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<document id="98FAE90D8E549E67970958390461EF74" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13244319" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244319" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722969980437" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hou, Zhong-E &amp; Li, Shuqiang" docDate="2004" docId="03CC6E5EFF92576453A2C4FCFAB4E08B" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.52.1.147-170.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F.5:RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleId="19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Gammarus frigidus Hou &amp; Li, 2004, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="154" masterDocId="FFF51626FF9357635358C171FFD2E053" masterDocTitle="Gammarus Species From Tibet Plateau, China (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae)" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="148" updateTime="1722974508621" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="D46CD7E53A4592F7D3BDAE2A888149EF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="6C4AE87DFC8683FC9DC40075F25DB1EF">
<mods:title id="7A7CA4C8BF1C9FA60525DF901705B9DC">Gammarus Species From Tibet Plateau, China (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="03969715D546A478CC3788D335C44AFD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B03152D17D7FE4E4D4D0CC7772369BDF">
<mods:roleTerm id="93D2F19BF803476017FF8747324648F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2A5EAD51BE5914C19071F96C10B782B2">Hou, Zhong-E</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0571EB0ED25D23BB940462C0E2DA95FA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BB33DE348DCB15DD752C1489A68E4C5D">
<mods:roleTerm id="8871E5EFD561E770E92697980BBAC39B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C011EAE714F608F49C259D1DB2CE648E">Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="92374DF9F430964090EE2FB528069321">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="EDA36C2D45B404776592018419728A43" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="3E2757514CFDCD495B3EC35B440A97CA">
<mods:title id="933B25E4192A33430B4D28381A4E95C9">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4A05282E5D7A3822080C97B435290FD2">
<mods:date id="AE7163C8E246436343F199123631FC11">2004</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2714F1E863A5C48DFE1CB010E0695153" type="volume">
<mods:number id="68094021751D51EC1F76BBBDD3220C53">52</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D8FFBE8BCBF861BA67BEE6D180A667EE" type="issue">
<mods:number id="D31C3969242EC0EB8653E067B0C4250B">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="0783BBE6D48BA4640424079C7DDF5D47">147</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="F0898435A9E0B36BC6D29E54200E5F4C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B2FDD9D3ACDA13D47EB47ADC4F815CAE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13244319</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="68DDFFCF0B66EA4CFB44A3427E89718A" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7D7F3BC64ED45B1BD7EE7CD25DC22C95" type="Zenodo-Dep">13244319</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03CC6E5EFF92576453A2C4FCFAB4E08B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244446" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC6E5EFF92576453A2C4FCFAB4E08B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC6E5EFF92576453A2C4FCFAB4E08B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<subSubSection id="C37F8CC3FF92576253A2C4FCFDBAE5F6" box="[250,616,1421,1445]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF92576253A2C4FCFDBAE5F6" blockId="1.[250,616,1421,1477]" box="[250,616,1421,1445]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<heading id="D0926824FF92576253A2C4FCFDBAE5F6" bold="true" box="[250,616,1421,1445]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF92576253A2C4FCFDBAE5F6" bold="true" box="[250,616,1421,1445]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF92576253A2C4FCFE06E5F6" ID-CoL="6K8XK" authorityName="Hou &amp; Li" authorityYear="2004" box="[250,468,1421,1445]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF92576253A2C4FCFE06E5F6" bold="true" box="[250,468,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Gammarus frigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222BE21FF92576252BBC4FCFDBAE5F6" box="[483,616,1421,1445]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F8CC3FF9257625220C4DFFE39E596" box="[376,491,1454,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9257625220C4DFFE39E596" blockId="1.[250,616,1421,1477]" box="[376,491,1454,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
(
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF92576252D8C4DFFE32E596" box="[384,480,1454,1477]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[136,171,2056,2077]" captionStartId-1="3.[112,147,2065,2086]" captionStartId-2="4.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionStartId-3="5.[113,148,2065,2086]" captionStartId-4="6.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox-0="[242,1380,199,1942]" captionTargetBox-1="[207,1362,212,1999]" captionTargetBox-2="[250,1366,205,1958]" captionTargetBox-3="[186,1377,195,1977]" captionTargetBox-4="[248,1377,198,1951]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@2.[205,1425,188,1966]" captionTargetId-1="figure-10@3.[167,1378,196,2018]" captionTargetId-2="figure-8@4.[210,1387,122,2011]" captionTargetId-3="figure-10@5.[180,1381,179,2004]" captionTargetId-4="figure-8@6.[224,1388,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. left mandible, B. lower lip, C. incisor of right mandible, D. maxilla 2, E. palp of right maxilla 1, F. left maxilla 1, G. upper lip, H. maxilliped, I. urosomites 1-3 (dorsal view)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. gnathopod 2, B. propodus of gnathopod 2, C. gnathopod 1, D. propodus of gnathopod 1." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. head, B. urosomites 1-3 (lateral view), C. pereopod 3, D. pereopod 4, E. pleopod 1, F. pleopod 2, G. pleopod 3, H. dactylus of pereopod 3, I. dactylus of pereopod 4." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. antenna 1, B. antenna 2, C. uropod 2, D. uropod 3, E. epimeral plates 1-3, F. telson, G. uropod 1." captionText-4="Fig. 5. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male: A - F; female: G, H. A. pereopod 5, B. pereopod 6, C. pereopod 7, D. dactylus of pereopod 5, E. dactylus of pereopod 6, F. dactylus of pereopod 7, G. propodus of gnathopod 1, H. propodus of gnathopod 2." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244323" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244325" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244327" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244329" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244333" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13244323/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13244325/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13244327/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13244329/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13244333/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Figs. 1-5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F8CC3FF9257625329C49BFE22E6DC" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9257625329C49BFE11E66A" blockId="1.[113,753,1514,1593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9257625329C49BFEEDE5AC" bold="true" box="[113,319,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Material examined. –</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0DD515FF925762521CC49BFE11E66A" collectingDate="2001-09-09" country="China" county="Nagqu County" elevation="4500" location="Nagqu County" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Xizang" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54DE61EAFF925762521CC49BFE4EE5AC" box="[324,412,1514,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
- male,
<quantity id="4C9D72ADFF92576252BEC49BFDEBE5AC" box="[486,569,1514,1535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
(IZCAS-I-A0069), altitude
<quantity id="4C9D72ADFF925762539DC776FEC6E64F" box="[197,276,1543,1564]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="4500.0">
<elevation id="0048387BFF925762539DC776FEC6E64F" box="[197,276,1543,1564]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="4500.0">4500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, living in a swamp of
<collectingCounty id="62BBA7C4FF925762515AC776FD46E64F" box="[514,660,1543,1564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Nagqu County</collectingCounty>
(31.4
<superScript id="7C107200FF925762518AC774FD3FE64F" attach="right" box="[722,749,1541,1564]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">oN</superScript>
, 92.0
<superScript id="7C107200FF92576253C3C753FF61E66A" attach="right" box="[155,179,1570,1593]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">oE</superScript>
),
<collectingRegion id="49A111AAFF925762539FC755FF2EE66A" box="[199,252,1572,1593]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Tibet</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3729FD8FF925762525FC755FE91E66A" box="[263,323,1572,1593]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">China</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFDBF988FF9257625216C755FE6DE66A" box="[334,447,1572,1593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" value="2001-09-09">
<collectingDate id="EF9F0060FF9257625216C755FE6DE66A" box="[334,447,1572,1593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" value="2001-09-09">9 Sep.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9257625329C72CFE22E6DC" blockId="1.[113,752,1629,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<materialsCitation id="3B0DD515FF9257625329C72CFD52E621" box="[113,640,1629,1650]" collectionCode="IZCAS" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="24" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-juvenile="2" specimenCount-male="15" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54DE61EAFF9257625329C72CFF1CE621" box="[113,206,1629,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="B911035AFF925762538EC72CFF0CE621" box="[214,222,1629,1650]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">-</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D6314C1FF92576253BEC72CFEEDE621" box="[230,319,1629,1650]" count="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="male">15 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6314C1FF9257625213C72CFE79E621" box="[331,427,1629,1650]" count="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6314C1FF92576252EFC72CFDF3E621" box="[439,545,1629,1650]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED74478DFF9257625177C72CFDABE621" box="[559,633,1629,1650]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">IZCAS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B0DD515FF92576251D3C72CFE3EE6DC" collectingDate="2001-09-09" collectionCode="ZRC" country="China" county="Nagqu County" elevation="4500" location="Nagqu County" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Xizang" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D6314C1FF92576251D3C72CFD0BE621" box="[651,729,1629,1650]" count="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6314C1FF92576251BCC72CFF6EE6DC" count="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED74478DFF9257625393C70BFF2CE6DC" box="[203,254,1658,1679]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">ZRC</collectionCode>
), same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F8CC3FF9257625329C7C5FDE0E7D8" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9257625329C7C5FDE0E7D8" blockId="1.[113,752,1716,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9257625329C7C5FF2BE69F" bold="true" box="[113,249,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Diagnosis. –</emphasis>
Gnathopod 1: propodus ovate, palm not deeply oblique, similar to that of female in shape. Uropod 3: inner ramus about 90% of article 1 of outer ramus, article 2 distinct, both rami fringed with plumose setae. Telson: with distal spines, but no dorsal spines. Maxilla 1: inner plate with about 19 plumose setae. Maxilla 2: inner plate densely setose, with a row of 32 plumose setae on inner face.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F8CC3FF9257645329C6C5FF4EE5EB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9257625329C6C5FADCE10B" blockId="1.[113,752,1972,2091]" lastBlockId="1.[813,1452,193,344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9257625329C6C5FED8E79F" bold="true" box="[113,266,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Description. –</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54DE61EAFF9257625248C6C5FEA4E798" box="[272,374,1972,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<quantity id="4C9D72ADFF92576252D8C6C5FE33E798" box="[384,481,1972,1995]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
. Head (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF9257625168C6C5FD57E798" box="[560,645,1972,1995]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[250,1366,205,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[210,1387,122,2011]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. head, B. urosomites 1-3 (lateral view), C. pereopod 3, D. pereopod 4, E. pleopod 1, F. pleopod 2, G. pleopod 3, H. dactylus of pereopod 3, I. dactylus of pereopod 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244327/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
): cephalic lateral lobe truncate, inferior antennal sinus deep, eyes ovate and medium in size. Antenna 1 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF925762529AC685FDC5E858" box="[450,535,2036,2059]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[113,148,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[186,1377,195,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[180,1381,179,2004]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. antenna 1, B. antenna 2, C. uropod 2, D. uropod 3, E. epimeral plates 1-3, F. telson, G. uropod 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244329/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
): peduncular articles
<quantity id="4C9D72ADFF9257625329C965FF7FE878" box="[113,173,2068,2091]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="in" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1-3 in</quantity>
length ratio 1: 0.55: 0.3, with some distal setae; primary flagellum with 21 articles, most with aesthetascs; accessory flagellum with 3 articles. Antenna 2 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF9257625791C190FACDE0AB" box="[1225,1311,225,248]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[113,148,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[186,1377,195,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[180,1381,179,2004]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. antenna 1, B. antenna 2, C. uropod 2, D. uropod 3, E. epimeral plates 1-3, F. telson, G. uropod 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244329/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
): gland cone attaining peduncular article 3, article 4 about as long as article 5, both with 3 groups of setae on posterior margins; flagellum with 12 articles, some articles with calceoli.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9257625075C0F0FB2EE30B" blockId="1.[813,1452,385,856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
Upper lip (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF92576250F5C0F0FBD8E1CB" box="[941,1034,385,408]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2056,2077]" captionTargetBox="[242,1380,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[205,1425,188,1966]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. left mandible, B. lower lip, C. incisor of right mandible, D. maxilla 2, E. palp of right maxilla 1, F. left maxilla 1, G. upper lip, H. maxilliped, I. urosomites 1-3 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244323/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
): subrounded, bearing minute setae. Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF92576250F0C0D0FBF3E1EB" box="[936,1057,417,440]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2056,2077]" captionTargetBox="[242,1380,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[205,1425,188,1966]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. left mandible, B. lower lip, C. incisor of right mandible, D. maxilla 2, E. palp of right maxilla 1, F. left maxilla 1, G. upper lip, H. maxilliped, I. urosomites 1-3 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244323/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Figs. 1A, C</figureCitation>
), left incisor 5-dentate, lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth, molar triturative, article 2 of palp with 15 stiff setae, article 3 about 75% of article
<quantity id="4C9D72ADFF92576257E3C090FB34E1AB" box="[1211,1254,481,504]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
length, with 3 Asetae on outer face, 3 B-setae on inner face, about 15 D-setae and 5 E-setae; right incisor 4-dentate, lacinia mobilis bifurcate. Lower lip (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF9257625757C330FBB0E20B" box="[1039,1122,577,600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2056,2077]" captionTargetBox="[242,1380,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[205,1425,188,1966]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. left mandible, B. lower lip, C. incisor of right mandible, D. maxilla 2, E. palp of right maxilla 1, F. left maxilla 1, G. upper lip, H. maxilliped, I. urosomites 1-3 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244323/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
): inner lobe lacking. Maxilla 1 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF925762506DC310FC7CE22B" box="[821,942,609,632]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2056,2077]" captionTargetBox="[242,1380,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[205,1425,188,1966]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. left mandible, B. lower lip, C. incisor of right mandible, D. maxilla 2, E. palp of right maxilla 1, F. left maxilla 1, G. upper lip, H. maxilliped, I. urosomites 1-3 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244323/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Figs. 1E, F</figureCitation>
): inner plate with 19 plumose setae, article 2 of left palp with 7 slender spines and 2 stiff setae; article 2 of right palp with 5 blunt spines and 1 stiff seta. Maxilla 2 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF92576256D8C3D0FC82E28B" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2056,2077]" captionTargetBox="[242,1380,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[205,1425,188,1966]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. left mandible, B. lower lip, C. incisor of right mandible, D. maxilla 2, E. palp of right maxilla 1, F. left maxilla 1, G. upper lip, H. maxilliped, I. urosomites 1-3 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244323/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
): inner plate densely setose, with 32 plumose setae, which are subparallel to inner margin; outer plate broad, bearing apical setae. Maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF9257625764C270FB40E34B" box="[1084,1170,769,792]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2056,2077]" captionTargetBox="[242,1380,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[205,1425,188,1966]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. left mandible, B. lower lip, C. incisor of right mandible, D. maxilla 2, E. palp of right maxilla 1, F. left maxilla 1, G. upper lip, H. maxilliped, I. urosomites 1-3 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244323/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
): inner plate with 3 apical spines, outer plate with 11 spines on medial margin and 5 apical pectinate setae, palp with 4 articles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9257625075C2F0FB2EE40B" blockId="1.[813,1452,897,1112]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
Coxal plates: coxal plates 1-3 subrectangular (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF925762567DC2F0FA75E3CB" box="[1317,1447,897,920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[112,147,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[207,1362,212,1999]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[167,1378,196,2018]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. gnathopod 2, B. propodus of gnathopod 2, C. gnathopod 1, D. propodus of gnathopod 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244325/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Figs. 2A, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF9257625075C2D0FC9CE3EB" box="[813,846,929,952]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[250,1366,205,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[210,1387,122,2011]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. head, B. urosomites 1-3 (lateral view), C. pereopod 3, D. pereopod 4, E. pleopod 1, F. pleopod 2, G. pleopod 3, H. dactylus of pereopod 3, I. dactylus of pereopod 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244327/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">3C</figureCitation>
), with 1-3 setae on anterior corner and 1 seta on posterior corner; coxal plate 4 excavated (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF92576257C8C2B0FB34E38B" box="[1168,1254,961,984]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[250,1366,205,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[210,1387,122,2011]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. head, B. urosomites 1-3 (lateral view), C. pereopod 3, D. pereopod 4, E. pleopod 1, F. pleopod 2, G. pleopod 3, H. dactylus of pereopod 3, I. dactylus of pereopod 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244327/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
), as wide as long, with 2 and 5 setae on anterior corner and posterior margin, respectively; anterior lobe of coxal plates 5 and 6 small (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF925762562EC570FCA2E46B" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[248,1377,198,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[224,1388,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male: A - F; female: G, H. A. pereopod 5, B. pereopod 6, C. pereopod 7, D. dactylus of pereopod 5, E. dactylus of pereopod 6, F. dactylus of pereopod 7, G. propodus of gnathopod 1, H. propodus of gnathopod 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244333/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Figs. 5A, B</figureCitation>
), posterior margin with 1-2 short setae; coxal plate 7 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF925762506DC530FC5AE40B" box="[821,904,1089,1112]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[248,1377,198,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[224,1388,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male: A - F; female: G, H. A. pereopod 5, B. pereopod 6, C. pereopod 7, D. dactylus of pereopod 5, E. dactylus of pereopod 6, F. dactylus of pereopod 7, G. propodus of gnathopod 1, H. propodus of gnathopod 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244333/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) with 6 setae on posterior corner.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9257625075C5F0FBF9E58B" blockId="1.[813,1452,1153,1496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
Gnathopod 1 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF9257625091C5F0FB9EE4CB" box="[969,1100,1153,1176]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[112,147,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[207,1362,212,1999]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[167,1378,196,2018]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. gnathopod 2, B. propodus of gnathopod 2, C. gnathopod 1, D. propodus of gnathopod 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244325/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Figs. 2C, D</figureCitation>
): basis short, with long setae on anterior and posterior margins; carpus about 75% of length of propodus; propodus pyriform, palm not very oblique, bearing 1 medial spine, and 9 spines on posterior margin; dactylus about half of posterior margin of propodus, with 1 seta on outer margin. Gnathopod 2 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF92576257F1C450FAF5E56B" box="[1193,1319,1313,1336]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[112,147,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[207,1362,212,1999]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[167,1378,196,2018]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. gnathopod 2, B. propodus of gnathopod 2, C. gnathopod 1, D. propodus of gnathopod 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244325/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Figs. 2A, B</figureCitation>
): carpus and propodus longer than those of gnathopod 1, carpus a little shorter than propodus, with subparallel margins; propodus subrectangular, palm transverse, bearing 1 medial spine and 4 spines on posterior corner; dactylus fitting the palm, with 1 seta on outer margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9257625075C773FCA9E6CD" blockId="1.[813,1452,1538,1694]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
Pereopods 3 and 4 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF9257625752C773FB1BE64A" box="[1034,1225,1538,1561]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[250,1366,205,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[210,1387,122,2011]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. head, B. urosomites 1-3 (lateral view), C. pereopod 3, D. pereopod 4, E. pleopod 1, F. pleopod 2, G. pleopod 3, H. dactylus of pereopod 3, I. dactylus of pereopod 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244327/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Figs. 3C, D, H, I</figureCitation>
): pereopods 3 and 4 with long straight setae on posterior margins, articles 5 and 6 accompanied by several spines on posterior margin, dactylus slender, with 1 seta on anterior margin and 1-2 setae at joint of nail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9257625075C7BBFCA9E87D" blockId="1.[813,1452,1738,2094]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
Pereopods 5-7 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF92576250B8C7BBFBFCE6B2" box="[992,1070,1738,1761]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[248,1377,198,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[224,1388,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male: A - F; female: G, H. A. pereopod 5, B. pereopod 6, C. pereopod 7, D. dactylus of pereopod 5, E. dactylus of pereopod 6, F. dactylus of pereopod 7, G. propodus of gnathopod 1, H. propodus of gnathopod 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244333/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A-F): subequal in length, anterior margin of bases weakly convex, with 5 short spines and several long setae proximally, posterior margin nearly straight in pereopod 5, weakly concave distally in pereopod 6, processed in pereopod 7, with a row of 13 short setae, inner face of pereopod 7 with a small seta; articles 4 and 5 mainly with 2-3 groups of spines along anterior and posterior margins; article 6 with 4-5 clusters of spines on anterior margin and some short setae on posterior margins; dactylus slender, with 1 seta on posterior margin and 2 setae at joint of nail.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A8FC0FF91576153D0C979FBECE869" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244323/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" startId="2.[136,171,2056,2077]" targetBox="[242,1380,199,1942]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF91576153D0C979FBECE869" blockId="2.[136,1475,2056,2106]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
Fig. 1.
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF9157615395C978FE58E84D" authorityName="Hou &amp; Li" authorityYear="2004" box="[205,394,2057,2078]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9157615395C978FE58E84D" box="[205,394,2057,2078]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Gammarus frigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222BE21FF91576152CEC979FDDFE84E" box="[406,525,2056,2077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male, holotype. A. left mandible, B. lower lip, C. incisor of right mandible, D. maxilla 2, E. palp of right maxilla 1, F. left maxilla 1, G. upper lip, H. maxilliped, I. urosomites 1-3 (dorsal view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1A8FC0FF9057605328C960FF3DE810" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244325/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" startId="3.[112,147,2065,2086]" targetBox="[207,1362,212,1999]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9057605328C960FF3DE810" blockId="3.[112,1451,2065,2115]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
Fig. 2.
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF90576053E0C960FEA4E875" authorityName="Hou &amp; Li" authorityYear="2004" box="[184,374,2065,2086]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF90576053E0C960FEA4E875" box="[184,374,2065,2086]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Gammarus frigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222BE21FF90576052DCC960FE2EE875" box="[388,508,2065,2086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male, holotype. A. gnathopod 2, B. propodus of gnathopod 2, C. gnathopod 1, D. propodus of gnathopod 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1A8FC0FF97576753D0C960FC17E810" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" startId="4.[136,171,2065,2086]" targetBox="[250,1366,205,1958]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF97576753D0C960FC17E810" blockId="4.[136,1475,2065,2115]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">
Fig. 3.
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF9757675393C960FE54E875" authorityName="Hou &amp; Li" authorityYear="2004" box="[203,390,2065,2086]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9757675393C960FE54E875" box="[203,390,2065,2086]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Gammarus frigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222BE21FF97576752C9C960FDD4E875" box="[401,518,2065,2086]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male, holotype. A. head, B. urosomites 1-3 (lateral view), C. pereopod 3, D. pereopod 4, E. pleopod 1, F. pleopod 2, G. pleopod 3, H. dactylus of pereopod 3, I. dactylus of pereopod 4.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1A8FC0FF9657665329C960FEE7E810" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244329/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" startId="5.[113,148,2065,2086]" targetBox="[186,1377,195,1977]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9657665329C960FEE7E810" blockId="5.[113,1452,2065,2115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">
Fig. 4.
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF96576653E0C960FEA6E875" authorityName="Hou &amp; Li" authorityYear="2004" box="[184,372,2065,2086]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF96576653E0C960FEA6E875" box="[184,372,2065,2086]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">Gammarus frigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222BE21FF96576652D9C960FE2AE875" box="[385,504,2065,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male, holotype. A. antenna 1, B. antenna 2, C. uropod 2, D. uropod 3, E. epimeral plates 1-3, F. telson, G. uropod 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1A8FC0FF95576553D0C960FB27E810" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244333/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" startId="6.[136,171,2065,2086]" targetBox="[248,1377,198,1951]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF95576553D0C960FB27E810" blockId="6.[136,1475,2065,2115]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">
Fig. 5.
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF9557655395C960FE5BE875" authorityName="Hou &amp; Li" authorityYear="2004" box="[205,393,2065,2086]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9557655395C960FE5BE875" box="[205,393,2065,2086]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Gammarus frigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222BE21FF95576552CDC960FDDEE875" box="[405,524,2065,2086]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male: A - F; female: G, H. A. pereopod 5, B. pereopod 6, C. pereopod 7, D. dactylus of pereopod 5, E. dactylus of pereopod 6, F. dactylus of pereopod 7, G. propodus of gnathopod 1, H. propodus of gnathopod 2.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9457645329C1B0FF1AE0AB" blockId="7.[113,752,193,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">
Coxal gills (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF94576453AAC1B0FE9DE08B" box="[242,335,193,216]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[112,147,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[207,1362,212,1999]" captionTargetId="figure-10@3.[167,1378,196,2018]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. gnathopod 2, B. propodus of gnathopod 2, C. gnathopod 1, D. propodus of gnathopod 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244325/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF9457645201C1B0FE4BE08B" box="[345,409,193,216]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[250,1366,205,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[210,1387,122,2011]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. head, B. urosomites 1-3 (lateral view), C. pereopod 3, D. pereopod 4, E. pleopod 1, F. pleopod 2, G. pleopod 3, H. dactylus of pereopod 3, I. dactylus of pereopod 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244327/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">3C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF94576452FCC1B0FE63E08B" box="[420,433,193,216]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[248,1377,198,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[224,1388,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male: A - F; female: G, H. A. pereopod 5, B. pereopod 6, C. pereopod 7, D. dactylus of pereopod 5, E. dactylus of pereopod 6, F. dactylus of pereopod 7, G. propodus of gnathopod 1, H. propodus of gnathopod 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244333/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">5</figureCitation>
A-C): coxal gills of pereopods 2-7 flat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9457645329C050FE9BE26B" blockId="7.[113,752,289,568]" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">
Epimeral plates (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF945764527FC050FEA8E16B" box="[295,378,289,312]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[113,148,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[186,1377,195,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[180,1381,179,2004]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. antenna 1, B. antenna 2, C. uropod 2, D. uropod 3, E. epimeral plates 1-3, F. telson, G. uropod 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
): epimeral plates 1-3 progressively acuminate on posterior corner, with 2-4 short setae on posterior margins; epimeral plate 1 ventrally rounded, with 10 setae on anterior corner; epimeral plate 2 with 5 spines on ventral margin and 1 subventral spine; epimeral plate 3 with 5 ventral spines. Pleopods (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF94576452C0C0B0FE32E18B" box="[408,480,449,472]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[250,1366,205,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[210,1387,122,2011]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. head, B. urosomites 1-3 (lateral view), C. pereopod 3, D. pereopod 4, E. pleopod 1, F. pleopod 2, G. pleopod 3, H. dactylus of pereopod 3, I. dactylus of pereopod 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244327/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
E-G): subequal in length, peduncle with some dorsal setae, bearing 2 retinacula accompanied by 1-3 setae; rami with about 22 articles, fringed with plumose setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9457645329C310FDF1E40B" blockId="7.[113,753,609,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">
Urosomites (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF945764525EC310FEB0E22B" box="[262,354,609,632]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2056,2077]" captionTargetBox="[242,1380,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[205,1425,188,1966]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. left mandible, B. lower lip, C. incisor of right mandible, D. maxilla 2, E. palp of right maxilla 1, F. left maxilla 1, G. upper lip, H. maxilliped, I. urosomites 1-3 (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244323/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Figs. 1I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF945764522BC310FE45E22B" box="[371,407,609,632]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[250,1366,205,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[210,1387,122,2011]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. head, B. urosomites 1-3 (lateral view), C. pereopod 3, D. pereopod 4, E. pleopod 1, F. pleopod 2, G. pleopod 3, H. dactylus of pereopod 3, I. dactylus of pereopod 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244327/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">3B</figureCitation>
): urosomites 1 and 2 slightly elevated. Urosomite 1 with 3-2-1-3 spines on dorsal margin from left to right, urosomite 2 with 3-2-3 spines on dorsal margin, urosomite 3 with 2 spines-2 setae-2 spines on dorsal margin. Uropod 1 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF9457645262C390FE42E2AB" box="[314,400,737,760]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[113,148,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[186,1377,195,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[180,1381,179,2004]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. antenna 1, B. antenna 2, C. uropod 2, D. uropod 3, E. epimeral plates 1-3, F. telson, G. uropod 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
): peduncle longer than rami, with 1-1-2 and 1-1 spines on outer and inner margins, respectively; outer ramus with 1 and 2 spines on outer and inner margins, respectively; inner ramus with 3 spines on outer margin. Uropod 2 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF94576453B3C210FE91E32B" box="[235,323,865,888]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[113,148,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[186,1377,195,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[180,1381,179,2004]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. antenna 1, B. antenna 2, C. uropod 2, D. uropod 3, E. epimeral plates 1-3, F. telson, G. uropod 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
): peduncle with 2 spines on each side; outer ramus shorter than inner ramus, with 1 spine on each side; inner ramus with 2 spines on outer margin. Uropod 3 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF9457645321C2B0FF1DE38B" box="[121,207,961,984]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[113,148,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[186,1377,195,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[180,1381,179,2004]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. antenna 1, B. antenna 2, C. uropod 2, D. uropod 3, E. epimeral plates 1-3, F. telson, G. uropod 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
): peduncle with distal spines; length of inner ramus about 90% of article 1 of outer ramus, with 2 lateral spines; article 1 of outer ramus with 1-2-2 spines on outer margin and 3 distal spines, article 2 about 17% of length of article 1, both rami armed with plumose setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9457645329C5F0FD4CE4EB" blockId="7.[113,752,1153,1208]" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">
Telson cleft (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF9457645255C5F0FEB7E4CB" box="[269,357,1153,1176]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[113,148,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[186,1377,195,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[180,1381,179,2004]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male, holotype. A. antenna 1, B. antenna 2, C. uropod 2, D. uropod 3, E. epimeral plates 1-3, F. telson, G. uropod 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
), each lobe with 3-4 distal spines accompanied by 3 setae and 2-3 dorsal short setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9457645329C590FF4EE5EB" blockId="7.[113,753,1249,1464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9457645329C590FF32E4AA" bold="true" box="[113,224,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Female. –</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4C9D72ADFF945764522DC590FE34E4AB" box="[373,486,1249,1272]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.005" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="10.05">10.05 mm</quantity>
. Gnathopod 1 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF94576451D4C590FD36E4AB" box="[652,740,1249,1272]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[248,1377,198,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[224,1388,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male: A - F; female: G, H. A. pereopod 5, B. pereopod 6, C. pereopod 7, D. dactylus of pereopod 5, E. dactylus of pereopod 6, F. dactylus of pereopod 7, G. propodus of gnathopod 1, H. propodus of gnathopod 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244333/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
): similar to that of male in shape, with 2 spines on posterior margin and 5 spines on posterior corner. Gnathopod 2 (
<figureCitation id="135EC3CDFF945764519DC450FF44E50B" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[136,171,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[248,1377,198,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[224,1388,193,1970]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Gammarus frigidus, new species, male: A - F; female: G, H. A. pereopod 5, B. pereopod 6, C. pereopod 7, D. dactylus of pereopod 5, E. dactylus of pereopod 6, F. dactylus of pereopod 7, G. propodus of gnathopod 1, H. propodus of gnathopod 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244333/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
): carpus and propodus elongate, propodus subrectangular, length about two times width, palm truncate, with 6 slender spines on posterior corner. Oostegites: present on pereopods 2-5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F8CC3FF9457645329C491FE19E645" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9457645329C491FE19E645" blockId="7.[113,753,1504,1558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9457645329C491FED2E5AB" bold="true" box="[113,256,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Etymology. –</emphasis>
The specific name comes from its biotope, the high altitude and frigid climate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F8CC3FF9457645329C74DFF2BE86C" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9457645329C74DFF2BE71B" blockId="7.[113,753,1596,1864]" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9457645329C74DFE68E600" box="[113,442,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9457645329C74DFF38E607" bold="true" box="[113,234,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Remarks. –</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF94576453B7C74DFE68E600" authorityName="Hou &amp; Li" authorityYear="2004" box="[239,442,1596,1619]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus">Gammarus frigidus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF945764510BC74DFD78E600" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[595,682,1596,1619]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulex">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF945764510BC74DFDB4E600" box="[595,614,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B911035AFF945764512AC74DFD78E600" box="[626,682,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">pulex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (Karaman &amp; Pinkster, 1977).
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF94576452EAC72AFD56E621" authorityName="Hou &amp; Li" authorityYear="2004" box="[434,644,1627,1650]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF94576452EAC72AFD56E621" box="[434,644,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Gammarus frigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF9457645386C708FD9EE6C3" authority="Barnard &amp; Dai, 1988" authorityName=", Barnard &amp; Dai" authorityYear="1988" box="[222,588,1657,1680]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lasaensis">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9457645386C708FF23E6C3" box="[222,241,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B911035AFF94576453A7C708FEB3E6C3" box="[255,353,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">lasaensis</emphasis>
Barnard &amp; Dai,
<quantity id="4C9D72ADFF945764514FC708FD9EE6C3" box="[535,588,1657,1680]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.04952" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" unit="in" value="1988.0">1988</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in that maxilla 2 of both species have more than 30 plumose setae on the inner plate and their telsons are with few setae.
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF9457645122C7C6FF16E6BE" authorityName="Hou &amp; Li" authorityYear="2004" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9457645122C7C6FF16E6BE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Gammarus frigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF94576452CAC7A7FDC5E6BE" authorityName=", Barnard &amp; Dai" authorityYear="1988" box="[402,535,1749,1773]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lasaensis">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF94576452CAC7A7FE77E6BE" box="[402,421,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B911035AFF94576452EDC7A7FDC5E6BE" box="[437,535,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">lasaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an ovate propodus in the gnathopod 1 and an elongate inner ramus of the uropod 3, with nearly reaching the end of article 1 of outer ramus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9457645329C61EFF2BE86C" blockId="7.[113,753,1903,2111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF9457645329C61EFE90E7D5" authorityName="Hou &amp; Li" authorityYear="2004" box="[113,322,1903,1926]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9457645329C61EFE90E7D5" box="[113,322,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Gammarus frigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF945764515BC61EFECEE7F7" authority="Hou, Li &amp; Morino, 2002" authorityName="Hou, Li &amp; Morino" authorityYear="2002" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnarius">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF945764515BC61EFDC4E7D5" box="[515,534,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B911035AFF945764517CC61EFD47E7D5" box="[548,661,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">stagnarius</emphasis>
Hou, Li &amp; Morino, 2002
</taxonomicName>
, in pereopods 3 and 4 with long straight setae on posterior margins, and the shape of epimeral plates 1-3.
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF9457645329C6BAFE91E7B1" authorityName="Hou &amp; Li" authorityYear="2004" box="[113,323,1995,2018]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9457645329C6BAFE91E7B1" box="[113,323,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Gammarus frigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C65A4CBFF9457645162C6BAFD1FE7B1" authorityName="Hou, Li &amp; Morino" authorityYear="2002" box="[570,717,1995,2018]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stagnarius">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9457645162C6BAFD9FE7B1" box="[570,589,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9457645104C6BAFD1FE7B1" box="[604,717,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">stagnarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by antenna 2 with calcoli, propodus of gnathopod 1 ovate, and inner ramus of uropod 3 reaching about 90% of article 1 of outer ramus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F8CC3FF9457645075C1B0FAB4E08B" box="[813,1382,193,217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="154" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDADF48FF9457645075C1B0FAB4E08B" blockId="7.[813,1382,193,217]" box="[813,1382,193,217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B911035AFF9457645075C1B0FC1CE08A" bold="true" box="[813,974,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Distribution. –</emphasis>
Nagqu,
<collectingRegion id="49A111AAFF9457645776C1B0FBBBE08B" box="[1070,1129,193,216]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">Tibet</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3729FD8FF945764572DC1B0FB67E08B" box="[1141,1205,193,216]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="154">China</collectingCountry>
(present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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