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<document id="FEC340078C93CEF46C99CC123B4E530D" ID-CLB-Dataset="5605" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3795.5.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="87d17125-337d-4679-bdcd-102f6b022ad2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915083" ID-ZooBank="9394634C-9836-4973-868B-BDEE414E4EA8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623198152603" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Petzold, Alice, Vargas-Ramírez, Mario, Kehlmaier, Christian, Vamberger, Melita, Branch, William R., Preez, Louis Du, Hofmeyr, Margaretha D., Meyer, Leon, Schleicher, Alfred, Široký, Pavel &amp; Fritz, Uwe" docDate="2014" docId="CB02879FF93EFFCBFF74FBE1FDC5F9CA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03795p548.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3795 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pelomedusa galeata" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="534" masterDocId="373BFFE7F937FFC0FFE3FFB8FFC9FFBF" masterDocTitle="A revision of African helmeted terrapins (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelomedusa), with descriptions of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="548" masterPageNumber="523" pageNumber="532" updateTime="1699006367747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="036DBD968B8A522CDD0EC67B394FAF7B">A revision of African helmeted terrapins (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelomedusa), with descriptions of six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="F6099D7A901CD61A68A1C3D22EF7B526">Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BC66022EB8F604FC984BAE8013B50370">Branch, William R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D17F2055A4E0A5E03141D956F25D58A7">Department of Herpetology, Port Elizabeth Museum, P. O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa &amp; Department of Zoology, P. O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="1AB2C3F343473D1D7DF6B4873E395AA0">Unit for Environmental Science &amp; Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BA06859B496D29163C50735FFE1BB513">Hofmeyr, Margaretha D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="97110795BA491AE9B2634A6CCB1120CA">Chelonian Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="5A72DD47B9BC153A4F2DCCAD07AA9658">Unit for Environmental Science &amp; Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5F60452BCBB19D72F5A878E24C6A9BBD">Široký, Pavel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="16A3402F77FE36FA5415A15688E30202">Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1 / 3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="700A475A6A9C3FC981E97364470BE199">Fritz, Uwe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="35E3A1DA59FB76CA34AE5A996B73D899">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="CB02879FF93EFFCBFF74FBE1FDC5F9CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5082927" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183403854" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5082927" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB02879FF93EFFCBFF74FBE1FDC5F9CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB02879FF93EFFCBFF74FBE1FDC5F9CA" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
<subSubSection id="0BB16502F93EFFC9FF74FBE1FD90FBCB" box="[151,601,1113,1140]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="185C81E5F93EFFC9FF74FBE1FD90FBCB" bold="true" box="[151,601,1113,1140]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93EFFC9FF74FBE1FD90FBCB" authority="(Schoepff, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Schoepff" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[151,601,1113,1140]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FF74FBE1FD90FBCB" bold="true" box="[151,601,1113,1140]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FF74FBE1FE41FBCC" bold="true" box="[151,392,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Pelomedusa galeata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FE74FBE2FD98FBCB" author="Schoepff, I. D." box="[407,593,1114,1140]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" refId="ref17678" refString="Schoepff, I. D. (1792) Historia Testudinum iconibus illustrata. Ioannes Iacobus Palm, Erlangen, XII + 136 pp., 31 plates. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5109" type="book" year="1792">Schoepff, 1792</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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1792
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<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FF02FB18FE40FB08" box="[225,393,1184,1207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Testudo galeata</emphasis>
Schoepff
</taxonomicName>
—Restricted type locality (
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FCECFB18FC53FB08" author="Hewitt, J." box="[783,922,1184,1207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="283 - 357" refId="ref16709" refString="Hewitt, J. (1935) Some new forms of batrachians and reptiles from South Africa. Records of the Albany Museum, 4, 283 - 357, plates XXVII - XXXVI." type="journal article" year="1935">Hewitt 1935</bibRefCitation>
): environs of
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Town,
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;
<typeStatus id="9C10882BF93EFFC9FAA9FB18FEC6FB68" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FEFEFB78FE04FB68" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Petzold, A. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Kindler, C. &amp; Campbell, P. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R." box="[285,461,1216,1239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="501 - 522" refId="ref16261" refString="Fritz, U., Petzold, A., Kehlmaier, C., Kindler, C., Campbell, P., Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R. (2014) Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA. Zootaxa, 3795 (5), 501 - 522 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Fritz
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FEB4FB78FE44FB68" box="[343,397,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
): Biological Museum of Lund University, ZMUL 6481 (
<figureCitation id="DB902A0CF93EFFC9FBC4FB78FBAFFB68" box="[1063,1126,1216,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[186,1412,203,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[151,1436,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and ventral aspects of the holotype of Pelomedusa barbata sp. nov. (MTD D 24637, male, Zinjibar, Abyan, Yemen; top) and of the holotype of Pelomedusa kobe sp. nov. (ZSM 334/1978:1, juvenile, Naberera, Manyara, Tanzania; bottom). Scale bars, 3 cm. Photos: E. Morawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915089/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
bottom in
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FB39FB78FA4FFB68" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Petzold, A. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Kindler, C. &amp; Campbell, P. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R." box="[1242,1414,1216,1239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="501 - 522" refId="ref16261" refString="Fritz, U., Petzold, A., Kehlmaier, C., Kindler, C., Campbell, P., Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R. (2014) Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA. Zootaxa, 3795 (5), 501 - 522 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Fritz
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FAF7FB78FA80FB68" box="[1300,1353,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43143689F93EFFC9FF74FB58FDF0FA88" blockId="9.[151,1430,1184,1527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
1835
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93EFFC9FF02FB58FDA6FB48" authority="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1835" box="[225,623,1248,1271]" class="Testudines" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pentonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurodira" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FF02FB58FE6CFB48" box="[225,421,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Pentonyx capensis</emphasis>
Duméril &amp; Bibron
</taxonomicName>
—Restricted type locality (by
<typeStatus id="9C10882BF93EFFC9FC53FB58FBDBFB48" box="[944,1042,1248,1271]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation,
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FB43FB58FA87FB48" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Petzold, A. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Kindler, C. &amp; Campbell, P. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R." box="[1184,1358,1248,1271]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="501 - 522" refId="ref16261" refString="Fritz, U., Petzold, A., Kehlmaier, C., Kindler, C., Campbell, P., Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R. (2014) Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA. Zootaxa, 3795 (5), 501 - 522 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Fritz
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FB3BFB58FAC7FB48" box="[1240,1294,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
):
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93EFFC9FABCFB58FA5FFB48" box="[1375,1430,1248,1271]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Cape</collectingRegion>
of Good Hope,
<collectingCountry id="3BBC7619F93EFFC9FE64FAB8FDDAFAA8" box="[391,531,1280,1303]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">South Africa</collectingCountry>
;
<typeStatus id="9C10882BF93EFFC9FDFDFAB8FD49FAA8" box="[542,640,1280,1303]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FD6EFAB8FCF7FAA8" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Petzold, A. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Kindler, C. &amp; Campbell, P. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R." box="[653,830,1280,1303]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="501 - 522" refId="ref16261" refString="Fritz, U., Petzold, A., Kehlmaier, C., Kindler, C., Campbell, P., Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R. (2014) Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA. Zootaxa, 3795 (5), 501 - 522 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Fritz
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FD2BFAB8FD34FAA8" box="[712,765,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
): Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, MNHN 9506 (
<figureCitation id="DB902A0CF93EFFC9FEC6FA98FEAAFA88" box="[293,355,1312,1335]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[187,1380,204,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-68@15.[151,1436,143,1882]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal and ventral aspects of the holotype of Pelomedusa neumanni sp. nov. (NMP6V 74974, adult male, Kakamega, Kenya; top) and of Pelomedusa schweinfurthi sp. nov. (SMF 56161, female, Liria, Central Equatoria, South Sudan; bottom). Scale bars, 3 cm. Photos: P. Široký and E. Morawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915093/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
Fig.
<quantity id="84539B6CF93EFFC9FEB5FA98FEAAFA88" box="[342,355,1312,1335]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" unit="in" value="4.0">4</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FE65FA98FDFBFA88" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Petzold, A. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Kindler, C. &amp; Campbell, P. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R." box="[390,562,1312,1335]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="501 - 522" refId="ref16261" refString="Fritz, U., Petzold, A., Kehlmaier, C., Kindler, C., Campbell, P., Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R. (2014) Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA. Zootaxa, 3795 (5), 501 - 522 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Fritz
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FE5CFA98FE3DFA88" box="[447,500,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43143689F93EFFC9FF74FAF8FC13FAC8" blockId="9.[151,1430,1184,1527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
1863
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93EFFC9FF02FAF8FE17FAE8" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1863" box="[225,478,1344,1367]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FF02FAF8FE6DFAE8" box="[225,420,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Pelomedusa nigra</emphasis>
Gray
</taxonomicName>
—Type locality: Natal,
<collectingCountry id="3BBC7619F93EFFC9FD38FAF8FCAEFAE8" box="[731,871,1344,1367]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">South Africa</collectingCountry>
;
<typeStatus id="9C10882BF93EFFC9FC91FAF8FC1DFAE8" box="[882,980,1344,1367]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FC02FAF8FB5BFAE8" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Petzold, A. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Kindler, C. &amp; Campbell, P. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R." box="[993,1170,1344,1367]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="501 - 522" refId="ref16261" refString="Fritz, U., Petzold, A., Kehlmaier, C., Kindler, C., Campbell, P., Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R. (2014) Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA. Zootaxa, 3795 (5), 501 - 522 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Fritz
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FBFFFAF8FB98FAE8" box="[1052,1105,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
): The Natural History Museum, London, BMNH 1849.1.30.27 (Fig. 6 top in
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FCC5FAD8FC1AFAC8" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Petzold, A. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Kindler, C. &amp; Campbell, P. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R." box="[806,979,1376,1399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="501 - 522" refId="ref16261" refString="Fritz, U., Petzold, A., Kehlmaier, C., Kindler, C., Campbell, P., Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R. (2014) Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA. Zootaxa, 3795 (5), 501 - 522 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Fritz
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FC83FAD8FC5FFAC8" box="[864,918,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43143689F93EFFC9FF74FA38FB95FA08" blockId="9.[151,1430,1184,1527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
1935
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93EFFC9FF02FA38FDB3FA28" authority="Hewitt" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1935" box="[225,634,1408,1431]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="galeata" subSpecies="devilliersi">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FF02FA38FDE2FA28" box="[225,555,1408,1431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Pelomedusa galeata devilliersi</emphasis>
Hewitt
</taxonomicName>
—Type locality: Besondermeid, Steinkopf,
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93EFFC9FBA9FA38FB23FA28" box="[1098,1258,1408,1431]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="3BBC7619F93EFFC9FB16FA38FA48FA28" box="[1269,1409,1408,1431]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">South Africa</collectingCountry>
;
<materialsCitation id="F3C33CD4F93EFFC9FF02FA18FB95FA08" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319794318" accessionNumber="R14962" box="[225,1116,1440,1463]" collectionCode="PEM, R" location="Port Elizabeth Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="9C10882BF93EFFC9FF02FA18FE8AFA08" box="[225,323,1440,1463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<location id="46746052F93EFFC9FEAFFA18FD83FA08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB02879FF93EFFCBFF74FBE1FDC5F9CA:46746052F93EFFC9FEAFFA18FD83FA08" box="[332,586,1440,1463]" name="Port Elizabeth Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Port Elizabeth Museum</location>
,
<collectionCode id="25BAAE4CF93EFFC9FDB6FA18FD45FA08" box="[597,652,1440,1463]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xqn4-34sv" name="Port Elizabeth Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" type="Museum">PEM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="25BAAE4CF93EFFC9FD71FA18FD6DFA08" box="[658,676,1440,1463]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">R</collectionCode>
14962 (Fig. 7 bottom in
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FC4AFA18FB9CFA08" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Petzold, A. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Kindler, C. &amp; Campbell, P. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R." box="[937,1109,1440,1463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="501 - 522" refId="ref16261" refString="Fritz, U., Petzold, A., Kehlmaier, C., Kindler, C., Campbell, P., Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R. (2014) Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA. Zootaxa, 3795 (5), 501 - 522 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Fritz
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FC01FA18FBD1FA08" box="[994,1048,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0BB16502F93EFFC9FF74FA78FB02FA48" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" type="description">
<paragraph id="43143689F93EFFC9FF74FA78FB02FA48" blockId="9.[151,1430,1184,1527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
1935
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93EFFC9FF02FA78FD4DFA68" authority="Hewitt" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1935" box="[225,644,1472,1495]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="galeata" subSpecies="orangensis">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FF02FA78FDFCFA68" box="[225,565,1472,1495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Pelomedusa galeata orangensis</emphasis>
Hewitt
</taxonomicName>
—Type locality: Kimberley neighbourhood (?),
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93EFFC9FB67FA78FAEDFA68" box="[1156,1316,1472,1495]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="3BBC7619F93EFFC9FACCFA78FEE0FA48" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">South Africa</collectingCountry>
;
<typeStatus id="9C10882BF93EFFC9FED0FA58FE5CFA48" box="[307,405,1504,1527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: McGregor Museum, Kimberley, lost (
<figureCitation id="DB902A0CF93EFFC9FCD2FA58FCB9FA48" box="[817,880,1504,1527]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[187,1380,204,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-68@15.[151,1436,143,1882]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal and ventral aspects of the holotype of Pelomedusa neumanni sp. nov. (NMP6V 74974, adult male, Kakamega, Kenya; top) and of Pelomedusa schweinfurthi sp. nov. (SMF 56161, female, Liria, Central Equatoria, South Sudan; bottom). Scale bars, 3 cm. Photos: P. Široký and E. Morawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915093/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
of Plate XXXII in
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FBDEFA58FB0BFA48" author="Hewitt, J." box="[1085,1218,1504,1527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="283 - 357" refId="ref16709" refString="Hewitt, J. (1935) Some new forms of batrachians and reptiles from South Africa. Records of the Albany Museum, 4, 283 - 357, plates XXVII - XXXVI." type="journal article" year="1935">Hewitt 1935</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0BB16502F93EFFCBFF74F983FBC2FE12" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="43143689F93EFFCBFF74F983FBC2FE12" blockId="9.[151,1436,1595,2016]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,1653]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FF74F983FEDAF9EB" bold="true" box="[151,275,1595,1620]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Large-sized, often dark-coloured helmeted terrapins with an exceptional maximum straight carapacial length of
<quantity id="84539B6CF93EFFC9FEE8F9E7FEA0F9C8" box="[267,361,1631,1656]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" unit="cm" value="32.5">32.5 cm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FE9FF9E7FDD8F9C7" author="Hewitt, J." box="[380,529,1631,1656]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="283 - 357" refId="ref16709" refString="Hewitt, J. (1935) Some new forms of batrachians and reptiles from South Africa. Records of the Albany Museum, 4, 283 - 357, plates XXVII - XXXVI." type="journal article" year="1935">Hewitt 1935</bibRefCitation>
, discussed in
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93EFFC9FD5BF9E7FC51F9C7" author="Branch, W. R. &amp; Baard, E. H. W. &amp; De Villiers, A." box="[696,920,1631,1656]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="53 - 54" refId="ref15200" refString="Branch, W. R., Baard, E. H. W. &amp; De Villiers, A. (1990) Some exceptionally large Southern African chelonians. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa, 37, 53 - 54. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 04416651.1990.9650264" type="journal article" year="1990">
Branch
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FCF7F9D9FC98F9C7" box="[788,849,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
). However, the normal shell length of adult terrapins is around
<quantity id="84539B6CF93EFFC9FE63F93CFE07F924" box="[384,462,1668,1693]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" unit="cm" value="26.0">26 cm</quantity>
. Pectoral scutes always with broad or very broad contact at plastral midseam. In approximately 50% of all terrapins two small temporal scales present on each side of head, the others having one large undivided temporal scale. Two small barbels below chin. Soft parts dorsally darker than ventrally. Carapace and plastron of adults often mainly or entirely dark. However, in the western and northwestern parts of the range adults may be light-coloured with mainly or entirely yellow plastra.
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93EFFC9FC55F8ACFB54F892" baseAuthorityName="Schoepff" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[950,1181,1812,1837]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FC55F8ACFB54F892" box="[950,1181,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Pelomedusa galeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93EFFC9FF74F88FFEB5F8EF" box="[151,380,1847,1872]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FF74F88FFEE9F8EF" box="[151,288,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Pelomedusa</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93EFFC9FE38F881FD99F8EF" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[475,592,1847,1872]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="subrufa">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FE38F881FD99F8EF" box="[475,592,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">P. subrufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6AEC57E0F93EFFC9FDBFF880FD22F8EF" box="[604,747,1847,1872]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the presence of cytosine (C) instead of adenine (A) or guanine (G) at position 148, by the presence of guanine (G) instead of adenine (A) at position 159, by the presence of cytosine (C) instead of thymine (T) at position 167, and by the presence of guanine (G) instead of adenine (A) or thymine (T) at position 343 of the 360-bp-long reference alignment of the 12S rRNA gene (Supporting Information). In addition,
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93EFFC9FE5EF871FDE7F85F" baseAuthorityName="Schoepff" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[445,558,1991,2016]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FE5EF871FDE7F85F" box="[445,558,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">P. galeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93EFFC9FCC6F87FFBCEF85F" box="[805,1031,1991,2016]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FCC6F87FFC66F85F" box="[805,943,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Pelomedusa</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93EFFC9FBBDF871FB19F85F" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1118,1232,1991,2016]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="subrufa">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93EFFC9FBBDF871FB19F85F" box="[1118,1232,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">P. subrufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6AEC57E0F93EFFC9FB34F870FAABF85F" box="[1239,1378,1991,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
(and possibly
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFF1FFF21FEA2FF0F" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[252,363,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gehafie">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFF1FFF21FEA2FF0F" box="[252,363,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">P. gehafie</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFE99FF21FE02FF0F" authorityName="Petzold &amp; Vargas-Ramírez &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Vamberger &amp; Branch &amp; Preez &amp; Hofmeyr &amp; Meyer &amp; Schleicher &amp; Široký &amp; Fritz" authorityYear="2014" box="[378,459,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kobe">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFE99FF21FE02FF0F" box="[378,459,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">P. kobe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and candidate species B, in which the respective character states are unknown) by the presence of thymine (T) instead of cytosine (C) at position 26 and by the presence of cytosine (C) instead of thymine (T) at position 38.
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFE37FF67FD70FF47" baseAuthorityName="Schoepff" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[468,697,223,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFE37FF67FD70FF47" box="[468,697,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Pelomedusa galeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFCB0FF59FC0CFF47" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[851,965,223,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="subrufa">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFCB0FF59FC0CFF47" box="[851,965,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">P. subrufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6AEC57E0F93CFFCBFC2DFF58FB92FF47" box="[974,1115,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the presence of cytosine (C) instead of thymine (T) at positions 60 and 191, by the presence of thymine (T) instead of cytosine (C) at positions 117 and 298, by the presence of adenine (A) instead of thymine (T) at position 169, by the presence of guanine (G) instead of adenine (A) at positions 180 and 233, by the presence of adenine (A) instead of guanine (G) at positions 223, 226 and 296, by the presence of cytosine (C) instead of adenine (A) at position 280, and by the presence of guanine (G) instead of thymine (T) or cytosine (C) at position 289.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="17D46601F93DFFCAFF74F834FDB9F85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915089/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" startId="10.[151,250,1932,1954]" targetBox="[186,1412,203,1888]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="43143689F93DFFCAFF74F834FDB9F85F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1932,2016]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93DFFCAFF74F834FEDBF81D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1932,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Dorsal and ventral aspects of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93DFFCAFD03F834FC7BF81D" authority="Petzold &amp; Vargas-Ramírez &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Vamberger &amp; Branch &amp; Preez &amp; Hofmeyr &amp; Meyer &amp; Schleicher &amp; Široký &amp; Fritz, 2014" authorityName="Petzold &amp; Vargas-Ramírez &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Vamberger &amp; Branch &amp; Preez &amp; Hofmeyr &amp; Meyer &amp; Schleicher &amp; Široký &amp; Fritz" authorityYear="2014" box="[736,946,1932,1954]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93DFFCAFD03F834FC7BF81D" box="[736,946,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Pelomedusa barbata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93DFFCAFC54F834FBCEF81D" bold="true" box="[951,1031,1932,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6AEC57E0F93DFFCAFC54F834FBCEF81D" box="[951,1031,1932,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(MTD D 24637, male, Zinjibar, Abyan, Yemen; top) and of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93DFFCAFDFAF813FD06F87E" authority="Petzold &amp; Vargas-Ramírez &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Vamberger &amp; Branch &amp; Preez &amp; Hofmeyr &amp; Meyer &amp; Schleicher &amp; Široký &amp; Fritz, 2014" authorityName="Petzold &amp; Vargas-Ramírez &amp; Kehlmaier &amp; Vamberger &amp; Branch &amp; Preez &amp; Hofmeyr &amp; Meyer &amp; Schleicher &amp; Široký &amp; Fritz" authorityYear="2014" box="[537,719,1963,1985]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kobe" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93DFFCAFDFAF813FD06F87E" box="[537,719,1963,1985]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Pelomedusa kobe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93DFFCAFD3BF813FCE5F87E" bold="true" box="[728,812,1963,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6AEC57E0F93DFFCAFD3BF813FCE5F87E" box="[728,812,1963,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(ZSM 334/1978:1, juvenile, Naberera, Manyara, Tanzania; bottom). Scale bars, 3 cm. Photos: E. Morawa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="0BB16502F93CFFCBFF24FE0FFC09FE4A" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="43143689F93CFFCBFF24FE0FFC09FE4A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFF24FE0FFEABFE6F" bold="true" box="[199,354,439,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="3BBC7619F93CFFCBFE89FE0FFE32FE6F" box="[362,507,439,464]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFDE8FE0FFD6DFE6F" box="[523,676,439,464]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFD52FE00FCECFE6F" box="[689,805,439,464]" country="South Africa" name="Free State" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Free State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFCD2FE0FFC5AFE6F" box="[817,915,439,464]" country="South Africa" name="Gauteng" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Gauteng</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFC7CFE0FFB9BFE6F" box="[927,1106,439,464]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFBBDFE0FFB2BFE70" box="[1118,1250,439,464]" country="South Africa" name="North West" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">North West</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFB0DFE0FFA51FE6F" box="[1262,1432,439,464]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFF74FE64FEFFFE4A" box="[151,310,476,501]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
;
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFEA2FE64FDBEFE4A" author="Vargas-Ramirez, M. &amp; Vences, M. &amp; Branch, W. R. &amp; Daniels, S. R. &amp; Glaw, F. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Kuchling, G. &amp; Maran, J. &amp; Papenfuss, T. J. &amp; Siroky, P. &amp; Vieites, D. R. &amp; Fritz, U." box="[321,631,476,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" pagination="428 - 440" refId="ref18768" refString="Vargas-Ramirez, M., Vences, M., Branch, W. R., Daniels, S. R., Glaw, F., Hofmeyr, M. D., Kuchling, G., Maran, J., Papenfuss, T. J., Siroky, P., Vieites, D. R. &amp; Fritz, U. (2010) Deep genealogical lineages in the widely distributed African helmeted terrapin: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelomedusa subrufa). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 428 - 440. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.03.019" type="journal article" year="2010">
Vargas-Ramírez
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFE1FFE65FDFDFE4A" box="[508,564,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFD61FE64FCF1FE4A" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Petzold, A. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Kindler, C. &amp; Campbell, P. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R." box="[642,824,476,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" pagination="501 - 522" refId="ref16261" refString="Fritz, U., Petzold, A., Kehlmaier, C., Kindler, C., Campbell, P., Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R. (2014) Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA. Zootaxa, 3795 (5), 501 - 522 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Fritz
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFD5EFE65FD3FFE4A" box="[701,758,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
; this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0BB16502F93CFFCBFF24FDB8FDC5F9CA" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="43143689F93CFFCBFF24FDB8FE1EFDDF" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFF24FDB8FEF4FDA7" bold="true" box="[199,317,512,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFEA7FE47FDEEFDA7" baseAuthorityName="Schoepff" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[324,551,511,536]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFEA7FE47FDEEFDA7" box="[324,551,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Pelomedusa galeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
corresponds to mtDNA lineage IX of
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFC30FE47FAD3FDA7" author="Vargas-Ramirez, M. &amp; Vences, M. &amp; Branch, W. R. &amp; Daniels, S. R. &amp; Glaw, F. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Kuchling, G. &amp; Maran, J. &amp; Papenfuss, T. J. &amp; Siroky, P. &amp; Vieites, D. R. &amp; Fritz, U." box="[979,1306,511,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" pagination="428 - 440" refId="ref18768" refString="Vargas-Ramirez, M., Vences, M., Branch, W. R., Daniels, S. R., Glaw, F., Hofmeyr, M. D., Kuchling, G., Maran, J., Papenfuss, T. J., Siroky, P., Vieites, D. R. &amp; Fritz, U. (2010) Deep genealogical lineages in the widely distributed African helmeted terrapin: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelomedusa subrufa). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 428 - 440. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.03.019" type="journal article" year="2010">
Vargas-Ramírez
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFB6EFDB9FB0FFDA7" box="[1165,1222,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
. It is one of the two southern species of
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFE2DFD9CFD9EFD82" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[462,599,548,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFE2DFD9CFD9EFD82" box="[462,599,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Pelomedusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which constitute together a weakly supported clade based on phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA (
<figureCitation id="DB902A0CF93CFFCBFE66FDFFFE0FFDDF" box="[389,454,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,999,1021]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,219,969]" captionTargetId="figure-480@3.[151,1436,199,975]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood tree for helmeted terrapins (Pelomedusa spp.) using 1848 bp of mitochondrial DNA (12S, cyt b, ND4+tRNAs), rooted with Pelusios sinuatus. Terminal clades collapsed to cartoons. The topology of the Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree was identical. Numbers along branches indicate bootstrap support and clade support under BI (posterior probabilities) greater than 50 or 0.95, respectively. Asterisks represent maximum support under both methods. Colours and symbol correspond to the map (Fig. 2). On the right, proposed species names indicated; in brackets, mtDNA lineages. For clade membership of individual samples, see Table S1. The questionable sample MTD T 5484 from Swellendam District (Western Cape), South Africa, is highlighted in red (see text). The shown terrapins are Pelomedusa neumanni (top; Kakamega, Kenya) and P. galeata (bottom; Port Elizabeth, South Africa—photos: H. Prokop and W.R. Branch)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915085/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43143689F93CFFCBFF24FDD4FCBAFC1A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
According to phylogenetic analyses,
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFD8BFDD5FD11FD3A" baseAuthorityName="Schoepff" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[616,728,620,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFD8BFDD5FD11FD3A" box="[616,728,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">P. galeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of three distinct clades, one being represented by many samples from most of
<collectingCountry id="3BBC7619F93CFFCBFE36FD37FDADFD17" box="[469,612,655,680]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and two represented by only one and three samples, respectively (
<figureCitation id="DB902A0CF93CFFCBFAA9FD37FA42FD17" box="[1354,1419,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,999,1021]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,219,969]" captionTargetId="figure-480@3.[151,1436,199,975]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood tree for helmeted terrapins (Pelomedusa spp.) using 1848 bp of mitochondrial DNA (12S, cyt b, ND4+tRNAs), rooted with Pelusios sinuatus. Terminal clades collapsed to cartoons. The topology of the Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree was identical. Numbers along branches indicate bootstrap support and clade support under BI (posterior probabilities) greater than 50 or 0.95, respectively. Asterisks represent maximum support under both methods. Colours and symbol correspond to the map (Fig. 2). On the right, proposed species names indicated; in brackets, mtDNA lineages. For clade membership of individual samples, see Table S1. The questionable sample MTD T 5484 from Swellendam District (Western Cape), South Africa, is highlighted in red (see text). The shown terrapins are Pelomedusa neumanni (top; Kakamega, Kenya) and P. galeata (bottom; Port Elizabeth, South Africa—photos: H. Prokop and W.R. Branch)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915085/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). However, the clade represented by only one sample (MTD T 5484, Swellendam District,
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFB32FD0CFABDFD72" box="[1233,1396,692,717]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
) is questionable. For MTD T 5484 are cyt
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFDB3FD6FFD97FD4F" box="[592,606,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">b</emphasis>
and ND4 sequences available, published in
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFBB3FD6FFA51FD4F" author="Vargas-Ramirez, M. &amp; Vences, M. &amp; Branch, W. R. &amp; Daniels, S. R. &amp; Glaw, F. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Kuchling, G. &amp; Maran, J. &amp; Papenfuss, T. J. &amp; Siroky, P. &amp; Vieites, D. R. &amp; Fritz, U." box="[1104,1432,727,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" pagination="428 - 440" refId="ref18768" refString="Vargas-Ramirez, M., Vences, M., Branch, W. R., Daniels, S. R., Glaw, F., Hofmeyr, M. D., Kuchling, G., Maran, J., Papenfuss, T. J., Siroky, P., Vieites, D. R. &amp; Fritz, U. (2010) Deep genealogical lineages in the widely distributed African helmeted terrapin: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelomedusa subrufa). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 428 - 440. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.03.019" type="journal article" year="2010">
Vargas-Ramírez
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFAE8FD61FA8DFD4F" box="[1291,1348,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
. The cyt
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFF17FD44FECBFCAA" box="[244,258,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">b</emphasis>
sequence is identical with or closely resembles those of the widely distributed South African clade. The ND4 sequence is highly distinct and identical to the ND4 sequence of another sample from the same province (MTD T 5897, Chelance,
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFE25FCFCFDA1FCE2" box="[454,616,836,861]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
), which is placed together with two other samples in the second small clade. Thus, it is evident that the distinct phylogenetic position of MTD T 5484 is an artefact caused by erroneously concatenated cyt
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFEBAFC34FEAEFC1A" box="[345,359,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">b</emphasis>
and ND4 sequences of two different terrapins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43143689F93CFFCBFF24FC08FD08FAC7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
Yet, if MTD T 5484 is disregarded, there still remain two deeply divergent clades within
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFB55FC09FAEFFC77" baseAuthorityName="Schoepff" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1206,1318,943,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFB55FC09FAEFFC77" box="[1206,1318,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">P. galeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which are unambiguous. Their average uncorrected
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFD95FC6DFD4DFC53" box="[630,644,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">p</emphasis>
distances for the 12S gene (1.79%) and the cyt
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFB5EFC6CFB02FC52" box="[1213,1227,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">b</emphasis>
gene (7.50%) are pronounced and suggest taxonomic distinctness (
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFD5FFC4FFD11FBAF" box="[700,728,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">cf.</emphasis>
<tableCitation id="0E290332F93CFFCBFD3DFC4FFCF5FBAF" box="[734,828,1015,1040]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,259,282]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Average uncorrected p distances (percentages) for a 360-bp-long alignment of the 12S gene of Pelomedusa species using the pairwise deletion option of MEGA 6.06. Between-group divergences below diagonal; within-group divergences on the diagonal in boldface. Roman numerals denote the mitochondrial lineage followed by the suggested species name; n = number of sequences." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/17D46601F932FFC5FF74FEBBFD8DFE39" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" tableUuid="17D46601F932FFC5FF74FEBBFD8DFE39">Tables 1</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation id="0E290332F93CFFCBFC90FC4FFC4AFBAF" box="[883,899,1015,1040]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,890,913]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Average uncorrected p distances (percentages) for a 674-bp-long alignment of the cyt b gene of Pelomedusa species using the pairwise deletion option of MEGA 6.06. Between-group divergences below diagonal; within-group divergences on the diagonal in boldface. Roman numerals denote the mitochondrial lineage followed by the suggested species name; n = number of sequences." pageId="11" pageNumber="534">3</tableCitation>
). The remaining small clade is represented only by two samples from the Northern and
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFDAEFBA4FD21FB8A" box="[589,744,1052,1077]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
provinces and by the
<typeStatus id="9C10882BF93CFFCBFC3EFBA4FB8AFB8A" box="[989,1091,1052,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFB8BFBA5FE87FBE7" authority="Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1835" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1835" class="Testudines" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pentonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurodira" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFB8BFBA5FAFEFB8B" box="[1128,1335,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Pentonyx capensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFADCFBA4FE87FBE7" author="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G." pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refId="ref15502" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G. (1835) Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des reptiles. Tome second. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 680 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46831" type="book" year="1835">Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, lacking an exact geographical provenance. The sequences from the Northern and
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFB1CFBF8FA55FBE7" box="[1279,1436,1087,1112]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
correspond to topotypic material of
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFDD5FBDCFC68FBC2" authority="Schoepff, 1792" authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1792" box="[566,929,1124,1149]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFDD5FBDCFD23FBC2" box="[566,746,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Testudo galeata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFD17FBDCFC68FBC2" author="Schoepff, I. D." box="[756,929,1124,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refId="ref17678" refString="Schoepff, I. D. (1792) Historia Testudinum iconibus illustrata. Ioannes Iacobus Palm, Erlangen, XII + 136 pp., 31 plates. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5109" type="book" year="1792">Schoepff, 1792</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and to the
<typeStatus id="9C10882BF93CFFCBFBCAFBDCFB42FBC2" box="[1065,1163,1124,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFB56FBDCFE6DFB1F" authority="Hewitt, 1935" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1935" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="galeata" subSpecies="devilliersi">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFB56FBDCFECEFB1F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Pelomedusa galeata devilliersi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFEF3FB3FFE6DFB1F" author="Hewitt, J." box="[272,420,1159,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" pagination="283 - 357" refId="ref16709" refString="Hewitt, J. (1935) Some new forms of batrachians and reptiles from South Africa. Records of the Albany Museum, 4, 283 - 357, plates XXVII - XXXVI." type="journal article" year="1935">Hewitt, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFE56FB3FFDBCFB1F" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Petzold, A. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Kindler, C. &amp; Campbell, P. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R." box="[437,629,1159,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" pagination="501 - 522" refId="ref16261" refString="Fritz, U., Petzold, A., Kehlmaier, C., Kindler, C., Campbell, P., Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R. (2014) Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA. Zootaxa, 3795 (5), 501 - 522 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Fritz
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFE17FB31FDE6FB1F" box="[500,559,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). The widely distributed second clade contains, besides fresh material, also sequences of the types of
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFE0CFB14FC88FB7A" authority="Gray, 1863" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1863" box="[495,833,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFE0CFB14FD75FB7B" box="[495,700,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Pelomedusa nigra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFD27FB14FC88FB7A" author="Gray, J. E." box="[708,833,1196,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" pagination="99 - 100" refId="ref16605" refString="Gray, J. E. (1863) Notice of a new species of Pelomedusa from Natal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3 (12), 99 - 100." type="journal article" year="1863">Gray, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFCB3FB14FBC1FB7A" author="Fritz, U. &amp; Petzold, A. &amp; Kehlmaier, C. &amp; Kindler, C. &amp; Campbell, P. &amp; Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R." box="[848,1032,1196,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" pagination="501 - 522" refId="ref16261" refString="Fritz, U., Petzold, A., Kehlmaier, C., Kindler, C., Campbell, P., Hofmeyr, M. D. &amp; Branch, W. R. (2014) Disentangling the Pelomedusa complex using type specimens and historical DNA. Zootaxa, 3795 (5), 501 - 522 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.5.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Fritz
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFC6DFB15FC0EFB7A" box="[910,967,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
) and of a terrapin from the
<collectingRegion id="816FF86BF93CFFCBFAA2FB14FF18FB57" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
(MTD T 10511, Groenfontein near Calitzdorp;
<tableCitation id="0E290332F93CFFCBFD04FB77FC83FB57" box="[743,842,1231,1256]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,259,282]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Average uncorrected p distances (percentages) for a 360-bp-long alignment of the 12S gene of Pelomedusa species using the pairwise deletion option of MEGA 6.06. Between-group divergences below diagonal; within-group divergences on the diagonal in boldface. Roman numerals denote the mitochondrial lineage followed by the suggested species name; n = number of sequences." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/17D46601F932FFC5FF74FEBBFD8DFE39" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" tableUuid="17D46601F932FFC5FF74FEBBFD8DFE39">Table S1</tableCitation>
). MTD T 10511 can also be considered topotypic for
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFF74FB4CFDC0FAB2" authority="Schoepff, 1792" authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1792" box="[151,521,1268,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFF74FB4CFE85FAB2" box="[151,332,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Testudo galeata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFEB5FB4CFDC0FAB2" author="Schoepff, I. D." box="[342,521,1268,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refId="ref17678" refString="Schoepff, I. D. (1792) Historia Testudinum iconibus illustrata. Ioannes Iacobus Palm, Erlangen, XII + 136 pp., 31 plates. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5109" type="book" year="1792">Schoepff, 1792</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Because topotypes of
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFCFBFB4CFB4FFAB2" authority="Schoepff, 1792" authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1792" box="[792,1158,1268,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFCFBFB4CFC04FAB2" box="[792,973,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Testudo galeata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFC3BFB4CFB4FFAB2" author="Schoepff, I. D." box="[984,1158,1268,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refId="ref17678" refString="Schoepff, I. D. (1792) Historia Testudinum iconibus illustrata. Ioannes Iacobus Palm, Erlangen, XII + 136 pp., 31 plates. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5109" type="book" year="1792">Schoepff, 1792</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
are represented in both clades, the situation is nomenclaturally intricate. Moreover, the rarity of material of the small clade does not allow a morphological assessment of the situation. Therefore, we feel it is prudent to recognize for the moment only one species from
<collectingCountry id="3BBC7619F93CFFCBFECFFAE7FE77FAC7" box="[300,446,1375,1400]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, pending further study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43143689F93CFFCBFF24FA3CFDC5F9CA" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">
Unlike
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFEC2FA3DFE51FA22" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[289,408,1412,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subrufa">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFEC2FA3DFE51FA22" box="[289,408,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">P. subrufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some northern
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFD72FA3CFCB0FA22" box="[657,889,1412,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFD72FA3CFCD3FA22" box="[657,794,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Pelomedusa</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(see below),
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFBC7FA3DFB50FA22" authorityName="Schoepff" authorityYear="1792" box="[1060,1177,1412,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFBC7FA3DFB50FA22" box="[1060,1177,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">P. galeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not parasitized by monogenean flatworms of the genus
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFDD9FA1FFC60FA7F" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="1917" box="[570,937,1447,1472]" class="Monogenea" family="Polystomatidae" genus="Polystomoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystomatidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFDD9FA1FFD14FA7F" box="[570,733,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Polystomoides</emphasis>
(Polystomatidae)
</taxonomicName>
. These flatworms are generally found in the urinary bladder, cloaca, eye cavity, nose, mouth and pharynx of terrapins (
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFC06FA74FAEDFA5A" author="Morrison, C. &amp; Du Preez, L. H." box="[997,1316,1484,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" refId="ref17262" refString="Morrison, C. &amp; Du Preez, L. H. (2011) Turtle Polystomes of the World. Neopolystoma, Polystomoidella and Polystomoides. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller, Saarbrucken, 236 pp." type="book" year="2011">Morrison &amp; Du Preez 2011</bibRefCitation>
). They are known to be site-specific, and more than one species can be found in a single host species (
<bibRefCitation id="273A4B78F93CFFCBFB71FA57FA58F9B7" author="Du Preez, L. H. &amp; Lim, L. H. S." box="[1170,1425,1519,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref15556" refString="Du Preez, L. H. &amp; Lim, L. H. S. (2000) Neopolystoma liewi sp. n. (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from the eye of the Malayan box turtle (Cuora amboinensis). Folia Parasitologica, 47, 11 - 16. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.14411 / fp. 2000.003" type="journal article" year="2000">Du Preez &amp; Lim 2000</bibRefCitation>
). However, more than 200
<taxonomicName id="84AB4D0AF93CFFCBFE29F9ACFD7DF992" baseAuthorityName="Schoepff" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[458,692,1556,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Pelomedusidae" genus="Pelomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="534" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
<emphasis id="71DFEA9BF93CFFCBFE29F9ACFD7DF992" box="[458,692,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="534">Pelomedusa galeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from localities throughout its known geographical range were screened for the presence of polystomatids but none were found (Du Preez, unpubl.), indicating that this species is not susceptible to these parasites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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