T. Hácz (CLN)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="EEAE8311FFD58106FB05F82C58FDF813" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706055301" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<specimenCount id="48C042C5FFD58106FB05F82C5950F870" box="[1231,1313,1939,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="48C042C5FFD58106FAFAF82C59E9F870" box="[1328,1432,1939,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad: Yasug, ~
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD58106FDF7F8085EE4F813" box="[573,661,1975,1999]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="2A78AF8CFFD58106FD6BF8095F52F813" box="[673,803,1974,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" value="2005-06-28">28.VI.2005</date>
, T. Hácz and G. Petrányi (CLN)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="EEAE8311FFD58106FB5DF8085F4DF82F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3706055307" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">
<specimenCount id="48C042C5FFD58106FB5DF8085881F813" box="[1175,1264,1974,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad:
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD58106FEFFF8645D0DF828" box="[309,380,2011,2036]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
S Yasug,
<date id="2A78AF8CFFD58106FE26F8645E1FF828" box="[492,622,2011,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426" value="2006-06-24">24.VI.2006</date>
, T. Hácz (
<collectionCode id="38D71189FFD58106FD15F8645F41F82F" box="[735,816,2011,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="426">CKDS</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16DCDAC7FFD48107FF0DFF285848FF08" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD48107FF0DFF285E52FF73" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,392]" box="[199,547,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FF0DFF285D11FF6C" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic to
<collectingCountry id="26D1C9DCFFD48107FE24FF275E6EFF73" box="[494,543,152,175]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD48107FF0DFF035848FF08" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,392]" box="[199,1081,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FF0DFF035DCBFF09" bold="true" box="[199,442,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="26D1C9DCFFD48107FEB4FF035DC4FF09" box="[382,437,188,213]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="26D1C9DCFFD48107FE0BFF025D85FF08" box="[449,500,189,212]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Fars</collectingCountry>
, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad, Lorestan (
<bibRefCitation id="3A57F4BDFFD48107FC7FFF03585DFF08" author="Kral, D." box="[949,1068,188,213]" firstAuthor="Kral" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" pagination="183 - 189" part="68" refId="ref9467" refString="Kral, D. (2004) Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from the Zagros Mts., with some distribution data to the lucanid fauna from Iran. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 68, 183 - 189." title="Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from the Zagros Mts., with some distribution data to the lucanid fauna from Iran" type="journal article" year="2004">Král 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16DCDAC7FFD48107FF0DFF605835FE54" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD48107FF0DFF6059E4FEE3" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FF0DFF605D4AFF24" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Remarks.</emphasis>
In this paper we do not use the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="99C6F2CFFFD48107FCC5FF5F5FC8FF24" box="[783,953,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Pseudolucanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FCC5FF5F5FC8FF24" box="[783,953,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Pseudolucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because the validity of this taxon needs to be clarified.
<bibRefCitation id="3A57F4BDFFD48107FEEEFEBB5D92FEC0" author="Cox, K. &amp; Thomaes, A. &amp; Antonini, G. &amp; Zilioli, M. &amp; De Gelas, K. &amp; Harvey, D. &amp; Solano, E. &amp; Audisio, P. &amp; McKeown, N. &amp; Shaw, P. &amp; Minetti, R. &amp; Bartolozzi, L. &amp; Mergeay J." box="[292,483,260,284]" editor="Nagy, Z. T. &amp; Backeljau, T. &amp; De Meyer, M. &amp; Jordaens, K." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cox" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" pagination="105 - 126" part="365" refId="ref8839" refString="Cox, K., Thomaes, A., Antonini, G., Zilioli, M., De Gelas, K., Harvey, D., Solano, E., Audisio, P., McKeown, N., Shaw, P., Minetti, R., Bartolozzi, L. &amp; Mergeay J. (2013) Testing the performance of a fragment of the COI gene to identify western Palaearctic stag beetle species (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). In: Nagy, Z. T., Backeljau, T., De Meyer, M. &amp; Jordaens, K. (Eds.), DNA barcoding: a practical tool for fundamental and applied biodiversity research. Zookeys, 365, 105 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 365.5526" title="Testing the performance of a fragment of the COI gene to identify western Palaearctic stag beetle species (Coleoptera, Lucanidae)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="DNA barcoding: a practical tool for fundamental and applied biodiversity research" year="2013">
Cox
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FE93FEBA5DE3FEC0" box="[345,402,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
demonstrated that two supposed
<taxonomicName id="99C6F2CFFFD48107FC90FEBB5875FEC0" box="[858,1028,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Pseudolucanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FC90FEBB5875FEC0" box="[858,1028,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Pseudolucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species were nested within
<taxonomicName id="99C6F2CFFFD48107FAF7FEBA59EDFEC0" box="[1341,1436,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FAF7FEBA59EDFEC0" box="[1341,1436,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Lucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in molecular analyses. More species and specimens need to be tested to fully assess the validity of
<taxonomicName id="99C6F2CFFFD48107FB2EFE9759FFFE9C" box="[1252,1422,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Pseudolucanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FB2EFE9759FFFE9C" box="[1252,1422,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Pseudolucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD48107FF0DFEF25835FE54" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">
<taxonomicName id="99C6F2CFFFD48107FF0DFEF25D02FEB8" box="[199,371,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerxes">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FF0DFEF25D02FEB8" box="[199,371,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Lucanus xerxes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a peculiar hexamerous and very widened antennal club. The female of this taxon has never been described, so we include a description below, based on a specimen from MZC.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0AB9D9C4FFD48107FF5DFB375E88FB42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6339567" box="[151,761,1160,1182]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6339567/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" startId="5.[151,250,1160,1182]" targetBox="[396,1224,455,1141]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD48107FF5DFB375E88FB42" blockId="5.[151,761,1160,1182]" box="[151,761,1160,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FF5DFB375D63FB41" bold="true" box="[151,274,1160,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Female of
<taxonomicName id="99C6F2CFFFD48107FE4FFB365E53FB42" box="[389,546,1161,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerxes">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FE4FFB365E53FB42" box="[389,546,1161,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Lucanus xerxes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head and pronotum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="16DCDAC7FFD48104FF0DFB7A5E21FF09" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" type="description">
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD48107FF0DFB7A59ECFADD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1221,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="6CB2555EFFD48107FF0DFB7A5D8BFB02" bold="true" box="[199,506,1221,1246]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Description of the female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="C6FD95C9FFD48107FDC6FB7A5E0DFB02" box="[524,636,1221,1246]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1566,1588]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1160,1182]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1112,1134]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[462,1129,368,1548]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[384,1240,442,1141]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[419,1131,242,1082]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Female of Lucanus xerxes, habitus." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Female of Lucanus xerxes, head and pronotum." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Female of Lucanus xerxes, antenna." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339565" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339567" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339569" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6339565/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6339567/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6339569/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
). Length, including mandibles:
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD48107FC21FB7A5824FB01" box="[1003,1109,1221,1246]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="33.6">33.6 mm</quantity>
. Length, without mandibles:
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD48107FF5DFB555C8FFADD" box="[151,254,1258,1282]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.13" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="31.3">31.3 mm</quantity>
. Maximum head width:
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD48107FDC4FB555E16FADD" box="[526,615,1258,1282]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
. Maximum pronotum width:
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD48107FC7AFB565867FADD" box="[944,1046,1257,1282]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="12.6">12.6 mm</quantity>
. Maximum elytra width:
<quantity id="993E24A9FFD48107FAF8FB5659E8FADD" box="[1330,1433,1257,1282]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="5" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD48107FF0DFAB25EF7F90A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1221,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">
General form (
<figureCitation id="C6FD95C9FFD48107FEA1FAB25DDFFAFA" box="[363,430,1293,1318]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1566,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[462,1129,368,1548]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female of Lucanus xerxes, habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6339565/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) stout; fairly shiny, the entire body including antennae, palpi, and legs almost black. Head (
<figureCitation id="C6FD95C9FFD48107FF55FA8E5C93FA96" box="[159,226,1329,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1160,1182]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[384,1240,442,1141]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of Lucanus xerxes, head and pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6339567/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) transverse (w/l ratio 1.66), densely and coarsely punctate; frontal ridge concave. Frons sloping, projecting into a short, apically distinctly notched epistoma; anterior angles blunt, produced into a rather thin, punctate canthi; the latter penetrating less than half a diameter into the eye. Eyes globular; temples very short, not prominent. Mandibles short, evenly curved from base to pointed apex, with coarse punctation. Mandibles with strong dorsal keel extending from base to mid-length, terminating with a strong blunt tooth; inner teeth large, laminar, with irregularly sinuous edges. Mentum trapezoidal with rounded anterior angles and only slightly convergent lateral edges; with large, strong punctation covered with sparse, long, yellow setae. Antennal scape weakly curved, fringed along the outer side with long yellow setae. Antennomere 4 obviously shorter and broader than 3 (
<figureCitation id="C6FD95C9FFD48107FA83F99259FFF99A" box="[1353,1422,1581,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1112,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[419,1131,242,1082]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female of Lucanus xerxes, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6339569/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), inner side produced into a distinct apical triangular tooth. Antennal club with 6 antennomeres; lamellae progressively longer and more thickened at apex from antennomeres 5 to 8; antennomeres 8 to 10 approximately equal length. Antennomere 5 pubescent only on distal surface, proximal surface only with scattered setae; remaining antennomeres entirely pubescent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E79894CFFD48104FF0DF95D5E21FF09" blockId="5.[151,1437,1221,2019]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">
Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="C6FD95C9FFD48107FE80F95E5DE3F926" box="[330,402,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1160,1182]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[384,1240,442,1141]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of Lucanus xerxes, head and pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6339567/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="427">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) transverse (w/l ratio 1.66), glabrous, evenly and finely punctate; punctation gradually stronger towards sides. Anterior edge of pronotum deeply bisinuate, anterior angles rather sharp; lateral edges slightly rounded until the feebly produced median angles, then almost straight and convergent basally, clearly sinuate just before the sharp posterior angles; posterior edge slightly bisinuate. Prosternal process feebly protruding. Scutellum ogival, punctate throughout except on a narrow lateral margin and median line. Elytra fairly shiny; strongly, densely, almost regularly punctate throughout; larger intervals only slightly broader than the narrower intervals. Elytral base weakly oblique; humerus rounded; lateral edge evenly curved from base to apex with a well-marked, lateral groove; sutural angles rounded. Protibiae strongly flattened and widened towards apex with 2 robust apical teeth and 3 triangular, lateral teeth; the first 2 teeth large, the 3rd much smaller. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with 3 sharp preapical teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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