164 lines
15 KiB
XML
164 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="23559" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365" ID-GBIF-Dataset="447d0c45-35c7-4aaa-b3b3-acbf7069da06" ID-PMC="PMC7082394" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-142-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7B3A5CC9B82952B6B3E20C46E12DB4F1" ID-PubMed="32210671" ModsDocID="1314-2003-142-1" checkinTime="1584104974826" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Klopper, Ronell R., Crouch, Neil R., Smith, Gideon F. & van Wyk, Abraham E." docDate="2020" docId="DC4DA69D97ED505DB1961B7162F0E16C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 142: 1-88" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 142" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365" docTitle="Aloe cooperi Baker 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="7B3A5CC9B82952B6B3E20C46E12DB4F1" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7B3A5CC9B82952B6B3E20C46E12DB4F1" masterDocTitle="A synoptic review of the aloes (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) of KwaZulu-Natal, an ecologically diverse province in eastern South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732650654357" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="AE78172F81738DC153E1BDF12898001C">A synoptic review of the aloes (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) of KwaZulu-Natal, an ecologically diverse province in eastern South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1FDCAFE10D54F77AFF1179846CB0D296">Klopper, Ronell R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3E46007BA9B604956E1468D19721A6A2">Crouch, Neil R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8D758B072FBC37C356EFE4C4595EB476">Smith, Gideon F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="73C93C0F9E9943420A7FD2D8D842F39C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D1F02BF26D9AB0B912BA49608677E416">van Wyk, Abraham E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AB6284DA5B6F8A4157EA5D9DAB8B4765">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E866231CD940EB985FAB570E76B6464A">
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<mods:title id="7E825307D19EFB6E28B98BD124C00EB2">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="16223FDB29BEE7C3A42B9F95648EC9F6">
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<mods:date id="140CCFB0ACD368136EBB8D95DF6A240C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E0641A05B8D80B2BE94197669F99A7D6" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="66B59D596239A8646E7A41809C7E990D">142</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="CC2BE29507B963F0C84A47418FAA77B2" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="ACC60986B6D6C1BB46BA429BEDDB9EAB">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CD712DD8C03B709C0C5B3C1F91FA416F">88</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="3649503A830B2DE23CEA9823838CE6DF">
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<mods:url id="157D73ACC50A5F75BC40DE1B454B61B3">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="A08BEB1DE4F2C91714F8A77843B8311C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="66D267CCD37C0F7AEF5B9BA14EF02675" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2DB2352906ED923D3A71BECF860C2732" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-142-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DC4DA69D97ED505DB1961B7162F0E16C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162486999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC4DA69D97ED505DB1961B7162F0E16C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC4DA69D97ED505DB1961B7162F0E16C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Asphodelaceae">
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<subSubSection id="CE201ED653E0E98904D4B96209C8EF2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="357680CF6852EE357B3E5D0BC65E3D72" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="B9F91EC09D098AF675BC16C4F9289874" ID-CoL="C3JC" LSID="DC4DA69D-97ED-505D-B196-1B7162F0E16C" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe cooperi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cooperi">Aloe cooperi Baker</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3D653668CFD64A2EE2A54405221C6EF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
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<paragraph id="32FB130B170078ED1D960FBF352B8F97" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C8A8216F23300E12ABB94459F4033AF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken id="752DEAA7C05C205058663E00A568E2FD" originalValue="Cooper’s">Cooper's</normalizedToken>
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aloe (English); cooperse-aalwyn (Afrikaans); isipukutwane, isiputumane, inqimindolo (Zulu).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E751F933A00F8186897EE0FA088F771D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="06E734D51C6479C974D8FCEA265AD64E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A88C3F05A510B0E514C27489C0AD6345" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Grass aloe. Acaulescent plants or
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<emphasis id="3ED79EEAFAAB5784C2AB50FDCC39415D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stem</emphasis>
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short, up to 0.15 m, erect, usually simple; rosettes solitary or sometimes with offshoots at ground level to form small groups; dried leaves not persistent.
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<emphasis id="0DF40501CC7CEAEBB323EECC470F1D39" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
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distichous, sometimes spirally twisted to rosulate in old plants, erect, deciduous, green, usually without spots on upper surface, with copious white spots at base on lower surface, obscurely lineate, narrowly long-deltoid, distinctly keeled, V-shaped in cross section, 40-80 cm long, 2.5-6.0 cm wide at base; margin with firm, white teeth, 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm apart at mid-leaf; exudate clear.
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<emphasis id="42D2BF5DDC8F9BBEB8496F26791C20C8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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0.4-1.0 m high, erect, simple.
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<emphasis id="1E0220E9A022C2640006EA2AC96D5B1A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Raceme</emphasis>
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broadly conical, 10-20 cm long, dense.
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<emphasis id="EAAC67CEFF80FB7389C26E196263F7F0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Floral bracts</emphasis>
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20-35 mm long, 10 mm wide.
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<emphasis id="1FC033D211CFA7272AEC053053B27B7E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pedicels</emphasis>
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30-60 mm long.
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<emphasis id="7AD29F97A51E79D2036537A580F0AA5B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="C59859A32BBD423822CF36AE859E92A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">perianth</emphasis>
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salmon-pink near base, green tipped, 25-40 mm long,
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<normalizedToken id="827088BFD4C8A8BAE5796181DC474BCB" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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12 mm across ovary, narrowing towards mouth, roundly trigonous, basally stipitate and narrowing into pedicel; outer segments free almost to base;
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<emphasis id="F97AC061544B127D55602B490A85440B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stamens</emphasis>
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not exserted or exserted 1-2 mm;
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<emphasis id="370C5A42E7D44AEB5FBE1D9EF7BD6B6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">style</emphasis>
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exserted to 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A00BEE5C251A2D6D119873D0BB535338" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="flowering time">
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<paragraph id="A132133D6E3FFB90A1D6F617B1E33F1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering time.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="11B5C5EF1D070F3631AD917BD9642EB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">December-February.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DC823661D9AE9F1D1FBB6C540DD19666" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="4A5B612FF805FBBB704447FB7EACF795" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="21F66FD9470C740B51FB607A38969822" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Regularly occurs in marshy places. Grows also in well-drained habitats, often amongst rocks on grassy hillsides.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79B721BA6F3D9D4190FC98151259992A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="44BCB16674276B7C9BCBC20F092D537E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnostic characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B3EC33D2E3664F698864CFB1C173009" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8F25423AA7C749E27418CF33AF5CC2EC" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe cooperi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cooperi">
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<emphasis id="FC8CEB5D999A3C51EAAE627702A3295B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe cooperi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from other grass aloes in KwaZulu-Natal with strongly keeled leaves (
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<taxonomicName id="CCEE6E0C9E8D5B9627717107AEF50375" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe myriacantha" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myriacantha">
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<emphasis id="7B6181BAD86748BDC77067409E407B3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe myriacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="730E7D93090EF63C64FEDB11CDE7C714" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe sharoniae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sharoniae">
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<emphasis id="382677452F50A24E777D0C8F7C5AA8B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe sharoniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) by the inflorescence (0.4-1.0 m high) that can sometimes be shorter than the distichous leaves (40-80 cm long). Leaves have copious white spots near the base on the lower surface and a toothed margin. Flowers are salmon-pink near the base, green tipped and 25-40 mm long, with the mouth not bilabiate or upturned. Floral bracts are flat and not clasping the pedicel (as in
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<taxonomicName id="3753698C8DF59C400F232C5D01EAB8B4" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe sharoniae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sharoniae">
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<emphasis id="BE53560E3EE4D488C66A5BA0CF0D8187" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe sharoniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96ACA041E8B19867BDC7072E8912BA0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph id="7F1C2EAA09AE8CC3048D88B8355698A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="143C002E3A1EEDD342F38DC601F781B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Least Concern, but declining. Threats include habitat transformation owing to commercial silvicultural and agricultural practices, as well as overgrazing and alien invasives (
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<bibRefCitation id="013070B4C6AB62A054E9AC1D5F5EE2DF" author="Raimondo, D" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B37" refString="Raimondo, D, Von Staden, L, Foden, W, Victor, JE, Helme, NA, Turner, RC, Kamundi, DA, Manyama, PA, 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." title="Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." year="2009">Raimondo et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BBEB778AC9B3C431FC32E67FE33A78F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="A21C863183F57EC78D1A80EDC3D84064" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B141F202A59A5E0717EFF1D921C4D2A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Occurs mainly in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, just entering the eastern Free State, the southeast of Limpopo and the northern part of the Eastern Cape in South Africa, also widespread in Eswatini and just entering Lesotho and Mozambique (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="89C0711BC83CE5EC40252395A5AE1373" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aloe cooperi. Photo: N. R. Crouch." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388237" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="77637919172C48BADACA24EFA4BA09F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="B61BF38E56663959DFB71FFF3824536E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3CF44F3BFF5FCAB9077EF6105E098A72" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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In recent years,
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<taxonomicName id="A9470FB2C0E5E29EF62CBFD077E9623E" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe cooperi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cooperi">
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<emphasis id="EE1F6DDD627088CA46BAEC00F55322D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe cooperi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has become very popular in South Africa in large-scale landscaping, for example of industrial sites. Unlike several other grass and slender aloes, that do not thrive beyond their natural geographical distribution ranges, most forms of
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<taxonomicName id="7665794C5E9269DC77BCA77B7B6655FF" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe cooperi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cooperi">
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<emphasis id="15F2BC18E039321432E46870A468B064" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe cooperi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are relatively easy in cultivation.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="618D42CF6299D566C2722EC0DFAFA008" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388237" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph id="83B978F41D3BC3F88206D11F76ADDC49" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="481D2310B1257ADF72A69F78CFCFB52B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F010F0BFC7D969A03208B22BAEB985CD" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe cooperi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cooperi">
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<emphasis id="BB94E5BF1BD1E651A7472C2C9AA494A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe cooperi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Photo: N.R. Crouch.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |