170 lines
15 KiB
XML
170 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6112691" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1435ba4e-b912-4972-a471-dccbd75314de" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114926579" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6112691" ID-ZooBank="http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E71FDC0A-1211-480F-89A6-2F8BEB304592" checkinTime="1425549639861" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Sabrina Rochefort & Terry A. Wheeler" docDate="2015" docId="5C7B87F6FFA5FFF2FFD8AF9BFF4A7F01" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03925p240.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3925" docTitle="Parapiophila atrifrons" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="232" masterDocId="A042FF8EFFA6FFF1FFAEAE30FF8D7A01" masterDocTitle="Diversity of Piophilidae (Diptera) in northern Canada and description of a new Holarctic species of Parapiophila McAlpine" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="229" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1645048453225" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Diversity of Piophilidae (Diptera) in northern Canada and description of a new Holarctic species of Parapiophila McAlpine</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sabrina Rochefort</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Terry A. Wheeler</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3925</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>229</mods:start>
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<mods:end>240</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3925.2.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E71FDC0A-1211-480F-89A6-2F8BEB304592</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6112691" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114926579" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6112691" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C7B87F6FFA5FFF2FFD8AF9BFF4A7F01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C7B87F6FFA5FFF2FFD8AF9BFF4A7F01" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
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<subSubSection box="[118,541,427,447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph box="[118,541,427,447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
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<heading bold="true" box="[118,541,427,447]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" reason="0">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[118,541,427,447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
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<taxonomicName box="[118,329,427,447]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[118,329,427,447]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Parapiophila atrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Melander & Spuler)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
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<taxonomicName box="[118,260,482,499]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Piophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
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<emphasis box="[118,260,482,499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Piophila atrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Melander & Spuler, 1917: 66 (type locality: United States of America. Idaho: Troy).
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<emphasis box="[118,289,506,523]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
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<taxonomicName box="[118,289,506,523]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">Allopiophila calceata</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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Duda, 1924: 174 (type locality: Sweden: Gällivare and Abisko),
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[805,859,507,523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">syn. n.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[118,396,558,577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">NBP/NIS material examined.</emphasis>
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9 ♂, 9 ♀ from the following sites: Manitoba: Churchill; Northwest Territories: Norman Wells; Nunavut: Kugluktuk; Ontario: Moosonee; Quebec: Schefferville (vi.1952, 1962; vii.2010, vi–vii.2011; viii.1952) (CNC, LEM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,395,642,661]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Other material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[408,500,643,661]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Lectotype</emphasis>
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of
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<taxonomicName box="[533,632,642,661]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Piophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
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<emphasis box="[533,632,642,661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: 1 ♂ labelled Troy, Idaho, 14.vi.08, Paratype
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Piophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">Piophila atrifrons</taxonomicName>
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M-S, Lectoholotype
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<taxonomicName box="[379,475,671,690]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Piophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">P. atrifrons</taxonomicName>
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, d. G Steyskal 1963, Lectotype
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<taxonomicName box="[753,906,671,690]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Piophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">Piophila atrifrons</taxonomicName>
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Melander, Spuler, 1917: 66, by Steyskal, 1964: 177, det. A Ozerov, 2002 (USNM).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Paralectotypes: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Washington:</emphasis>
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Oroville, Paratype M.-S., Paralectotype, Melander et Spuler, 1917: 66, det. A.L. Ozerov 2003, USNM ENT 01071201, (1 ♀, USNM); Oroville, Type M.-S., Paralectotype, Melander et Spuler, 1917: 66, det. A.L. Ozerov 2003, USNM ENT 01071192, (1 ♀, USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,262,811,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[274,480,811,830]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
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<emphasis box="[274,480,811,830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Parapiophila atrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is widespread in northern Canada and the northern United States (Washington, Idaho, Maine) (Melander & Spuler 1917; McAlpine 1977). It is also known from the Palaearctic region (McAlpine 1977; Ozerov 2004b).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
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Steyskal (1964) suggested that
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<taxonomicName box="[428,616,896,914]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">
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<emphasis box="[428,616,896,914]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Allopiophila calceata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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might be conspecific with
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<taxonomicName box="[853,1051,896,915]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
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<emphasis box="[853,1051,896,915]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Parapiophila atrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but that examination of more specimens would be required. We examined 185 specimens of both species from CNC and LEM. The only reliable difference between
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<taxonomicName box="[503,601,952,971]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">
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<emphasis box="[503,601,952,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">A. calceata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[644,741,952,971]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
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<emphasis box="[644,741,952,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the shape of the tip of the pregonite: one round and one pointed tip in
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<taxonomicName box="[374,472,980,999]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
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<emphasis box="[374,472,980,999]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; two pointed tips in
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<taxonomicName box="[655,754,980,999]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">
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<emphasis box="[655,754,980,999]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">A. calceata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(McAlpine 1977). The male genitalia are otherwise identical, and the minor difference in the pregonite may not be enough to justify two species.
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<taxonomicName box="[118,345,1036,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidissima">
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<emphasis box="[118,345,1036,1055]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Parapiophila nitidissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Melander & Spuler) has variation in the shape of the pregonite tip (Steyskal 1975). There is variation in the colour of the fore tibia in some specimens, but such variation is seen in multiple species of
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<taxonomicName box="[210,327,1092,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[210,327,1092,1111]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Parapiophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.,
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<taxonomicName box="[382,475,1092,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis box="[382,475,1092,1111]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fallén),
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<taxonomicName authority="Holmgren" authorityName="Holmgren" box="[561,771,1092,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulviceps">
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<emphasis box="[561,660,1092,1111]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. fulviceps</emphasis>
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(Holmgren)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[780,886,1092,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" species="kugluktuk">
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<emphasis box="[780,886,1092,1111]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. kugluktuk</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
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In addition to morphological evidence, there was almost no divergence in DNA barcodes (658 bp of CO1) between five specimens of
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<taxonomicName box="[354,451,1149,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
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<emphasis box="[354,451,1149,1168]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[493,591,1149,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">
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<emphasis box="[493,591,1149,1167]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">A. calceata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Ontario, Quebec and the Northwest Territories in LEM (Barcode of Life Database numbers: BOLD LYMAA315–14, 316–14, 319–14, 320–14, 321–14) identified by S. Rochefort based on morphological characters and compared with types of
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<taxonomicName box="[776,874,1205,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
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<emphasis box="[776,874,1205,1224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and original descriptions of both species. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, we consider
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<taxonomicName box="[807,907,1233,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">
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<emphasis box="[807,907,1233,1252]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">A. calceata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |