437 lines
50 KiB
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437 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c2e57284-f235-4169-a9e4-f56b0439f00e" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2615-43-127" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0ABD1F3745D1534893F627D7E0BCD8E2" ID-ZooBank="AAF4E607B43C4797990305BD241F9CF1" ModsDocID="1314-2615-43-127" checkinTime="1655292397860" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli, Bastos-Pereira, Rafaela & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes" docDate="2022" docId="C3D5940FBB28584CA8BFBDBEDD9A2B27" docLanguage="en" docName="SubterBiol 43: 127-143" docOrigin="Subterranean Biology 43" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308" docTitle="Iansaoniscus leilae Cardoso & Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4F20CBD9-585B-48BF-9C18-019EFF7B5EEF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="0ABD1F3745D1534893F627D7E0BCD8E2" lastPageNumber="127" masterDocId="0ABD1F3745D1534893F627D7E0BCD8E2" masterDocTitle="Two new troglobitic species of Iansaoniscus from Brazilian caves (Crustacea, Isopoda, Pudeoniscidae)" masterLastPageNumber="143" masterPageNumber="127" pageNumber="127" updateTime="1655293218280" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new troglobitic species of Iansaoniscus from Brazilian caves (Crustacea, Isopoda, Pudeoniscidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cardoso, Giovanna Monticelli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2682-1643</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterranea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservacao, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ecologia Aplicada. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gmcardoso.bio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bastos-Pereira, Rafaela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterranea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservacao, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ecologia Aplicada. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-4405</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterranea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservacao, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ecologia Aplicada. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>43</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>127</mods:start>
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<mods:end>143</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2615-43-127</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4F20CBD9-585B-48BF-9C18-019EFF7B5EEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3D5940FBB28584CA8BFBDBEDD9A2B27" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4F20CBD9-585B-48BF-9C18-019EFF7B5EEF" authority="Cardoso & Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira, 2022" authorityName="Cardoso & Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Pudeoniscidae" genus="Iansaoniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iansaoniscus leilae" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leilae" status="sp. nov.">Iansaoniscus leilae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="127">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. A male holotype, lateral view. Female paratype B cephalon, frontal view C cephalon, dorsal view D pereonites 1 and 2, dorsal view, arrow indicating the noduli laterales E pereonite 1, ventral view F pereonites 2 and 3, ventral view G pleonite 5, telson and uropod, dorsal view H antennal flagellum I uropod. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 500 μm (B-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696181" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A telson and uropod, dorsal view B antennula C antenna D left mandible E right mandible F maxillula G maxilla H maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696182" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A pereopod 1 B pereopod 7 C pleopod 1 D pleopod 2 E pleopod 3 exopod F pleopod 4 exopod G pleopod 5 exopod. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696183" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. habitat A Toca do Goncalo cave entrance B cave floor in the inner portion of the cave, where specimens were found C water table at the cave lower level D adult specimen inside the cave, frontal view E adult specimen inside the cave, lateral view F diesel pump installed inside the cave in the 70 ' s G electric pump installed inside the cave in 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696184" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">, 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cardoso & Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira, 2022" authorityName="Cardoso & Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira" authorityYear="2022" family="Scleropactidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rank="family" status="sp. nov.">Scleropactidae</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. [sic!] -
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.8207" author="Souza-Silva, M" journalOrPublisher="Subterranean Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B37" refString="Souza-Silva, M, Ferreira, RL, 2016. The first two hotspots of subterranean biodiversity in South America. Subterranean Biology 19: 1 - 21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.8207" title="The first two hotspots of subterranean biodiversity in South America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.8207" volume="19" year="2016">Souza-Silva and Ferreira 2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 9, fig. 3F.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Cephalon lateral lobes with straight distal margin; frontal shield triangular with frontal margin directed upwards with antennal socket depressed, vertex margin depressed; pereonite 1 epimeron without dorsolateral furrow; pereonite 1 grooved on ventral margin for two thirds of its length, pereonite 2 with well-developed ventral lobe; telson with acute apex; antennula distal article with two lateral and two apical aesthetascs; uropod exopod slightly shorter than endopod, as long as distal margin of telson.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-12-10" collectorName="RL Ferreira" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.510992" location="Toca do Goncalo cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.894657" municipality="Campo Formoso" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bahia state" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Bahia">Bahia state</collectingRegion>
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, municipality of
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<collectingMunicipality>Campo Formoso</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3D5940FBB28584CA8BFBDBEDD9A2B27:92A68CE1E59B74BA004CD4A53B127410" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.510992" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.894657" municipality="Campo Formoso" name="Toca do Goncalo cave" stateProvince="Bahia state">
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Toca do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalo">Goncalo</normalizedToken>
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cave
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</location>
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(WGS84
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10.510992" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-10.510992">-10.510992</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="40.894659" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-40.894657">-40.894659</geoCoordinate>
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);
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<collectingDate value="2018-12-10">10th December 2018</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>RL Ferreira</collectorName>
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leg.; ISLA 95911
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: •
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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(mounted in slide),
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="RL Ferreira" country="ISLA" latitude="-10.510992" location="ISLA" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.894657" municipality="Campo Formoso" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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(1 mounted in slide); same data as holotype;
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<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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95912. •
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-01-05" collectorName="RL Ferreira" country="ISLA" latitude="-10.510992" location="ISLA" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.894657" municipality="Campo Formoso" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2008-01-05">05th January 2008</collectingDate>
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; same location as holotype;
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<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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95913. •
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-01-05" collectorName="RL Ferreira" country="ISLA" latitude="-10.510992" location="ISLA" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.894657" municipality="Campo Formoso" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2008-01-05">05th January 2008</collectingDate>
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; same location as holotype;
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<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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95914. •
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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(mounted in slide),
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="RL Ferreira" country="ISLA" latitude="-10.458611" location="Campo Formoso" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.54222" municipality="Toca da Tiquara cave" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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; municipality of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3D5940FBB28584CA8BFBDBEDD9A2B27:F2B34AC02FB91C6AE0C6A0EFD24219D4" country="ISLA" latitude="-10.458611" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-40.54222" municipality="Toca da Tiquara cave" name="Campo Formoso">Campo Formoso</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Toca da Tiquara cave</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10.458611" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-10.458611">-10.458611</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="40.542222" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-40.54222">-40.542222</geoCoordinate>
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);
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<collectorName>RL Ferreira</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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95917.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
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The new species is named after Dr. Leila Aparecida Souza, UECE, for her contributions on the systematics of Brazilian subterranean
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti" authorityYear="2017" class="Malacostraca" family="Pudeoniscidae" genus="Iansaoniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Oniscidea">Oniscidea</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
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Maximum length: male and female, 6 mm. Body outline in lateral view as in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. A male holotype, lateral view. Female paratype B cephalon, frontal view C cephalon, dorsal view D pereonites 1 and 2, dorsal view, arrow indicating the noduli laterales E pereonite 1, ventral view F pereonites 2 and 3, ventral view G pleonite 5, telson and uropod, dorsal view H antennal flagellum I uropod. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 500 μm (B-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696181" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">1A</figureCitation>
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, colorless, eyes absent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. A male holotype, lateral view. Female paratype B cephalon, frontal view C cephalon, dorsal view D pereonites 1 and 2, dorsal view, arrow indicating the noduli laterales E pereonite 1, ventral view F pereonites 2 and 3, ventral view G pleonite 5, telson and uropod, dorsal view H antennal flagellum I uropod. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 500 μm (B-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696181" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">1A-C</figureCitation>
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). Cephalon lateral lobes with straight distal margin; frontal shield triangular with frontal margin directed upward with antennal socket depressed, vertex margin depressed (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. A male holotype, lateral view. Female paratype B cephalon, frontal view C cephalon, dorsal view D pereonites 1 and 2, dorsal view, arrow indicating the noduli laterales E pereonite 1, ventral view F pereonites 2 and 3, ventral view G pleonite 5, telson and uropod, dorsal view H antennal flagellum I uropod. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 500 μm (B-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696181" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">1B, C</figureCitation>
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). Pereonite 1 epimeron without dorsolateral furrow; pereonite 1 grooved on ventral margin for two thirds of its length, pereonite 2 with well-developed ventral lobe (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. A male holotype, lateral view. Female paratype B cephalon, frontal view C cephalon, dorsal view D pereonites 1 and 2, dorsal view, arrow indicating the noduli laterales E pereonite 1, ventral view F pereonites 2 and 3, ventral view G pleonite 5, telson and uropod, dorsal view H antennal flagellum I uropod. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 500 μm (B-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696181" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">1D-F</figureCitation>
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); pereonites 3-7 with sub-quadrangular epimera. Pleonites 3-5 with epimera sub-quadrangular and directed backwards (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. A male holotype, lateral view. Female paratype B cephalon, frontal view C cephalon, dorsal view D pereonites 1 and 2, dorsal view, arrow indicating the noduli laterales E pereonite 1, ventral view F pereonites 2 and 3, ventral view G pleonite 5, telson and uropod, dorsal view H antennal flagellum I uropod. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 500 μm (B-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696181" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">1A, G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A telson and uropod, dorsal view B antennula C antenna D left mandible E right mandible F maxillula G maxilla H maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696182" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">2A</figureCitation>
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). Telson (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. A male holotype, lateral view. Female paratype B cephalon, frontal view C cephalon, dorsal view D pereonites 1 and 2, dorsal view, arrow indicating the noduli laterales E pereonite 1, ventral view F pereonites 2 and 3, ventral view G pleonite 5, telson and uropod, dorsal view H antennal flagellum I uropod. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 500 μm (B-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696181" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">1G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A telson and uropod, dorsal view B antennula C antenna D left mandible E right mandible F maxillula G maxilla H maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696182" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">2A</figureCitation>
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) slightly wider than long with concave sides, apex acute. Antennula (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A telson and uropod, dorsal view B antennula C antenna D left mandible E right mandible F maxillula G maxilla H maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696182" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">2B</figureCitation>
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) with three articles, distal article longer than second article bearing two lateral and two apical aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A telson and uropod, dorsal view B antennula C antenna D left mandible E right mandible F maxillula G maxilla H maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696182" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">2C</figureCitation>
|
|
) surpassing pereonite 3 when extended backwards, fifth article of peduncle as long as flagellum; flagellum with three articles; second and third articles subequal in length, third article with lateral aesthetascs (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. A male holotype, lateral view. Female paratype B cephalon, frontal view C cephalon, dorsal view D pereonites 1 and 2, dorsal view, arrow indicating the noduli laterales E pereonite 1, ventral view F pereonites 2 and 3, ventral view G pleonite 5, telson and uropod, dorsal view H antennal flagellum I uropod. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 500 μm (B-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696181" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">1H</figureCitation>
|
|
). Mandibles (Fig.
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|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A telson and uropod, dorsal view B antennula C antenna D left mandible E right mandible F maxillula G maxilla H maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696182" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">2D, E</figureCitation>
|
|
) molar penicil with 7-8 branches, left mandible with 2+1 penicils, right with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A telson and uropod, dorsal view B antennula C antenna D left mandible E right mandible F maxillula G maxilla H maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696182" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
) outer branch with 4 + 5 teeth (two apically cleft); inner branch with two penicils. Maxilla (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A telson and uropod, dorsal view B antennula C antenna D left mandible E right mandible F maxillula G maxilla H maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696182" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">2G</figureCitation>
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|
) with bilobate apex, outer lobe wider than inner lobe, round, covered with thin setae; inner lobe bearing thick setae. Maxilliped (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A telson and uropod, dorsal view B antennula C antenna D left mandible E right mandible F maxillula G maxilla H maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696182" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">2H</figureCitation>
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) basis rectangular; palp basal article with two setae distinct in length; endite sub-rectangular, long medial seta, distal margin with two teeth. Pereopods 1-7 (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A pereopod 1 B pereopod 7 C pleopod 1 D pleopod 2 E pleopod 3 exopod F pleopod 4 exopod G pleopod 5 exopod. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696183" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
) merus and carpus with sparse setae on sternal margin; carpus 1 with longitudinal antennal grooming brush, distal seta apically cleft; dactylus with dactylar organ and ungual setae simple not surpassing outer claw. Uropod (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. A male holotype, lateral view. Female paratype B cephalon, frontal view C cephalon, dorsal view D pereonites 1 and 2, dorsal view, arrow indicating the noduli laterales E pereonite 1, ventral view F pereonites 2 and 3, ventral view G pleonite 5, telson and uropod, dorsal view H antennal flagellum I uropod. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 500 μm (B-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696181" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">1G</figureCitation>
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,
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|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A telson and uropod, dorsal view B antennula C antenna D left mandible E right mandible F maxillula G maxilla H maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696182" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">2A</figureCitation>
|
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) protopod longer than wide, with lateral groove; endopod inserted proximally, exopod slightly shorter than endopod, exopod slightly longer than distal margin of telson; proximal margin with lateral groove
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696181" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cardoso & Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Pudeoniscidae" genus="Iansaoniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iansaoniscus leilae" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leilae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Iansaoniscus leilae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">A</emphasis>
|
|
male holotype, lateral view. Female paratype
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">B</emphasis>
|
|
cephalon, frontal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">C</emphasis>
|
|
cephalon, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">D</emphasis>
|
|
pereonites 1 and 2, dorsal view, arrow indicating the
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">noduli laterales</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">E</emphasis>
|
|
pereonite 1, ventral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">F</emphasis>
|
|
pereonites 2 and 3, ventral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">G</emphasis>
|
|
pleonite 5, telson and uropod, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">H</emphasis>
|
|
antennal flagellum
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">I</emphasis>
|
|
uropod. Scale bars: 1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">A</emphasis>
|
|
); 500
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">B-I</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696182" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cardoso & Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Pudeoniscidae" genus="Iansaoniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iansaoniscus leilae" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leilae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Iansaoniscus leilae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. Male holotype
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">A</emphasis>
|
|
telson and uropod, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">B</emphasis>
|
|
antennula
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">C</emphasis>
|
|
antenna
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">D</emphasis>
|
|
left mandible
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">E</emphasis>
|
|
right mandible
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">F</emphasis>
|
|
maxillula
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">G</emphasis>
|
|
maxilla
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">H</emphasis>
|
|
maxilliped. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Male</emphasis>
|
|
: Genital papilla (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A pereopod 1 B pereopod 7 C pleopod 1 D pleopod 2 E pleopod 3 exopod F pleopod 4 exopod G pleopod 5 exopod. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696183" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">3C</figureCitation>
|
|
) with triangular ventral shield and subapical orifices. Pleopod 1 (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A pereopod 1 B pereopod 7 C pleopod 1 D pleopod 2 E pleopod 3 exopod F pleopod 4 exopod G pleopod 5 exopod. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696183" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">3C</figureCitation>
|
|
) exopod ovoid, margin straight, almost three times wider than long; endopod four times as long as exopod, distal portion slightly bent outwards, apex with small setae. Pleopod 2 exopod (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A pereopod 1 B pereopod 7 C pleopod 1 D pleopod 2 E pleopod 3 exopod F pleopod 4 exopod G pleopod 5 exopod. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696183" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">3D</figureCitation>
|
|
) triangular bearing one seta on outer margin, endopod flagelliform, almost three times as long as exopod. Pleopod 3-5 exopods as in Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. Male holotype A pereopod 1 B pereopod 7 C pleopod 1 D pleopod 2 E pleopod 3 exopod F pleopod 4 exopod G pleopod 5 exopod. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696183" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">3E-G</figureCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696183" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cardoso & Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Pudeoniscidae" genus="Iansaoniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iansaoniscus leilae" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leilae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Iansaoniscus leilae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. Male holotype
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">A</emphasis>
|
|
pereopod 1
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">B</emphasis>
|
|
pereopod 7
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">C</emphasis>
|
|
pleopod 1
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">D</emphasis>
|
|
pleopod 2
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">E</emphasis>
|
|
pleopod 3 exopod
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">F</emphasis>
|
|
pleopod 4 exopod
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">G</emphasis>
|
|
pleopod 5 exopod. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="127" type="habitat">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Habitat and conservation issues.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
|
|
The Toca do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalo">Goncalo</normalizedToken>
|
|
cave presents ca. 500 meters of mapped conduits. It is inserted at the Una geological group of carbonate rocks from the Caatinga Formation, which comprises relatively young rocks deposited around 600 million years ago (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Auler, AS" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" refId="B2" refString="Auler, AS, 2019. Historico, ocorrencia e potencial de cavernas no Brasil. In: Rubbioli E, Menin D, Brandi R (Eds) Cavernas. Atlas do Brasil Subterraneo. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade, Brasilia 14-51." title="Historico, ocorrencia e potencial de cavernas no Brasil. In: Rubbioli E, Menin D, Brandi R (Eds) Cavernas. Atlas do Brasil Subterraneo. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade, Brasilia 14 - 51." year="2019">Auler 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It is located in the Campo Formoso municipality, Bahia state, Northeastern Brazil, within the Caatinga (a semiarid biome) (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Geographical distribution of Iansaoniscus species, with Brazilian biomes and the karst areas delimited in the state of Bahia." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696189" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">9</figureCitation>
|
|
). The cave presents a single horizontal lenticular-shaped entrance, 2 m high and 8 m wide (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. habitat A Toca do Goncalo cave entrance B cave floor in the inner portion of the cave, where specimens were found C water table at the cave lower level D adult specimen inside the cave, frontal view E adult specimen inside the cave, lateral view F diesel pump installed inside the cave in the 70 ' s G electric pump installed inside the cave in 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696184" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">4A</figureCitation>
|
|
). It has two distinct levels: while the upper level is predominantly dry, the lower level used to be frequently filled with phreatic water (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. habitat A Toca do Goncalo cave entrance B cave floor in the inner portion of the cave, where specimens were found C water table at the cave lower level D adult specimen inside the cave, frontal view E adult specimen inside the cave, lateral view F diesel pump installed inside the cave in the 70 ' s G electric pump installed inside the cave in 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696184" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">4B, C</figureCitation>
|
|
). However, as will be discussed further on, several changes (at both local and regional scales) led to a massive reduction in the water table level, thus, exposing several conduits that used to be inaccessible to men in the past decades (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. habitat A Toca do Goncalo cave entrance B cave floor in the inner portion of the cave, where specimens were found C water table at the cave lower level D adult specimen inside the cave, frontal view E adult specimen inside the cave, lateral view F diesel pump installed inside the cave in the 70 ' s G electric pump installed inside the cave in 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696184" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">4C</figureCitation>
|
|
). The main food sources for both the terrestrial and aquatic fauna seem to be particulate organic matter from the surface, although there are some root mats in the water table level and small guano piles in some areas within the cave.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696184" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cardoso & Bastos-Pereira & Ferreira" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Pudeoniscidae" genus="Iansaoniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iansaoniscus leilae" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leilae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Iansaoniscus leilae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. habitat
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">A</emphasis>
|
|
Toca do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalo">Goncalo</normalizedToken>
|
|
cave entrance
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">B</emphasis>
|
|
cave floor in the inner portion of the cave, where specimens were found
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">C</emphasis>
|
|
water table at the cave lower level
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">D</emphasis>
|
|
adult specimen inside the cave, frontal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">E</emphasis>
|
|
adult specimen inside the cave, lateral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">F</emphasis>
|
|
diesel pump installed inside the cave in the 70's
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">G</emphasis>
|
|
electric pump installed inside the cave in 2010.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Culver, DC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cave and Karst Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="11 - 17" refId="B20" refString="Culver, DC, Sket, B, 2000. Hotspots of subterranean biodiversity in caves and wells. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 62: 11 - 17" title="Hotspots of subterranean biodiversity in caves and wells." volume="62" year="2000">Culver and Sket (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
defined hotspots of subterranean biodiversity as caves (or cave systems) with 20 or more cave-restricted species. The Toca do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalo">Goncalo</normalizedToken>
|
|
cave shelters 22 troglobitic species and represents one of the three hotspots of subterranean biodiversity known for South America (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.8207" author="Souza-Silva, M" journalOrPublisher="Subterranean Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B37" refString="Souza-Silva, M, Ferreira, RL, 2016. The first two hotspots of subterranean biodiversity in South America. Subterranean Biology 19: 1 - 21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.8207" title="The first two hotspots of subterranean biodiversity in South America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.8207" volume="19" year="2016">Souza-Silva and Ferreira 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02302-8" author="Souza-Silva, M" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="4223 - 4250" refId="B38" refString="Souza-Silva, M, Cerqueira, RFV, Pellegrini, TG, Ferreira, RL, 2021. Habitat selection of cave-restricted fauna in a new hotspot of subterranean biodiversity in Neotropics. Biodiversity and Conservation 30 (14): 4223 - 4250, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02302-8" title="Habitat selection of cave-restricted fauna in a new hotspot of subterranean biodiversity in Neotropics." url="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02302-8" volume="30" year="2021">Souza-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Most troglobitic species occurring in this cave remain undescribed, with descriptions already known for only seven of them: the beetle
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini & Ferreira" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Coarazuphium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coarazuphium caatinga" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caatinga">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Coarazuphium caatinga</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Pellegrini & Ferreira, 2014); the cricket
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Mello" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Erebonyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erebonyx catacumbae" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catacumbae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Erebonyx catacumbae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Mello & Ferreira, 2021); the palpigrade
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Souza & Ferreira" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Eukoeneniidae" genus="Allokoenenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allokoenenia canhembora" order="Palpigradi" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canhembora">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Allokoenenia canhembora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Souza & Ferreira, 2022); the centipedes
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Azara & Ferreira" authorityYear="2014" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Cryptops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptops spelaeoraptor" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spelaeoraptor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Cryptops spelaeoraptor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ázara">Azara</normalizedToken>
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& Ferreira, 2014a) and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Azara & Ferreira" authorityYear="2014" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopocryptopidae" genus="Newportia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Newportia spelaea" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spelaea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Newportia spelaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ázara">Azara</normalizedToken>
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& Ferreira, 2014b); the amphipod
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Koenemann & Holsinger" authorityYear="2000" class="Malacostraca" family="Artesiidae" genus="Spelaeogammarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spelaeogammarus trajanoae" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trajanoae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Spelaeogammarus trajanoae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Koenemann & Holsinger, 2000); and the isopod
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Calabozoidae" genus="Pongycarcinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pongycarcinia xyphidiorus" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xyphidiorus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">Pongycarcinia xyphidiorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="http://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2002.10531178" author="Messana, G" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="243 - 252" refId="B29" refString="Messana, G, Baratti, M, Benvenuti, D, 2002. Pongycarcinia xiphidiourus n. gen. n. sp., a new Brazilian Calabozoidae (Crustacea Isopoda). Tropical Zoology 15 (2): 243 - 252, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2002.10531178" title="Pongycarcinia xiphidiourus n. gen. n. sp., a new Brazilian Calabozoidae (Crustacea Isopoda)." url="http://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2002.10531178" volume="15" year="2002">Messana et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="127">
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Specimens of
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<taxonomicName genus="I." lsidName="I. leilae" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rank="species" species="leilae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">I. leilae</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
sp. nov. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. habitat A Toca do Goncalo cave entrance B cave floor in the inner portion of the cave, where specimens were found C water table at the cave lower level D adult specimen inside the cave, frontal view E adult specimen inside the cave, lateral view F diesel pump installed inside the cave in the 70 ' s G electric pump installed inside the cave in 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696184" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">4D, E</figureCitation>
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|
) were observed at the upper level in the first cave surveys, in the late 1990s. Several specimens were observed, especially near some old bat guano piles. At that moment, most of the lower level was filled with water. Hence, even the upper level was moist due to the influence of the high phreatic level on the whole cave atmosphere. However, local inhabitants use to draw water from the cave (as the region is quite dry) and this practice occurred for decades. This removal occurred manually at the beginning, but a diesel pump (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. habitat A Toca do Goncalo cave entrance B cave floor in the inner portion of the cave, where specimens were found C water table at the cave lower level D adult specimen inside the cave, frontal view E adult specimen inside the cave, lateral view F diesel pump installed inside the cave in the 70 ' s G electric pump installed inside the cave in 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696184" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">4F</figureCitation>
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) was installed inside the cave in the 1980s, drying out previously flooded areas (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3452.1.2" author="Prevorcnik, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="47 - 65" refId="B35" refString="Prevorcnik, S, Ferreira, LF, Sket, B, 2012. Brasileirinidae, a new isopod family (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the cave in Bahia (Brazil) with a discussion on its taxonomic position. Zootaxa 3452: 47 - 65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3452.1.2" title="Brasileirinidae, a new isopod family (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the cave in Bahia (Brazil) with a discussion on its taxonomic position." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3452.1.2" volume="3452" year="2012">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Prevorčnik">Prevorcnik</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
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|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.8207" author="Souza-Silva, M" journalOrPublisher="Subterranean Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B37" refString="Souza-Silva, M, Ferreira, RL, 2016. The first two hotspots of subterranean biodiversity in South America. Subterranean Biology 19: 1 - 21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.8207" title="The first two hotspots of subterranean biodiversity in South America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.8207" volume="19" year="2016">Souza-Silva and Ferreira 2016</bibRefCitation>
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|
). It is important to mention that the locals used to remove water from the cave once a week to fill up an external reservoir, hence the water table was persistent. However, in 2010, an electric pump employed by a local farmer for irrigation was installed in the cave (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Iansaoniscus leilae sp. nov. habitat A Toca do Goncalo cave entrance B cave floor in the inner portion of the cave, where specimens were found C water table at the cave lower level D adult specimen inside the cave, frontal view E adult specimen inside the cave, lateral view F diesel pump installed inside the cave in the 70 ' s G electric pump installed inside the cave in 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.43.81308.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/696184" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">4G</figureCitation>
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|
), leading to a pronounced reduction of at least two meters in the water table inside the cave. Even after the removal of this electric pump (in 2012) the water table reduction continued, since artesian wells were built up outside the cave, so the water demand persisted. During a visit to the cave in August 2013, a major reduction in the water level was observed (approximately 3 m compared to the
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="“pristine”">"pristine"</normalizedToken>
|
|
level - observed in the 1990s). In 2013, specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="I." lsidName="I. leilae" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rank="species" species="leilae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">I. leilae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. were no longer found in the upper level of the cave (that was extremely dry), being only observed on the moist substrates of the lower level, even though, in lower densities when compared to the first observations. In December 2018, in a visit to the cave, the whole water table was no longer observed, so previously inaccessible areas were explored, revealing the cave to be much longer than previously thought, and only a few cave-restricted species were observed. From the 22 previously observed troglobitic species, only two (one specimen of
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="I." lsidName="I. leilae" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rank="species" species="leilae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">I. leilae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., and one springtail) were observed in some moist areas located deep inside the cave in previously flooded areas. The single individual of
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="I." lsidName="I. leilae" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" rank="species" species="leilae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="127">I. leilae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. was found in a small piece of wood, apparently attracted by the organic compounds. It is important to mention that this species may be seriously threatened, as other cave-restricted species from the Toca do
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalo">Goncalo</normalizedToken>
|
|
cave. Urgent intervention by the competent environmental agency is needed to ensure the protection of this hotspot of subterranean biodiversity in South America, especially considering that even the most relevant caves can now be destroyed in Brazil (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bockmann, FA" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Ichthyology" pageId="0" pageNumber="127" publicationUrl="https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/decreto-n-10.935-de-12-de-janeiro-de-2022-373591582" refId="B8" refString="2022. . https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/decreto-n-10.935-de-12-de-janeiro-de-2022-373591582" url="https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/decreto-n-10.935-de-12-de-janeiro-de-2022-373591582" year="2022">Brasil 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |