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<document id="071FB0F1A3E5878F355055EF712B4D96" ID-CLB-Dataset="24105" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.585" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dca608e8-fccf-4c1c-b8df-ef0c28e1d518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660259" ID-ZooBank="181B6FBA-ED75-4BB4-84C4-FB512B794749" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581251975682" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. &amp; Stringer, Gary L." docDate="2019" docId="18174D41FF18FF31FDD89E8149A10E40" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-585_ebersole_cicimurri_stinger.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 585" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paralbula Blake 1940" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="E42E3539FF85FFAFFFC69F344D4B0F37" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1698783570407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5286DF8B35B9F110912B5DAA89CAC143">Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F6E9D709184309EBE0616868ED04554E">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3DECFB2B05481F1A492717BF74B7860">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4EA9BB31561869DCA56F5CF299115146">Stringer, Gary L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B09F3F97AE845C1876E3C6C2F7FB7D50">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BDD9CC409C5BA756786B31F10AB6B9F7">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="29A1CD95328399B7D2A2723D2A0CB901">
<mods:date id="564A2A0F6ECC21A5DF58C2C1E1CC3EAE">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="36E97D3D48B05AD6EDECB866DD56E198">2019-12-06</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DE14FA759AD7F85A68E5DA2EFB98FDEA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E646BB0466C2DB9986899E240F9716D7">585</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="20D947B9A8A3DE86A38DD7B3388D1780">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="2EF96DFD703131BE0F2893168BF29E51" type="CLB-Dataset">24105</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BBC78D0EC3DBDE263B523669C5493F38" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2019.585</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="85D09D6FD0FD5F7EC1F84CE3A3BB0A9F" type="Zenodo-Dep">3660259</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="18174D41FF18FF31FDD89E8149A10E40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664284" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162072956" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664284" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FF18FF31FDD89E8149A10E40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18174D41FF18FF31FDD89E8149A10E40" lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF18FF32FDD89E81495D0EE7" box="[542,1046,437,464]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FDD89E81495D0EE7" blockId="157.[542,1046,437,497]" box="[542,1046,437,464]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<heading id="CB494B3BFF18FF32FDD89E81495D0EE7" box="[542,1046,437,464]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FDD89E814FDC0EE7" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[542,663,437,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FDD89E814FDC0EE7" bold="true" box="[542,663,437,464]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Paralbula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aff.
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FD0A9E82495D0EE7" authority="Blake, 1940" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[716,1046,437,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marylandica">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FD0A9E824ECA0EE7" bold="true" box="[716,897,437,464]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. marylandica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FC4E9E82495D0EE7" author="Blake S. F." box="[904,1046,438,464]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="205 - 209" refId="ref137031" refString="Blake S. F. 1940. Paralbula, a new fossil fish based on dental plates from the Eocene and Miocene of Maryland. Washington Academy of Sciences Journal 30: 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1940">Blake, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF18FF32FD129EE34E2B0EC6" box="[724,864,470,497]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="description">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FD129EE34E2B0EC6" blockId="157.[542,1046,437,497]" box="[724,864,470,497]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FF18FF32FD129EE34E6E0EC6" box="[724,805,470,497]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="158.[189,232,1683,1709]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,499,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[189,1398,491,1672]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="Fig. 59. Paralbula aff. P. marylandica Blake, 1940 and Phyllodus toliapicus Agassiz, 1844, teeth. A–O. Paralbula aff. P. marylandica. A–C. MSC 35781.1, lower Tallahatta Formation. A. Oral view. B. Profile view. C. Aboral view. D–F. MSC 35781.2, lower Tallahatta Formation. D. Oral view. E. Profile view. F. Aboral view. G–I. MSC 37911.2, basal Lisbon Formation. G. Oral view. H. Profile view. I. Aboral view. J–L. MSC 37263.2, basal Lisbon Formation. J. Oral view. K. Profile view. L. Aboral view. M–O. MSC 37911.3, basal Lisbon Formation. M. Oral view. N. Profile view. O. Aboral view. — P–AA. Phyllodus toliapicus. P–S. MSC 35772.3, lower Tallahatta Formation. P. Oral view. Q. Labial view. R. Profile view. S. Aboral view. T–W. MSC 35772.2, lower Tallahatta Formation. T. Oral view. U. Labial view. V. Profile view. W. Aboral view. X–AA. MSC 35772.1, lower Tallahatta Formation. X. Oral view. Y. Labial view. Z. Profile view. AA. Aboral view. Scale bars: A–O =1 mm; P–AA=5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660373/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
A–O
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF18FF32FF7B9D224EDF0D47" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FF7B9D224E5F0D07" blockId="157.[189,788,534,560]" box="[189,788,534,560]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FF18FF32FF7B9D224E5F0D07" box="[189,788,534,560]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FF7B9D224FE80D07" authority="Blake, 1940: 206" authorityName="Blake" authorityPageNumber="206" authorityYear="1940" box="[189,675,534,560]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marylandica">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FF7B9D224C840D07" box="[189,463,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Paralbula marylandica</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FF18FF32FE119D224FE80D07" author="Blake S. F." box="[471,675,534,560]" page="206" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FE119D224FE80D07" author="Blake S. F." box="[471,675,534,560]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="205 - 209" refId="ref137031" refString="Blake S. F. 1940. Paralbula, a new fossil fish based on dental plates from the Eocene and Miocene of Maryland. Washington Academy of Sciences Journal 30: 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1940">Blake, 1940: 206</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 1–2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FF7B9D614EDF0D47" blockId="157.[189,916,597,624]" box="[189,916,597,624]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FF7B9D614C400D58" ID-CoL="RJW" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[189,267,597,623]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FF7B9D614C400D58" box="[189,267,597,623]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Albula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. –
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FE979D614F670D58" author="Maisch H. M. &amp; Becker M. A. &amp; Raines B. W. &amp; Chamberlain J. A." box="[337,556,597,623]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref145747" refString="Maisch H. M., Becker M. A., Raines B. W. &amp; Chamberlain J. A. 2016. Osteichthyans from the Tallahatta- Lisbon Formation Contact (middle Eocene- Lutetian) Pigeon Creek, Conecuh-Covington counties, Alabama with comments on Transatlantic occurrences in the Northern Atlantic Ocean basin. PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 13 (3): 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2016">
Maisch
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FE699D624CA10D58" box="[431,490,597,623]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
(partim): fig. 2.7–8 (non 5–6).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF18FF32FF7B9DA04EA80C2A" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FF7B9DA04CE10D99" blockId="157.[189,1398,660,797]" box="[189,426,660,686]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<heading id="CB494B3BFF18FF32FF7B9DA04CE10D99" bold="true" box="[189,426,660,686]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FF7B9DA04CE10D99" bold="true" box="[189,426,660,686]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FF7B9DF54EA80C2A" blockId="157.[189,1398,660,797]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFF18FF32FF7B9DF54E940C2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564277964" collectionCode="SC, WSU" country="United States of America" location="Claiborne Group" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" specimenCode="MSC 35781.1, 17, MSC 37263.1, 4, MSC 37911.1, 26, MSC 37913.2, MSC 38292.1, WSU 35, CC 561, CC 563" specimenCount="17" stateProvince="Alabama">
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FF18FF32FF7B9DF54F1B0DED" box="[189,592,704,731]" name="United States of America" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FDAB9DF44F940DED" bold="true" box="[621,735,704,730]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF18FF32FDAB9DF44F940DED" box="[621,735,704,730]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Alabama</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
• 69 isolated teeth;
<location id="9561AA8CFF18FF32FC0F9DF449D80DED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FF18FF31FDD89E8149A10E40:9561AA8CFF18FF32FC0F9DF449D80DED" box="[969,1171,704,730]" country="United States of America" name="Claiborne Group" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Alabama">Claiborne Group</location>
;
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FB589DF4480C0DEC" box="[1182,1351,704,731]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF18FF32FB589DF449970DED" box="[1182,1244,704,730]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">MSC</collectionCode>
35781.1
</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FA919DF448390DEC" box="[1367,1394,704,731]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">17</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FF7B9DD54C2E0DCC" box="[189,357,737,763]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF18FF32FF7B9DD54DB00DCC" box="[189,251,737,763]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">MSC</collectionCode>
37263.1
</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FEB39DD54CC80DCC" box="[373,387,737,763]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">4</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FE579DD54F7C0DCC" box="[401,567,737,763]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF18FF32FE579DD54C840DCC" box="[401,463,737,763]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">MSC</collectionCode>
37911.1
</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FD819DD54F2F0DCC" box="[583,612,737,763]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">26</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FDB49DD54E500DCC" box="[626,795,737,763]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF18FF32FDB49DD54FFB0DCC" box="[626,688,737,763]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">MSC</collectionCode>
37913.2
</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FCEC9DD54E730DCC" box="[810,824,737,763]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">4</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FC839DD54EA50DCC" box="[837,1006,737,763]" collectionCode="MSC" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF18FF32FC839DD54EC80DCC" box="[837,899,737,763]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">MSC</collectionCode>
38292.1
</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF18FF32FC3A9DD549550DCC" box="[1020,1054,737,763]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">SC</collectionCode>
2012.47.124 (
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFF18FF32FB029DD548210DCB" box="[1220,1386,737,764]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
),
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FF7B9C364C6E0C2A" box="[189,293,770,797]" collectionCode="WSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1raa-g3is" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF18FF32FF7B9C364DB50C2B" box="[189,254,770,796]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">WSU</collectionCode>
35
</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF18FF32FEF79C364C390C2B" box="[305,370,770,796]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1raa-g3is" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">WSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FEBF9C364C9F0C2A" box="[377,468,770,797]" collectionCode="WSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1raa-g3is" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">CC 561</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFF18FF32FE239C364F310C2A" box="[485,634,770,797]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
),
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF18FF32FD4B9C364F850C2B" box="[653,718,770,796]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1raa-g3is" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">WSU</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C018542CFF18FF32FD109C364E7B0C2A" box="[726,816,770,797]" collectionCode="WSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1raa-g3is" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">CC 563</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFF18FF32FC869C364E9C0C2A" box="[832,983,770,797]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF18FF32FF7B9C7549B60CDD" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="description">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FF7B9C754C050C6C" blockId="157.[189,1398,833,1002]" box="[189,334,833,859]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<heading id="CB494B3BFF18FF32FF7B9C754C050C6C" bold="true" box="[189,334,833,859]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FF7B9C754C050C6C" bold="true" box="[189,334,833,859]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FF7B9C5949B60CDD" blockId="157.[189,1398,833,1002]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
Teeth up to 2.0 mm in diameter,
<quantity id="574651B2FF18FF32FDE99C594FCC0CBF" box="[559,647,877,904]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
in crown height. Crown with circular occlusal outline, uniformly convex in profile. Thick cingulum at crown base of some teeth. Crown enameloid extends to tooth base on most specimens, but not on all. Fine granular to wrinkled ornament often on occlusal surface of unworn teeth. Teeth with thickened, flat base; shallow, centrally located, circular pulp cavity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF18FF31FF7B9B3B49A10E40" lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FF7B9B3B4C640B1E" blockId="157.[189,1399,1039,1537]" box="[189,303,1039,1065]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<heading id="CB494B3BFF18FF32FF7B9B3B4C640B1E" bold="true" box="[189,303,1039,1065]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FF7B9B3B4C640B1E" bold="true" box="[189,303,1039,1065]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FF7B9B084E7A0936" blockId="157.[189,1399,1039,1537]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FF7B9B084C190B61" author="Estes R." box="[189,338,1083,1110]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref141673" refString="Estes R. 1969. Studies on fossil phyllodont fishes, interrelationships and evolution in the Phyllodontidae (Albuloidei). Copeia 1969 (2): 317 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442082" type="journal article" year="1969">Estes (1969)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FE499B0F4F310B62" author="Schein J. P. &amp; Grandstaff B. S. &amp; Gallagher W. B. &amp; Poole J. C. &amp; Lacovara K. J." box="[399,634,1083,1109]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="87" refId="ref149826" refString="Schein J. P., Grandstaff B. S., Gallagher W. B., Poole J. C. &amp; Lacovara K. J. 2011. Paralbula in North America, revisiting and enigmatic Campanian - late Paleocene Teleost with hope for new insights. The Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 43 (1): 87." type="journal article" year="2011">
Schein
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FE2E9B084F6F0B62" box="[488,548,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized three species of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FC179B0F49030B62" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[977,1096,1083,1109]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FC179B0F49030B62" box="[977,1096,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Paralbula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having an Eocene range, including
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FEF39B694F6E0B41" authority="Estes, 1969" authorityName="Estes" authorityYear="1969" box="[309,549,1116,1143]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FEF39B694CDB0B41" box="[309,400,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. casei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FE5F9B694F6E0B41" author="Estes R." box="[409,549,1116,1143]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref141673" refString="Estes R. 1969. Studies on fossil phyllodont fishes, interrelationships and evolution in the Phyllodontidae (Albuloidei). Copeia 1969 (2): 317 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442082" type="journal article" year="1969">Estes, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FDF59B694ECA0B41" authority="Blake, 1940" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[563,897,1116,1142]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marylandica">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FDF59B694FAD0B41" box="[563,742,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. marylandica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FD299B684ECA0B41" author="Blake S. F." box="[751,897,1116,1142]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="205 - 209" refId="ref137031" refString="Blake S. F. 1940. Paralbula, a new fossil fish based on dental plates from the Eocene and Miocene of Maryland. Washington Academy of Sciences Journal 30: 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1940">Blake, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FC059B6949B70B41" authority="(Weiler, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Weiler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[963,1276,1116,1142]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stromeri">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FC059B69490F0B41" box="[963,1092,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. stromeri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FB939B6849B80B41" author="Weiler W." box="[1109,1267,1116,1142]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref153554" refString="Weiler W. 1929. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wusten Agyptens. V. Tertiare Wirbeltiere. 3. Die Mittel-und obereocane Fischfauna Agyptens mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Teleostomie. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche Abteilung, Neue Folge 1: 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1929">Weiler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Although each of these species were described from partial or complete tooth plates,
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FBFE9B4949870BAF" author="Estes R." box="[1080,1228,1149,1176]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref141673" refString="Estes R. 1969. Studies on fossil phyllodont fishes, interrelationships and evolution in the Phyllodontidae (Albuloidei). Copeia 1969 (2): 317 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442082" type="journal article" year="1969">Estes (1969)</bibRefCitation>
noted that the teeth of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FEE29BAB4CCB0B8F" authorityName="Estes" authorityYear="1969" box="[292,384,1183,1208]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FEE29BAB4CCB0B8F" box="[292,384,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. casei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a much more pronounced granular ornamentation, which is often arranged in lateral ridges that originate at the apex of the crown and extend to the crown base. We have also observed on complete tooth plates from the Paleocene and Cretaceous of Mississippi (MMNS 5367, MMNS 6885, MMNS 8076) that the granular ornamentation and ridges are visible even on worn or abraded teeth. Although the teeth of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FDD79A164F8F0A0C" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[529,708,1313,1339]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marylandica">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FDD79A164F8F0A0C" box="[529,708,1313,1339]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. marylandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also have a granular ornamentation, it is often much less apparent than that on
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FE339A774F040A6B" authorityName="Estes" authorityYear="1969" box="[501,591,1347,1372]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FE339A774F040A6B" box="[501,591,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. casei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the ornamentation is not organized into radiating ridges, and many of the teeth have smooth enameloid (see
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FD649A574E670A4A" author="Blake S. F." box="[674,812,1379,1405]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="205 - 209" refId="ref137031" refString="Blake S. F. 1940. Paralbula, a new fossil fish based on dental plates from the Eocene and Miocene of Maryland. Washington Academy of Sciences Journal 30: 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1940">Blake 1940</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FCFF9A504EF50A49" author="Estes R." box="[825,958,1379,1406]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref141673" refString="Estes R. 1969. Studies on fossil phyllodont fishes, interrelationships and evolution in the Phyllodontidae (Albuloidei). Copeia 1969 (2): 317 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442082" type="journal article" year="1969">Estes 1969</bibRefCitation>
). Similar to
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FB969A5048490A4A" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[1104,1282,1379,1405]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marylandica">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FB969A5048490A4A" box="[1104,1282,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. marylandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the teeth of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FF199AB14C2B0AA9" baseAuthorityName="Weiler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[223,352,1413,1438]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stromeri">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FF199AB14C2B0AA9" box="[223,352,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. stromeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a smooth crown that lacks ornamentation (see
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FC1F9AB049260AA9" author="Weiler W." box="[985,1133,1412,1438]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref153554" refString="Weiler W. 1929. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wusten Agyptens. V. Tertiare Wirbeltiere. 3. Die Mittel-und obereocane Fischfauna Agyptens mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Teleostomie. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche Abteilung, Neue Folge 1: 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1929">Weiler 1929</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FBBA9AB048490AA8" author="Estes R." box="[1148,1282,1412,1439]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref141673" refString="Estes R. 1969. Studies on fossil phyllodont fishes, interrelationships and evolution in the Phyllodontidae (Albuloidei). Copeia 1969 (2): 317 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442082" type="journal article" year="1969">Estes 1969</bibRefCitation>
). Another species,
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FEE69A914F910AF7" authority="(Arambourg 1952)" baseAuthorityName="Arambourg" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[288,730,1445,1472]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvani">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FEE69A914CBF0A88" box="[288,500,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Paralbula salvani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FDC59A914F990AF7" author="Arambourg C." box="[515,722,1445,1472]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref136183" refString="Arambourg C. 1952. Les vertebres fossiles des gisements de phosphates (Maroc-Algerie-Tunisie). Notes et Memoires du Service geologique du Maroc 92: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1952">Arambourg 1952</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, has a similar granular ornamentation to that on the teeth of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FF269AF24C760AE8" authorityName="Estes" authorityYear="1969" box="[224,317,1478,1503]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FF269AF24C760AE8" box="[224,317,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. casei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this taxon is known only by the
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FF18FF32FCD69AF24E080AD7" box="[784,835,1478,1504]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">type</typeStatus>
specimen, which was derived from Paleocene deposits in
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FF18FF32FE859AD34CE60936" box="[323,429,1511,1537]" name="Morocco" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Morocco</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FE7A9AD34F0A0937" author="Estes R." box="[444,577,1510,1537]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref141673" refString="Estes R. 1969. Studies on fossil phyllodont fishes, interrelationships and evolution in the Phyllodontidae (Albuloidei). Copeia 1969 (2): 317 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442082" type="journal article" year="1969">Estes 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FD8B9AD24E6F0936" author="Schein J. P. &amp; Grandstaff B. S. &amp; Gallagher W. B. &amp; Poole J. C. &amp; Lacovara K. J." box="[589,804,1510,1537]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="87" refId="ref149826" refString="Schein J. P., Grandstaff B. S., Gallagher W. B., Poole J. C. &amp; Lacovara K. J. 2011. Paralbula in North America, revisiting and enigmatic Campanian - late Paleocene Teleost with hope for new insights. The Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 43 (1): 87." type="journal article" year="2011">
Schein
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FD629AD34F940937" box="[676,735,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FF7B99114E7C0831" blockId="157.[189,1399,1573,1798]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
The
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FF3599124C210977" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[243,362,1574,1600]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FF3599124C210977" box="[243,362,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Paralbula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
teeth within our sample have either a smooth crown or exhibit granular ornamentation, indicating that the isolated teeth do not belong to
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FD2C99734E0B0957" authorityName="Estes" authorityYear="1969" box="[746,832,1607,1632]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casei">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FD2C99734E0B0957" box="[746,832,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. casei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FCA499734E9A0957" baseAuthorityName="Arambourg" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[866,977,1606,1632]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvani">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FCA499734E9A0957" box="[866,977,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. salvani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but instead represent
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FB0E9973483D0957" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[1224,1398,1606,1632]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marylandica">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FB0E9973483D0957" box="[1224,1398,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. marylandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FF1D995C4C1209B6" baseAuthorityName="Weiler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[219,345,1640,1665]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stromeri">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FF1D995C4C1209B6" box="[219,345,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. stromeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although the teeth of the latter two taxa are similar, we tentatively assign the specimens in our sample to
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FEA099BD4F5C0995" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[358,535,1672,1698]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marylandica">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FEA099BD4F5C0995" box="[358,535,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">P. marylandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because this is the only smooth-crowned species that has been described from the Eocene in North America (see
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FD6F999D4E7D09F4" author="Blake S. F." box="[681,822,1705,1731]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="205 - 209" refId="ref137031" refString="Blake S. F. 1940. Paralbula, a new fossil fish based on dental plates from the Eocene and Miocene of Maryland. Washington Academy of Sciences Journal 30: 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1940">Blake 1940</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FC83999E4E8709F4" author="Estes R." box="[837,972,1705,1732]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref141673" refString="Estes R. 1969. Studies on fossil phyllodont fishes, interrelationships and evolution in the Phyllodontidae (Albuloidei). Copeia 1969 (2): 317 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442082" type="journal article" year="1969">Estes 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FC1D999E493209F4" author="Weems R." box="[987,1145,1705,1732]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="53 - 100" refId="ref153448" refString="Weems R. 1999. Actinopterygian fishes from the Fisher / Sullivan Site. In: Weems R. &amp; Grimsley G. (eds) Early Eocene vertebrates and plants from The Fisher / Sullivan Site (Nanjemoy Formation) Stafford County, Virginia. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 152: 53 - 100." type="journal article" year="1999">Weems 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FB4F999D482109F4" author="Schein J. P. &amp; Grandstaff B. S. &amp; Gallagher W. B. &amp; Poole J. C. &amp; Lacovara K. J." box="[1161,1386,1705,1731]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="87" refId="ref149826" refString="Schein J. P., Grandstaff B. S., Gallagher W. B., Poole J. C. &amp; Lacovara K. J. 2011. Paralbula in North America, revisiting and enigmatic Campanian - late Paleocene Teleost with hope for new insights. The Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 43 (1): 87." type="journal article" year="2011">
Schein
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FB25999E486A09F4" box="[1251,1313,1705,1731]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FF7B99FE4CD609D3" baseAuthorityName="Weiler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[189,413,1738,1764]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stromeri">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FF7B99FE4CD609D3" box="[189,413,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Paralbula stromeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on the other hand, appears to have had a limited range that is currently restricted to the upper Eocene of
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FF18FF32FE7699DF4CBD0832" box="[432,502,1771,1797]" name="Egypt" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FDC399DF4FD10832" author="Weiler W." box="[517,666,1771,1797]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref153554" refString="Weiler W. 1929. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wusten Agyptens. V. Tertiare Wirbeltiere. 3. Die Mittel-und obereocane Fischfauna Agyptens mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Teleostomie. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche Abteilung, Neue Folge 1: 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1929">Weiler 1929</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF18FF32FD6099DF4E610831" author="Estes R." box="[678,810,1771,1798]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="317 - 331" refId="ref141673" refString="Estes R. 1969. Studies on fossil phyllodont fishes, interrelationships and evolution in the Phyllodontidae (Albuloidei). Copeia 1969 (2): 317 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442082" type="journal article" year="1969">Estes 1969</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF18FF32FF7B981E4F6B08DC" blockId="157.[189,1399,1834,2027]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
These Claiborne
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FE47981E4CB30873" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[385,504,1834,1860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FE47981E4CB30873" box="[385,504,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Paralbula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
teeth were differentiated from those of the morphologically similar
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FAC7981F4C690852" authorityName="Cocchi" authorityYear="1864" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Egertonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isodonta">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FAC7981F4C690852" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Egertonia isodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FE99987F4F190852" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[351,594,1867,1893]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Phyllodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toliapicus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FE99987F4F190852" box="[351,594,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Phyllodus toliapicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of distinct granular crown ornamentation on some specimens, and a medial pulp cavity on the basal surface. Furthermore, the basibrachial plates of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FF7B98B94C840890" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1940" box="[189,463,1933,1959]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Paralbula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marylandica">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FF7B98B94C840890" box="[189,463,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Paralbula marylandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consist of teeth that are irregularly stacked (as opposed to columns of regularly stacked teeth on
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FE41989A4CB708F0" authorityName="Cocchi" authorityYear="1864" box="[391,508,1966,1991]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Labridae" genus="Egertonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FE41989A4CB708F0" box="[391,508,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Egertonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FDFC98994FE408F0" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1843" box="[570,687,1965,1991]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Phyllodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FDFC98994FE408F0" box="[570,687,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Phyllodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and they lack the ovoid median teeth present on the tooth plates of
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF18FF32FEEE98E54F5208DC" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[296,537,2001,2027]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phyllodontidae" genus="Phyllodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toliapicus">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF18FF32FEEE98E54F5208DC" box="[296,537,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Phyllodus toliapicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF1BFF31FF7B9E3F4E5F0E12" blockId="158.[189,788,267,293]" box="[189,788,267,293]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<heading id="CB494B3BFF1BFF31FF7B9E3F4E5F0E12" bold="true" box="[189,788,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF1BFF31FF7B9E3F4E5F0E12" bold="true" box="[189,788,267,293]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
Stratigraphic and geographic range in
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF1BFF31FD649E3F4E5F0E12" box="[674,788,267,293]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Alabama</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF1BFF31FF7B9E0D49A10E40" blockId="158.[189,1399,313,375]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
The specimens in our sample were collected from the lower Tallahatta Formation at site ADl-1, and the basal
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF1BFF31FEC79E684C190E41" box="[257,338,348,374]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
Formation at site ACov-11. Upper Ypresian to Lutetian, zones NP14 to NP15.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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