259 lines
30 KiB
XML
259 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="78EC6EDC16579C353F9DD34CE2A010B7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1231.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5065038" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625283728001" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gershwin, Lisa-Ann" docDate="2006" docId="03DF8799FFCE4B38A93979A1FC71FA53" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01231p042.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1231 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1231.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Chiropsalmus zygonema Haeckel 1880" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFE6FFE1FFC44B33A8317B68FF94FFD8" masterDocTitle="Comments on Chiropsalmus (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida): a preliminary revision of the Chiropsalmidae, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698986380288" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8816029032FA7F73C27CB1A875990039">Comments on Chiropsalmus (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida): a preliminary revision of the Chiropsalmidae, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B4944D1DB2BB374151838D8EF7B43539">Gershwin, Lisa-Ann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BD38A06A8961D4C80CCAD08B574F91DC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7117B8FF4CDFAF1B4D25C3258966A2BA">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9A9F2C780BFDE1E4631E18954F417B7F">2006-06-12</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DF8799FFCE4B38A93979A1FC71FA53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5067008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5067008" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF8799FFCE4B38A93979A1FC71FA53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF8799FFCE4B38A93979A1FC71FA53" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C36C6504FFCE4B39A93979A1FDB8FCDE" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCE4B39A93979A1FD72FD3B" blockId="10.[264,742,713,774]" box="[264,742,713,739]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D08181E3FFCE4B39A93979A1FD72FD3B" bold="true" box="[264,742,713,739]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCE4B39A93979A1FD72FD3B" authority="Haeckel, 1880" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[264,742,713,739]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zygonema">
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<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39A93979A1FD72FD3B" bold="true" box="[264,742,713,739]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39A93979A1FDA5FD3B" bold="true" box="[264,561,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chiropsalmus zygonema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B7EFFCE4B39AA0879A1FD72FD3B" author="Haeckel, E." box="[569,742,713,739]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="361 - 672" refId="ref18098" refString="Haeckel, E. (1880) System der Acraspeden. Zweite Halfte des System der Medusen. G. Fischer, Jena, 361 - 672, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1880">Haeckel, 1880</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCE4B39A9397984FDB8FCDE" blockId="10.[264,742,713,774]" box="[264,556,748,774]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">No figure ever published</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C6504FFCE4B39A939785AFB81FC50" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCE4B39A939785AFB81FC50" blockId="10.[264,1323,817,904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6611A1FFCE4B39A939785AFB81FC50" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD7109EFFCE4B39A939785AFD78FC90" author="Haeckel, E." box="[264,748,817,841]" page="641" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1880">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCE4B39A939785AFD78FC90" authority="Haeckel, 1880: 641" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="641" authorityYear="1880" box="[264,748,817,841]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zygonema" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39A939785AFD9BFC91" box="[264,527,818,841]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chiropsalmus zygonema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B7EFFCE4B39AA267859FD78FC90" author="Haeckel, E." box="[535,748,817,840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="361 - 672" refId="ref18098" refString="Haeckel, E. (1880) System der Acraspeden. Zweite Halfte des System der Medusen. G. Fischer, Jena, 361 - 672, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1880">Haeckel, 1880: 641</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157E6FFCE4B39AAC97859FCA7FC90" box="[760,819,817,840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD7109EFFCE4B39AB677859FB8CFC90" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[854,1048,817,840]" page="517" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B7EFFCE4B39AB677859FB8CFC90" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[854,1048,817,840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="499 - 735" refId="ref19030" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the World. Vol. 3, The Scyphomedusae. Carnegie Institution, Washington, D. C., 499 - 735 pp." type="book chapter" year="1910">Mayer, 1910: 517</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD7109EFFCE4B39AC0E7859FA9BFC90" author="Thiel, M. E." box="[1087,1295,817,840]" page="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B7EFFCE4B39AC0E7859FA9BFC90" author="Thiel, M. E." box="[1087,1295,817,840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref20646" refString="Thiel, M. E. (1928) Die Scyphomedusen des Zoolgischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums in Hamburg. 1. Cubomedusae, Stauromedusae und Coronatae. Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Museum in Hamburg Mitteilungen, 43, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1928">Thiel, 1928: 15–16</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; = juvenile
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCE4B39A9A4783AFDA1FCB1" authorityName="Gershwin" authorityYear="2006" box="[405,565,850,873]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
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<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39A9A4783AFDA1FCB1" box="[405,565,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. quadrigatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD7109EFFCE4B39AA6F7839FCD4FCB0" author="Southcott, R. V." box="[606,832,849,872]" page="277" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B7EFFCE4B39AA6F7839FCD4FCB0" author="Southcott, R. V." box="[606,832,849,872]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="254 - 280" refId="ref20282" refString="Southcott, R. V. (1956) Studies on Australian cubomedusae, including a new genus and species apparently harmful to man. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 7, 254 - 280." type="journal article" year="1956">Southcott, 1956: 277</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; probably immature. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD7109EFFCE4B39AC717839FA91FCB0" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[1088,1285,849,872]" page="310" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B7EFFCE4B39AC717839FA91FCB0" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[1088,1285,849,872]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref18665" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp, 1961: 310</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD7109EFFCE4B39A9097819FDDDFC50" author="Gershwin, L." box="[312,585,881,904]" page="124" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B7EFFCE4B39A9097819FDDDFC50" author="Gershwin, L." box="[312,585,881,904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref17801" refString="Gershwin, L. (2005). Taxonomy and phylogeny of Australian Cubozoa. (James Cook University: Townsville, Queensland). PhD thesis. 221 pp., 49 plates." type="book" year="2005">Gershwin, 2005: 124125</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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and throughout; taxonomy and phylogeny.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36C6504FFCE4B38A93978D9FC71FA53" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCE4B39A93978D9FCE3FC36" blockId="10.[264,887,945,1006]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1E3CD2FFCE4B39A93978D9FCE7FC36" country="Argentina" location="South Atlantic Ocean" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39A93978D9FE0AFC12" box="[264,414,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<typeStatus id="54CD882DFFCE4B39A93978D9FEABFC12" box="[264,319,945,970]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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||
<location id="8EA96054FFCE4B39A90978BCFDA3FC36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF8799FFCE4B38A93979A1FC71FA53:8EA96054FFCE4B39A90978BCFDA3FC36" box="[312,567,980,1006]" country="Argentina" name="South Atlantic Ocean" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">South Atlantic Ocean</location>
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, off the coast of
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<collectingCountry id="F361761FFFCE4B39AACA78BCFCE7FC36" box="[763,883,980,1006]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCE4B39A9397F71FD5FFB83" blockId="10.[264,715,1049,1115]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39A9397F71FE72FBEA" box="[264,486,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined</emphasis>
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No
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<typeStatus id="54CD882DFFCE4B39A9527F29FE35FB83" box="[355,417,1089,1115]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">types</typeStatus>
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or other material known.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCE4B39A9397FE4FEEBFB7D" blockId="10.[264,1325,1164,1270]" box="[264,383,1164,1189]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39A9397FE4FEEBFB7D" box="[264,383,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCE4B39A9097FDCFCCFFB2E" blockId="10.[264,1325,1164,1270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Body to about
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<quantity id="4C8E9B6AFFCE4B39A9CA7FDCFDD1FB16" box="[507,581,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="60.0">60mm</quantity>
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BH,
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<quantity id="4C8E9B6AFFCE4B39AAA27FDCFD4AFB16" box="[659,734,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="40.0">40mm</quantity>
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BD; with two asymmetrical tentacles on each pedalium; fingerlike gastric saccules rudimentary.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCE4B39A9397E4FFBD7FAB0" blockId="10.[264,1323,1319,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39A9397E4FFBD7FAB0" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Description (electronically translated from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B7EFFCE4B39AB227E4FFC57FA98" author="Haeckel, E." box="[787,963,1319,1344]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="361 - 672" refId="ref18098" refString="Haeckel, E. (1880) System der Acraspeden. Zweite Halfte des System der Medusen. G. Fischer, Jena, 361 - 672, 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1880">Haeckel, 1880</bibRefCitation>
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, with as much of the original terminology as possible in order to minimize erroneous interpretation)
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCE4B39A9097E1FFE25F959" blockId="10.[264,1323,1319,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">SpeciesDiagnose: Umbrella foursidedpyramidal, vaulted above, with inclusion of the hanging velarium 1 1/2 times as high as wide. Mouthtube small, fourlipped, half so long as the roundish stomachsack whose 4 interradial sidewalls carry arched phacellae. The two gastric saccules about the umbralwall of each radialpocket, close to the entrance, oval, very small. Four pedalia pageform, twoedged, asymmetrically arranged, approximately 1/3 as long as the umbrellaheight, each with 2 short jelly fingers. In total 8 long tentacles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCE4B39A9097DE7FA97F8A9" blockId="10.[264,1323,1319,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Specielle description:
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCE4B39AA0C7DE7FCCAF970" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[573,862,1679,1704]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zygonema">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39AA0C7DE7FCCAF970" box="[573,862,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chiropsalmus zygonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
is interesting as the simplest under the
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCE4B39A9397DDFFE25F909" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[264,433,1719,1745]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Chirodropidae</taxonomicName>
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||
until now examined, which directly joins this Subfamily with the
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCE4B39A9397DB7FE1AF921" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[264,398,1759,1785]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Tamoyidae</taxonomicName>
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||
. In total, this
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<typeStatus id="54CD882DFFCE4B39AA1F7DB7FDF4F921" box="[558,608,1759,1785]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
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||
resembles more of a
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCE4B39AB6E7DB7FC2FF920" authorityName="Mueller" authorityYear="1859" box="[863,955,1759,1784]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Tamoya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39AB6E7DB7FC2FF920" box="[863,955,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tamoya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than a
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCE4B39AC237DB7FB21F920" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1042,1205,1759,1784]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39AC237DB7FB21F920" box="[1042,1205,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chiropsalmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but must be put more to the last genus however, since each pedalium carries 2 tentacles. Indeed this condition also occurs as individual variation with the 4tentacled
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCE4B39AC0E7C47FABEF890" authorityName="F.Muller" authorityYear="1859" box="[1087,1322,1839,1864]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Tamoya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="haplonema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39AC0E7C47FABEF890" box="[1087,1322,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tamoya haplonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
however (P. 443). Velarium and gonads is similarly like with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCE4B39ABE77C3FFB0DF8A8" box="[982,1177,1879,1904]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrumanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCE4B39ABE77C3FFB0DF8A8" box="[982,1177,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. quadrumanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(P. 447).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCF4B38A9097A74FC55FEEE" blockId="11.[312,1181,284,350]" box="[312,961,284,310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Size: Umbrellawidth
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B6AFFCF4B38AA0D7A74FD00FEEE" box="[572,660,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
., umbrellaheight
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B6AFFCF4B38AB567A74FC28FEEE" box="[871,956,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCF4B38A9097A2CFB09FE86" blockId="11.[312,1181,284,350]" box="[312,1181,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Place of discovery: South Atlantic Ocean, at the Argentinian coast, Smith.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCF4B38A9397AE1FEFAFE7A" blockId="11.[264,1323,393,1419]" box="[264,366,393,418]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38A9397AE1FEFAFE7A" box="[264,366,393,418]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCF4B38A9097AD9FB83FD3B" blockId="11.[264,1323,393,1419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B7EFFCF4B38A9097AD9FE5FFE13" author="Thiel, M. E." box="[312,459,433,459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref20646" refString="Thiel, M. E. (1928) Die Scyphomedusen des Zoolgischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums in Hamburg. 1. Cubomedusae, Stauromedusae und Coronatae. Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Museum in Hamburg Mitteilungen, 43, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1928">Thiel (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
came to a most curious conclusion about this species, believing it to be an immature
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38A9B17AB1FD23FE2A" authorityName="Gershwin" authorityYear="2006" box="[384,695,473,498]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38A9B17AB1FD23FE2A" box="[384,695,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chiropsalmus quadrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even though
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AB6C7AB1FC61FE2A" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[861,1013,473,498]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zygonema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AB6C7AB1FC61FE2A" box="[861,1013,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. zygonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with apparently immature characters is larger than the comparable specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AB4F7969FBBAFDC2" authorityName="Gershwin" authorityYear="2006" box="[894,1070,513,538]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AB4F7969FBBAFDC2" box="[894,1070,513,538]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. quadrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One might logically expect a progressive pattern of development among conspecifics. Thiel also noted that the two species are widely separated geographically, but dismissed it by stating that many cubozoans have wide distributions. In fact, many of the previously assumed widespread species are proving to be comprised of numerous distinct species, and at least in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361761FFFCF4B38AC8979C9FAB3FD63" box="[1208,1319,673,699]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, chirodropid and chiropsalmid species have very tight distributions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCF4B38A9097999FB09FC23" blockId="11.[264,1323,393,1419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Based on distribution,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AA707999FC91FCD2" box="[577,773,753,778]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrumanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AA707999FC91FCD2" box="[577,773,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. quadrumanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would have been a better assumption, because at least
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38A95B7871FDA6FCEA" box="[362,562,793,818]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrumanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38A95B7871FDA6FCEA" box="[362,562,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. quadrumanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AA457871FC9BFCEA" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[628,783,793,818]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zygonema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AA457871FC9BFCEA" box="[628,783,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. zygonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from the same ocean (Atlantic). However, an ideal method of identification would have been based on structural characters, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38A9F57801FDC9FC5A" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[452,605,873,898]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zygonema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38A9F57801FDC9FC5A" box="[452,605,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. zygonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with bladelike pedalia would not have been attributable to any other species. Furthermore, with two fingers and tentacles, it would not have seemed similar to other species, which typically have 4–6 at a similar size (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AC9078D1FECBFC22" authority="Gershwin, 2006" authorityName="Gershwin" authorityYear="2006" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bronzie" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AC9078D1FECBFC22" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chiropsella bronzie</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157E6FFCF4B38A9577889FD82FC23" box="[358,534,993,1019]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see below) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AAEF7889FC3DFC22" authorityName="Southcott" authorityYear="1956" box="[734,937,993,1018]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AAEF7889FC3DFC22" box="[734,937,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unpublished notes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC9368FFFCF4B38A9097F61FC71FA53" blockId="11.[264,1323,393,1419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
I am provisionally keeping
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AA4B7F61FC86FBFA" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[634,786,1033,1058]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zygonema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AA4B7F61FC86FBFA" box="[634,786,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. zygonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the restricted genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AC127F61FB52FBFA" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1059,1222,1033,1058]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AC127F61FB52FBFA" box="[1059,1222,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chiropsalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because I suspect that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38A9867F59FDB7FB92" authority="Gershwin, 2006" authorityName="Gershwin" authorityYear="2006" box="[439,547,1073,1098]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alipes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38A9867F59FDB7FB92" box="[439,547,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. alipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157E6FFCF4B38AA1E7F59FDE6FB93" box="[559,626,1073,1099]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(described below) may hold the key to its identity. This peculiar form from the Pacific coast of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361761FFFCF4B38ABB97F31FC75FBAB" box="[904,993,1113,1139]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
is small at maturity, has exumbrellar warts like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AA167FE9FD7BFB42" box="[551,751,1153,1178]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrumanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AA167FE9FD7BFB42" box="[551,751,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. quadrumanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and has very peculiar carybdeidlike pedalia, such as those described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AA7A7FC1FD77FB1A" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[587,739,1193,1218]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zygonema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AA7A7FC1FD77FB1A" box="[587,739,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. zygonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Whether the Mexican form and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AC597FC1FB6BFB1A" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[1128,1279,1193,1218]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zygonema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AC597FC1FB6BFB1A" box="[1128,1279,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. zygonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are identical will probably never be known, because there is no known
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD882DFFCF4B38AC757FB9FBE2FB33" box="[1092,1142,1233,1259]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D0CFFCF4B38AD217FB9FEE9FACA" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zygonema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EA9DFFCF4B38AD217FB9FEE9FACA" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. zygonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Haeckel left no drawings and only a very brief description. I think the most stable course of action is to regard this species as provisionally valid, but to recognize that it is currently represented by an unrecognizable juvenile form, and thus needs to be redescribed based on an adult form from near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD882DFFCF4B38AB7F7E19FC14FA53" box="[846,896,1393,1419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |