272 lines
37 KiB
XML
272 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="12F50D41845CDF90FA6D92E924804518">Revision of the Nearctic endemic Formica pallidefulva group.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5280E2D1C62C76E29DC6701BF9470284">Trager, J. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="787EFD77336F3ABEF67C2B1F2C5915D5">MacGown, J. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="19DEA7BB9EC5816A1B7DE830A081E81B">Trager, M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1B863606F452D38B321B91477D500577">Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BB0BA666BEBC59FB0FDC6888C23D4E97">Snelling, R. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D860ED5C553040A62D4D17AE12C86F2E">Fisher, B. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="008B6FA432648E6169D6BC713B9C196F">Ward, P. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="470FD5E15A4F1E7676184A60F6A83A4A">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="B95128FFF497F1C6208771F2F0B08687">Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="BD9C47EE2EEC6247202A42522B84FEE9">80</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8DEEFFFE8696030E0DEFD7244469BC18">610</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="02DC74D148028A4F3813716331F2D552">636</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="5CC4C6CAF1BC7AEB86EC123857BF16AE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="620C167A8F8203AF212C45EB7CBC5F4C" type="HNS-Pub">21293</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E726BF38C007D711FE74F7C100FC32AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245952" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100134227" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6245952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E726BF38C007D711FE74F7C100FC32AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E726BF38C007D711FE74F7C100FC32AB" lastPageNumber="621" pageNumber="619">
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<subSubSection id="862702F0BE7632237DDA82043D16AC52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="75FE3D633D7A871D243C079C97DFF1C3" pageNumber="619">
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<taxonomicName id="3F8EF7E24AA209ADA3664DDFC3939677" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">Formica dolosa Buren</taxonomicName>
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, 1944
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A53E11CCA6D7D26B738364F40D5B5343">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92D293CB3299CB4E3F859BE8C10F0E19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="590DDD8C963A91C622BC131E62BD4663" pageNumber="619">Figures 1, 4 e, 5 e, 6 e</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9A9B9E8BAA9E302D018EC806D35A120" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1D6E99C4B19E1033AD48E1F34B80860A" pageNumber="619">
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<taxonomicName id="84E4B5B03EE1B1C982A460ED4D2DC9CE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229630" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi var. meridionalis Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pallidefulva" subSpecies="schaufussi" variety="meridionalis">Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi var. meridionalis Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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, W. M. 1904: 370 [Unavailable name.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="04BF9212B7D8D03D1E54F973B98B26BE" pageNumber="619">
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<taxonomicName id="2B2F929DE82893FA3B49A08C3F38FB84" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237936" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi var. dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pallidefulva" subSpecies="schaufussi" variety="dolosa">Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi var. dolosa Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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, W. M. 1912: 90 [Unnecessary replacement name for
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<taxonomicName id="264CAF271DBFA632169E1DA4359DFE1B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229563" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica meridionalis Nasonov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">meridionalis</taxonomicName>
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; also unavailable.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="02C9CEA045D60EB5DB409C117C87EECF" pageNumber="619">
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<taxonomicName id="29CF1663885D775B7F43E767B4B54F50" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237937" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pallidefulva" subSpecies="schaufussi">Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi</taxonomicName>
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: Wheeler, W. M. 1913 b: 552 (in part) [Misidentification.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="530DEAD9E6E96207E7F0AFACF6544AE3" pageNumber="619">
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<taxonomicName id="60019E6DA40E1E36698672536A7D3C98" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237936" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi var. dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pallidefulva" subSpecies="schaufussi" variety="dolosa">Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi var. dolosa</taxonomicName>
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: Wheeler, W. M. 1913 b: 554
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D5750BDC782D8B2EF7ADE5136C9680A0" pageNumber="619">
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<materialsCitation id="9AB1C475B08EC82198E6270CC4ABD534" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481512" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="W. M. Wheeler" country="U S A" county="Travis Co." stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="Syntype">
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<collectingRegionGroup id="C257F93CB90DC3907607843C529C9E32" country="U S A">
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<materialsCitationGroup id="45768AE3EE4C857FA2D03EF712AF2870" country="U S A" stateProvince="Texas">
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<taxonomicName id="E82498CFD8B6F3B19B9DFF9018B37DB2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237938" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica (Neoformica) schaufussi subsp. dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="schaufussi" subGenus="Neoformica" subSpecies="dolosa">Formica (Neoformica) schaufussi subsp. dolosa Buren</taxonomicName>
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, 1944: 309. [First available use of
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<taxonomicName id="51A85DCFD6E39054050000D86BEB1385" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">dolosa</taxonomicName>
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.]
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<typeStatus id="31EBA3C333020E8C45BCAAACA738A164">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers, Bull Creek,
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<collectingCounty id="10BFD6C64A2E08F7C7EBFC7168E83245">Travis Co.</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="2D6D5917BD37B6B62366E0E7E4E1D69E">Texas</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectorName id="A291A1CBB82C3AD8A2E934FA9D0B6B10">W. M. Wheeler</collectorName>
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) (
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<collectionCode id="749442B9A8555467BFB62E4C5AC13286" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology">MCZ</collectionCode>
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) [Examined. Three workers on one pin, labeled true types of
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<taxonomicName id="6288708E5AE17D614A7A0DB15B96DB5F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">dolosa</taxonomicName>
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by S. Cover, and two gynes on one pin labeled
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<typeStatus id="E1EB1A170B8AAB51A88F966B9F05F3CE">syntypes</typeStatus>
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by S. Cover]
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</materialsCitationGroup>
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</collectingRegionGroup>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="06858D7FC070314B2EF444C4888AE7B2" pageNumber="619">
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<taxonomicName id="B0199DC619F4C0C18092658E734AEFD8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237937" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pallidefulva" subSpecies="schaufussi">Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi</taxonomicName>
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: Emery, 1893: 654 [Misidentification.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6028D67B9F017D45665E6733562414DA" pageNumber="619">
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<taxonomicName id="3EE86E430B53BB68B1AB9C1B0A48AC4C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29203" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica schaufussi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi">Formica schaufussi</taxonomicName>
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: Creighton, 1950: 551 [Misidentification.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7AF92633F33CCD8D88273F6B9CD3BE43" pageNumber="619">
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<taxonomicName id="63B6231A528B8046FBA5894978C62356" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149841" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica schaufussi dolosa Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="schaufussi" subSpecies="dolosa">Formica schaufussi subsp. dolosa</taxonomicName>
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: Creighton, 1950: 551
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F3B3D40ADAE2A5436497A6FA4B026FBD" pageNumber="619">
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<taxonomicName id="407AE346C67F79D9944133D60521187A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29203" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica schaufussi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi">Formica schaufussi</taxonomicName>
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: Robson & Traniello, 1998: (in part) [Vouchers examined.]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="701F731794CC60575CCEE7A04755A5DC" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B7F0033E5391516EE3F1B232A143D49C" pageNumber="619">
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NOTE: We have selected a specimen in the Mayr collection (
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<collectionCode id="7713778DFB8462EFC0FA81EBCB3FED54" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien">NMW</collectionCode>
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) labeled Nord Amerika / Schaufuss as lectotype of
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<taxonomicName id="EEAD1D19E01649FCF61D50C42DA3F5B7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29203" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica schaufussi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi">Formica schaufussi Mayr</taxonomicName>
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, as this corresponds to the locality and collector information in Mayr s (1866) description. This sample clearly belongs to the much less pilose
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<taxonomicName id="EE232193BAC8FB55CD9C8051A516BF7E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">Formica pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
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. Thus, the name Formica schaufussi Mayr falls to the synonymy of
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<taxonomicName id="B26117D79CC151EF4436239DD5BF7759" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">Formica pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
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, below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="831724C36EE6D9899DD5AED17521FE75" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="11FAB2F6036459A4088CDCBFDB82B840" pageNumber="619">DIAGNOSIS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B9AC4A849115AD348912D628ACB56AC" pageNumber="619">
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Worker The largest, most pilose, most densely pubescent and least shiny of reddishyellow members of the
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<taxonomicName id="E36D80341E542046A897D457F0A7F09B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
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group (
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<taxonomicName id="3C4CA06BE7F7E42F001B6A897E1C9810" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
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is duller, but always much darker and averages smaller). Weakly bicolored; head, mesosoma and legs light coppery red (south) to yellowish or reddish brown (north); gaster a little darker than head and mesosoma. Dorsal sclerites of mesosoma with abundant erect pilosity (Fig. 6 e); erect macrochaetae on gaster abundant and long (longest macrochaetae 0.16 - 0.30 mm), straight to slightly curved. Mesosoma, especially propodeal dorsum, pubescent; gaster dulled by long, dense, pale grayish, appressed microchaetae (Fig. 4 e). Gaster with small shallow foveolae in some samples, these nearly lacking in others. The propodeal crest is nearly always rounded in
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<taxonomicName id="AE3F04E11E02963319E605F519B4D7FB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
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. The larger workers of this species are the largest eastern US
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<taxonomicName id="5AA634C35A0002DE68B0928C5BCFC856" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
|
|
, matched within the genus only by the allopatric and otherwise quite different
|
|
<taxonomicName id="968E84FDAAA4FFAF646F64E5CAEAA556" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29193" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica ravida Creighton" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="619" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ravida">F. ravida Creighton</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4A79B31A13D46C435AE64DF130ED98FA" pageNumber="620">
|
|
Queen Color, gastral pubescence, abundant pilosity and lack of shininess like the workers, with the usual differences in size. Sculpture a little more accented with notable fine tessellation of entire head, mesosoma and gastral dorsum; wings, when present, clear brownish to dark smoky gray. Three mesoscutal spots present as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5259F0490CBFF038B9B200F99E0E68D5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but these pale and diffuse.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="48580AF14401B47D71DC5E1093972E84" pageNumber="620">
|
|
Male Pubescence dense and pilosity abundant; surface sculpture punctate; head and gaster dark brown, mesosoma reddish brown to dark reddish brown with legs the same color; wings dark smoky gray. Larger than the nearly similar
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8F1E417FCB7972C669788A1C534FBEFB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
, in which the mesosoma is normally about the same color as the head and gaster.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="75B260DE66F88DD13BD5E646F16790A7" pageNumber="620">DISTINGUISHING FEATURES</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="40182937A5ED49CA408798CD9A3F0E7D" pageNumber="620">
|
|
The propodeal crest of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C214B212FE822544B7312BA7141D0A1D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
is nearly always rounded in profile, and is typically sharp or even carinulate in the other species. This large, hairy, densely pubescent and faintly bicolored ant is most likely to be confused with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="81304ABE2F319FC3ACFC5DFC61DF3A05" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Compared to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="92EA941D6BCFFADD70BE8576AB98F0DA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AC19D0B11AFEC2EDAAE41C59D2257ACB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
has conspicuous appressed pubescence on the mesosoma, has more abundant, but slightly shorter gastral pilosity (longest macrochaetae up to 0.30 mm), has longer, denser pubescence on the gaster (compare Fig. 4 b and 4 e), and averages larger and heavier-bodied. The number of macrochaetae on the pronotum usually exceeds that on the propodeum of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="168AA80F29272C5D6DFC598352BBCDFF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
, (46 of 54 specimens) whereas the number on the propodeum more often exceeds that on the pronotum of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="81CFDA9735D4927ED506EF2C5F607B1A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
(20 of 32 specimens).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E43FA28D2090A4FA04694D85515E0AD9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
usually has relatively smaller eyes compared to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E12DBF7BBA2A10D9A2AB062DDAA735C1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Table 1). In the field,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="695268EE9F7AB2181DCE2D719B32A2DC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
occupies the drier end of the habitat spectrum, the two overlapping mainly in pine-oak woodlands of the Southeastern U. S., and in dry-mesic prairies further north. In the Northeastern U. S., larger, more pilose workers of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8A6CA58682939AD1526CD665FF441A94" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
are often misidentified as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A312C35667687D01698406D58BB15A98" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6FB6EE9B98EB43DA01F7C001FD17F7E0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
averages larger and more pilose, has mesosomal pubescence and denser gastral pubescence, has longer scapes and legs; is generally lighter, more yellowish or reddish in color, and is more strictly associated with highly drained soils.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="2D00001C160B379F9BB2CB8BED0A37A2" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="12A8F9EBA280D74972DCA92F800A28EA" pageNumber="620">ETYMOLOGY</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="714002504BB55A50D3E23B6067E615F7" pageNumber="620">This name comes from the Latin adjective dolosus, meaning cunning or sly. Perhaps Wheeler was referring to the fleetness of its escape when alarmed, as this species is very shy and an excellent escape artist.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="60BA02A432FCD8BDCDE52E53509DC0AB" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="90D14E095B74D860DEB4D5CD02A3C521" pageNumber="620">RANGE AND HABITAT</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F192A344C1D50C6B2A1A0517C87DADF1" pageNumber="620">
|
|
Widely distributed from New England across the Great Lakes region, west to Wisconsin and Iowa and south to northern Florida, the Gulf Coast states and Texas. Records of this ant in Colorado by Gregg are all misidentified
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0A687346874A2208D1C091F744ECFC04" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
(L. Rericha, personal communication).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDF566B90EE6ED2F8814B9DA6A9EE18D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
is decidedly most abundant on acid-soil sites. These include a variety of droughty or well-drained habitats such as barrens, glades, prairies or open oak or pine woodlands on silicaceous or loessic soils. Though reported (as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="191476A7C6101D0382909EB16ACBD474" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29203" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica schaufussi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi">schaufussi</taxonomicName>
|
|
) from plowed fields and pastures in the Northeast,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7EEA0D74A12BBBEF1B41DAF5C4F2681B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not usually common in such communities. J. Trager found
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3526A53247AD2E5225016986008C643B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
in calcareous glades in Alabama and Missouri, but it is not abundant in these sites. In stark contrast to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0579E049B4A57CC5076D7E5E75AF85D0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E93F597050C2F6F2F7842D10C9A9971A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F45DA7FBCAC17C03E203FA29048BCBB6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="620" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
does not nest in mesic habitats or in moist, fertile soils.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="F23A74235CA722136BD073C15965638A" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="388EC1D32184D27131D7326055252922" pageNumber="620">SPECIMENS EXAMINED</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="ABFE60B6AB082B502E6A4FC1D4958844" lastPageNumber="621" pageNumber="620">ALABAMA: Lawrence; ARKANSAS: Logan; FLORIDA: Alachua; Bay; Columbia; Escambia; Gilchrist; Jackson; Jefferson; Lake; Leon; Liberty; Okaloosa; Santa Rosa; Suwannee; Walton; GEORGIA: Clarke; Lumpkin; ILLINOIS: Mason; MARYLAND: Allegany; Dorchester; MASSACHUSETTS: Plymouth; Worchester MISSISSIPPI: Chickasaw; Choctaw; Lafayette; Lee; Lowndes; Noxubee; Oktibbeha; Pontotoc; Scott; Tishomingo; Winston; MISSOURI: Franklin; Johnson; Lincoln; Washington; NEW JERSEY: Ocean; NEW YORK: Nassau; Suffolk; NORTH CAROLINA: Nash OHIO: Adams; SOUTH CAROLINA: Aiken; Barnwell; McCormick; Oconee; TEXAS: Travis; WISCONSIN: Adams; Crawford; Dane; Grant; Iowa; Marshall; Sauk; Walworth; Waukesha.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="45F802F509AAB27408E7B06381524E38" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="3D714F6A9A395885E00A9FDF5D96127F" pageNumber="621">NATURAL HISTORY</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5B212FE5FF28AE0383835D5B32E41D3C" pageNumber="621">
|
|
Nests may be hidden beneath a rock or piece of wood, but most nest entrances are at the base of a grass clump or other herbaceous plant. Some open onto bare ground, the entrance surrounded by a crater of excavated soil adorned with plant fragments, charcoal bits or fine gravel. J. MacGown collected
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CF004ACAFF5AFCC3FE9D82AE5C53C5A9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
in nests at the bases of large trees on relatively drier and more open ridges in mixed forests in northern Mississippi, and from an infrequently mowed area under loblolly pines near his house in Oktibbeha Co. Mississippi. The nest at the latter site was a low mound about 45 cm across and about 15 cm high at the midpoint. Part of the mound was inhabited by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B95D2CCA82A2B3EFE5A5BB8551D84F0B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:26319" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Camponotus castaneus (Latreille)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">Camponotus castaneus Latreille</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8694E0C05BB8BF8B81C86AAF78A4C200" pageNumber="621">
|
|
In the East and Gulf Coast United States,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F9646298436014B5D563688C7DE0B2E7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
is host to the slavemaker
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AE74D07F2C030D788C00764A2467B65E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151754" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Polyergus lucidus longicornis Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lucidus" subSpecies="longicornis">Polyergus lucidus longicornis</taxonomicName>
|
|
M. R. Smith. J. Trager's collection contains samples of this slavemaker with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CE0A9777F2C4A1372B0B42FC2A6F30D6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
slaves from Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, South Carolina and Mississippi. In Missouri,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E0FE182CB2FDC6A5183C1F852C216E35" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
is occasionally among the many hosts of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDDB812F41398C574AB1BE4FA8312E93" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29169" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pergandei Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pergandei">F. pergandei</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but we have only observed them in combination with other host species (see Natural History of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C333DB7792A2B4E6BBC09BE28B611506" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
for a case in point). In Florida, J. Trager observed F.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D42B864015DBE3A9EC7AED45E7F8A584" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC3B9F374258A70114E43138BE32BEDC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
|
|
competing for domination of colonies of Toumeyella scales on long-leaf pine grass-stage seedlings. Occasionally, fights would arise in which the larger
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DF1D13FFE321ED35D1E4C140FAA1BDB9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
threw or chased
|
|
<taxonomicName id="99F65A04E212B0EB66E1FF8B0F80B5C6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29057" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica archboldi Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">F. archboldi</taxonomicName>
|
|
workers to the ground.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7AAE09AB9886EA2BE814FEA0CE026DDE" pageNumber="621">Winged sexuals were collected in nests in mid-June in Florida and Georgia, and one male was found in a nest in western Missouri in August. Both worker and sexual pupae are always enclosed in a cocoon.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |