500 lines
69 KiB
XML
500 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="314D030A19D72FEB1E59B38C4B9181D2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b5a2eb3f-2555-41ba-a303-9fac9d2618c3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="284148" ID-ZooBank="17A93C58-F09C-484A-A26A-F4F27BC91A6C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460646204991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R." docDate="2013" docId="D6410C37BF63FFDEFF36FB39FBB2FEC4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03686p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3686 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Macrorhynchia allmani Nutting 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="2A78744FBF4BFFF5FFA1FFCDFFF8FFD8" masterDocTitle="New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698337017103" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="6A3CD4BA3554427F0C71876008AFB557" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="18460C0470C68C47B704BF003E13F242">
|
||
<mods:title id="8252E3A5FA39EBF3ABAB95A1B742C09F">New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="91B64780DB0675237BCDBE06CEB51FD9" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="18E64A588703E8204DE8B5516A5E2DAA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AA4C743B83368CAF253D37D674031305">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4B02115DC472F93ACF526AEBCA6BF028">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="2EAB1188498D91951C06FAE07FB2A767">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="72A238618012D3152233609DB8491468" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8039572035A1D5D9D813BE86A56B73D6">
|
||
<mods:title id="56CB0886335EC55733EA48ACE5157DCF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="7FC6F02A242074A55EA7F86708C9FB88">
|
||
<mods:date id="D802CE6A114E9D133F785FDE23A26EF4">2013</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="AB04D28E957EC7F3CC93CE24078CB961" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="D60574FCDF635EC71AA098E248A28C5D">3686</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C9D2CB85C294DF1919854CB43500D65D" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="4BE9BA165F22B9BB4A99B9C2AE8C4AE1">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="C8619A785C37F73E815F4E2E3B949C2A" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="DF83F5D34D0155C8ED5AF458B22AFAAD">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="9B25B31A9AC136B240ABB72599ACF4DB">50</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="6126ADAE39C85C80C470C2C1BCE5DFEF">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="499FFFC582912C289124F47E6EA288CA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F8B36C69C372DEBBEE7410DBB1C00A25" type="GBIF-Dataset">b5a2eb3f-2555-41ba-a303-9fac9d2618c3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7CFB3D258277D2D6134CE2CCCCFC4B92" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FD0897AEF26BF7871C09FBC7D20BDB0E" type="Zenodo-Dep">284148</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2F7EC81AD11C1C75121A883946D68935" type="ZooBank">17A93C58-F09C-484A-A26A-F4F27BC91A6C</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="D6410C37BF63FFDEFF36FB39FBB2FEC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263679" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127664783" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5263679" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D6410C37BF63FFDEFF36FB39FBB2FEC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6410C37BF63FFDEFF36FB39FBB2FEC4" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<subSubSection id="16F2EEAABF63FFDDFF36FB39FED3FAF6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF63FFDDFF36FB39FD84FAD5" blockId="40.[151,636,1267,1326]" box="[151,636,1267,1294]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<heading id="051F0A4DBF63FFDDFF36FB39FD84FAD5" bold="true" box="[151,636,1267,1294]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF63FFDDFF36FB39FD84FAD5" ID-CoL="3X992" authority="Nutting, 1900" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,636,1267,1294]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="allmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFF36FB39FD84FAD5" bold="true" box="[151,636,1267,1294]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFF36FB39FE40FAD6" bold="true" box="[151,440,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Macrorhynchia allmani</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF63FFDDFE66FB3EFD8CFAD5" author="Nutting" box="[455,628,1267,1293]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF63FFDDFF36FADBFED3FAF6" blockId="40.[151,636,1267,1326]" box="[151,299,1302,1326]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<date id="2A569BE1BF63FFDDFF75FADBFF07FAF6" box="[212,255,1302,1326]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2010-01">10 I</date>
|
||
–N)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="16F2EEAABF63FFDDFF36FA92FCA7FA69" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF63FFDDFF36FA92FD20FA4B" blockId="40.[151,1437,1374,1458]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7EF89A0FBF63FFDDFF36FA92FD20FA4B" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF63FFDDFF36FA92FE07FAAC" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,511,1374,1397]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFF36FA92FE92FAAD" box="[151,362,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Aglaophenia ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF63FFDDFED1FA93FE07FAAC" author="Allman" box="[368,511,1374,1396]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852" type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: pl. 23 figs 1–4 [invalid junior secondary homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF63FFDDFB8EFA92FA6AFAAC" authority="Busk, 1852" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1852" box="[1071,1426,1374,1397]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFB8EFA92FAFBFAAD" box="[1071,1283,1375,1397]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Aglaophenia ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Busk, 1852)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF63FFDDFF36FAB0FDCCFA4B" ID-CoL="65RGM" authority="Nutting, 1900: 100" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,564,1405,1427]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="allmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFF36FAB0FE93FA4B" box="[151,363,1405,1427]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Aglaophenia allmani</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DF499B30BF63FFDDFED3FAB0FDCCFA4B" author="Nutting" box="[370,564,1405,1427]" page="100" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1900">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF63FFDDFED3FAB0FDFAFA4B" author="Nutting" box="[370,514,1405,1427]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 100
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 22 figs 2–3.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF63FFDDFF36FA51FCA7FA69" blockId="40.[151,1437,1374,1458]" box="[151,863,1435,1458]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7EF89A0FBF63FFDDFF36FA51FCA7FA69" box="[151,863,1435,1458]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF63FFDDFF36FA51FE7EFA6A" ID-CoL="3X992" box="[151,390,1436,1458]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="allmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFF36FA51FE7EFA6A" box="[151,390,1436,1458]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Macrorhynchia allmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DF499B30BF63FFDDFE01FA56FDB3FA69" author="Calder" box="[416,587,1435,1457]" page="64" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF63FFDDFE01FA56FDDDFA69" author="Calder" box="[416,549,1435,1457]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1997">Calder, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 64
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 19; 2013: 50, fig.
|
||
<specimenCount id="48EE76A8BF63FFDDFC92FA51FCA7FA69" box="[819,863,1436,1457]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">14F.</specimenCount>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="16F2EEAABF63FFDDFF36FA13FDDFF972" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF63FFDDFF36FA13FDDFF972" blockId="40.[151,1436,1502,2030]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFF36FA13FE84FA2F" bold="true" box="[151,380,1502,1527]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFE2DFA13FE29FA2F" bold="true" box="[396,465,1502,1527]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Stn. 1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2A569BE1BF63FFDDFE42FA13FDAEFA2E" box="[483,598,1502,1526]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2012-02-26">26.ii.2012</date>
|
||
, 10–
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF63FFDDFD31FA13FD34FA2E" box="[656,716,1502,1526]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFD7AFA13FCE4FA2E" box="[731,796,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M266</emphasis>
|
||
: three fertile colonies,
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF63FFDDFB8BFA13FB5AFA2E" box="[1066,1186,1502,1526]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="8.75" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.5">7.5–10 cm</quantity>
|
||
high (MHNG-INVE- 82948);
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFF57F9CEFECFF9C3" box="[246,311,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M269</emphasis>
|
||
: several colonies
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF63FFDDFDA2F9CFFD9DF9C2" box="[515,613,1538,1562]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="10.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="7.0">7–14 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, some fertile (MHNG-INVE-82889).
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFBEEF9CFFB58F9C3" bold="true" box="[1103,1184,1538,1563]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Stn. 14</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2A569BE1BF63FFDDFB10F9CFFADCF9C2" box="[1201,1316,1538,1562]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2012-02-20">20.ii.2012</date>
|
||
, 10–
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF63FFDDFAFCF9CFFA6FF9C2" box="[1373,1431,1538,1562]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFF36F9EBFF20F9E6" box="[151,216,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M239</emphasis>
|
||
: a large (almost
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF63FFDDFE12F9EBFE07F9E6" box="[435,511,1574,1598]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
high), profusely branched, fertile colony (MHNG-INVE-82887);
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFABBF9EBFAA3F9E6" box="[1306,1371,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M240</emphasis>
|
||
: two fragmented colonies, of which one is sterile and attains
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFCAFF981FCD0F9BB" box="[782,808,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF63FFDDFC96F987FC84F9BA" box="[823,892,1610,1634]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, the other fertile, may have attained
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFAF6F981FA89F9BB" box="[1367,1393,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF63FFDDFA21F987FF41F95E" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
in life;
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFEB0F9A3FEABF95E" box="[273,339,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M241</emphasis>
|
||
: a large (
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFE1CF9BDFE2FF95F" box="[445,471,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF63FFDDFE47F9A3FDD3F95E" box="[486,555,1646,1670]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
high) fertile colony;
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFCBBF9A3FCA3F95E" box="[794,859,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M242</emphasis>
|
||
: two fragmentary, fertile colonies, largest fragment
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF63FFDDFF36F95FFF24F972" box="[151,220,1682,1706]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="17.0">17 cm</quantity>
|
||
high (MHNG-INVE-82888).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="16F2EEAABF63FFDCFF66F97BFD17FB78" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF63FFDCFF66F97BFD17FB78" blockId="40.[151,1436,1502,2030]" lastBlockId="41.[151,1436,151,2012]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF63FFDDFF66F97BFEA9F917" bold="true" box="[199,337,1718,1743]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Colonies large, up to
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF63FFDDFDC3F97BFD53F916" box="[610,683,1718,1742]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
high (even larger in the field), arising from a complex mesh of intertwined hydrorhizal fibers firmly attached to a hard substrate. Color dark brown basally, changing to light horn distally. Stems alternately to irregularly branched, with side branches given off at almost 90° in the largest colonies, then gradually curving backwards; branches generally branched in like manner several times. Stem and branches thick, highly polysiphonic, except for their very distal parts. Side branches given off from secondary tubes, with the new main tubes bearing a row of large, scoop-shaped to triangular, frontal nematothecae basally, then giving off alternately placed hydrocladia, the latter being generally present only on the less thickest parts of stem and branches. Monosiphonic parts divided by slightly oblique nodes into moderately long internodes, each of which bears two frontal nematothecae, as well as a lateral apophysis (supporting a cladium), carrying basally a mamelon provided with an almost circular foramen (reduced nematotheca). Stem nematothecae, more or less triangular, with a large foramen communicating with the internode behind, and wide, two-spined aperture having the abaxial wall inwardly rolled distally. Hydrocladia composed of up to 17 short cormidia delimited by transverse nodes; each internode with two internal septa (one adjacent to intra-hydrothecal ridge, the other beneath lateral nematothecae), and a hydrotheca. Hydrotheca cone-shaped, basal fourth with a slightly convex internal ridge, aperture oblique to long axis, margin with nine cusps: a median one and four pairs of laterals, of which the former and the three proximal pairs have slightly thickened perisarc, giving the margin a wavy appearance when seen from above, and the fourth pair hidden behind the lateral nematothecae. Median cusp rather prominent, inclined towards lumen of hydrotheca, the others triangular with rounded tips, except for the second pair, which may be comparatively wider, more blunt or even with an incised apex (see variation in Fig. 10M). Three nematothecae associated to a hydrotheca: a mesial and a pair of laterals. Mesial nematotheca curved, adnate for much of its length to abaxial wall of hydrotheca, leaving a rather short, free, tubular end, provided with a distal aperture and an adaxially one near the axil with the abaxial hydrothecal wall. Lateral nematothecae ovoid to horn shaped, bearing two apertures, one distal, and another one ovoid, opened within the hydrotheca. Length and structure of nematothecae variable, according to the cormidia to which they belong: proximal most hydrothecae with short lateral nematothecae, barely surpassing the rim, and having the apertures mostly fused; mesial nematotheca with a minute free part, guttershaped, opened adaxially through fusion of its apertures. Distalmost hydrothecae with horn-shaped lateral nematothecae, extening beyond margin of hydrotheca, and mesial nematothecae with generally a longer free part, and the apertures distinct; occasionally, the mesial nematotheca may be short. Fertile specimens produce pseudocorbulae, the latter up to
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF62FFDCFE1BFC89FDF2FC84" box="[442,522,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. They are given off from modified side branches, whose main tubes carry basally a sequence of up to 8 internodes, each of which with a frontal, scoop-shaped to triangular nematotheca, followed by up to 17 internodes being the rachis of the pseudocorbula, and ending in a normal sequence of internodes bearing hydrocladia. Internodes of rachis with the same structure as the stem and branches, with two frontal, triangular nematothecae and a lateral apophysis supporting a corbulacosta, the apophysis carrying basally a reduced nematotheca. Costae given off alternately from the rachis, curving over the middle region to form a partially open structure; composed of up to 12 internodes, of which the first bears a normal hydrotheca; it is followed by 2–5 segments carrying three nematothecae (one median inferior and two latero-distal) and a centrally placed apophysis supporting a lenticular gonotheca; the remaining internodes carry alternately either a single, dorsal nematotheca, or a pair of lateral nematothecae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="16F2EEAABF62FFDFFF66FB61FBDFF9DF" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF62FFDCFF66FB61FD1BF9D0" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF62FFDCFF66FB61FECCFB1C" bold="true" box="[199,308,1196,1220]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The above description is based mainly on sample M242. Some macro- and microscopic differences, with no major importance, are apparent among the colonies present in other samples examined. For instance, decimeter high colonies are branched more or less regularly, with side branches given off laterally or in front of the main stem (samples M266 and M269), while the largest colonies exhibit a fully irregular branching pattern, with side branches given off in all directions (samples M239–242). Variation also occur in the shape and size of the nematothecae as, for example, in samples M241 and M269, in which the mesials have an almost constant length, never reaching the hydrothecal rim, even in the distalmost hydrothecae. Their apertures are generally fused, a situation also met with in the well-developed, lateral nematothecae of the distal most cormidia. In addition, the cormidia in sample M241 exhibit a second internodal ridge situated at level of the insertion of the lateral nematothecae, a structure absent in other specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF62FFDCFF66F9D9FA91F8F0" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
The identification of the present material faced considerable difficulties, since there is a stupefacient confusion over the identity of seven tropical, western Atlantic species of hydroids, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF62FFDCFB85F9F5FF22F9AC" authority="Nutting, 1900" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="allmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF62FFDCFB85F9F5FAD7F988" box="[1060,1327,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Macrorhynchia allmani</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF62FFDCFA9FF9F5FF2BF9AC" author="Nutting" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF62FFDCFF47F990FDF7F9AC" authority="Clarke, 1879" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1879" box="[230,527,1628,1652]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF62FFDCFF47F990FE9AF9AC" box="[230,354,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF62FFDCFED0F991FDFFF9AC" author="Clarke" box="[369,519,1628,1652]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1879) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream and Gulf of Mexico by Alexander Agassiz, 1877 - 78. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, 5, 239 - 252." type="journal article" year="1879">Clarke, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF62FFDCFDBAF990FCB3F9AC" authority="Fewkes, 1881" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityYear="1881" box="[539,843,1628,1652]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF62FFDCFDBAF990FD6CF9AC" box="[539,660,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF62FFDCFD02F991FCBBF9AC" author="Fewkes" box="[675,835,1628,1652]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Fewkes, J. W. (1881) Report on the Acalephae. In: Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea, in 1878, 1879, and along the Atlantic coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer Blake. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, 8 (7), 127 - 140." type="journal article" year="1881">Fewkes, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF62FFDCFCF9F990FB57F9AC" authority="Allman, 1883" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[856,1199,1628,1652]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="racemifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF62FFDCFCF9F990FC01F9AC" box="[856,1017,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. racemifera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF62FFDCFBA6F991FB5FF9AC" author="Allman" box="[1031,1191,1628,1652]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF62FFDCFB1AF990FF22F940" authority="Nutting, 1900" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF62FFDCFB1AF990FAD7F9AC" box="[1211,1327,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF62FFDCFA9FF991FF2BF940" author="Nutting" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF62FFDCFF4BF94CFDBEF940" authority="Leloup, 1937" authorityName="Leloup" authorityYear="1937" box="[234,582,1664,1688]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mercatoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF62FFDCFF4BF94CFE74F940" box="[234,396,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. mercatoris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF62FFDCFE3EF94DFDC6F940" author="Leloup" box="[415,574,1664,1688]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Leloup, E. (1937) Hydroidea, Siphonophora, Ceriantharia. I. - Hydropolypes. In: Resultats scientifiques des croisieres du navire-ecole belge " Mercator ". Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 9 (2), 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1937">Leloup, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF62FFDCFD2BF94CFC09F940" authority="Fraser, 1945" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1945" box="[650,1009,1664,1688]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longiramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF62FFDCFD2BF94CFCB8F940" box="[650,832,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. longiramosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF62FFDCFCF2F94DFC11F940" author="Fraser" box="[851,1001,1664,1688]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1945) Notes on some recently collected hydroids in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 35 (1), 21 - 23." type="journal article" year="1945">Fraser, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nearly all original descriptions and illustrations are rather poor and occasionally incorrect, and the relationships between the new species added in time and those described earlier were either not discussed or, when provided, they are based on less than reliable morphological characters. In addition, numerous subsequent authors included their materials in one or another species, mostly without providing any argument for doing so, thus further complicating the general confusion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF62FFDCFF66F8F9FDE9F860" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Judging from their microscopic trophosomal and, when known, gonosomal features, all seven nominal species are more or less related, but their degree of intraspecific variation is as yet insufficiently known. Their differentiation has been done mainly owing the shape of the hydrotheca (more or less deep and/or wide) and the length of the mesial nematotheca.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF62FFDFFF66F808FAE1FE17" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,2012]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1437,151,1943]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
In all the available records,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF62FFDCFDA3F808FD86F804" box="[514,638,1988,2012]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="allmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF62FFDCFDA3F808FD86F804" box="[514,638,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. allmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is depicted as a species with hydrothecae having mesial nematothecae of varied development, though never surpassing the hydrothecal rim (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFC09FF5AFBB8FF77" author="Allman" box="[936,1088,151,175]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852" type="journal article" year="1877">Allman 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Ritchie 1909, Van Gemerden-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFF36FF70FEA6FF0C" author="Hoogeveen" box="[151,350,188,213]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen, G. C. H. (1965) Hydroids of the Caribbean: Sertulariidae, Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 84, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1965">Hoogeveen 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFECFFF70FDEEFF0C" author="Vervoort" box="[366,534,188,212]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFD86FF71FD42FF0C" author="Calder" box="[551,698,188,212]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFC01FF70FBD9FF0C" box="[928,1057,188,212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFC01FF70FBD9FF0C" box="[928,1057,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFBC0FF70FB18FF0C" box="[1121,1248,189,212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFBC0FF70FB18FF0C" box="[1121,1248,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were originally reported as having well-developed mesial nematothecae that may considerably overtop the aperture of hydrotheca. Reexamination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="81530383BF61FFDFFE2FFEC8FE46FEC5" box="[398,446,261,285]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of the former species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFC9AFEC9FC20FEC4" author="Calder" box="[827,984,260,284]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1997">Calder (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and of the latter by both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFB54FEC9FA64FEC4" author="Nutting" box="[1269,1436,260,284]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFF69FEEAFE91FEE7" author="Calder" box="[200,361,295,319]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1997">Calder (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, confirmed the original statements. However, variation in length of the mesial nematotheca is evident from the accounts of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFE4CFE81FD5CFEBC" author="Versluys" box="[493,676,332,356]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Versluys, J. J. (1899) Hydraires calyptoblastes recueillis dans la mer des Antilles, pendant l'une des croisieres accomplies par le comte R. de Dalmas sur son yacht " Chazalie ". Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 29 - 58." type="journal article" year="1899">Versluys (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFD12FE81FCA3FEBC" author="Ritchie" box="[691,859,332,356]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Ritchie, J. (1907) On collections of the Cape Verde Islands marine fauna, made by Cyril Crossland, MA. (Cantab.), B. Sc. (Lond.), F. Z. S., of St. Andrews University, July to September, 1904. - The Hydroids. Procedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1907, 488 - 514. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1907. tb 06944. x" type="journal article" year="1907">Ritchie (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFC3DFE81FBCCFEBC" author="Bedot" box="[924,1076,332,356]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Bedot, M. (1921) Hydroides provenant des campagnes des Yachts Hirondelle et Princesse-Alice (1887 - 1912). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I er Prince souverain de Monaco, 60, 1 - 74. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2169" type="journal article" year="1921">Bedot (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFBC5FE80FB1AFEBC" box="[1124,1250,332,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFBC5FE80FB1AFEBC" box="[1124,1250,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFAE7FE81FF19FE5F" author="Nutting" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFEAAFEBCFE7CFE50" box="[267,388,369,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFEAAFEBCFE7CFE50" box="[267,388,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, the description and illustration provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFBA3FEA2FB4CFE5F" author="Versluys" box="[1026,1204,367,391]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Versluys, J. J. (1899) Hydraires calyptoblastes recueillis dans la mer des Antilles, pendant l'une des croisieres accomplies par le comte R. de Dalmas sur son yacht " Chazalie ". Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 29 - 58." type="journal article" year="1899">Versluys (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the gonosome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFF36FE58FEEBFE74" box="[151,275,404,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFF36FE58FEEBFE74" box="[151,275,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and by both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFE17FE59FD98FE74" author="Fewkes" box="[438,608,404,428]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Fewkes, J. W. (1881) Report on the Acalephae. In: Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea, in 1878, 1879, and along the Atlantic coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer Blake. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, 8 (7), 127 - 140." type="journal article" year="1881">Fewkes (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFD3AFE59FCBCFE74" author="Nutting" box="[667,836,404,428]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFC6AFE58FBBFFE74" box="[971,1095,405,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFC6AFE58FBBFFE74" box="[971,1095,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, raise the question as to their possible conspecificity, an opinion expressed earlier by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFCA9FE7AFC67FE17" author="Bedot" box="[776,927,439,463]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Bedot, M. (1921) Hydroides provenant des campagnes des Yachts Hirondelle et Princesse-Alice (1887 - 1912). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I er Prince souverain de Monaco, 60, 1 - 74. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2169" type="journal article" year="1921">Bedot (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFC0AFE7AFBC7FE17" author="Bogle" box="[939,1087,439,463]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Bogle, M. A. (1975) A review and preliminary revision of the Agalopheniinae (Hydroida: Plumulariidae) of the tropical western Atlantic. MSc Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 307 pp." type="book" year="1975">Bogle (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFBD4FE7AFAECFE17" author="Calder" box="[1141,1300,439,463]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1997">Calder (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF61FFDFFF66FE11FDA3FC1F" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1943]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Among other features allowing distinction of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFD64FE10FC9DFE2C" box="[709,869,476,500]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="racemifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFD64FE10FC9DFE2C" box="[709,869,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. racemifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its congeners, the side branches shifted on to the anterior side of the colonies are reportedly characteristic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFCCDFE32FBF0FDCF" author="Allman" box="[876,1032,511,535]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFBB9FDCDFB39FDCF" author="Vervoort" box="[1048,1217,511,535]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, such a character was already found in specimens assigned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFCA2FDE9FC5EFDE4" author="Ritchie" box="[771,934,548,572]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Ritchie, J. (1907) On collections of the Cape Verde Islands marine fauna, made by Cyril Crossland, MA. (Cantab.), B. Sc. (Lond.), F. Z. S., of St. Andrews University, July to September, 1904. - The Hydroids. Procedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1907, 488 - 514. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1907. tb 06944. x" type="journal article" year="1907">Ritchie (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to a new variety,
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFBD3FDE9FB0BFDE4" box="[1138,1267,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">unilateralis</emphasis>
|
||
, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFA80FDE8FA6DFDE4" box="[1313,1429,548,572]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFA80FDE8FA6DFDE4" box="[1313,1429,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">L. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as in the present material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFD9AFD84FD4FFDB8" box="[571,695,584,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="allmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFD9AFD84FD4FFDB8" box="[571,695,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. allmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, showing that at least two other taxa could display the "typical" habit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFF5AFDA0FE66FD5C" box="[251,414,620,644]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="racemifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFF5AFDA0FE66FD5C" box="[251,414,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. racemifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The hydrothecae of the latter exhibit an intermediate morphology between those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFADCFDA0FF15FD70" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="allmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFADCFDA0FF15FD70" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. allmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFE8BFD5CFE50FD70" box="[298,424,656,680]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFE8BFD5CFE50FD70" box="[298,424,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFDA5FD5CFD79FD70" box="[516,641,657,680]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFDA5FD5CFD79FD70" box="[516,641,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially in the length of mesial nematotheca, which may slightly overtop (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFF5DFD79FE6BFD14" author="Allman" box="[252,403,692,716]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or just reach (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFDE1FD79FD1EFD14" author="Vervoort" box="[576,742,692,716]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) the hydrothecal rim. Its gonosome is composed of only 3–6 pairs of corbulacostae, each of which bears as much as 5 to 10 gonothecae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFBBDFD1AFB4FFD37" author="Allman" box="[1052,1207,727,751]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFB67FD15FA97FD37" author="Vervoort" box="[1222,1391,727,751]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in contrast with that of its congeners, which is more profuse and carries lesser gonothecae [
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFBD4FD30FB65FCCC" box="[1141,1181,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
7 pairs of costae, each bearing 2–3 gonothecae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFE70FCECFCE8FCEF" authority="Versluys 1899" authorityName="Versluys" authorityYear="1899" box="[465,784,799,824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFE70FCECFDA8FCE0" box="[465,592,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFDC1FCD2FCF1FCEF" author="Versluys" box="[608,777,799,823]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Versluys, J. J. (1899) Hydraires calyptoblastes recueillis dans la mer des Antilles, pendant l'une des croisieres accomplies par le comte R. de Dalmas sur son yacht " Chazalie ". Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 29 - 58." type="journal article" year="1899">Versluys 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 8–9 pairs of costae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFB82FCECFAAEFCEF" authority="Fewkes 1881" authorityName="Fewkes" authorityYear="1881" box="[1059,1366,799,824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFB82FCECFB67FCE0" box="[1059,1183,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFB11FCD2FAB4FCEF" author="Fewkes" box="[1200,1356,799,823]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Fewkes, J. W. (1881) Report on the Acalephae. In: Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea, in 1878, 1879, and along the Atlantic coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer Blake. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, 8 (7), 127 - 140." type="journal article" year="1881">Fewkes 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 7–16 pairs of costae and 2–5 gonothecae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFDE4FC88FC2EFC84" authority="Ansin Agis et al. 2001" authorityName="Ansin Agis et al." authorityYear="2001" box="[581,982,836,860]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFDE4FC88FD41FC84" box="[581,697,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFD66FC89FC35FC84" author="Ansin" box="[711,973,836,860]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Ansín Agís
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFCEEFC88FC70FC84" box="[847,904,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Last but not least, the gonophore of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFADCFC88FEEAFC58" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="racemifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFADCFC88FEEAFC58" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. racemifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is said to bear distally "a wreath of highly refringent spherules" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFC4AFCAAFB7BFCA7" author="Allman" box="[1003,1155,871,895]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), suggesting that it could produce a medusoid, thus setting apart this species with respect to the other western Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFB0CFC41FAA2FC7C" box="[1197,1370,908,932]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFB0CFC41FAA2FC7C" box="[1197,1370,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Macrorhynchia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, until their gonophores are described properly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF61FFDFFF66FC19FD19FB1C" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1943]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFEC1FC19FDF0FC34" author="Nutting" box="[352,520,980,1004]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFD1FFC18FCC8FC34" box="[702,816,980,1004]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFD1FFC18FCC8FC34" box="[702,816,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit one distinguishing feature in that they are "very dark colored when fresh", though it is recognized that some differences arose between shallow and deep-water specimens, with colonies having the "coenosarc crowded full of black pigment" in the first case, and others that "do not show so many of these granular bodies". Similar observations on the pigmentation were made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFAA2FBF2FEFFFBA4" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article">
|
||
Ansín Agís
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFA29FB8CFF4CFBA4" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who even found colorless colonies. Dark-colored species, among the group under discussion here, were scantly reported in the literature, as for instance in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFD45FB44FC99FB78" box="[740,865,1160,1184]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFD45FB44FC99FB78" box="[740,865,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose stems are "black and thickest at the base, changing to light horn-color" distally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFDE4FB61FD2DFB1C" author="Clarke" box="[581,725,1196,1220]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1879) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream and Gulf of Mexico by Alexander Agassiz, 1877 - 78. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, 5, 239 - 252." type="journal article" year="1879">Clarke 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF61FFDFFF66FB1DFACCFA8C" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1943]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Although reportedly coming close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFDCCFB1CFC67FB30" authority="Nutting (1900)" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[621,927,1232,1256]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFDCCFB1CFD10FB30" box="[621,744,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFD56FB1DFC67FB30" author="Nutting" box="[759,927,1232,1256]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinguished his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFBCDFB1CFB18FB30" box="[1132,1248,1232,1256]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFBCDFB1CFB18FB30" box="[1132,1248,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the former on the account of its mesial nematothecae, comparatively shorter and never reaching the hydrothecal aperture. The same is demonstrated in subsequent reports of this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFC8FFAD5FC2CFAE8" author="Vervoort" box="[814,980,1304,1328]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Vervoort, W. (1959) The Hydroida of the tropical west coast of Africa. Atlantide Report, 5, 211 - 332." type="journal article" year="1959">Vervoort 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFC7EFAD5FBE3FAE8" author="Vervoort" box="[991,1051,1304,1328]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), though a little variation in length could be noted (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFEEBFAF1FDB5FA8C" author="Ansin" box="[330,589,1340,1364]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Ansín Agís
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFE73FAF0FDF2FA8C" box="[466,522,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), nevertheless without facing the situation met with in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFB13FAF0FAD5FA8C" box="[1202,1325,1340,1364]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFB13FAF0FAD5FA8C" box="[1202,1325,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF61FFDFFF66FAADFBDFF9DF" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1943]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Among the seven species discussed here,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFD18FAACFCA4FAA0" box="[697,860,1377,1400]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mercatoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFD18FAACFCA4FAA0" box="[697,860,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. mercatoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is immediately distinguished from its congeners through its lateral nematothecae of the first cormidium, showing a pronounced asymmetry, with one of them being considerably hypertrophied, tubular in shape, outwardly and backwardly directed with respect to the long axis of its corresponding hydrotheca (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFE72FA01FD93FA3C" author="Leloup" box="[467,619,1484,1508]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Leloup, E. (1937) Hydroidea, Siphonophora, Ceriantharia. I. - Hydropolypes. In: Resultats scientifiques des croisieres du navire-ecole belge " Mercator ". Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 9 (2), 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1937">Leloup 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFDDAFA00FCDDFA3C" author="Vervoort" box="[635,805,1484,1508]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the first hydrotheca is smaller than the following ones, and is provided with a longer mesial nematotheca (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFC26FA22FBE2F9DF" author="Leloup" box="[903,1050,1519,1543]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Leloup, E. (1937) Hydroidea, Siphonophora, Ceriantharia. I. - Hydropolypes. In: Resultats scientifiques des croisieres du navire-ecole belge " Mercator ". Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 9 (2), 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1937">Leloup 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="16F2EEAABF61FFDEFF66F9D9FBB2FEC4" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF61FFDFFF66F9D9FDA3F94F" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1943]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFF66F9D9FDF2F9F4" ID-CoL="663G9" box="[199,522,1556,1580]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longiramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFF66F9D9FDF2F9F4" box="[199,522,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Macrorhynchia longiramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits characteristically exceedingly long cladia, "up to
|
||
<quantity id="991010C4BF61FFDFFB12F9D9FB15F9F4" box="[1203,1261,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
or even more" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFF3FF9FAFED4F997" author="Fraser" box="[158,300,1591,1615]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1945) Notes on some recently collected hydroids in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 35 (1), 21 - 23." type="journal article" year="1945">Fraser 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), though the shape of its hydrothecae was found close to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFB8BF9F4FB33F988" ID-CoL="663GC" box="[1066,1227,1593,1616]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mercatoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFB8BF9F4FB33F988" box="[1066,1227,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. mercatoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFB5CF9FAFA61F997" author="Bogle" box="[1277,1433,1591,1615]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Bogle, M. A. (1975) A review and preliminary revision of the Agalopheniinae (Hydroida: Plumulariidae) of the tropical western Atlantic. MSc Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 307 pp." type="book" year="1975">Bogle (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, a reexamination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="81530383BF61FFDFFDAFF990FDC6F9AD" box="[526,574,1629,1653]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of Fraser's species is imperative, in order to check whether an asymmetry of its lateral nematothecae possibly occurs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF61FFDEFF66F969FEA9FF2F" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1943]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The present material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="26FFFDB1BF61FFDFFE52F969FD88F964" box="[499,624,1700,1724]" name="Martinique" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
is assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFCB6F968FC6AF964" ID-CoL="3X992" box="[791,914,1700,1724]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="allmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFCB6F968FC6AF964" box="[791,914,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. allmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the account of its mesial nematothecae not surpassing the hydrothecal rim, in contrast with those of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFCE9F904FC3AF938" ID-CoL="3X99D" box="[840,962,1736,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFCE9F904FC3AF938" box="[840,962,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFC59F904FB88F938" box="[1016,1136,1737,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFC59F904FB88F938" box="[1016,1136,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which greatly overtop the aperture of hydrotheca. It is different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFD00F920FCBFF8DC" ID-CoL="3X99T" box="[673,839,1772,1796]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="racemifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFD00F920FCBFF8DC" box="[673,839,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. racemifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having pseudo-corbulae with numerous costae, carrying lesser gonothecae, and having the gonophores apparently devoid17 of the belt of refringent corpuscles reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFE81F8FAFE32F897" author="Allman" box="[288,458,1847,1871]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFD12F8F5FCDFF897" ID-CoL="3X996" box="[691,807,1847,1871]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFD12F8F5FCDFF897" box="[691,807,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having comparatively longer (7.5
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFB6CF8F5FB1CF897" box="[1229,1252,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 4.0 mm), more widely-spaced cladia (10
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFE14F891FE34F8AB" box="[437,460,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 13 cladia/cm of branch), and brownish
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFC33F891FC51F8AB" box="[914,937,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. black colonies in live [similar arguments in favor of their distinction were also expressed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF61FFDFFD6CF8B2FC8AF84F" author="Calder" box="[717,882,1919,1943]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="2013">Calder (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF61FFDFFC27F8B2FB5EF84F" box="[902,1190,1919,1943]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mercatoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF61FFDFFC27F8B2FB5EF84F" box="[902,1190,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Macrorhychia mercatoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was excluded on the account of the pronounced asymmetry occurring in the first cormidium, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99E8C6A2BF60FFDEFBEBFF54FB06FF68" ID-CoL="663G9" box="[1098,1278,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longiramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF60FFDEFBEBFF54FB06FF68" box="[1098,1278,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. longiramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to its, at least, three times longer hydrocladia, and mesial nematothecae with a very short free portion, barely reaching the hydrothecal rim.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="3DF3A12FBF61FFDFFF36F811FC1AF829" box="[151,994,2012,2033]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF61FFDFFF36F811FC1AF829" blockId="42.[151,994,2012,2033]" box="[151,994,2012,2033]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">17. No such refringent bodies have been noted upon the examination of fresh material.</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E57BD21BF60FFDEFF66FECEFBB2FEC4" blockId="43.[151,1436,151,284]" box="[199,1098,259,284]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C9C6133BF60FFDEFF66FECEFE05FEC4" bold="true" box="[199,509,259,284]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Western Atlantic, as summarized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A79C0D0BF60FFDEFC07FEC9FBBEFEC4" author="Calder" box="[934,1094,260,284]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="2013">Calder (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |