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<document id="14976B667224E515E6163F76182B7F63" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d4ebdf82-dfb9-4a52-ad56-3ca19d8bab7e" ModsDocAuthor="Huber, Bernhard A." ModsDocDate="2009" ModsDocID="zt01970p068" ModsDocOrigin="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/zt01970p068/zt01970p068.pdf" ModsDocTitle="Four new generic and 14 new specific synonymies in Pholcidae, and transfer of Pholcoides Roewer to Filistatidae (Araneae)" checkinTime="1315973294712" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Huber, Bernhard A." docDate="2009" docId="8D7DE08A371D1F74ACE95D9CAF08E7AE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01970p068_2_gg2_tx.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1970" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/zt01970p068/zt01970p068.pdf" docTitle="Micropholcus fauroti" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="A3E94EA00DA860E6D5075BA33E9F83AB" masterDocTitle="Four new generic and 14 new specific synonymies in Pholcidae, and transfer of Pholcoides Roewer to Filistatidae (Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="64" pageNumber="66" updateTime="1701313793623" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="048708176076F82167C9ED928B28C964">Four new generic and 14 new specific synonymies in Pholcidae, and transfer of Pholcoides Roewer to Filistatidae (Araneae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="8D7DE08A371D1F74ACE95D9CAF08E7AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225655" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100113931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225655" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8D7DE08A371D1F74ACE95D9CAF08E7AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D7DE08A371D1F74ACE95D9CAF08E7AE" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
<subSubSection id="06FC2CEF2044A4744C50F6F7E3A97451" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D90818FDCFB54D0F2202CF50DA3BBDBB" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="3B123691603559EAC28E7BDDB72E4B36" ID-CoL="43384" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauroti">Micropholcus fauroti</taxonomicName>
(Simon, 1887)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CF6220DB17741E6D6D356E37E6550B01" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FB0B03FAA678F40BE688DD4A03847F2D" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="9FC153917405409F58A782874B4185EF" genus="Mariguitaia" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="divergentis">Mariguitaia divergentis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="0A8EFBC9647DE7124C0D7ACBB0153606" originalValue="González-Sponga" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
, 2004: 64-67; pl. 1, figs. 1-9; new synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="947409880E1E06F7559413978F3EBC2C" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="69BAD234FFE16C12805F671C9CB15E22" genus="Mariguitaia" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="museorum">Mariguitaia museorum</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="CDD2961604B84033E367795E4A125BE1" originalValue="González-Sponga" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
, 2004: 68-70; pl. 2, figs. 1-9; new synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43B63756AE82E0D09DCC3E0B57D6E817" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="5165555B34A49647FF3884CE0578FC09" genus="Mariguitaia" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="neoespartana">Mariguitaia neoespartana</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="8FF269A615C0BA530E28CC8D59DC8545" originalValue="González-Sponga" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
, 2004: 70-72; pl. 3, figs. 1-9; new synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="099E90D9FBC0CDA03DD4B6C8574D60A4" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4A979B429E787EE909C61745308D37F1" genus="Mariguitaia" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="sucrensis">Mariguitaia sucrensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="15ED396AAAB8B37525141886D6CAA5BC" originalValue="González-Sponga" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
, 2004: 72-75; pl. 4, figs. 1-7; new synonymy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340A00530922E553D469A36A820EF04" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BDDE88888201EF9A06E936475F15D912" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
Justification of synonymies. Two lines of evidence strongly support the synonymies: the characters used by
<normalizedToken id="E6D434B832687B9E73302BE067AF42AF" originalValue="González-" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
(2004) to diagnose the species, and the microhabitats of the
<normalizedToken id="75321323CFD3DC1C823CA10EC7B1B0AF" originalValue="“new”" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">&quot;new&quot;</normalizedToken>
species. Biogeographic data support the conclusions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D914FD74FECAEFD591EB4240DF1E6B3F" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
Characters. As for
<taxonomicName id="3EBED8560C9983E4E6AD249D81C46280" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tibiosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tibiosa</taxonomicName>
above, most of
<normalizedToken id="996601B1F51181DEC0558B7EA8E95FE0" originalValue="González-Sponga’s" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga's</normalizedToken>
(2004) drawings of the palps are good enough to immediately hint at
<taxonomicName id="46912454C4F6ED4083F729B9DC4A2863" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" genus.bestMatchDistance="495" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauroti">M. fauroti</taxonomicName>
(drawings in Millot 1941, 1946, Deeleman-Reinhold &amp; Prinsen 1987, Saaristo 2001, Beatty et al. 2008). The retrolateral views all show the characteristic dorsal hinged process of the procursus. No comparable structure exists in any other known pholcid. More difficult to interpret are the prolateral views, especially the bulbal projections. In
<taxonomicName id="1F07AAFD844C93228A5076FC75CCB15B" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" genus.bestMatchDistance="542" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauroti">M. fauroti</taxonomicName>
, the bulb bears several very complex projections that are partly sclerotized and partly transparent. This, together with the small size (about 0.2 mm) makes these projections difficult to understand. Nevertheless, the drawings all show the principal lines seen in
<taxonomicName id="F62D19BB163232C7AF3DE8E5D19B3B7C" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" genus.bestMatchDistance="493" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauroti">M. fauroti</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D56526E2B26DE7E18C3F2C0777C71A60" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
Among the drawings of the male chelicerae, only the one in plate 3 comes very close to the actual situation in
<taxonomicName id="2A1FEC7D9F5C50E2C430BA920D569479" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" genus.bestMatchDistance="467" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauroti">M. fauroti</taxonomicName>
, with one pair of distal and two pairs of proximal projections. In all other drawings, the lateral proximal pair is missing. These proximal apophyses are difficult to see unless the chelicerae are detached from the specimen. The drawing in plate 1 suggests that
<normalizedToken id="8736F89F85EBF41737CA507D4B761494" originalValue="González-Sponga" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
did not detach the chelicerae: it shows the chelicerae together with the palpal endites, erroneously fused into a single structure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CFF00AAF253651237758474684FD2FB4" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
The epigynum of
<taxonomicName id="F77142B70ADC5A46FF16F2BE23AF8233" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" genus.bestMatchDistance="389" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauroti">M. fauroti</taxonomicName>
is an externally simple oval plate with a transparent knob on its posterior border. The most distinctive feature is a median crescent-shaped internal structure visible through the cuticle. This is shown in all epigynal drawings in
<normalizedToken id="4D9FB16CE3159DCFB7DD76AB951E5FEE" originalValue="González-Sponga" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
(2004). Lateral structures of similar shape but variable size (as in plates 2 and 3) are more or less visible in most
<taxonomicName id="B60D8F08717FBC7792DC1399D08BAC06" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" genus.bestMatchDistance="320" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauroti">M. fauroti</taxonomicName>
females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="955D66012953BB1660F5D8E0A416C26F" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
All species diagnoses in
<normalizedToken id="4F48CB24972C8511DD4F95ACFD7A3698" originalValue="González-Sponga" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
(2004) include measurements, but in which sense these are supposed to be diagnostic is not stated. All measures are clearly within the range of
<taxonomicName id="95B2250F5B464E5248B2E4269FEB739C" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" genus.bestMatchDistance="282" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauroti">M. fauroti</taxonomicName>
(e.g. tibia 1 length: 22 males from around the world: 5.0-7.0 mm, 39 females: 4.4-5.6; unpublished data). The four males and three females measured by
<normalizedToken id="6E4525A61E4000138C219E4C25A6B7FE" originalValue="González-Sponga" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
(2004) are in fact surprisingly similar (e.g. tibia 1 length, males: 5.7-6.2 mm, females: 4.8-5.1). As for carapace shape and eye positions, see
<taxonomicName id="DE2E1BC06B4068C02D7E7DAF37FCDC7D" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tibiosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tibiosa</taxonomicName>
above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AC6FB7D6827BEBCC47E713FCE6C730E0" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
Finally, one surprising character emphasized by
<normalizedToken id="EE9F4302F833194FDB674B9AF3EF4E4E" originalValue="González-Sponga" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
(2004) is the single trichobothrium on the male palpal tibia in all &quot;
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D40AC65F53C1CB52FD115A5432D9843B" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
&quot;. All
<taxonomicName id="C37DF613710FC4F20F00AB20C1E757A9" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" genus.bestMatchDistance="167" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauroti">M. fauroti</taxonomicName>
specimens (in fact all pholcids) I have ever seen have two trichobothria on the palpal tibiae. Since both trichobothria are equally easy (or difficult) to see, I have no explanation for this. A single trichobothrium was described by the same author for
<taxonomicName id="775182935568AB25E9AA917CA889600B" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anomalaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anomalaia</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName id="15D63B0C9EF8F0EB07C952BF7643299D" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Metagonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metagonia</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="AB49EADD12315CA21931A882B84C1F3E" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Metagonia" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mariguitarensis">mariguitarensis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="FE746AD1A291B17BD50EA544CB4C094C" originalValue="González-Sponga" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
1998); subsequent study has shown that it also has two trichobothria (Huber 2000).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FD51C32FB32D639060E8AD07C624E22A" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="693C3ECDFC7663F879FBAED2ED7E6999" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
Microhabitat. In the introduction,
<normalizedToken id="EDEA14713766289EB499504743499E6F" originalValue="González-Sponga" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Sponga</normalizedToken>
(2004) writes that
<taxonomicName id="52741F2E025D9A4EDA0E3B6759E92423" genus="Mariguitaia" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" rank="genus">Mariguitaia</taxonomicName>
occurs &quot;both in forests and in human dwellings&quot; (my translation). However, three species were found in buildings only, the fourth under shrubs in the village of
<taxonomicName id="521B35121EB0ED76F6641384D88F64CE" genus="Mariguitar" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" rank="genus">Mariguitar</taxonomicName>
. No specimen was collected in a forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="84A9808828A989E14DE1D255631560BD" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7A06433971822F727C0188408A1D0D9A" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">
Biogeography. The original distribution of
<taxonomicName id="B5BDA168894411A654A4372DF16DB488" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Micropholcus</taxonomicName>
is difficult to reconstruct. Only one
<taxonomicName id="F0D10E2891B04DC8BF7B24356E67FED9" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congener">congener</taxonomicName>
of the type species is known:
<taxonomicName id="E3C4EC981094C97DB0E1F648946DF33F" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacominae">Micropholcus jacominae Deeleman &amp; van Harten</taxonomicName>
, 2001 from Yemen.
<taxonomicName id="99209358410861D336ABE81ADB2B0E58" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauroti">Micropholcus fauroti</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed around the world (Deeleman &amp; Prinsen 1987, Saaristo 2001). I have seen
<taxonomicName id="5C4E6F80AD9A9DE805579B8F7A507D17" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micropholcus" genus.bestMatchDistance="63" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fauroti">M. fauroti</taxonomicName>
from many countries, including Venezuela (
<normalizedToken id="1BD8879429A6BC50DC68382043243FD8" originalValue="Península" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken id="773534576F3889FDDC346EA1EEB2C194" originalValue="Paraguaná" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Paraguana</normalizedToken>
: Coro), Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and the USA (unpublished). A further record for Venezuela (Zulia: Maracaibo) was recently published by
<normalizedToken id="7353669C9060FB2C329998B76D142813" originalValue="Colmenares-García" pageId="2" pageNumber="66">Colmenares-Garcia</normalizedToken>
(2008). The fewer records for this species than for
<taxonomicName id="E24230BE2C4E68068D551BC777BC433F" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Crossopriza" genus.bestMatchDistance="2341" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyoni">C. lyoni</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="730D574B0C8D9839BE6BC61069D5D57B" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" genus.bestMatchDistance="22" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">P. globosus</taxonomicName>
may partly be due to the small size and pale colour of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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