treatments-xml/data/A1/2C/87/A12C8793FF84FFABFF67FB5DFC1AFE76.xml

<document id="DC054B31E788A67596BFED46C820F870" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210604" ID-GBIF-Dataset="20aa269b-0d4b-463f-b893-56345fa98160" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210604" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460486144976" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sinev, Artem Y. &amp; Kotov, Alexey A." docDate="2012" docId="A12C8793FF84FFABFF67FB5DFC1AFE76" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03334p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3334" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Anthalona sanoamuangae Sinev &amp; Kotov, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="5D15FFEBFF81FFA0FFF0FF98FF9EFFDA" masterDocTitle="New and rare Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Indochina" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698309171832" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C7B891F6984B15F903D0710F524D42FD">New and rare Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Indochina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="94EBE29BFA439E825FC05399F692B040">Sinev, Artem Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F9430B592853A818990B8FDB63B3F774">Kotov, Alexey A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="A12C8793FF84FFABFF67FB5DFC1AFE76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6181107" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119518362" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6181107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C8793FF84FFABFF67FB5DFC1AFE76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A12C8793FF84FFABFF67FB5DFC1AFE76" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="619F650EFF84FFA5FF67FB5DFA9AFAFE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="293A3685FF84FFA5FF67FB5DFDA2FB05" blockId="5.[151,572,1221,1247]" box="[151,572,1221,1247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="727281E9FF84FFA5FF67FB5DFDA2FB05" bold="true" box="[151,572,1221,1247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF84FFA5FF67FB5DFDA2FB05" bold="true" box="[151,572,1221,1247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF84FFA5FF67FB5DFE49FB05" box="[151,471,1221,1247]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF84FFA5FF67FB5DFE49FB05" bold="true" box="[151,471,1221,1247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anthalona sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C257ECFF84FFA5FE2EFB5DFDA2FB05" box="[478,572,1221,1247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF84FFA5FF67FA94FA9AFAFE" blockId="5.[151,1437,1292,2036]" box="[151,1284,1292,1316]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF84FFA5FF67FA94FEB3FAFE" bold="true" box="[151,301,1292,1316]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ethymology.</emphasis>
The species is named in honor of our friend and colleague, Prof. La-orsri Sanoamuang.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="619F650EFF84FFA5FF39FAA8FE30F99E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="293A3685FF84FFA5FF39FAA8FD8CFAB6" blockId="5.[151,1437,1292,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF84FFA5FF39FAA8FEF3FA92" bold="true" box="[201,365,1327,1352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="F63E8827FF84FFA5FF39FAA8FE9CFA92" box="[201,258,1328,1352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
A tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, 
<collectingCountry id="51927615FF84FFA5FAC1FAB7FA09FA9D" box="[1329,1431,1327,1351]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="5D3B1045FF84FFA5FF67FACCFE89FAB6" box="[151,279,1364,1388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1998-01-31">31.01.1998</date>
, coll. L. Sanoamuang.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF84FFA5FF39FAE0FB9EFA55" blockId="5.[151,1437,1292,2036]" box="[201,1024,1399,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF84FFA5FF39FAE0FEA3FA4A" bold="true" box="[201,317,1400,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="F63E8827FF84FFA5FF39FAE0FEA6FA4A" box="[201,312,1400,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Parthenogenetic female from the 
<typeStatus id="F63E8827FF84FFA5FD49FAE1FD77FA4B" box="[697,745,1401,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
location, MMU Ml-110.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF84FFA5FF39FA04FE30F99E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1292,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF84FFA5FF39FA04FED6FA6E" bold="true" box="[201,328,1436,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="F63E8827FF84FFA5FF39FA04FEDDFA6E" box="[201,323,1436,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Parthenogenetic female from the 
<typeStatus id="F63E8827FF84FFA5FD29FA05FC97FA6F" box="[729,777,1437,1461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
location, MMU Ml-111; parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai Province, 
<collectingCountry id="51927615FF84FFA5FC9AFA27FC52FA0D" box="[874,972,1471,1495]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="5D3B1045FF84FFA5FC28FA27FBC7FA0D" box="[984,1113,1471,1495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2009-10-22">22.10.2009</date>
, coll. A. B. Vasilieva, MGU Ml-112. A single parthenogenetic female from the 
<typeStatus id="F63E8827FF84FFA5FD2AFA7DFC94FA27" box="[730,778,1509,1533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
location and a single male from a roadside ditch in Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai Province, 
<collectingCountry id="51927615FF84FFA5FDABF99FFD23F9C5" box="[603,701,1543,1567]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="5D3B1045FF84FFA5FD3CF99FFCD3F9C5" box="[716,845,1543,1567]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2009-10-22">22.10.2009</date>
, coll. A. B. Vasilieva were dissected and discarded afterward, not deposited.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="619F650EFF84FFA6FF39F9D7FAC9FE5D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="293A3685FF84FFA6FF39F9D7FAC9FE5D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1292,2036]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF84FFA5FF39F9D7FDF6F9B2" bold="true" box="[201,616,1615,1640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis. Parthenogenetic female.</emphasis>
In lateral view body oval, maximum height at the middle of body, length/ height ratio 0.6–0.63. Dorsal margin curved, postero-dorsal and postero-ventral angles broadly rounded. Posterior margin weakly convex. Postero-ventral corner of valves with about 60 small setules of variable length. Ventral margin with about 45 short setae. Head typical for genus. Eye larger than ocellus. Shape of head shield typical for genus, posterior margin of head shield broadly rounded. Two main head pores, PP about 1 IP. Lateral head pores with trilobed cosmaria, located about 1 IP distance from midline, at level of anterior major head pore. Labrum without denticles on anterior margin of keel. Postabdomen moderately short and broad, with broadly rounded distal portion, length about 2.3–2.4 height; ventral margin straight; distal angle broadly rounded; dorsal margin concave in postanal part and convex in anal part, with distal part about 1.3 times longer than preanal one, with postanal portion slightly longer than anal one; preanal angle as long blunt protrusion; postanal angle weakly defined; 5–6 very short marginal postanal denticles; about ten well-developed lateral fascicles of setules; posteriormost setae of postanal fascicles three times longer than marginal denticles; Postabdominal claw weakly curved, slender, little shorter than preanal margin of postabdomen; basal spine moderately short, thin, about 1/4 length of claw itself. Antennule typical for the genus. Antenna with antennal formula setae 0-0-3/1-1-3, spines 1-0-1/0-0-1. Antennal setae thin. Spine on basal segment of exopodite 1.5 times longer than middle segment. Apical spines 1.5 times longer than apical segments. Clusters of very long setules at the base of basal segment and at the end of middle segment of endopodite. Limb I with IDL setae long and thin, armed with thin setules. Setae on limb I endites long, of different length. Exopodite of limb II without seta, scraping spines not differentiated. Exopodite of limb III with seta 4 and 5 of similar length. Endopodite IV with three flaming-torch setae, distalmost seta much larger than two others.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="619F650EFF87FFAAFF39FE0CFF54F8DE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="293A3685FF87FFA6FF39FE0CFEF4FD16" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FF39FE0CFE93FE76" bold="true" box="[201,269,404,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Male.</emphasis>
Body oval, slightly lower than in female. Ocellus and eye larger than in female, eye two times larger than ocellus. Postabdomen narrow, weakly narrowing distally, not curved; ventral margin straight, with clear step in region of gonopores; gonopores located at 1/5 length of ventral margin from the end of postabdomen; distal angle broadly rounded, postanal and anal margin straight; postanal angle not defined, preanal angle as prominent as in female; clusters of short setules in place of marginal denticles, lateral fascicles of setules similar to those of female, but with thinner distal setules; postabdominal claw two times shorter than that of female, strongly curved, with long thin basal spine about 1/3 length of claw itself. Thoracic limb I with short U-shaped copulatory hook; IDL setae 2 and 3 setae subequal in length, much thinner than in female; male seta thick, almost straight, slightly shorter than seta 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF87FFA6FF39FD4FFE08FC7E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FF39FD4FFE51FD2A" bold="true" box="[201,463,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF87FFA6FE25FD40FD00FD2A" box="[469,670,728,752]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FE25FD40FD00FD2A" box="[469,670,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C257ECFF87FFA6FD54FD40FD63FD2A" box="[676,765,728,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FD54FD40FD63FD2A" bold="true" box="[676,765,728,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be easily differentiated from most species of 
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FAD7FD40FA05FD2A" box="[1319,1435,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Anthalona</emphasis>
by the morphology of IDL setae, which are thin, not hook-like, and bear short thin setules. The only other species with such IDL morphology is the Congolese 
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF87FFA6FD7DFCB8FCC1FCE2" box="[653,863,800,824]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FD7DFCB8FCC1FCE2" box="[653,863,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Anthalona simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="4D144B74FF87FFA6FC95FCB9FB63FCED" author="Van" box="[869,1277,799,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Van Damme, K., Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Dumont, H. G. (2011) Separation of Anthalona gen. n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines. Zootaxa, 2875, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="2011">Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont 2011</bibRefCitation>
, which differs from 
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF87FFA6FF26FCDCFE55FC86" box="[214,459,836,860]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Alona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FF26FCDCFE55FC86" box="[214,459,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Alona sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C257ECFF87FFA6FE24FCDCFDB1FC86" box="[468,559,836,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FE24FCDCFDB1FC86" bold="true" box="[468,559,836,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in: (1) the simple round cosmaria of lateral pores; (2) more short and robust scrapers 6–8 of limb II; (3) weakly developed first flaming-torch seta of limb IV; and (4) less prominent preanal angle of postabdomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF87FFA6FF39FC37FF59FBEE" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FF39FC37FD19FC12" bold="true" box="[201,647,943,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description. Parthenogenetic female.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FD61FC28FCDEFC12" box="[657,832,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">General shape.</emphasis>
In lateral view body oval, lower than in most other species of the genus, (
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF87FFA6FE67FC4CFE44FC36" box="[407,474,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,196,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., A, parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. B – J parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. B, general view. C, posteroventral corner of valves. D, head pores. E, labrum. F, postabdomen. G, antennule and outline of rostrum. H, antenna. I, maxillule. J – K, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. J, general view. K, postabdomen. Scale bars, A – B, J: 0.1 mm; C – I, K: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210607/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A, B, 4A, 6A) maximum height at the middle of body, length/height ratio 0.6–0.63. Dorsal margin curved, postero-dorsal and postero-ventral angles broadly rounded. Posterior margin weakly convex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF87FFA6FF39FBD8FC9EFB1E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FF39FBD8FEA1FB8D" box="[201,319,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Carapace.</emphasis>
Postero-ventral corner of valves with about 60 small setules of variable length (
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF87FFA6FB3CFBA7FA91FB8D" box="[1228,1295,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,196,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., A, parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. B – J parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. B, general view. C, posteroventral corner of valves. D, head pores. E, labrum. F, postabdomen. G, antennule and outline of rostrum. H, antenna. I, maxillule. J – K, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. J, general view. K, postabdomen. Scale bars, A – B, J: 0.1 mm; C – I, K: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210607/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C), in posterior part organized into groups. A row of about 90 setules of variable length along posterior margin at some distance from one on inner side of carapace. Ventral margin almost straight, with about 45 short setae. Valves with several weak longitudal lines in posteroventral portion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF87FFA6FF39FB48FC39FAA2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FF39FB48FE98FB32" box="[201,262,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Head</emphasis>
triangle-round in lateral view. Eye larger than ocellus. Shape of head shield as usual for the genus, with maximum width behind the mandibular articulation. Rostrum short, broadly rounded (
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF87FFA6FB82FB6CFB26FAD6" box="[1138,1208,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1796,1819]" captionTargetBox="[163,1417,206,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. A, general view. B – C, head, lateral and ventral view. D, valve posterior portion, inner view. E – F, postabdomen. G, postabdominal claws. H, antennule. I, antenna. J, limb I, distal portion. Scale bars, A: 0.1 mm; B – J: 0.01 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210608/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B, C, 6B). Posterior margin of head shield broadly rounded. Two main head pores with narrow connection between them (
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF87FFA6FAC2FA80FAE9FAEA" box="[1330,1399,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,196,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., A, parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. B – J parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. B, general view. C, posteroventral corner of valves. D, head pores. E, labrum. F, postabdomen. G, antennule and outline of rostrum. H, antenna. I, maxillule. J – K, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. J, general view. K, postabdomen. Scale bars, A – B, J: 0.1 mm; C – I, K: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210607/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D), posterior major head pore larger than anterior, PP about 1 IP. Lateral head pores with trilobed cosmaria, located about 1 IP distance from midline, at level of anterior major head pore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF87FFA6FF39FA1CFBDEFA3E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FF39FA1CFEBCFA46" box="[201,290,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Labrum</emphasis>
morphology usual for the genus. Labral keel with a blunt apex (
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF87FFA6FC00FA1CFBACFA46" box="[1008,1074,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,196,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., A, parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. B – J parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. B, general view. C, posteroventral corner of valves. D, head pores. E, labrum. F, postabdomen. G, antennule and outline of rostrum. H, antenna. I, maxillule. J – K, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. J, general view. K, postabdomen. Scale bars, A – B, J: 0.1 mm; C – I, K: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210607/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E). Anterior margin of keel convex, without denticles, posterior margin without any clusters of setules. Indentations on the lateral sides of labrum similar to those found in species of 
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF87FFA6FDD6FA54FD01FA3E" box="[550,671,1484,1508]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Karualona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FDD6FA54FD01FA3E" box="[550,671,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Karualona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="4D144B74FF87FFA6FD2AFA55FBAAFA3E" author="Dumont" box="[730,1076,1484,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Dumont, H. J. &amp; Silva-Briano, M. (2000) Karualona n. gen. (Anomopoda: Chydoridae), with a description of two new species, and a key to all known species. Hydrobiologia, 435, 61 - 82." type="journal article" year="2000">Dumont &amp; Silva-Briano, 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF87FFA6FF39FA68FD0FF9D2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[201,657,1520,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FF39FA68FE84F9D2" box="[201,282,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thorax</emphasis>
and a 
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FEACFA68FE2BF9D2" box="[348,437,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">bdomen</emphasis>
subequal in length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF87FFA6FF39F98CFDD0F8AA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FF39F98CFEFCF9F6" box="[201,354,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Postabdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF87FFA6FE84F98CFE26F9F6" box="[372,440,1556,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,196,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., A, parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. B – J parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. B, general view. C, posteroventral corner of valves. D, head pores. E, labrum. F, postabdomen. G, antennule and outline of rostrum. H, antenna. I, maxillule. J – K, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. J, general view. K, postabdomen. Scale bars, A – B, J: 0.1 mm; C – I, K: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210607/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
F, 4D,E, 6D) moderately short and broad, with broadly rounded distal portion, length about 2.3–2.4 height. Ventral margin straight. Distal margin almost straight, rounded angle between distal and dorsal margins. Dorsal margin convex in postanal part and concave in anal part, with distal part about 1.3 times longer than preanal one, with postanal portion slightly longer than anal one. Preanal angle as long blunt protrusion, postanal angle weakly defined. Preanal margin weakly concave. Postabdomen provided with 5–6 very short marginal postanal denticles, and with 3–4 groups of marginal setules on anal margin. About ten well-developed lateral fascicles of setules (
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF87FFA6FEB3F974FE04F8DE" box="[323,410,1772,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A – E" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1887,1910]" captionTargetBox="[211,1375,210,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[194,1392,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. A – E. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from a tributary of Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. A, general view. B – C, head, lateral view. D – E, postabdomen and armature of its postanal margin. F – J, Matralona freyi, parthenogenetic female from Rantan Abang marshes, Terengganu, Malaysia (PARATYPE). F, general view. G, head. H, main head pores. I, postabdomen. J, ventral margin of valve. Scale bars, A, F, I – J: 0.1 mm; B – E, G – H: 0.01 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210610/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
), posteriormost setae of postanal fascicles very thick and long, three times longer than marginal denticles. Postabdominal claw (
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF87FFA6FDA4F888FD03F8F2" box="[596,669,1808,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1796,1819]" captionTargetBox="[163,1417,206,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. A, general view. B – C, head, lateral and ventral view. D, valve posterior portion, inner view. E – F, postabdomen. G, postabdominal claws. H, antennule. I, antenna. J, limb I, distal portion. Scale bars, A: 0.1 mm; B – J: 0.01 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210608/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
G) weakly curved, slender, little shorter than preanal margin of postabdomen. Basal spine moderately short, thin, about 1/4 length of claw itself. One-two small spines located near the base of claw before the basal spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF87FFA6FF39F8E4FAC3F806" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF87FFA6FF39F8E4FEA5F84E" box="[201,315,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Antennule</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF87FFA6FEBBF8E4FE13F84E" box="[331,397,1916,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,196,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., A, parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. B – J parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. B, general view. C, posteroventral corner of valves. D, head pores. E, labrum. F, postabdomen. G, antennule and outline of rostrum. H, antenna. I, maxillule. J – K, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. J, general view. K, postabdomen. Scale bars, A – B, J: 0.1 mm; C – I, K: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210607/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G, 4H, 6C) with four clusters of setules on inner face. Antennular sensory seta slender, two times shorter than antennule, arising at 2/3 distance from the base. Nine aesthetascs, longest of them subequal in length to antennule, others little shorter. All aesthetascs projecting beyond anterior margin of the head shield.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7DFA660DFF86FFA7FF67F8D8FF66F82A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210607/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[155,1433,196,1799]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="293A3685FF86FFA7FF67F8D8FF66F82A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1856,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF86FFA7FF67F8D8FE8AF88C" bold="true" box="[151,276,1856,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF86FFA7FEEBF8D8FDBBF88D" box="[283,549,1856,1879]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF86FFA7FEEBF8D8FDBBF88D" box="[283,549,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Anthalona sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C257ECFF86FFA7FDDDF8D9FDE1F88C" box="[557,639,1857,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF86FFA7FDDDF8D9FDE1F88C" bold="true" box="[557,639,1857,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, A, parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. B–J parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. B, general view. C, posteroventral corner of valves. D, head pores. E, labrum. F, postabdomen. G, antennule and outline of rostrum. H, antenna. I, maxillule. J–K, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. J, general view. K, postabdomen. Scale bars, A–B, J: 0.1 mm; C–I, K: 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7DFA660DFF89FFA8FF67F89CFF66F8AC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210608/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[163,1417,206,1759]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="293A3685FF89FFA8FF67F89CFF66F8AC" blockId="8.[151,1436,1796,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF89FFA8FF67F89CFE8AF8C0" bold="true" box="[151,276,1796,1819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF89FFA8FEECF89DFDB9F8C1" box="[284,551,1797,1819]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF89FFA8FEECF89DFDB9F8C1" box="[284,551,1797,1819]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anthalona sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C257ECFF89FFA8FDC0F89DFD1CF8C0" box="[560,642,1797,1818]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF89FFA8FDC0F89DFD1CF8C0" bold="true" box="[560,642,1797,1818]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. A, general view. B–C, head, lateral and ventral view. D, valve posterior portion, inner view. E–F, postabdomen. G, postabdominal claws. H, antennule. I, antenna. J, limb I, distal portion. Scale bars, A: 0.1 mm; B–J: 0.01 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7DFA660DFF88FFA9FF67F9A0FE06F913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210609/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[158,1417,194,1547]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="293A3685FF88FFA9FF67F9A0FE06F913" blockId="9.[151,1436,1592,1737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF88FFA9FF67F9A0FE8BF994" bold="true" box="[151,277,1592,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF88FFA9FEEEF9A0FDB4F994" box="[286,554,1592,1614]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF88FFA9FEEEF9A0FDB4F994" box="[286,554,1592,1614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Anthalona sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF88FFA9FDC4F9A1FD19F994" bold="true" box="[564,647,1593,1614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C257ECFF88FFA9FDC4F9A1FD19F994" box="[564,647,1593,1614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A–H, parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. A, limb I. B, ODL and IDL of limb I. C, limb II. D, exopodite of limb II. E, exopodite of limb III. F–G, inner portion of limb III. H, exopodite of limb IV. I, inner portion of limb IV. J, limb V. K–L, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam, limb I in inner and outer view. Scale bar 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF88FFA9FF39F96DFB5EF81B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1781,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF88FFA9FF39F96DFEB8F8D7" box="[201,294,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF88FFA9FEC8F96DFEE3F8D7" box="[312,381,1781,1805]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,196,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., A, parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. B – J parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. B, general view. C, posteroventral corner of valves. D, head pores. E, labrum. F, postabdomen. G, antennule and outline of rostrum. H, antenna. I, maxillule. J – K, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. J, general view. K, postabdomen. Scale bars, A – B, J: 0.1 mm; C – I, K: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210607/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
H, 
<date id="5D3B1045FF88FFA9FE53F96DFE22F8D7" box="[419,444,1781,1805]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4I</date>
) with antennal formula setae 0-0-3/1-1-3, spines 1-0-1/0-0-1. Basal segment massive, branches of moderate length, basalmost segments of both branches 1.5 times longer than others. Seta arising from basal segment of endopodite thin, not reaching tip of distal segment. Seta arising from middle segment of endopodite of similar size with apical setae. Apical setae of similar size and thickness. Spine on basal segment of exopodite 1.5 times longer than middle segment. Apical spines 1.5 times longer than apical segments. Clusters of very long setules at the base of basal segment, and at the end of middle segment of endopodite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF88FFA9FF39F856FE4AF83C" blockId="9.[151,1436,1781,2022]" box="[201,468,1997,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF88FFA9FF39F856FEA1F83C" box="[201,319,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mandibles</emphasis>
as for genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39FF00FCA1FF75" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[201,831,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39FF00FEB3FF6A" box="[201,301,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Maxillae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF8BFFAAFECCFF0FFEE3FF75" box="[316,381,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,196,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., A, parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. B – J parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. B, general view. C, posteroventral corner of valves. D, head pores. E, labrum. F, postabdomen. G, antennule and outline of rostrum. H, antenna. I, maxillule. J – K, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. J, general view. K, postabdomen. Scale bars, A – B, J: 0.1 mm; C – I, K: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210607/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Fig. 
<date id="5D3B1045FF8BFFAAFE80FF0FFEE3FF75" box="[368,381,151,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</date>
</figureCitation>
I) with two setae setulated in distal part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39FF24FE6DFF0E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[201,499,188,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39FF24FEE5FF0E" box="[201,379,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thoracic limbs:</emphasis>
five pairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39FF78FACAFE76" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39FF78FE84FF22" box="[201,282,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Llimb I</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF8BFFAAFEDAFF47FEF0FF2D" box="[298,366,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1796,1819]" captionTargetBox="[163,1417,206,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. A, general view. B – C, head, lateral and ventral view. D, valve posterior portion, inner view. E – F, postabdomen. G, postabdominal claws. H, antennule. I, antenna. J, limb I, distal portion. Scale bars, A: 0.1 mm; B – J: 0.01 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210608/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
J, 5A, B) of moderate size. Epipodite oval, with short finger-like projection. Accessory seta not found. ODL seta with short setules in distal part. IDL setae long, longer as ODL seta, without any denticles, with strong setules in distal part. Endite 3 with four setae subequal in length. On endite 2 there are three setae of different length, middle of them (e) longer than ODL seta. Endite 1 with two 2-segmented setae (g–h), and a flat, geniculated, plumose seta in distal part (i) shifted to the limb base. No naked setae on anterior face of limb were found. Six rows of long setules on ventral face of limb. Two ejector hooks, one of them 1.5 times longer than other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39FE20FDF6FD85" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39FE20FE80FE0A" box="[201,286,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Limb II</emphasis>
triangle-rounded (
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF8BFFAAFE00FE2FFDAAFE15" box="[496,564,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[158,1417,194,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1571]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov. A – H, parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. A, limb I. B, ODL and IDL of limb I. C, limb II. D, exopodite of limb II. E, exopodite of limb III. F – G, inner portion of limb III. H, exopodite of limb IV. I, inner portion of limb IV. J, limb V. K – L, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam, limb I in inner and outer view. Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210609/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C, D). Exopodite elongated, of irregular shape, no exopodite seta was found. Inner portion of limb with eight scraping spines increasing progressively in length distally, with exception of scraper 6, which is shorter than scraper 7. Scrapers 3 and 6 with denticles slightly larger than that of surrounding scrapers. Distal armature of gnathobase with four elements. Filter plate II with seven setae, two posteriormost member considerably shorter than others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39FDF4FF48FC86" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39FDF4FEB8FD5E" box="[201,294,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Limb III</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF8BFFAAFEC6FDF4FEE6FD5E" box="[310,376,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[158,1417,194,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1571]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov. A – H, parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. A, limb I. B, ODL and IDL of limb I. C, limb II. D, exopodite of limb II. E, exopodite of limb III. F – G, inner portion of limb III. H, exopodite of limb IV. I, inner portion of limb IV. J, limb V. K – L, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam, limb I in inner and outer view. Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210609/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E–F). Epipodite oval, without any projection. Exopodite elongated, with six setae. Seta 3 longest, 3 times longer than setae 4 and 5, seta 4 little shorter than seta 5, all other setae very short. Setae 1–4 plumose, seta 5 with thick setules in distal part, seta 6 naked. Distal endite with 3 setae, two distalmost members (1–2) slen- der, with denticles in distal part and small sensillum located between their bases; basalmost seta (3) small, flattened, bilaterally provided with setules. Basal endite with 4 setae. Four slender sharp soft setae; a small-sensillumlike element near the basalmost of them. Gnathobase with sensillum and geniculated seta. Filter plate III with seven setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39FCF0FC77FBCA" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39FCF0FEBBFC5A" box="[201,293,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Limb IV</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF8BFFAAFEC4FCFFFEE9FCA5" box="[308,375,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[158,1417,194,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1571]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov. A – H, parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. A, limb I. B, ODL and IDL of limb I. C, limb II. D, exopodite of limb II. E, exopodite of limb III. F – G, inner portion of limb III. H, exopodite of limb IV. I, inner portion of limb IV. J, limb V. K – L, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam, limb I in inner and outer view. Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210609/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
H, I). Pre-epipodite setulated, epipodite oval, with short finger-like projection. Exopodite subrectangular. Setae 1–4 long, plumose, seta 3 being longest, setae 5–6 short, naked, 3 times shorter than seta 3. Inner portion of limb IV with four setae, a scraper (1) and three flaming torch setae (2–4), and a sensillum. Distalmost flaming-torch (2) seta 3 times larger than others. Three soft setae increasing in size basally. Gnathobase with a long 2-segmented seta and a small projection distally. Filter plate with five setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39FB84FC0EFB7A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39FB84FE84FBEE" box="[201,282,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Limb V</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF8BFFAAFED9FB84FEF3FBEE" box="[297,365,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[158,1417,194,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1571]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov. A – H, parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. A, limb I. B, ODL and IDL of limb I. C, limb II. D, exopodite of limb II. E, exopodite of limb III. F – G, inner portion of limb III. H, exopodite of limb IV. I, inner portion of limb IV. J, limb V. K – L, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam, limb I in inner and outer view. Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210609/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
J). Pre-epipodite setulated. Epipodite oval, with short finger-like projection. Exopodite oval, not subdivided into two lobe, with four plumose setae. Setae 1–3 long, evenly decreasing in size basally, seta 4 short, 5 times shorter than seta 1. Inner lobe broad oval, with setulated inner margin. At inner face, two setae, one equal in length to seta 2 of exopodite, other 2.5 times shorter. No filter plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39FB33FD84FB1E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[201,538,1195,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39FB33FE03FB1E" bold="true" box="[201,413,1195,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ephippial female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39FB48FF70FAEA" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39FB48FE93FB32" bold="true" box="[201,269,1232,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Male.</emphasis>
A single somewhat deformed specimen was studied and afterwards dissected. Body oval (
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF8BFFAAFACAFB48FA1EFB32" box="[1338,1408,1232,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,196,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., A, parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. B – J parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. B, general view. C, posteroventral corner of valves. D, head pores. E, labrum. F, postabdomen. G, antennule and outline of rostrum. H, antenna. I, maxillule. J – K, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. J, general view. K, postabdomen. Scale bars, A – B, J: 0.1 mm; C – I, K: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210607/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
J), appear to be slightly lower than that of female. Ocellus and eye larger than in female, eye two times larger than ocellus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39FAA4FE0DF9F6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39FAA4FEFCFA8E" box="[201,354,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Postabdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF8BFFAAFE83FAA4FE2BFA8E" box="[371,437,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,196,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov., A, parthenogenetic female from a roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. B – J parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. B, general view. C, posteroventral corner of valves. D, head pores. E, labrum. F, postabdomen. G, antennule and outline of rostrum. H, antenna. I, maxillule. J – K, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. J, general view. K, postabdomen. Scale bars, A – B, J: 0.1 mm; C – I, K: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210607/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
K) more narrow than in female, weakly narrowing distally, not curved. Ventral margin straight, with clear step in region of gonopores. Gonopores located at 1/5 length of ventral margin from the end of postabdomen. Distal angle broadly rounded, postanal and anal margin straight. Distal part of postabdomen 2 times longer than preanal part. Postanal angle not defined, preanal angle as prominent as in female. Clusters of short setules in place of marginal denticles, lateral fascicles of setules similar to these of female, but with thinner distal setules. Postabdominal claw two times shorter than that of female, strongly curved, with long thin basal spine about 1/ 3 length of claw itself.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39F9A0FC14F966" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39F9A0FEE3F98A" box="[201,381,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thoracic limb I</emphasis>
more stout than that of female (
<figureCitation id="B1BE2A00FF8BFFAAFD0BF9A0FCDEF98A" box="[763,832,1592,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[158,1417,194,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1571]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthalona sanoamuangae sp. nov. A – H, parthenogenetic female from a tributary of the Mekong River, Dong Luang District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand. A, limb I. B, ODL and IDL of limb I. C, limb II. D, exopodite of limb II. E, exopodite of limb III. F – G, inner portion of limb III. H, exopodite of limb IV. I, inner portion of limb IV. J, limb V. K – L, adult male from roadside ditch in Ma Da forest, Dong Nai National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam, limb I in inner and outer view. Scale bar 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210609/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
K–L), with short U-shaped copulatory hook 2 times shorter than limb itself. Copulatory brush present, copulatory brush seta short. Ventral face of limb below them with ten long setules, followed by ten shorter setules. IDL setae 2 and 3 subequal in length, much thinner than in female, male seta thick, almost straight, slightly shorter than seta 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39F95FFF54F8DE" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39F95FFE9CF93A" bold="true" box="[201,258,1735,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Size:</emphasis>
length of three adult female was 
<quantity id="EE7D9B60FF8BFFAAFD79F950FCAFF93A" box="[649,817,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.355" valueMax="0.37" valueMin="0.34">0.34–0.37 mm</quantity>
, in single deformed adult male length was about 
<quantity id="EE7D9B60FF8BFFAAFA9BF950FF58F8DE" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="619F650EFF8BFFABFF39F897FC1AFE76" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39F897FA03F8F2" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[201,1437,1807,1832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39F897FEFCF8F2" bold="true" box="[201,354,1807,1832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
Recorded from North-East 
<collectingCountry id="51927615FF8BFFAAFD69F888FD62F8F2" box="[665,764,1808,1832]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and South 
<collectingCountry id="51927615FF8BFFAAFC8AF888FC43F8F2" box="[890,989,1808,1832]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. Possibly distributed all over Indochina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8BFFAAFF39F8ABFA02F806" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFF39F8ABFE09F896" bold="true" box="[201,407,1843,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF8BFFAAFE50F8ACFD5BF896" box="[416,709,1844,1868]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFE50F8ACFD5BF896" box="[416,709,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Anthalona sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C257ECFF8BFFAAFD3DF8ACFCB9F896" box="[717,807,1844,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFD3DF8ACFCB9F896" bold="true" box="[717,807,1844,1868]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
shares numerous common features with 
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF8BFFAAFB04F8ACFAF7F896" box="[1268,1385,1844,1868]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFB04F8ACFAF7F896" box="[1268,1385,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="4D144B74FF8BFFAAFA80F8ADFD9AF8AA" author="Van" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Van Damme, K., Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Dumont, H. G. (2011) Separation of Anthalona gen. n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines. Zootaxa, 2875, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="2011">Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont, 2011</bibRefCitation>
, the presumed basalmost species of 
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFC69F8C0FB90F8AA" box="[921,1038,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Anthalona</emphasis>
(Van Damme 
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFB5FF8C1FB76F8AA" box="[1199,1256,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2011). Three of them are unique for the genus: (1) no typical scraping modifications on the first and second limbs (IDL and P2 scrapers); (2) an expanded gnathobase on the second limb, and (3) a cluster of long setules on basal segment of antennal exopodite. The two first features are adaptations for feeding on fine organic particles (Van Damme 
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8BFFAAFA93F85DFA02F806" box="[1379,1436,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="293A3685FF8AFFABFF67FF0FFC1AFE76" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
2011), while the significance of the third is unclear. Like in 
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF8AFFABFCC4FF00FC36FF6A" box="[820,936,152,176]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFCC4FF00FC36FF6A" box="[820,936,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the fourth and fifth limbs in 
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF8AFFABFB03FF00FF5EFF0E" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFB03FF00FF5EFF0E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C257ECFF8AFFABFF37FF24FEBCFF0E" box="[199,290,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFF37FF24FEBCFF0E" bold="true" box="[199,290,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
have longer plumose setae than in other 
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFD05FF24FCF4FF0E" box="[757,874,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Anthalona</emphasis>
species, required for obtaining oxygen in benthic environments. So, like 
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF8AFFABFE6DFF78FD8CFF22" box="[413,530,224,248]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFE6DFF78FD8CFF22" box="[413,530,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Van Damme 
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFD14FF79FC83FF22" box="[740,797,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2011
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFCACFF78FBA0FF22" box="[860,1086,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
), 
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF8AFFABFC84FF78FBA0FF22" box="[884,1086,224,248]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae" status="sp. nov.">A. sanoamuangae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C257ECFF8AFFABFBB6FF78FB3EFF22" box="[1094,1184,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFBB6FF78FB3EFF22" bold="true" box="[1094,1184,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a presumable muddweller, specialized on feeding on a fine organic matter. It is well-known that the clusters of strong setules on the antenna exopodite are characteristic of bethic anomopods (
<bibRefCitation id="4D144B74FF8AFFABFCD9FEBFFC2BFEE5" author="Kotov" box="[809,949,295,319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Kotov, A. A. (2006) Adaptations of the Anomopoda (Cladocera) for benthic mode of life. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 85, 1043 - 1059." type="journal article" year="2006">Kotov 2006</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF8AFFABFC37FEB0FBA3FE9A" box="[967,1085,296,320]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFC37FEB0FBA3FE9A" box="[967,1085,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF8AFFABFB83FEB0FAA2FE9A" box="[1139,1340,296,320]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFB83FEB0FAA2FE9A" box="[1139,1340,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C257ECFF8AFFABFAB2FEB0FA02FE9A" box="[1346,1436,296,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFAB2FEB0FA02FE9A" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,296,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
form a separate group within the genus, which is characterized by its own apomorphies, this clade is a sister group to the main branch of the 
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFE4DFEE8FDAFFE52" box="[445,561,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Anthalona</emphasis>
, which evolved as scrapping animals. Limited distribution and rarity suggest the relict nature of the 
<taxonomicName id="EE854D06FF8AFFABFE65FE0CFE74FE76" box="[405,490,404,428]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="1BF1EA97FF8AFFABFE65FE0CFE74FE76" box="[405,490,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-branch sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="4D144B74FF8AFFABFD7CFE0CFC1EFE76" author="Korovchinsky" box="[652,896,404,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Korovchinsky, N. M. (2006) The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) as a relict group. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 147, 109 - 124." type="journal article" year="2006">Korovchinsky (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>