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<document id="930EF3639886F49C53348F8BF71EB466" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh &amp; Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FF0D39DF92DA94AE37A8DAB6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1733918473196" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2E0DE53EABDF02750D336A01572244CF">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="39D5983BFA3DB46B6B5E3D580638A047">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7540CC20CAF0485A47FF35F06ECF67ED">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D52743CD96704795BCD6818B5CD47E6B">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="060B90D1DF419A0E283AB05CF091CDF7" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6B847D08C42849C151F775F398C24E4F">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6148984739F24EF6215C1770E83E4995" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="2109BCD40AB234DF3D76BA25EB58B458">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="23D7DEC758E341EFFD245E09E833366C">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<treatment id="981B8798FF0D39DF92DA94AE37A8DAB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385737" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FF0D39DF92DA94AE37A8DAB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FF0D39DF92DA94AE37A8DAB6" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0D39DF92DA94AE3750D957" box="[151,609,1018,1045]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF92DA94AE3750D957" blockId="144.[151,662,1018,1081]" box="[151,609,1018,1045]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF0D39DF92DA94AE3750D957" bold="true" box="[151,609,1018,1045]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF92DA94AE3750D957" ID-CoL="47DK6" authority="Bodenheimer" authorityName="Bodenheimer" box="[151,609,1018,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF92DA94AE3750D957" bold="true" box="[151,609,1018,1045]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF92DA94AE3483D956" bold="true" box="[151,434,1018,1045]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Nidularia balachowskii</emphasis>
Bodenheimer
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0D39DF92DA934B37A7D97A" box="[151,662,1055,1081]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF92DA934B37A7D97A" blockId="144.[151,662,1018,1081]" box="[151,662,1055,1081]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0D39DF92D2934B35C3D97A" box="[159,242,1055,1081]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="145.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,181,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-17@145.[151,1436,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="145" captionText="FIGURE 68. Adult female of Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer, reproduced from Spodek et al. (2012), page 34, fig. 3, with kind permission from the senior author and the Editor of Zookeys." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385632/files/figure.png" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0D39DF92B3934B3453D97A" box="[254,354,1055,1081]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,234,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,181,1586]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="PLATE 4. Eriococcidae: A, Anophococcus abaii (Danzig); B, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; C, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus borchsenii (Danzig); Kermesidae: E, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); F, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; G, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer. Monophlebidae: H, Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385398/files/figure.png" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Plate 4G</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0D39DF9061934B37BFD97A" box="[556,654,1055,1081]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="181.[151,250,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,186,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-17@181.[199,1389,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIGURE 91. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); B, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; C, Neoacanthococcus pamiricus (Bazarov); D, Neoacanthococcus tamaricicola Borchsenius; E, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer; F, Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus); G, Ortheziola marottai Kaydan &amp; Szita; H, Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret); I, Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao); J, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché); K, Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius); L, Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385720/files/figure.png" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Fig. 91E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0D39DF92DA930A36FDD866" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF92DA930A3796D935" blockId="144.[151,679,1118,1142]" box="[151,679,1118,1142]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FF0D39DF92DA930A3796D935" box="[151,679,1118,1142]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF0D39DF92DA930A3792D935" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[151,675,1118,1142]" page="80" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" year="1941">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF92DA930A3792D935" ID-CoL="47DK6" authority="Bodenheimer, 1941: 78 - 80" authorityName="Bodenheimer" authorityPageNumber="78 - 80" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,675,1118,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF92DA930A34B7D935" box="[151,390,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Nidularia balachowskii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF93C1930A3792D935" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[396,675,1118,1142]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="65 - 84" refId="ref98207" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1941) Seven new species of Coccidae from Anatolia. Revue de la Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite d'Istanbul, Series B, 6, 65 - 84." type="journal article" year="1941">Bodenheimer, 1941: 78–80</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF92DA93CA36FDD866" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF92DA93CA3452D9FA" bold="true" box="[151,355,1182,1209]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Field characters:</emphasis>
Pre-reproductive adult female oval, soft and flat; dorsum brownish and venter yellowish-white; dorsal surface covered with 10 longitudinal rows of rectangular wax plates. Post-reproductive adult female oval, moderately convex and sclerotized, each side with 5 longitudinal rows of almost fused dark brown wax plates; with lighter brown wax in between rows of plates. A waxy ovisac is produced.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0D39DF928A927A37FEDA5E" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A927A3062D82E" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A927A34E8D80B" bold="true" box="[199,473,1326,1352]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female fusiform. Marginal setae spinose. Antennae each with 1 segment, bearing 2–6 fleshy setae. Labium triangular, with 3 segments, apical segment with 4 pairs of setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A9223379FD8F6" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A92233410D8D3" box="[199,289,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Dorsum</emphasis>
: Margin with a single row of slender setae; setae absent from rest of dorsum. Microtubular ducts and small, circular simple pores present throughout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A92EB37FEDA5E" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A92EB343ED89B" box="[199,271,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Venter</emphasis>
: Setae of 2 sizes: longer setae forming a single row across medial area of each abdominal segment, accompanied by spinules; and shorter setae sparsely present on medial areas of thorax and head. Quinquelocular pores numbering 8–11 between each anterior spiracle and submarginal band of tubular ducts, but only 2‒4 laterad to each posterior spiracle; quinquelocular pores also present in a broad band of 10–13 pores medially between posterior spiracles and in a single, complete submarginal band 1 pore wide, totaling about 50–70 pores on each side. Submarginal tubular duct band also containing dispersed bilocular pores, numbering 103–135 per side. Multilocular pores, each with 9 or 10 loculi, forming group of 3 or 4 pores between anterior and posterior spiracles on each side, and present in transverse bands across abdominal segments. Tubular ducts forming complete submarginal band 2 or 3 ducts wide, and sparsely present medially on thorax. Anal ring ventral, composed of 2 sclerotized semicircles, each half bearing 3 spinose setae and 10–12 pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0D39DF928A907237A8DAB6" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A90723049DA26" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A90723452DA03" bold="true" box="[199,355,1830,1856]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF932190733747DA02" box="[364,630,1831,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF932190733747DA02" box="[364,630,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Nidularia balachowskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF917D90733640DA02" box="[816,881,1831,1857]" name="Israel" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Israel</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF9133907336E6DA02" box="[894,983,1831,1857]" name="Turkey" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF91AA9073310ADA02" box="[999,1083,1831,1857]" name="Turkey" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Turkey</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF96309073319BDA02" box="[1149,1194,1831,1857]" name="Iran" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF96F7907330A6DA02" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[1210,1431,1831,1857]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="65 - 84" refId="ref98207" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1941) Seven new species of Coccidae from Anatolia. Revue de la Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite d'Istanbul, Series B, 6, 65 - 84." type="journal article" year="1941">Bodenheimer 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF92DA901F345CDA26" author="Spodek, M. &amp; Ben-Dov, Y." box="[151,365,1867,1893]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref108918" refString="Spodek, M. &amp; Ben-Dov, Y. (2014) A taxonomic revision of the Kermesidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Israel, with a description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3781 (1), 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3781.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Spodek
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF92BF901F3412DA26" box="[242,291,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
), where it has been recorded from
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF0D39DF90BC901F364EDA26" box="[753,895,1867,1893]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF0D39DF91F8901F3126DA26" box="[949,1047,1867,1893]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Lorestan</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF96D4901F305CDA26" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[1177,1389,1867,1893]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A903B37DBDAEE" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A903B346ADACA" bold="true" box="[199,347,1903,1929]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species is oligophagous, having been recorded on
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF9196903B31FADACA" box="[987,1227,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF9196903B3108DACA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[987,1081,1903,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
ithaburensis
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF974A903B3054DACA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1287,1381,1903,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF974A903B3054DACA" box="[1287,1381,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF92D290C7343ADAEE" baseAuthorityName="Miller &amp; Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[159,267,1939,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF936D90C734CADAEE" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[288,507,1939,1965]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="65 - 84" refId="ref98207" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1941) Seven new species of Coccidae from Anatolia. Revue de la Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite d'Istanbul, Series B, 6, 65 - 84." type="journal article" year="1941">Bodenheimer 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF904A90C737EFDAEE" author="Spodek, M. &amp; Ben-Dov, Y." box="[519,734,1939,1965]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref108918" refString="Spodek, M. &amp; Ben-Dov, Y. (2014) A taxonomic revision of the Kermesidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Israel, with a description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3781 (1), 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3781.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Spodek
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF902F90C737A2DAEE" box="[610,659,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A90E231A3DA92" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" box="[199,1170,1974,2001]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A90E234E6DA93" bold="true" box="[199,471,1974,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Economic importance:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF939390E337D4DA92" box="[478,741,1975,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF939390E337D4DA92" box="[478,741,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Nidularia balachowskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF961090E331BFDA92" box="[1117,1166,1975,2001]" name="Iran" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A908F37A8DAB6" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" box="[199,665,2010,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A908F34A5DAB7" bold="true" box="[199,404,2010,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF9029908F37A4DAB6" box="[612,661,2011,2037]" name="Iran" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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