245 lines
31 KiB
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245 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6112700" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1435ba4e-b912-4972-a471-dccbd75314de" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114926587" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6112700" ID-ZooBank="http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E71FDC0A-1211-480F-89A6-2F8BEB304592" checkinTime="1425549639861" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Sabrina Rochefort & Terry A. Wheeler" docDate="2015" docId="5C7B87F6FFA2FFF7FFD8AA59FC107FEB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03925p240.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3925" docTitle="Parapiophila kugluktuk Rochefort & Wheeler, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="235" masterDocId="A042FF8EFFA6FFF1FFAEAE30FF8D7A01" masterDocTitle="Diversity of Piophilidae (Diptera) in northern Canada and description of a new Holarctic species of Parapiophila McAlpine" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="229" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" updateTime="1645048453225" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Diversity of Piophilidae (Diptera) in northern Canada and description of a new Holarctic species of Parapiophila McAlpine</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sabrina Rochefort</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Terry A. Wheeler</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3925</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>229</mods:start>
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<mods:end>240</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3925.2.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E71FDC0A-1211-480F-89A6-2F8BEB304592</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6112700" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114926587" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6112700" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C7B87F6FFA2FFF7FFD8AA59FC107FEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C7B87F6FFA2FFF7FFD8AA59FC107FEB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="233" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
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<heading bold="true" box="[118,622,1129,1149]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" reason="0">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[118,622,1129,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
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<taxonomicName authority="Rochefort & Wheeler" authorityName="Rochefort & Wheeler" box="[118,560,1129,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kugluktuk">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[118,344,1129,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Parapiophila kugluktuk</emphasis>
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Rochefort & Wheeler
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[570,622,1129,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[124,204,1156,1175]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStart-2="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId-0="6.[118,195,997,1014]" captionStartId-1="7.[118,206,1041,1058]" captionStartId-2="8.[118,206,1272,1288]" captionTargetBox-0="[121,1117,492,976]" captionTargetBox-1="[129,1112,160,1014]" captionTargetBox-2="[127,1114,144,1254]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[118,1122,488,980]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[121,1119,150,1024]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[117,1122,132,1267]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of Parapiophila kugluktuk sp. n. in the Nearctic and Palaearctic (inset)." captionText-1="FIGURES 3 – 6. Parapiophila kugluktuk, colour variation. 3. Palaearctic specimen with yellow postpronotum (arrow). 4. Nearctic specimen with dark postpronotum. 5. Nearctic specimen with dark fore femur (arrow). 6. Nearctic specimen with pale fore femur." captionText-2="FIGURES 7 – 11. Parapiophila species, male genitalia. 7. Parapiophila kugluktuk, ventrolateral view. 8. Parapiophila kugluktuk, ventral view. 9. Parapiophila vulgaris, lateral view. 10. Parapiophila pseudovulgaris, distiphallus. 11. Parapiophila pseudovulgaris, lateral view." pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Figs 2–8</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[118,203,1213,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Holotype</emphasis>
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♂.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[241,438,1212,1231]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">CANADA. Nunavut:</emphasis>
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Kugluktuk (67.78463°, -115.2797°), Repl.1 mesic, Malaise, 4–10.viii.2010, NBP field party (LEM).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[352,651,1240,1259]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Paratypes. CANADA. Alberta:</emphasis>
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Kananaskis Field Stn (51°01'49"N, 115°02'01"W), Malaise, 13–23.ix.1998, M.A.P. Whittaker (1 ♂, LEM); same except Malaise in aspens, 3–10.ix.1998, S. Bouchard (1 ♂, LEM); same except (51°01'27"N, 115°01'26"W), Malaise in bog, 19–25.ix.1998, M.A.P. Whittaker (1 ♂, 1 ♀, LEM); Kananaskis, For. Exp. Sta. Seebe, 24.vii.1968, 30.vii.1968, H.J. Teskey (5 ♀, CNC); Seebe,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="variety" species="contorta" variety="latifolia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Pinus contorta</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis box="[235,305,1353,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">latifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 4.ix.1968, C. Comandra (1 ♀ CNC); Banff, Sulfur Mt. 7200', 28.vii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth (1 ♂, CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[216,389,1381,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">British Columbia:</emphasis>
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Lisadele L., 4000', 58°41', 133°04', 6.viii.1960, W.W. Moss (1 ♀, CNC); King Salmon L., 1750' (58°43', 132°54'), 4.viii.1960, R. Pilfrey (1 ♂, CNC); Atlin, 2200', 29.vii.1955, B.A. Gibbard (1 ♀, CNC); Summit L. Mi 392 Alaska Hwy, 4200', 27.vii.1959, 19–21.viii.1959, E. E. MacDougall (3 ♂, 6 ♀, CNC); same except 31.vii.1959, 19–21.viii.1959, R.E. Leech (1 ♂, 3 ♀, 1?, CNC); same except 4500', 2–4.vii.1959, 17–19.vii.1959 (1 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); same except 28.vii.1959, E.E. MacDougall (3 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); same except 17–19.vii.1959 (1 ♀, CNC); same except 4700', 15.vii.1959, R.E. Leech (1 ♂, CNC); same except 5000', 6.vii.1959 (1♂, CNC); same except E.E. MacDougall (2 ♂, CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[707,806,1550,1569]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Manitoba:</emphasis>
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Churchill, 3.ix.1948, L.A. Miller (1 ♂, CNC); Churchill (58.73235°, -93.79028°), Repl. 2, mesic, Malaise 1–5.vii.2010, NBP field party (2 ♂, 1 ♀, LEM); same except pan traps, 4–8.vii.2010 (1 ♂, LEM); Mile 500 Hudson Bay Railway, 3.viii.1952, J.G. Chillcott (1 ♀, CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[233,516,175,194]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Newfoundland and Labrador:</emphasis>
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Labrador, Hebron, 3.viii.1954, 11.viii.1954, J. F. McAlpine (10 ♂, 7 ♀, CNC); same except on
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<emphasis box="[366,410,203,222]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
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<taxonomicName box="[366,410,203,222]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, 5.viii.1954 (4 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Hebron, 15.vii.1954, 29.vii.1954, 12.viii.1954, 16.viii.1954, E.E. Sterns (6 ♂, 6 ♀, CNC); Nutak, 23.viii.1954, 24.viii.1954, J.F. McAlpine (11 ♀, CNC); same except 24.viii.1954, E.E. Sterns (1 ♀, CNC); Tessiujak Bay, Nagvak Fjord, 15.viii.1954, J.F. McAlpine (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); same except E.E. Sterns (1 ♂, CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[518,729,287,306]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Northwest Territories:</emphasis>
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Horton River (69°21'N, 126°49.8'W), white pan traps in tundra, 3–4.vii.2000, B. Brown (1 ♀, LEM); Horton River Camp 7 (68°23.4'N, 123°37.8'W), dung baited Malaise trap, 23–24.vii.2000, D. Currie, B. Brown (1 ♀, LEM), same except camp 2, (67°41.2'N, 122°39'W), Malaise, 18–19.vii.2000 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, LEM); Horton River Camp 16, (69°21'N, 126°49.8'W), Malaise in spruce grove, 3–4.viii.2000, B. Brown (1 ♂, 2 ♀, LEM); Reindeer Depot, Mackenzie Delta, 2.viii.1948, W.J. Brown (1 ♀, CNC); Boyd L., outlet (61°39'N, 103°40'W), 13.vii.1966, J.G. Chillcott (1 ♀, CNC); Exmouth L., (65°02'N, 115°54'W), 22.viii.1966, G.E. Shewell, M.T.S. Gravity Survey Camp (1 ♀, CNC); 21 m.e. Tuktoyaktuk, 17–21.vii.1971, D.M. Wood (2 ♂, CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[490,579,485,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Nunavut:</emphasis>
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Kugluktuk, (67.77639°, -115.30882°), Repl. 3, wet, Malaise, 7–12.vii.2010, 26.vii-2.viii.2010, NBP field party (1 ♂, 3 ♀, LEM); same except (67.78508°,-115.27573°), Repl.1, wet, 13–19.vii.2010, 4–10.viii.2010 (3 ♀, LEM); same except (67.78463°, -115.27979°), mesic, 13–19.vii.2010 (1 ♀, LEM); same except pan traps, 29.vii–4.viii.2010 (1 ♀, LEM); same except (67.83391°, -115.21410°), Repl. 2, wet, Malaise 19–26.vii.2010 (2 ♀, LEM); same except (67.83538°, -115.20987°), mesic (1 ♀, LEM); same except (67.77436°, -115.30732°), Repl. 3, 26.vii–02.viii.2010, 4–10.viii.2010 (3 ♂, 16 ♀, 1?, LEM); Bathurst Inl., Bay Chimo Harb., 16.viii.1966, G.E. Shewell, M.T.S Gravity Survey Camp (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[935,1013,653,672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Quebec:</emphasis>
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Payne Bay, 1.viii.1958, 2.viii.1958, W.R.M. Mason (2 ♂, CNC); same except 11.vii.1958, E.E. MacDougall (1 ♂, CNC); Gt. Whale R, 29.viii.1949, J. R. Vockeroth (1 ♂, CNC); Fort Chimo, 2.vii.1954, J.F. McAlpine (1 ♀, CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Yukon Territory:</emphasis>
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Dempster Hwy nr North Fork Pass, 1325m, (64.58353°, -138.26843°), Repl. 3, mesic, Malaise, 27.vi–1.vii.2011, NBP field party (1 ♂, LEM); same except 1180m, (64.59736°, -138.31009°), Repl. 2, wet, 24–27.vi.2011 (1 ♂, LEM); Dempster Hwy km 155, 1520m, 13–15.vii.1981, Lafontaine, G. & M. Wood (1 ♀, CNC); Dempster Hwy km 140.5, 900m, 1.viii.1980, Wood & Lafontaine (1 ♀, CNC); same except km 416, 750m, 22–28.vi.1980 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Dempster Hwy Mi 87, 27–30.vi.1973, G. & D.M. Wood (2 ♂, CNC); same except 4–8.viii.1973 (1 ♂, CNC); Whitehorse, 20.viii.1959, R. Madge (1 ♂, CNC); same except 5.vii.1948, Mason & Hughes (1 ♂, CNC); Herschel I., 24–25.vii.1971, W.R.M. Mason (1 ♀, CNC); 14mi. E. Dawson, 1300', 3.viii.1962, P.J. Skitsko (1 ♀, CNC); Ogilvie Mts., Mt. Klotz, on snowfield, (65°24'N, 140°06'W), 6–8.vii.1985, V. Behan-Pelletier (1 ♂, CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[403,835,962,981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Alaska:</emphasis>
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Umiat, 5.vii.1959, 6.vii.1959, 14.vii.1959, 20.vii.1959, 24.vii.1959, R. Madge (2 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC); same except 3.vii.1959, 16.vii.1959, J.E.H. Martin (2 ♀, CNC); Isabel Pass, Mi. 206 Richardson Hwy. 2900', 18.vii.1962, P.J. Skitsko (2 ♀, CNC), Mile 249 Richardson Hwy, 4.vii.1951, W.R.M. Mason (1 ♂, CNC); Unalakleet, 19.vi.1961, B.S. Heming (1 ♂, CNC); Mt. Fairplay, Mi. 32, Taylor Hwy, 3600', on
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<emphasis box="[482,539,1075,1093]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
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<taxonomicName box="[482,539,1075,1093]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Betula</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, 10.vii.1962, P.J. Skitsko (1 ♂, CNC); Rte 3, Mi. 270, 11 Mi. S. Anderson, Mal. FIT, Alder-Poplar-Spruce, 22.vi–11.viii.1984, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, CNC); same except 13.vi–11.viii.1984 (1 ♀, CNC); Rte 3, Mi 106, 36km. N. Willow, Trapper Creek,
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<emphasis box="[938,1053,1131,1150]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Picea-Betula</emphasis>
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forest, 23.vi–19.vii.1984, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀, CNC); Deering, 6.viii.1969. J. Matthews (1 ♀, CNC); same except 13.viii.1969 (1 ♀, CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[361,462,1187,1206]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">SWEDEN.</emphasis>
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Lapland, Abisko Ntl. Pk., 1km SE Lapp Museum, 420m (68°20'48"N 18°47'50"E), sweeping vegetation, 8.viii.2001, J. Savage (3 ♂, LEM); same except E shore of Vuolep Njakajaure, (68°21'N 18°47'E), 6.viii.2001 (1 ♂, 2 ♀, LEM); same except W shore of Lake Torneträsk, 340m (68°21.32'N 18°48.31'E), 4.vii.2001 (1 ♂, LEM); same except W bank Abiskojakka delta (68°21.56'N 18°47.04'E), 3.viii.2001 (1 ♀, LEM); Lapland, Abisko, 4.viii.1951, 7.viii.1951, 12.viii.1951, 19.viii.1951, J.R. Vockeroth (4 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC) (
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<figureCitation box="[125,178,1328,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[118,195,997,1014]" captionTargetBox="[121,1117,492,976]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[118,1122,488,980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of Parapiophila kugluktuk sp. n. in the Nearctic and Palaearctic (inset)." pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[155,1050,1356,1375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" type="etymology">
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<paragraph box="[155,1050,1356,1375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,261,1357,1375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species name is a noun in apposition based on Kugluktuk, Nunavut, the type locality.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="234" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,251,1384,1403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[258,468,1384,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kugluktuk">
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<emphasis box="[258,468,1384,1403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Parapiophila kugluktuk</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from other species of the genus by the mostly yellow legs, large amount of yellow on the head and (usually) some yellow on abdominal syntergite 1+2. The male genitalia are also distinctive.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" type="description">
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,269,1468,1488]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Description.</emphasis>
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Body length 2.7–3.7 mm; wing length 2.8–3.7 mm. Body entirely metallic black with yellow on head, legs and small portions of abdomen and thorax (variable) (
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<figureCitation box="[693,773,1497,1516]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="7.[118,206,1041,1058]" captionTargetBox="[129,1112,160,1014]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[121,1119,150,1024]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Parapiophila kugluktuk, colour variation. 3. Palaearctic specimen with yellow postpronotum (arrow). 4. Nearctic specimen with dark postpronotum. 5. Nearctic specimen with dark fore femur (arrow). 6. Nearctic specimen with pale fore femur." pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Figs 3–6</figureCitation>
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); setae and hairs black.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[987,1045,1497,1516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Head:</emphasis>
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Head as long as high; eyes round, vertical height of eye about three times genal height; cheek, face, palpus and antenna yellow, third antennal segment shaded black, frons yellow except for fronto-orbital plate, ocellar triangle and occiput metallic black; some specimens with yellowish fronto-orbital plate; short hairs sometimes present on fronto-orbital plate, ocellar triangle, occiput, gena and frons; 2 fronto-orbitals (upper no more than twice as long as lower), 1 ocellar, 1 postocellar, 1 inner and 1 outer vertical setae; postocellar setae 1.3 times length of vertical setae; ocellar setae as long as vertical setae; inner and outer vertical setae of equal length.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[913,990,204,222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Metallic black except meron and metapleuron dull black; postpronotum and surrounding area yellow in Palaearctic specimens (
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<figureCitation box="[125,179,259,278]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="7.[118,206,1041,1058]" captionTargetBox="[129,1112,160,1014]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[121,1119,150,1024]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Parapiophila kugluktuk, colour variation. 3. Palaearctic specimen with yellow postpronotum (arrow). 4. Nearctic specimen with dark postpronotum. 5. Nearctic specimen with dark fore femur (arrow). 6. Nearctic specimen with pale fore femur." pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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), black or light brown in Nearctic specimens (
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<figureCitation box="[608,690,259,278]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="7.[118,206,1041,1058]" captionTargetBox="[129,1112,160,1014]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[121,1119,150,1024]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Parapiophila kugluktuk, colour variation. 3. Palaearctic specimen with yellow postpronotum (arrow). 4. Nearctic specimen with dark postpronotum. 5. Nearctic specimen with dark fore femur (arrow). 6. Nearctic specimen with pale fore femur." pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Figs 4–6</figureCitation>
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); scutum with 1 postpronotal, 2 notopleurals, 1 postalar, 1 intra-alar and 1 postsutural dorsocentral setae; more than 10 rows of acrostichal setulae; weak setae on lower margin of proepisternum; katepisternum with 2–4 weak setae on upper margin; scutellum bare, with 2 pairs of marginal setae.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[280,332,344,362]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Legs:</emphasis>
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Coxae yellow; femora and tibiae entirely yellow except for brown shading on fore femur in some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[293,372,372,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="7.[118,206,1041,1058]" captionTargetBox="[129,1112,160,1014]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[121,1119,150,1024]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Parapiophila kugluktuk, colour variation. 3. Palaearctic specimen with yellow postpronotum (arrow). 4. Nearctic specimen with dark postpronotum. 5. Nearctic specimen with dark fore femur (arrow). 6. Nearctic specimen with pale fore femur." pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
); fore tarsus black; mid and hind tarsi yellow except for black tarsal segments 4 and 5; segments 2 and 3 sometimes shaded black.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[502,560,400,419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Wing:</emphasis>
|
||
Hyaline with yellowish/brown veins; halter and calypter white.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[118,217,428,447]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Abdomen entirely metallic black, syntergite 1+2 sometimes yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption box="[118,980,997,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" targetBox="[121,1117,492,976]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph box="[118,980,997,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[118,214,997,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[434,621,997,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kugluktuk">
|
||
<emphasis box="[434,621,997,1014]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Parapiophila kugluktuk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[626,671,997,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[626,671,997,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the Nearctic and Palaearctic (inset).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,299,1073,1092]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Epandrium with strong bristles on posteroventral margin; surstylus longer than high, with straight ventral margin and ventral patch of setae; pregonite with rounded lateral lobe and triangular medial lobe; postgonite 3–4 times longer than wide with rounded ventral tip; basiphallus triangular; distiphallus long, bare, with folded end; cerci small, oval (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[378,458,1157,1176]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="8.[118,206,1272,1288]" captionTargetBox="[127,1114,144,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[117,1122,132,1267]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Parapiophila species, male genitalia. 7. Parapiophila kugluktuk, ventrolateral view. 8. Parapiophila kugluktuk, ventral view. 9. Parapiophila vulgaris, lateral view. 10. Parapiophila pseudovulgaris, distiphallus. 11. Parapiophila pseudovulgaris, lateral view." pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="235" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,262,1185,1204]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[270,480,1185,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kugluktuk">
|
||
<emphasis box="[270,480,1185,1204]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Parapiophila kugluktuk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
keys to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[563,759,1185,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[563,759,1185,1204]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Parapiophila vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(couplet 12) in McAlpine’s (1977) key.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[118,325,1213,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kugluktuk">
|
||
<emphasis box="[118,325,1213,1232]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Parapiophila kugluktuk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,535,1213,1232]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[441,535,1213,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">P. vulgaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in that the mid and hind femora and tibiae are yellow, and the fore tarsus, and sometimes fore femur, are black. Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[588,694,1241,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" species="kugluktuk">
|
||
<emphasis box="[588,694,1241,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">P. kugluktuk</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack two teeth on the posterior margin of sternite 6 that are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[310,407,1270,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[310,407,1270,1288]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[421,477,1270,1289]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="8.[118,206,1272,1288]" captionTargetBox="[127,1114,144,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[117,1122,132,1267]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Parapiophila species, male genitalia. 7. Parapiophila kugluktuk, ventrolateral view. 8. Parapiophila kugluktuk, ventral view. 9. Parapiophila vulgaris, lateral view. 10. Parapiophila pseudovulgaris, distiphallus. 11. Parapiophila pseudovulgaris, lateral view." pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[497,756,1270,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudovulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[497,756,1270,1288]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Parapiophila pseudovulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ozerov also keys to this couplet and is similar to
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,415,1298,1316]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[208,415,1298,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kugluktuk">Parapiophila kugluktuk</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. These two species differ in that
|
||
<emphasis box="[709,816,1298,1316]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[709,816,1298,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" species="kugluktuk">P. kugluktuk</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
usually has syntergite 1+2 yellow. The distiphallus of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[292,448,1326,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudovulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[292,448,1326,1345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">P. pseudovulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger in diameter than that of
|
||
<emphasis box="[752,860,1326,1345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[752,860,1326,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" species="kugluktuk">P. kugluktuk</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and is hairy (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[986,1052,1326,1345]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="8.[118,206,1272,1288]" captionTargetBox="[127,1114,144,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[117,1122,132,1267]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Parapiophila species, male genitalia. 7. Parapiophila kugluktuk, ventrolateral view. 8. Parapiophila kugluktuk, ventral view. 9. Parapiophila vulgaris, lateral view. 10. Parapiophila pseudovulgaris, distiphallus. 11. Parapiophila pseudovulgaris, lateral view." pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). These three species should be identified with caution because of intraspecific colour variation within species. Some
|
||
<emphasis box="[118,311,1382,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[118,311,1382,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Parapiophila vulgaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
specimens may have pale legs and may be mistaken for
|
||
<emphasis box="[804,907,1382,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[804,907,1382,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" species="kugluktuk">P. kugluktuk</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis box="[938,1093,1382,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[938,1093,1382,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudovulgaris">P. pseudovulgaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. In addition, some
|
||
<emphasis box="[253,360,1410,1429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[253,360,1410,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" species="kugluktuk">P. kugluktuk</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
specimens have syntergite 1+2 dark, in which case, they look similar to the two other species. Dissection of male genitalia is recommended to reliably identify the three species (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[919,1009,1438,1457]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="8.[118,206,1272,1288]" captionTargetBox="[127,1114,144,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[117,1122,132,1267]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Parapiophila species, male genitalia. 7. Parapiophila kugluktuk, ventrolateral view. 8. Parapiophila kugluktuk, ventral view. 9. Parapiophila vulgaris, lateral view. 10. Parapiophila pseudovulgaris, distiphallus. 11. Parapiophila pseudovulgaris, lateral view." pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Figs 7–11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<emphasis box="[118,212,1466,1485]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[118,212,1466,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">P. vulgaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with dark legs can be distinguished from female
|
||
<emphasis box="[648,755,1466,1485]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[648,755,1466,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" species="kugluktuk">P. kugluktuk</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[799,955,1466,1485]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[799,955,1466,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudovulgaris">P. pseudovulgaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which never have mostly black legs. Otherwise, females of the three species should be identified with caution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |