454 lines
36 KiB
XML
454 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.893.46649" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2168fd5c-8521-4a54-a427-2435f381d182" ID-PMC="PMC6901614" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-893-143" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6C81CC43F67F5698A56EFD0F21756E14" ID-PubMed="31844405" ID-ZooBank="238A20F26CFC437EB8450237B5B658A0" ModsDocID="1313-2970-893-143" checkinTime="1575325032747" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hernandez, Axel & Escoriza, Daniel" docDate="2019" docId="9B8AC4DBA27E5A23B71EAB0BA293A4A3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 893: 143-158" docOrigin="ZooKeys 893" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.893.46649" docTitle="Salamandra algira subsp. atlantica Hernandez & Escoriza, 2019, ssp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="6C81CC43F67F5698A56EFD0F21756E14" lastPageNumber="143" masterDocId="6C81CC43F67F5698A56EFD0F21756E14" masterDocTitle="A new subspecies of African fire salamander Salamandra algira (Urodela, Salamandridae) from the Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="143" updateTime="1668168156963" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new subspecies of African fire salamander Salamandra algira (Urodela, Salamandridae) from the Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hernandez, Axel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Escoriza, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>893</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>143</mods:start>
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<mods:end>158</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.893.46649</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.893.46649</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-893-143</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">238A20F26CFC437EB8450237B5B658A0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6C81CC43F67F5698A56EFD0F21756E14</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160612122" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9B8AC4DBA27E5A23B71EAB0BA293A4A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B8AC4DBA27E5A23B71EAB0BA293A4A3" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<taxonomicName LSID="9B8AC4DB-A27E-5A23-B71E-AB0BA293A4A3" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="atlantica">Salamandra algira atlantica</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="143">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov. (MNCN 50499) in life. Photograph by Daniel Escoriza." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361362" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure2">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Variation in the colouration pattern of Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov.: A adult male from Jbel Sidi Ali, Midelt Province B adult female from Grotte de Chaara, Taza Province C, D adult males from Grotte de Chaara. Photographs by Axel Hernandez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361363" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure3">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov. Photograph by Daniel Escoriza." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361364" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure4">4 Atlas fire salamander</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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MNCN 50499 (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov. (MNCN 50499) in life. Photograph by Daniel Escoriza." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361362" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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), an adult male preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol from Jbel Tazekka, Taza Province, Middle Atlas Mountains, northern Morocco (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34.15" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="34.15">34.15N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.00" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-4.0">4.00W</geoCoordinate>
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) at 810 m a.s.l collected on 25 March 2013 by Daniel Escoriza.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361362" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="atlantica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira atlantica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ssp. nov. (MNCN 50499) in life. Photograph by Daniel Escoriza.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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MZB 2010-0128 and MZB 2010-0129, two adult males preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol collected in the Jbel Tazekka, Taza Province, Middle Atlas Mountains, northern Morocco in December 2009 by Daniel Escoriza and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Félix">Felix</normalizedToken>
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Amat.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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The new taxon is named after the word '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Atlas</emphasis>
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' from Greek
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aτλας">Aτλας</normalizedToken>
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in reference to the Atlas Mountains (Morocco), where this subspecies is found.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="english name">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">English name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Atlas fire salamander.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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A large subspecies of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. algira" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="algira">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">S. algira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a maximum total length of 246.21 mm. Distinguished from the other subspecies by the following combination of characters (Table
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<tableCitation captionStartId="T2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D7F867C8F3F27C8F5EC2592113D98AFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableUuid="D7F867C8F3F27C8F5EC2592113D98AFC">2</tableCitation>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="D7F867C8F3F27C8F5EC2592113D98AFC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D7F867C8F3F27C8F5EC2592113D98AFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Table 2.</emphasis>
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Identification key to
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="algira">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subspecies.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<table pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">-</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="algira">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira algira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="spelaea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira spelaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="tingitana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira tingitana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="splendens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira splendens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="atlantica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira atlantica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ssp. nov.
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Total length (in mm)</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">131-192 ♂ 129-255 ♀</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">177-194 ♂ 206-236 ♀</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">151-170 ♂ 140-192 ♀</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">140-178 ♂ 161-261 ♀</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">125-246 ♂ 133-205 ♀</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Background colouration</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Grey-black</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Grey-black</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Grey-black</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Grey-black or coral red</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Grey-black or coral red</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Number of dorsal yellow blotches</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">3-10</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">3-10</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">0-7</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">2-7</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">0-7</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Red spots</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Usually small</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Small</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Small to large</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Small to full</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">White spots on flanks</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Present</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Present</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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Background dorsal pattern variates from full grey-black to full coral red, being the only subspecies of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. algira" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="algira">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">S. algira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in which the coral red can exceed the proportion of grey-black.
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="algira">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira algira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. algira" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="spelaea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">S. algira spelaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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usually show only few and little red colouration, mostly around yellow blotches on the dorsum of head, limbs and tail and gular region.
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="tingitana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira tingitana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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typically lacks red colouration.
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="splendens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira splendens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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never shows full red background colouration, being mainly limited to the edges of the yellow blotches, on the dorsum of the head, limbs, tail and gular region.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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Variable number (0-7, usually 2-4) of yellow to golden yellow dorsal blotches, but in lower numbers than the eastern subspecies (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. algira" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="algira">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">S. algira algira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. algira" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="spelaea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">S. algira spelaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 3-10).
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="tingitana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira tingitana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be completely black or with numerous fragmented little yellow spots or with few large blotches in an arrangement similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. algira" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="atlantica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">S. algira atlantica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ssp. nov.
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="splendens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira splendens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a similar number of yellow blotches than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. algira" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="atlantica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">S. algira atlantica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ssp. nov., but these can be more irregular in their shape in the former. Moreover in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. algira" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="atlantica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">S. algira atlantica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov. dorsal yellow blotches can fade progressively into white, composing a pattern that does not appear in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. algira" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">S. algira splendens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Variation in the colouration pattern of Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov.: A adult male from Jbel Sidi Ali, Midelt Province B adult female from Grotte de Chaara, Taza Province C, D adult males from Grotte de Chaara. Photographs by Axel Hernandez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361363" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure3">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
|
||
Absence of white spots in the flanks of the body, which appear in the nominotypic subspecies and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. algira" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="spelaea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">S. algira spelaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361363" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in the colouration pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="atlantica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira atlantica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov.:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">A</emphasis>
|
||
adult male from Jbel Sidi Ali, Midelt Province
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">B</emphasis>
|
||
adult female from Grotte de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chaâra">Chaara</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Taza Province
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
adult males from Grotte de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chaâra">Chaara</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Photographs by Axel Hernandez.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Snout rounded in a dorsal aspect and in lateral profile. Head large and well differentiated from the body. Nostrils oriented dorsolaterally, situated close to the snout tip. Large-sized parotoids, elongatedly ovoid, slightly divergent anteriorly, showing contrasted glandular pores. Prominent eyes situated laterally, with barely visible vertical oval pupils. Gular fold present. Costal grooves 10. Fingers short and slightly rounded, with a relative length I <IV <II <III. Toes slightly rounded, with a relative length I <V <II <III <IV. Cloaca ovoid. Subcylindrical tail, ended in a blunt tip. Dorsal skin weakly granular. Two pairs of glandular pores disposed in parallel, along the vertebral axis.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="colour of holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Colour of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">In life the background dorsal colouration is black with four elongated golden yellow spots. In the head appear two golden yellow spots on the orbits and two on the parotoids. Four yellow spots at the base of the limbs and five on the dorsum of the tail. Two yellow spots in lateral parts of the body, close to the insertion of the hindlimbs. One small yellow spot showing red colouration in lateral part of the head, located posterior and ventral to the orbit. Uniform greyish black ventral colouration. Eyes dark brown, almost black.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Measurements of holotype (in mm).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">TL 175.19 mm, SVL 99.16 mm, HL 20.82 mm, PAL 9.89 mm, HW 14.57 mm, IOR 6.17 mm, ED 5.05, END 4.81 mm, LHU 8.01 mm, FAL 11.52 mm, HAL 13.07 mm, THL 6.53 mm, TIL 11.93 mm, FL 14.8 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
|
||
There are intraspecific population variations regarding colouration pattern in adult specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Variation in the colouration pattern of Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov.: A adult male from Jbel Sidi Ali, Midelt Province B adult female from Grotte de Chaara, Taza Province C, D adult males from Grotte de Chaara. Photographs by Axel Hernandez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361363" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Within the same population, yellow spots on the dorsum of the head can be divided into four semisymmetric spots on the parotoids and the eyes (21.05% specimens) or they can be merged unilaterally (42.11% specimens) or bilaterally (36.84% specimens). The coral red colour can be limited to a thin colouration on the edge of the yellow spots or be the dominant background colour (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Variation in the colouration pattern of Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov.: A adult male from Jbel Sidi Ali, Midelt Province B adult female from Grotte de Chaara, Taza Province C, D adult males from Grotte de Chaara. Photographs by Axel Hernandez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361363" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The specimens can show a completely black ventral region, or show some reddish colouration in the throat and / or the cloaca region. More rarely, they can show small white spots in the gular region (10.53% specimens). The only known specimen from the southernmost population (Sidi Ali) showed a predominantly black dorsal colouration, with five small yellow patches in the dorsum and seven on the tail (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Variation in the colouration pattern of Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov.: A adult male from Jbel Sidi Ali, Midelt Province B adult female from Grotte de Chaara, Taza Province C, D adult males from Grotte de Chaara. Photographs by Axel Hernandez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361363" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The size (TL) of adults ranges from 125.93-246.21 mm in males (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 15, mean = 190.65 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
7.74 standard error, SE) and 133.43-205.81 mm in females (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4, mean = 171.54 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
16.67 SE). The differences in TL between both sexes were not significant (Mann-Whitney U test:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">U</emphasis>
|
||
= 23, P = 0.484). Males mean SVL 93.71 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.82 SE, HL 21.57 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.76, PAL 12.81 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.53, HW 15.87 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.45, IOR 6.73 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.25, ED 4.04 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12, END 4.69 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.14, LHU 7.81 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.32, FAL 9.57 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.36, HAL 12.18 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.56, THL 7.49 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.31, TIL 10.26 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.38, FL 15.34 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.59. Females mean SVL 90.72 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
8.33 SE, HL 20.18 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.90, PAL 12.82 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.11, HW 16.28 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.33, IOR 7.33 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.57, ED 3.71
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.18, END 3.95 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.39, LHU 7.28 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.67, FAL 8.40 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.86, HAL 11.73 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.27, THL 7.36 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.06, TIL 9.64 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.10, FL 15.15 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.69. Males have an ovoid-shaped cloaca during the breeding season and females a flat cloaca. Larvae are characterised by having the following morphological characters: Head depressed, with relatively large eyes situated laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov. Photograph by Daniel Escoriza." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361364" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Snout rounded and semi-circular. Gills with three short rami and numerous fimbriae. Four fingers and five toes, narrow and pointed. Ten or eleven costal grooves. Tail equal in length to SVL or slightly smaller. Tail fin short, originating anterior to the pelvic girdle, ended in a bluntly pointed tip. Colour uniformly dark brown with a distinct pale spot at the base of the four limbs. The colouration varies according to the development and the terminal phases show diffuse yellow spots on the head and dorsum. SVL 29.0 mm, TAL 23.9 mm, HL 10.8, HW 6.2, TL 52.9 mm, MTH 5.6 mm (Taza, Morocco).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361364" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="atlantica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira atlantica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov. Photograph by Daniel Escoriza.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="atlantica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira atlantica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov. is endemic to the northern and central Middle Atlas Mountains, northern Morocco: Tazekka National Park, Bou Iblane Massif and Jbel Sidi Ali (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Map showing the distribution of the subspecies of Salamandra algira (red circles) and the localities included in the phylogenetic analyses (yellow crosses) in northern Morocco and Algeria." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361366" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
|
||
The new subspecies is found from 600-2455 m a.s.l. near springs and streams in humid mesothermal forests of conifers (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies pinsapo" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinsapo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Abies pinsapo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cedrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cedrus atlantica" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atlantica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Cedrus atlantica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus halepensis" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halepensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Pinus halepensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and oaks (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus ilex" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Q. canariensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="canariensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Q. canariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Q. suber" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" rank="species" species="suber">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Q. suber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A Habitat of Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov. at the type locality, Taza Province, Middle Atlas Mountains, northern Morocco B Cave habitat at Grotte de Chaara. Photographs by Axel Hernandez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361367" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure6">Fig. 6 A</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are also troglophile populations at Grotte de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chaâra">Chaara</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Grotte
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Izora">d'Izora</normalizedToken>
|
||
. and Gouffre du Friouato which reproduce inside the caves at 400 m from the entrance (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A Habitat of Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov. at the type locality, Taza Province, Middle Atlas Mountains, northern Morocco B Cave habitat at Grotte de Chaara. Photographs by Axel Hernandez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361367" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure6">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is a crepuscular and nocturnal species having a surface activity from autumn to spring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361366" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the distribution of the subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="algira">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red circles) and the localities included in the phylogenetic analyses (yellow crosses) in northern Morocco and Algeria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.893.46649.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361367" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">A</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra algira" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="atlantica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Salamandra algira atlantica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov.at the type locality, Taza Province, Middle Atlas Mountains, northern Morocco
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">B</emphasis>
|
||
Cave habitat at Grotte de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chaâra">Chaara</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Photographs by Axel Hernandez.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |