treatments-xml/data/4B/86/3D/4B863D2BCB32078F028D41FBF22C4E65.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1943" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70d04eb5-db72-474d-b333-68c2d92f9ebb" ID-PMC="PMC3286263" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-147-337" ID-PubMed="22371668" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-147-337" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 147" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the Pterostichini and Loxandrini fauna of New Caledonia (Coleoptera, Carabidae)" checkinTime="1451249661424" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Will, Kipling W." docDate="2011" docId="4B863D2BCB32078F028D41FBF22C4E65" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 147: 337-397" docOrigin="ZooKeys 147" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1943" docTitle="Sphodrosomus Perroud, in Perroud and Montrouzier 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="359" masterDocId="FFEDFFD8F742FF92F21FFFBDFFB13A31" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the Pterostichini and Loxandrini fauna of New Caledonia (Coleoptera, Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="397" masterPageNumber="337" pageNumber="358" updateTime="1668152669703" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic review of the Pterostichini and Loxandrini fauna of New Caledonia (Coleoptera, Carabidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Will, Kipling W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>147</mods:number>
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<mods:start>337</mods:start>
<mods:end>397</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1943</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1943</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-147-337</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032030" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B863D2BCB32078F028D41FBF22C4E65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B863D2BCB32078F028D41FBF22C4E65" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="359" pageId="21" pageNumber="358">
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="358" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="358">
Genus 
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sphodrosomus" authority="Perroud, in Perroud and Montrouzier, 1864: 58" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphodrosomus Perroud, in Perroud and Montrouzier, 1864:58</taxonomicName>
Figs 374243B
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="359" pageId="21" pageNumber="358" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="358">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="359" pageId="21" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus saisseti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saisseti">Sphodrosomus saisseti</taxonomicName>
Perroud and Montrouzier 1864, by monotypy
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="359" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="359" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
Head. Clypeo-ocular sulci long, straight, very broadly and very shallowly impressed; mentum emarginate, sides slightly divergent, paramedial pits absent; median tooth bifid; paraglossae small, without elongate setae at apex; ligular sclerite with two or four seta on apical margin; maxillary palpifer with one basal seta; antennae filiform, with three basal segments glabrous. Thorax. Pronotum cordiform, margins sinuate basad, two marginal setae; pro-, meso- and metasterna glabrous; proepisternum smooth; elytra fused, border at base, nine well impressed striae, with or without very short tenth stria at level of plica, apicolateral plica large and visible, parascutellar stria short, impressed, not connected to stria 1, angular base of stria 1 well impressed, parascutellar punctures absent or if present minute and present at base of stria 2, no discal punctures, interval 7 equally convex as other intervals or slightly raised near base, odd numbered intervals slightly raised and more convex or equal, all intervals becoming flatter apicad; hind wing reduced; anterior tarsi of male with three basal segments expanded and squamose beneath in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Setalidius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Setalidius griseolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseolum">Setalidius griseolum</taxonomicName>
, segments not expanded without ventral setae in other species, all tarsi dorsally glabrous. Abdomen. Ventrites 3-6 without sulci; aedeagus (Figs 38, 41) ostium dorsal, median lobe oriented left side up in repose; parameres very attenuate with long apex, nearly of equal length; female reproductive tract (Figs 39, 42) with prominent dorsolateral bursal lobe, elongate spermatheca attached apically on lobe, accessory gland attached to bursa at base of lobe, without spermathecal duct digital diverticulum, without spermathecal gland duct diverticulum.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
Figure 37. Habitus image, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus saisseti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saisseti">Sphodrosomus saisseti</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
Figure 38. Male aedeagus of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus saisseti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saisseti">Sphodrosomus saisseti</taxonomicName>
A right lateral view B right paramere C left paramere.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
Figure 39. Female reproductive tract, ventral view. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus saisseti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saisseti">Sphodrosomus saisseti</taxonomicName>
, bc. bursa copulatrix, co. common oviduct, dl. dorsal lobe of the bursa, sg. spermatheca gland, sp. spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
Figure 40. Habitus image, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus griseolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseolum">Sphodrosomus griseolum</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
Figure 41. Male aedeagus of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus griseolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseolum">Sphodrosomus griseolum</taxonomicName>
A right lateral view B right paramere C left paramere.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
Figure 42. Female reproductive tract, ventral view. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus griseolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseolum">Sphodrosomus griseolum</taxonomicName>
, bc. bursa copulatrix, co. common oviduct, dl. dorsal lobe of the bursa, sg. spermatheca gland, sp. spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
Figure 43. Left lateral view of metathorax showing A elongate metepisternum in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platycaelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycaelus melliei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melliei">Platycaelus melliei</taxonomicName>
B short metepisternum in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus saisseti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saisseti">Sphodrosomus saisseti</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="359" type="exemplars of species examined">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">Exemplars of species examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
See treatment by Will (2006) for 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Setalidius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Setalidius saisseti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saisseti">Setalidius saisseti</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Setalidius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Setalidius monteithi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monteithi">Setalidius monteithi</taxonomicName>
. I examined four specimens in the Fauvel collection in IRSNB initially thought to be possible syntypes of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Homalosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homalosoma griseolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseolum">Homalosoma griseolum</taxonomicName>
Fauvel. The specimens are consistent with the morphological attributes as in the original description. However, in the original description Fauvel stated that the single specimen was from &quot;Ile des Pins (Bougier)&quot; a unique from the &quot;Collection Gambey.&quot; Subsequently, 
<bibRefCitation author="Fauvel, A" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Entomologie" pageId="26" pageNumber="363" pagination="203 - 378" title="Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie." volume="22" year="1903">Fauvel (1903)</bibRefCitation>
published additional records for this species and noted those specimens were &quot;Deux exemplaires, dont un dans la collection 
<normalizedToken originalValue="François”">Francois&quot;</normalizedToken>
. The four IRSNB specimens appear to have been identified by Fauvel and are labeled with Ile des Pins. However the last line of the label includes 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“f.Faustien”">&quot;f.Faustien&quot;</normalizedToken>
, which is a piece of information not noted in either of those publication by Fauvel. In a corrigenda and addendum by 
<bibRefCitation author="Fauvel, A" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Entomologie" pageId="26" pageNumber="363" pagination="203 - 378" title="Faune analytique des Coleopteres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie." volume="22" year="1903">Fauvel (1903)</bibRefCitation>
he added &quot;Le 
<normalizedToken originalValue="frère">frere</normalizedToken>
Faustien a recueilli 
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’île">l'ile</normalizedToken>
des Pins une collection importante, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="aujourd’hui">aujourd'hui</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="réunie">reunie</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
la mienne par 
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’acquisition">l'acquisition</normalizedToken>
de la collection Hustache.&quot; Based on this, the specimens I had available for study would have been added to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fauvel’s">Fauvel's</normalizedToken>
collection long after he described 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Homalosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homalosoma griseolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseolum">Homalosoma griseolum</taxonomicName>
in 1882. The whereabouts of the holotype is unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="359" type="generic distribution">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">Generic distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">New Caledonian precinctive.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="359" type="new caladonian species">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">New Caladonian species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus saisseti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saisseti">Sphodrosomus saisseti</taxonomicName>
Perroud and Montrouzier 1864 [type MNHN!]
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus monteithi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monteithi">Sphodrosomus monteithi</taxonomicName>
Will 2006 [type MNHN!]
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus griseolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseolum">Sphodrosomus griseolum</taxonomicName>
(Fauvel 1882) new combination [type not found]
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
= 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Homalosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homalosoma griseolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseolum">Homalosoma griseolum</taxonomicName>
Fauvel 1882
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="359" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="359">
The placement of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Setalidius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Setalidius griseolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseolum">Setalidius griseolum</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sphodrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphodrosomus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphodrosomus</taxonomicName>
is primarily supported by shared features of the male genitalia and female reproductive tract (Figs 38-39, 41-42). The genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Homalosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homalosoma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Homalosoma</taxonomicName>
is part of the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trichosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichosternus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trichosternus</taxonomicName>
series of 
<bibRefCitation author="Moore, BP" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="26" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 32" title="Studies on Australian Carabidae (coleoptera) 4. - The Pterostichinae." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1965.tb00042.x" volume="117" year="1965">Moore (1965)</bibRefCitation>
and those taxa have a distinct set of characteristics that have not been found in any New Caledonian carabids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>