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<mods:title id="131BF507FFB18944DB1C33E027AA299A">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="812C1B26E1D535B295D346D98FF8E93A">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6986814C346FDF8616252160AEB358D3">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="443F00002F93F462BF39130E71EE5D0F">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="18F45E8332CB9C46DBEF4C374E532C20">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C92DA97C3371EDDF2" box="[151,559,151,178]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA97C3371EDDF2" blockId="83.[151,559,151,214]" box="[151,559,151,178]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFCE391C92DA97C3371EDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,559,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C92DA97C3371EDDF2" ID-CoL="78PBJ" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[151,559,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA97C3371EDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,559,151,178]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA97C334A2DDF1" bold="true" box="[151,403,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Pulvinaria floccifera</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C92DA97EF3716DD96" box="[151,551,187,214]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA97EF3716DD96" blockId="83.[151,559,151,214]" box="[151,551,187,214]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFCE391C92D297EF35C3DD96" box="[159,242,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,239,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-51@82.[223,1364,237,1941]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 34. Adult female of Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood), reproduced from Tanaka &amp; Amano (2007) page 213, fig. 1. Tubular ducts of types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see also the diagnosis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385516/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
, distribution map 
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFCE391C93F097EF372EDD96" box="[445,543,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,194,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-22@182.[189,1398,181,1500]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 92. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Porphyrophora chelodonta Vahedi; B, Porphyrophora cynodontis (Archangelskaya); C, Porphyrophora hamelii Brandt; D, Porphyrophora jachenkoi Vahedi; E, Porphyrophora medicaginis Jashenko: F, Porphyrophora tritici (Bodenheimer); G, Porphyrophora victoriae Jashenko; H, Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus (Hall); I, Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach); J, Pulvinaria aligarhensis Avasthi &amp; Shafee; K, Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell; L, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385723/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 92L</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C92DA97AB31B7DC79" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA97AB31B7DC79" blockId="83.[151,1436,255,314]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFCE391C92DA97AB31B7DC79" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFCE391C92DA97AB377ADC54" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[151,587,255,279]" page="308" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" year="1870">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C92DA97AB377ADC54" ID-CoL="WMJT" authority="Westwood, 1870: 308" authorityName="Westwood" authorityPageNumber="308" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,587,255,279]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flocciferus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA97AB3469DC54" box="[151,344,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Coccus flocciferus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C932F97AB377ADC54" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[354,587,255,279]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref110569" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1870) [The camellia coccus Coccus flocciferus Westw]. Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, 10, 308." type="journal volume" year="1870">Westwood, 1870: 308</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C901497AB368BDC54" ID-CoL="78PBJ" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[601,954,255,279]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C901497AB3600DC54" box="[601,817,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Pulvinaria floccifera</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFCE391C918497AB3143DC54" author="Green, E. E." box="[969,1138,255,279]" page="72" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" year="1897">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C918497AB3143DC54" author="Green, E. E." box="[969,1138,255,279]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="68 - 77" refId="ref101916" refString="Green, E. E. (1897) Notes on Coccidae from the Royal Gardens, Kew [with additions by R. Newstead]. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 33, 68 - 77." type="journal article" year="1897">Green 1897: 72</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C96CD97AB3477DC79" ID-CoL="69XJ9" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Chloropulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C96CD97AB30ADDC54" box="[1152,1436,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Chloropulvinaria floccifera</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFCE391C931D96763778DC79" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[336,585,290,314]" page="300" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C931D96763778DC79" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[336,585,290,314]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="269 - 316" refId="ref98675" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1952 b) [New genera and species of soft scales of the family Coccidae (= Lecaniidae) of the USSR fauna and adjacent countries (Insecta, Homoptera, Coccoidea)]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk S, 12, 269 - 316. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1952">Borchsenius 1952b: 300</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C901E9676369ADC79" ID-CoL="78PBJ" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[595,939,290,314]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C901E96763617DC79" box="[595,806,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Pulvinaria floccifera</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFCE391C91F8967631B3DC79" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[949,1154,290,314]" page="261" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C91F8967631B3DC79" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[949,1154,290,314]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref98063" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of the Soft Scale Insects of the World (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 536 pp." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov 1993: 261</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C92DA9632301EDCE7" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA9632301EDCE7" blockId="83.[151,1437,358,1547]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA963234A3DCC3" bold="true" box="[151,402,358,384]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female elongate oval, slightly convex, cream to tan in colour. Mature adult female produces an elongate white ovisac with 3 shallow longitudinal furrows, which may be straight or curved.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C928A96F936CFD9E9" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A96F93670DCA9" blockId="83.[151,1437,358,1547]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A96F934E8DC84" bold="true" box="[199,473,429,455]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body elongate oval, remaining membranous at maturity. Stigmatic clefts rather shallow. Anal cleft of moderate depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A96A03782DF34" blockId="83.[151,1437,358,1547]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A96A03410DF4E" box="[199,289,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm entirely membranous; dermal areolations usually absent. Setae spiniform, scattered throughout. Pores absent. Preopercular pores oval to circular, present anterior to anal plates. Submarginal duct tubercles present, sometimes numbering 8 or more on each side. Tubular ducts absent. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate with 4 apical setae. Anal ring usually bearing 6 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A95D53776DFA2" blockId="83.[151,1437,358,1547]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A95D5342BDFD9" box="[199,282,641,666]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae long, acute, fringed or bifid, numerous; with about 20 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side. Stigmatic clefts distinct but shallow, each containing 3 setae, median seta about 2 times longer than lateral setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A95BF36CFD9E9" blockId="83.[151,1437,358,1547]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A95BF343EDE47" box="[199,271,747,772]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 7 loculi, present around anogenital fold, and on mediolateral areas of preceding 3 or 4 abdominal segments; a small group also present lateral to each metacoxa and mesocoxa. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin. Microducts present in a broad submarginal band and scattered throughout. Tubular ducts of 
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFCE391C96D2940731C2DE2D" box="[1183,1267,851,878]" count="3" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
: (i) a duct with short, filamentous inner ductule and minute terminal gland, mainly present in broad submarginal band extending from anal cleft to posterior spiracular disc-pore band, but a few also present on marginal area of head and between spiracular disc pore bands; (ii) a duct rather narrower than 
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFCE391C917894E93654DE94" box="[821,869,957,983]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
(iii), with shallow cup-shaped invagination, long, slender inner ductule, and well-developed terminal gland, present medially on posterior abdominal segments and also in posterior submarginal band intermingled with ducts of 
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFCE391C9121935036ADD95D" box="[876,924,1028,1054]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
(i); and (iii) a duct with a fairly wide inner ductule and well-developed terminal gland, present medially on head, thorax, and first 2 or 3 abdominal segments extending laterally to spiracles. Legs well developed, each with free articulation between tibia and tarsus, and with an articulatory sclerosis; each claw without a denticle; both claw digitules broad and shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Antennae each with 8 segments, with segments 
<collectionCode id="76A3AE4BFFCE391C915093C53608D9E8" box="[797,825,1169,1195]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">III</collectionCode>
and 
<collectionCode id="76A3AE4BFFCE391C912293C536BDD9E8" box="[879,908,1169,1195]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">IV</collectionCode>
subequal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C928A93E73624D9B2" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A93E73624D9B2" blockId="83.[151,1437,358,1547]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A93E73452D98E" bold="true" box="[199,355,1203,1229]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C932793E73764D98E" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[362,597,1203,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C932793E73764D98E" box="[362,597,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Pulvinaria floccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a cosmopolitan species (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C91C493E7318CD98E" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[905,1213,1203,1230]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales 
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C960D93E03143D98E" box="[1088,1138,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); in 
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCE391C96A393E0302FD98D" box="[1262,1310,1204,1230]" name="Iran" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it is found in 
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFCE391C92F9938235C3D9B3" box="[180,242,1238,1264]" country="Iran" name="Gilan" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Gilan</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFCE391C936493823482D9B3" box="[297,435,1238,1264]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C907893823638D9B2" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[565,777,1238,1265]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C928A93AE344FD819" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A93AE344FD819" blockId="83.[151,1437,358,1547]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A93AE346AD857" bold="true" box="[199,347,1274,1300]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species is polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants belonging to 39 families (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C971D93AE3440D874" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales 
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92B5924A3419D874" box="[248,296,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCE391C93D3924934FFD874" box="[414,462,1309,1335]" name="Iran" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been found on 
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C90F5924936ABD874" box="[696,922,1309,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Mespilus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="germanica">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C90F5924936ABD874" box="[696,922,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Mespilus germanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C91EA92493125D874" box="[935,1044,1309,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C9603924931D9D874" box="[1102,1256,1309,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aquifoliaceae" genus="Ilex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinigera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C9603924931D9D874" box="[1102,1256,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Ilex spinigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C96B9924930A4D874" box="[1268,1429,1309,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aquifoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Aquifoliaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C92D292143443D819" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[159,370,1344,1370]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C928A92373603D8A4" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A92373750D8E2" blockId="83.[151,1437,358,1547]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A923734E9D83E" bold="true" box="[199,472,1379,1405]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Economic importance:</emphasis>
The species is one of the most important pests of tea (
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C960092373024D83E" box="[1101,1301,1379,1405]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C960092373024D83E" box="[1101,1301,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Camellia sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) gardens in northern 
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCE391C92B092D3341BD8E2" box="[253,298,1415,1441]" name="Iran" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C937492D23764D8E2" author="Naeim Amini, S. &amp; Abbasipour, H. &amp; Aghajanzadeh, S. &amp; Zamani, A." box="[313,597,1414,1441]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="279 - 280" refId="ref106900" refString="Naeim Amini, S., Abbasipour, H., Aghajanzadeh, S. &amp; Zamani, A. (2010) [First report of Lecanicillium lecanii and its sexual stage, from Iran]. Iran Journal Plant Pathology, 49 (3), 279 - 280. [in Persian]" type="journal article" year="2010">
Naeim Amini 
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C939492D3373BD8E3" box="[473,522,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A92FE3603D8A4" blockId="83.[151,1437,358,1547]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A92FE34A2D880" bold="true" box="[199,403,1449,1476]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
The fungal pathogen 
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C90C892FE3156D887" authority="(Petch Zare &amp; Gams)" baseAuthorityName="Petch Zare &amp; Gams" box="[645,1127,1450,1476]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Cordycipitaceae" genus="Lecanicillium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lecanii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C90C892FE3643D887" box="[645,882,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Lecanicillium lecanii</emphasis>
(Petch Zare &amp; Gams)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C963992FE301FD887" box="[1140,1326,1450,1476]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Cordycipitaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Cordycipitaceae</taxonomicName>
) has been recorded on 
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C936E929A349BD8A4" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[291,426,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C936E929A349BD8A4" box="[291,426,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. floccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCE391C9383929934CAD8A4" box="[462,507,1485,1511]" name="Iran" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C904492993617D8A4" author="Naeim Amini, S. &amp; Abbasipour, H. &amp; Aghajanzadeh, S. &amp; Zamani, A." box="[521,806,1485,1511]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="279 - 280" refId="ref106900" refString="Naeim Amini, S., Abbasipour, H., Aghajanzadeh, S. &amp; Zamani, A. (2010) [First report of Lecanicillium lecanii and its sexual stage, from Iran]. Iran Journal Plant Pathology, 49 (3), 279 - 280. [in Persian]" type="journal article" year="2010">
Naeim Amini 
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C90E7929A37EAD8A4" box="[682,731,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C928A92A43695DB49" box="[199,932,1520,1547]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A92A43695DB49" blockId="83.[151,1437,358,1547]" box="[199,932,1520,1547]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A92A43463DB49" bold="true" box="[199,338,1520,1546]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Comments:</emphasis>
Please see the comments under 
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C90F192A53663DB49" box="[700,850,1520,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C90F192A53663DB49" box="[700,850,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. camelicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>