417 lines
38 KiB
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417 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76677" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9317a364-c02a-46d8-b2f0-c076cefb5079" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191943067" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="93420E5583855C58A9BC6AECC80F6B60" ID-ZooBank="CA75C8DB013E42D3920F654890CAFCAC" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:893A7CA0-CFB1-4687-960B-24D54B863C6C" ModsDocID="1860-0743-98-1-1" checkinTime="1641658284884" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pett, Brogan L., Rubio, Gonzalo D. & Perger, Robert" docDate="2022" docId="DD5C32F4E1025FB18B58B18AA270A099" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 98(1): 1-11" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (1)" docPubDate="2022-01-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76677" docTitle="Grismadox Pett & Rubio & Perger 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="893A7CA0-CFB1-4687-960B-24D54B863C6C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="93420E5583855C58A9BC6AECC80F6B60" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="93420E5583855C58A9BC6AECC80F6B60" masterDocTitle="Grismadox gen. nov., a new Neotropical genus of ant-resembling spiders (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae), including the description of two new species from Bolivia and Paraguay" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1641664037422" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Grismadox gen. nov., a new Neotropical genus of ant-resembling spiders (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae), including the description of two new species from Bolivia and Paraguay</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pett, Brogan L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0461-3715</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Coleccion Cientifica Para La Tierra, 321 Mariscal Estigarribia, Pilar, Neembucu, Paraguay & Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR 10 9 FE, UK & SpiDivERse, Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation (BINCO), Walmersumstraat 44, 3380 Glabbeek, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">brogan.pett@outlook.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rubio, Gonzalo D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4223-2980</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Cerro Azul, Misiones, Argentina & Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul (EEA CA, INTA), Cerro Azul, Misiones, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perger, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-9638</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Coleccion Boliviana de Fauna, La Paz, Bolivia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-01-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>98</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>11</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76677</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.76677</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">CA75C8DB013E42D3920F654890CAFCAC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">93420E5583855C58A9BC6AECC80F6B60</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191943067" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:893A7CA0-CFB1-4687-960B-24D54B863C6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD5C32F4E1025FB18B58B18AA270A099" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/893A7CA0-CFB1-4687-960B-24D54B863C6C" authority="Pett & Rubio & Perger, 2022" authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Grismadox</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox karugua" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="karugua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox karugua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The genus name is a patronym in honor of Cristian Grismado, arachnologist of Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". The letter
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘x’">'x'</normalizedToken>
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is taken from the suffix of the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Mazax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazax" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mazax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with which
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. shares some characteristics. Gender is masculine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. can be separated from all other castianeirine genera by the combination of: (i) COs anterior to ST, (ii) male palp with two distinct RTAs, (iii) an embolus with several coils, (iv) a relatively continuous (not constricted) carapace, and (v) an elongated abdomen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparisons.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Considering carapace and abdomen shape, arrangement and number of tibia I spines, and the petiolated pedicel,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. is morphologically intermediate between
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecotypus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Mazax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazax" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mazax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.64766" author="Perger, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="273 - 280" refId="B13" refString="Perger, R, Duperre, N, 2021. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov. - a new ground-dwelling, carpenter ant-resembling sac spider species from the Bolivian orocline, with indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 273 - 280, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.64766" title="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov. - a new ground-dwelling, carpenter ant-resembling sac spider species from the Bolivian orocline, with indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.64766" volume="97" year="2021">
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Perger and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dupérré">Duperre</normalizedToken>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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for comments on
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. mazaxoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. mazaxoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. nov.). Particularly the carapace shape, elongated and constricted abdomen, and the sclerotized second pair of pedicellate setae indicate species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. are closely related to those of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Mazax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazax" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mazax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Mazax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazax" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mazax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have AME smaller than ALE, a distinctly elongated and rugose petiole and COs posterior to ST I.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. can be reliably differentiated from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecotypus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Mazax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazax" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mazax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and other Neotropical castianeirines, by markedly different copulatory structures: embolus with an irregularly multi-coiled screw shape at its apex, coupled with two conspicuous retrolateral apophyses on the palpal tibia, and copulatory openings anterior to the secondary spermathecae.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leister & Miller" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus jasmineae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jasmineae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecotypus jasmineae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Leister & Miller, 2014a is the only species of the genus with an embolus with several coils (female not known) (cf.
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<bibRefCitation author="Reiskind, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="163 - 325" refId="B21" refString="Reiskind, J, 1969. The spider subfamily Castianeirinae of North and Central America (Araneae, Clubionidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 138 (5): 163 - 325" title="The spider subfamily Castianeirinae of North and Central America (Araneae, Clubionidae)." volume="138" year="1969">Reiskind 1969</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.4.8" author="Leister, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="495 - 500" refId="B7" refString="Leister, M, Miller, K, 2014a. A new species of ant mimicking spider, Myrmecotypus jasmineae (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae), from Nicaragua. Zootaxa 3838 (4): 495 - 500, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.4.8" title="A new species of ant mimicking spider, Myrmecotypus jasmineae (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae), from Nicaragua." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.4.8" volume="3838" year="2014 a">Leister and Miller 2014a</bibRefCitation>
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; Pett 2021), but it lacks distinct RTAs and an elongate abdomen.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. have elongate abdomens and are ground-dwelling, in contrast with the subglobose abdomens and arboreal habits as in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecotypus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Additionally,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecotypus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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does not have the second pair of pedicellate setae sclerotized into spines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. and some species of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Castianeira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Castianeira" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castianeira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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share the multi-coiled embolus tip and elongated abdomens. However,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Castianeira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Castianeira" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castianeira</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have straight to procurved AER, COs posterior to ST II, and are without dRTA (although some do have a vRTA or a ventral retrolateral protrusion).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. shares the general habitus, the arrangement of the eyes with the wide and recurved posterior row, strong dorsal scutum on a constricted abdomen with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pavesi" authorityYear="1881" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Apochinomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apochinomma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Apochinomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but can be easily distinguished from this genus by not having a pronounced abdominal petiole a lower number of anterior tibial spines (in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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2-2, 3-2 or 3-3, in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pavesi" authorityYear="1881" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Apochinomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apochinomma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Apochinomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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4-4 or 5-5).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Some species of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecium" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Perty" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Sphecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecotypus niger" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sphecotypus niger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Perty, 1833) have male palps with an embolus with several coils and distinct RTAs. Additionally, a few species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecium" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have anterior positioned COs. However, these genera have a very distinctly constricted carapace (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3814.1.10" author="Leister, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="146 - 150" refId="B8" refString="Leister, M, Miller, K, 2014b. First description of the male of Sphecotypus niger (Perty, 1833), with notes on behavioral and morphological mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 3814 (1): 146 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3814.1.10" title="First description of the male of Sphecotypus niger (Perty, 1833), with notes on behavioral and morphological mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3814.1.10" volume="3814" year="2014 b">Leister and Miller 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4230.1.1" author="Candiani, DF" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 95" refId="B2" refString="Candiani, DF, Bonaldo, AB, 2017. The superficial ant: a revision of the Neotropical ant-mimicking spider genus Myrmecium Latreille, 1824 (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4230 (1): 1 - 95, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4230.1.1" title="The superficial ant: a revision of the Neotropical ant-mimicking spider genus Myrmecium Latreille, 1824 (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4230.1.1" volume="4230" year="2017">Candiani and Bonaldo 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Other genera with a recurved PER and elongate abdomens include the misplaced Afrotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1880" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Corinnomma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corinnomma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Corinnomma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Karsch, 1880 (Haddad 2006; Raven 2015), but
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. has a strongly recurved PER vs. slight, and dRTA and vRTA on the male palpal tibia (vs. absent in those
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1880" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Corinnomma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Corinnomma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Corinnomma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.). The monotypic Solomon Islands endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raven" authorityYear="2015" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Melanesotypus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanesotypus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Melanesotypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Raven, 2015 shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. a recurved PER and anterior lateral extremities of carapace subtruncate in females, but has a subglobose abdomen as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecotypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raven" authorityYear="2015" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Melanesotypus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanesotypus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Melanesotypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a paracymbial spine on the palp of males, no RTAs, in addition to a wide embolic ridge that arises prolaterally leading into a broad sweeping embolus (Raven 2015), all absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Small, slender spiders with adults between 3.17 mm and 6.20 mm total length. Carapace generally ellipsoid, truncated at posterior margin, with distinct subrectangular cephalic region (more rectangular in females). Carapace sloping very gently towards highest point, at posterior half of the fovea. PER wider than AER, recurved; eyes subequal, with AMEs only slightly larger than ALEs, maximally about 1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter of ALEs; AER recurved. Sternum shield-shaped, between 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
to 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, widest between coxa I and II, anterior ridge of sternum truncated to weakly recurved. Abdomen ovoid, longer than wide, drop-shaped in males, pear-shaped (broader posteriorly) in females. Second pair of pedicellate setae thickened into spines. Abdomen constricted at around 1/3 its length. Ventral sclerite present in males, rectangular and covering around
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
total length of venter, just posterior to epigastric sclerite, absent in females. Palpal tibia wider than long, with two RTAs, vRTA disto- laterally oriented at between 10'30 to 11'o clock position and longer, dRTA more distally oriented and shorter. Cymbium with basal retrolateral groove that mirrors angle of vRTA. Sperm duct with convoluted median basal loop and more distal wider retrolateral loop. Embolus screw-like, with between two-and-a-half and five clear irregularly to tightly spaced coils before tapering to embolic apex, apex varies from translucent and relatively blunter (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. karugua" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="karugua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. karugua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.) to well-sclerotized and sharp (all other species). Epigynal plate well-sclerotized. Epigyne relatively simple, ST conspicuous and dark, CO situated anterior to ST, ranging from far anterior (
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. karugua" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="karugua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. karugua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. mazaxoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to anterolateral (
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. mboitui" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mboitui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. mboitui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Both ST spherical. ST II larger than ST I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="composition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Composition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox baueri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baueri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox baueri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox karugua" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="karugua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox karugua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (type species),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pett & Rubio & Perger" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Perger & Duperre" baseAuthorityYear="2021" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox mazaxoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mazaxoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox mazaxoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Perger &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Duperré">Duperre</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2021) comb. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="comb. nov. (Pett" authorityYear="2021" family="Corinnidae" genus="Grismadox" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Grismadox mboitui" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mboitui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grismadox mboitui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pett, 2021) comb. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Geographical and ecological distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The species of this genus are currently known from the Humid Chaco in southwestern Paraguay and two savanna locations in the area of Chiquitano dry forest and Moxos Plains Flooded Savannas in Bolivia. Judging from observations of live individuals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.64766" author="Perger, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="273 - 280" refId="B13" refString="Perger, R, Duperre, N, 2021. Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov. - a new ground-dwelling, carpenter ant-resembling sac spider species from the Bolivian orocline, with indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1): 273 - 280, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.64766" title="Myrmecotypus mazaxoides sp. nov. - a new ground-dwelling, carpenter ant-resembling sac spider species from the Bolivian orocline, with indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.64766" volume="97" year="2021">
|
||
Perger and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dupérré">Duperre</normalizedToken>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the occurrence in pitfall samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. mboitui" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mboitui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. mboitui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4999.1.5" author="Pett, BL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="77 - 86" refId="B17" refString="Pett, BL, 2021a. Description of a new species of Myrmecotypus (Araneae: Corinnidae, Castianeirinae), the first of its genus known from Paraguay, with an updated key to species. Zootaxa 4999 (1): 77 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4999.1.5" title="Description of a new species of Myrmecotypus (Araneae: Corinnidae, Castianeirinae), the first of its genus known from Paraguay, with an updated key to species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4999.1.5" volume="4999" year="2021 a">Pett 2021a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. karugua" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="karugua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. karugua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. (this paper), species of this genus appear to be epigeal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material examined for comparison.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rubio & Danisman" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Mazax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mazax ramirezi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramirezi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mazax ramirezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rubio &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Danişman">Danisman</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2014: 1185, figs 1A-F, 2A-D, 3A-F, 4A-G, 5A-F (Paratypes ♂ and ♀ from Argentina: Buenos Aires, Campana, January 1998, Fuentes & Di Iorio leg (MACN-Ar 30733/30734).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perger & Rubio" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus haddadi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haddadi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecotypus haddadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Perger & Rubio, 2021. Holotype ♂ from Bolivia: Santa Cruz department, Santa Cruz de la Colina, Urubo (-17.760833, -63.24), 432 m a.s.l., 21 Dec 2019, R. Perger leg. (ZMH-A0015356). Paratypes: 1 ♂, same data as holotype (ZMH-A0015357). 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Santa Maria la Antigua (-17.3719, -63.6563), 13 Apr 2018, R. Perger leg. (IBSI-Ara 1463).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus rubrofemoratus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrofemoratus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecotypus rubrofemoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Perger & Rubio, 2021. Holotype ♂ (IBSI-Ara 1507) and ♀ allotype (IBSI-Ara 1467): Bolivia: Santa Cruz department, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.469167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.469168">-17.469167</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63.6925" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-63.6925">-63.6925</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 20-22 Jan 2016, R. Perger leg. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 1 ♀ (IBSI-Ara), 3 ♀ (CBF).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perger & Rubio" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus tahyinandu" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tahyinandu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecotypus tahyinandu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Perger & Rubio, 2020. Holotype ♂ from Bolivia: Santa Cruz department:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andrés">Andres</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ibáñez">Ibanez</normalizedToken>
|
||
province, La Guardia (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.8830" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-17.883">-17.8830</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63.3177" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-63.3177">-63.3177</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 9 Sep 2015, R. Perger leg. (IBSI-Ara1469). Paratypes: Santa Cruz department:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andrés">Andres</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ibáñez">Ibanez</normalizedToken>
|
||
province: 1 ♂, 3 ♀, same location as holotype, between Sep 2015 and Jan 2017 (IBSI-Ara1465). 5 ♂, 6 ♀, same location as holotype, between Sep 2015 and Jan 2017 (CBF). 4 ♂, 5 ♀, Cotoca (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.7736" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-17.7736">-17.7736</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63.065" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-63.065">-63.065</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 11 Jul 2018, R. Perger leg. (CBF). 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Santa Cruz de la Colina (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.758889" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.758888">-17.758889</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63.241667" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-63.24167">-63.241667</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 3 Mar 2019, R. Perger leg. (CBF); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Arroyo Urubo (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.7575" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-17.7575">-17.7575</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63.251667" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-63.251667">-63.251667</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 15 Feb 2020, R. Perger leg. (CBF); Lomas de Arena (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.925" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-17.925">-17.925</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63.160833" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-63.16083">-63.160833</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 14 Feb 2020, R. Perger leg. (CBF). Santa Cruz department: Ichilo province: 1 ♂, Cafetal (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.468333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.468332">-17.468333</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63.700278" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-63.70028">-63.700278</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 20-22 Jan 2016, R. Perger leg. (CBF).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rubio & Arbino" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Myrmecotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecotypus iguazu" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iguazu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrmecotypus iguazu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rubio & Arbino, 2009. Holotype ♂ (MACN-Ar 19708) and allotype ♀ (MACN-Ar 19709) from Argentina: Misiones Province,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iguazú">Iguazu</normalizedToken>
|
||
National Park (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-25.683332">25°41'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-54.433334">54°26'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 8 January 2009, G. Rubio and M. Arbino leg. Paratypes: same locality, 15 January 2005, G. Rubio leg., 1 ♂ (CARTROUNNE 7818); same locality, 8 January 2009, G. Rubio and M. Arbino leg. 1 ♂ (CDA 000.806), 3 ♀ (CDA 000.807, CDA 000.808, CDA 000.810), 1 ♀ (MLP 17926); same locality, 20 January 2005, G. Rubio leg. 1 ♂ (CDA 000.811); Misiones Province,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Urugua-í">Urugua-i</normalizedToken>
|
||
Wildlife Reserve (25°59'S, 54°05'W), 7 March 2009, G. Rubio leg., 1 ♀ (CDA 000.809).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |