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<document id="DF1584BC4F13081D0BAF45FF05E266EB" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725581356715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem &amp; Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2018" docId="03E887F4DF63FFB819D43B1CF23AF96C" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.363.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 363 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centaurea zarrei Negaresh 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD1FF8CDF12FFCC195C3E3CF14EFF83" masterDocTitle="A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725593506943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D43D81E2AF4C5A341F3EEED2C1FEAA5A">A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7ED78B5010E8A82E4DB76A3F0CB607B3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1565130535D68E3C3E58DF7DE705099A">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="748829A130E55ED0931744A3A2859F1E">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7DD7AB8E8D6A70AF20B1E19F35CA0B53" type="email">negaresh@ramin.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0AC52798533212D8D5646C3A33772B1E">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3521B62BF2C46D2E9987739A0DBCB920">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) &amp; Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. &amp; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CF5E21256DA436781413CD031085995F" type="email">negaresh@ramin.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B35CEBF7F034226A3B6D2FAB1C2EA2FA">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="99F2EF68FA1CDD0552D06FC1216F2F94">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E887F4DF63FFB819D43B1CF23AF96C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703832" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703832" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF63FFB819D43B1CF23AF96C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887F4DF63FFB819D43B1CF23AF96C" lastPageId="116" pageId="113">
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF63FFBD19D43B1CF3F8FABA" box="[136,694,1310,1337]" pageId="113" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF63FFBD19D43B1CF3F8FABA" blockId="113.[136,1452,1310,1659]" box="[136,694,1310,1337]" pageId="113">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF63FFBD19D43B1CF1E5FABA" bold="true" box="[136,171,1312,1337]" pageId="113">37.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF63FFBD19EE3B22F0A7FABA" ID-CoL="69GF8" authority="Negaresh" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[178,489,1310,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zarrei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF63FFBD19EE3B22F03BFABB" bold="true" box="[178,373,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="113">Centaurea zarrei</emphasis>
Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF63FFBD18A83B1CF300FABA" bold="true" box="[500,590,1312,1337]" pageId="113">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A206578BDF63FFBD18A83B1CF300FABA" box="[500,590,1312,1337]" pageId="113" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF63FFBD1B013B1CF3E0FABA" box="[605,686,1312,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="114.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 78. Centaurea zarrei Negaresh (Zarre 63, E)." pageId="113">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF63FFBF19D43B7AF02EFE5A" lastPageId="115" pageId="113" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF63FFBD19D43B7AF223F9B0" blockId="113.[136,1452,1310,1659]" pageId="113">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF63FFBD19D43B7AF223F9B0" italics="true" pageId="113">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF63FFBD19D43B7AF0C3FAD8" box="[136,397,1350,1371]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaureae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="doddsii" subSpecies="affinis">Centaureae doddsii affinis</taxonomicName>
, a qua plantis ca.
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(nec
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD1BE03B7AF253FAD8" box="[700,797,1350,1371]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="113" unit="cm" value="82.5" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="75.0">7590 cm</quantity>
) altis, foliis rigidis, laminis ± suffulsitis,
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF63FFBD1DEB3B7AF468FAD8" box="[1207,1318,1350,1371]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phlomoides">phlomoides</taxonomicName>
(nec in sicco papyraceis), foliis caulinis inferioribus 1418 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD1BF43B56F3BFFAFC" box="[680,753,1386,1407]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="113" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">57 cm</quantity>
(nec 2034 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD1AD13B56F2BFFAFC" box="[909,1009,1386,1407]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="113" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">1012 cm</quantity>
), foliis caulinis mediis ca. 1213 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD1C3F3B56F197FA20" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="113" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.4">3.43.6 cm</quantity>
(nec (10)1730 ×
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), capitulis pauciis, 56, in racemo dispositis, pedunculis brevibus, ± equalis, 2.53(7) cm longis (nec pluribus, 1012, in spica vel racemo dispositis, inferioribus sessilibus, superioribus subsessilibus vel pedunculis ad
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longis), appendicibus phyllorum triangularibus vel elongatis triangularibus, brunneis vel pallide brunneis, erectis (nec lanceolatis, stramineis vel pallide brunneis, saepe reflexis vel squarrosis), ciliis rigidis,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD1ACC3BC6F293F98C" box="[912,989,1530,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="113" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">25 mm</quantity>
longis (nec membranaceis, (2)
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD1C533BC6F413F98C" box="[1295,1373,1530,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="113" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">48 mm</quantity>
longis), spinis terminalibus appendicum
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD18AA3822F301F9B0" box="[502,591,1566,1587]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="113" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">612 mm</quantity>
(nec
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD1BD83822F390F9B0" box="[644,734,1566,1587]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="113" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="8.0">817 mm</quantity>
) longis differt.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF63FFBD19D4387EF010F9F8" blockId="113.[136,1452,1310,1659]" pageId="113">
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF63FFBD19D4387EF014F9F8" collectingDate="1997-08-09" collectionCode="E" country="Turkey" county="Type" elevation="1500" location="Saimbeyli" municipality="Tufanbeyli" pageId="113" specimenCode="B6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kayseri" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty id="629F4E6EDF63FFBD19D4387EF1F7F9D4" box="[136,185,1602,1623]" pageId="113">Type</collectingCounty>
:—
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.
<specimenCode id="DBE79E99DF63FFBD181C387EF012F9D4" box="[320,348,1602,1623]" collectionCode="B" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="113" type="Herbarium">B6</specimenCode>
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF63FFBD183E387EF0FEF9D4" box="[354,432,1602,1623]" country="Turkey" name="Kayseri" pageId="113">Kayseri</collectingRegion>
:
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to
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF63FFBD1B5A387EF320F9D4" box="[518,622,1602,1623]" pageId="113">Tufanbeyli</collectingMunicipality>
from
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, margin of field,
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<elevation id="006CD1D1DF63FFBD1AF3387EF2B7F9D4" box="[943,1017,1602,1623]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="113" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFFF1022DF63FFBD1D5E387EF5C1F9D4" box="[1026,1167,1602,1623]" pageId="113" value="1997-08-09">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9CADF63FFBD1D5E387EF5C1F9D4" box="[1026,1167,1602,1623]" pageId="113" value="1997-08-09">9 August 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF63FFBD1DC4387EF5A2F9D4" box="[1176,1260,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="113">Zarre 63</emphasis>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF63FFBD1C0F387EF429F9D4" box="[1363,1383,1602,1623]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="113" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
!, photo herb. Negaresh)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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Biennial plants, with thick fleshy taproot, whole plant usually green, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD1AE53890F2B1F946" box="[953,1023,1708,1733]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="113" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
tall; collar of fibrous petiolar remains present at stem base. Stem erect, always simple, greenish, ca.
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in diam. at base, cylindrical, with thick greenish-yellow striations, loosely leafy throughout, lower part purplish, lower to median parts densely covered with hirsute-articulate hairs, upper part ± loosely covered with arachnoid hairs. Leaves rigid, consistent, blade ± propped, similar to leaves of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF63FFBD18473900F039F8D6" box="[283,375,1852,1877]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF63FFBD18473900F039F8D6" box="[283,375,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="113">Phlomis</emphasis>
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, loosely covered with short hirsute-articulate hairs, especially along midrib and veins. Basal leaves petiolate, undivided, sometimes basally with two small segments, lanceolate, 2628 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD1DF0395CF44AF8FA" box="[1196,1284,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="113" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">68 cm</quantity>
, acute at apex, entire or remotely denticulate at margins. Lower cauline leaves simple, with a
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD1AB239B8F50EF81E" box="[1006,1088,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="113" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">37 cm</quantity>
petiole, lanceolate, 1418 ×
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, entire or denticulate at margins, acute at apex. Median cauline leaves sessile, elongate-lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, ca. 1213 ×
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD182539F0F0B2F866" box="[377,508,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="113" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.4">3.43.6 cm</quantity>
, narrowly decurrent, up to
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along stem, entire, acute at apex. Upper cauline leaves successively smaller, simple, sessile, narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, (4)810 × (0.8)
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF63FFBD1C4C39CCF432F78A" box="[1296,1404,2032,2057]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="113" unit="cm" value="1.6" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.2">1.22 cm</quantity>
, not decurrent, entire, acuminate or mucronate at apex. Capitula few, 5 to 6, arranged in a raceme, peduncles short, ± equal, 2.53(7) cm long. Involucres oblong or oblong-ovoid, 3235 × 2225(27) mm. Phyllaries multiseriate, greenish-yellow, imbricate, coriaceous. Appendages large, totally concealing phyllaries, rigid, not decurrent, brown or pale brown, triangular or elongate triangular,
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wide at base (excluding cilia); cilia straw-coloured, rigid, ± patent, numerous, (4)57(8) on each side,
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long; spines narrowly triangular,
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long, longer than adjacent cilia. Flowers purple in sicco; central florets hermaphroditic,
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long, corolla
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF61FFBF1D113F0CF588FECA" box="[1101,1222,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="115" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">1416 mm</quantity>
long, 5-lobed, lobes
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF61FFBF19D43F68F1A9FEEE" box="[136,231,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="115" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">67 mm</quantity>
long; peripheral florets sterile, slightly longer than central ones, numerous (ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF61FFBF1D233F68F5F5FEEE" box="[1151,1211,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="115" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
each capitulum) and conspicuous, finely dissected, slightly radiant, 5-lobed, limb lobes linear,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF61FFBF1A883F44F57DFE12" box="[980,1075,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="115" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">67 mm</quantity>
long. Achenes oblong, ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF61FFBF1C303F44F1FAFE36" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="115" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.5">5.56 mm</quantity>
long, glabrescent. Pappus persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, whitish,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF61FFBF1AE73FA0F57DFE36" box="[955,1075,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="115" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">1012 mm</quantity>
long, bristles of inner rows much shorter than others.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF60FFBE19D4399DF3D0F835" box="[136,670,1953,1974]" pageId="114" startId="114.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF60FFBE19D4399DF3D0F835" blockId="114.[136,670,1953,1974]" box="[136,670,1953,1974]" pageId="114">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF60FFBE19D4399DF047F835" bold="true" box="[136,265,1953,1974]" pageId="114">FIGURE 78.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF60FFBE1853399DF35DF835" authority="Negaresh" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[271,531,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zarrei">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF60FFBE1853399DF0FCF835" box="[271,434,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="114">Centaurea zarrei</emphasis>
Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF60FFBE1B7D399DF33BF835" box="[545,629,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="114">Zarre 63</emphasis>
, E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF61FFB819E13FD8F23AF96C" lastPageId="116" pageId="115" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF61FFBF19E13FD8F450FE7E" blockId="115.[136,1452,160,833]" box="[189,1310,484,509]" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19E13FD8F070FE7E" bold="true" box="[189,318,484,509]" pageId="115">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet is given in honour of Dr. Shahin Zarre who collected the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF61FFBF19E13C34F200FCC2" blockId="115.[136,1452,160,833]" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19E13C34F333FDA2" bold="true" box="[189,637,520,545]" pageId="115">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1BC53C34F219FDA2" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[665,855,520,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zarrei">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1BC53C34F219FDA2" box="[665,855,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="115">Centaurea zarrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very rare endemic to
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF61FFBF1D2B3C34F475FDA2" box="[1143,1339,520,545]" country="Turkey" name="Kayseri" pageId="115">Kayseri Province</collectingRegion>
, S
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF61FFBF1C003C34F4E2FDA2" box="[1372,1452,520,545]" name="Turkey" pageId="115">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF61FFBF19CC3C10F1A8FDC6" box="[144,230,556,581]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="111.[136,229,1314,1335]" captionTargetBox="[159,1391,546,1268]" captionTargetId="figure-184@111.[151,1436,533,1289]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURE 76. Distribution of Centaurea tomentella (squares), C. zaferii (circles), and C. zarrei (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703620/files/figure.png" pageId="115">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
). It is an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on rocky slopes and fallow fields, at elevations of ca.
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF61FFBF1C123C10F4E9FDC6" box="[1358,1447,556,581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="115" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF19D43C6CF009FDEA" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,327,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zarrei">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19D43C6CF009FDEA" box="[136,327,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="115">Centaurea zarrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF18863C6CF303FDEA" box="[474,589,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaureae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="doddsii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF18863C6CF303FDEA" box="[474,589,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="115">C. doddsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in some characters such as indumentum of stem, size of involucres, color of flowers and appendages totally concealing phyllaries. There are however clear differences between both species (see
<tableCitation id="C6C30359DF61FFBF19D43CA4F1AEFD32" box="[136,224,664,689]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="115.[136,224,881,904]" captionText="TABLE 4. Diagnostic morphological characters of Centaurea zarrei, C. doddsii, C. haradjianii and C. haussknechtii." pageId="115">Table 4</tableCitation>
). This species is also related to
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1B0D3CA4F3BCFD32" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1960" box="[593,754,664,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haradjianii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1B0D3CA4F3BCFD32" box="[593,754,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="115">C. haradjianii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially because of the indumentum of leaves, number of cilia, length of spine and color of flowers (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF61FFBF1B013C80F3E0FD56" box="[605,686,700,725]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="49.[136,229,1924,1945]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,190,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-14@49.[151,1436,190,1899]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 31. Centaurea haradjianii Wagenitz (Haradjian 615, E). A. habit. B. close up of capitule. C. phyllaries. Scale B = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703488/files/figure.png" pageId="115">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
), but there are several differences (see
<tableCitation id="C6C30359DF61FFBF1D003C80F5FFFD56" box="[1116,1201,700,725]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="115.[136,224,881,904]" captionText="TABLE 4. Diagnostic morphological characters of Centaurea zarrei, C. doddsii, C. haradjianii and C. haussknechtii." pageId="115">Table 4</tableCitation>
). In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1C163C80F4E5FD56" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[1354,1451,700,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zarrei">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1C163C80F4E5FD56" box="[1354,1451,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="115">C. zarrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares some characters such as appendages totally concealing phyllaries and flowers purple with
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1DE43CDCF421FD7A" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1208,1391,736,761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haussknechtii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1DE43CDCF421FD7A" box="[1208,1391,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="115">C. haussknechtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF61FFBF1C223CDCF1E9FC9E" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="50.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[196,1393,203,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-17@50.[194,1393,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 32. Centaurea haussknechtii Boissier (Haussknecht s.n., G). A. habit. B. close up of capitule. Scale B = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703492/files/figure.png" pageId="115">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
), although by some pronounced features (see
<tableCitation id="C6C30359DF61FFBF1BF43D38F3B2FC9E" box="[680,764,772,797]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="115.[136,224,881,904]" captionText="TABLE 4. Diagnostic morphological characters of Centaurea zarrei, C. doddsii, C. haradjianii and C. haussknechtii." pageId="115">Table 4</tableCitation>
) it differs from the latter. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1DFA3D38F446FC9E" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[1190,1288,772,797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zarrei">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1DFA3D38F446FC9E" box="[1190,1288,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="115">C. zarrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
prefers higher elevations than
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF18643D14F0E4FCC2" box="[312,426,808,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaureae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="doddsii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF18643D14F0E4FCC2" box="[312,426,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="115">C. doddsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF18E53D14F316FCC2" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1960" box="[441,600,808,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haradjianii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF18E53D14F316FCC2" box="[441,600,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="115">C. haradjianii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1BD23D14F209FCC2" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1875" box="[654,839,808,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haussknechtii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1BD23D14F209FCC2" box="[654,839,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="115">C. haussknechtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF61FFBF19D43D4DF423FC0B" box="[136,1389,881,904]" pageId="115" startId="115.[136,224,881,904]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF61FFBF19D43D4DF423FC0B" blockId="115.[136,1389,881,904]" box="[136,1389,881,904]" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19D43D4DF1BAFC0B" bold="true" box="[136,244,881,904]" pageId="115">TABLE 4</emphasis>
. Diagnostic morphological characters of
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1BF23D4DF290FC0B" box="[686,990,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="115">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1BF23D4DF22BFC0B" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[686,869,881,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zarrei">Centaurea zarrei</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1A2C3D4DF290FC0B" box="[880,990,881,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaureae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="doddsii">C. doddsii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1AB73D4DF5CCFC0B" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1960" box="[1003,1154,881,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haradjianii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1AB73D4DF5CCFC0B" box="[1003,1154,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="115">C. haradjianii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1DEA3D4DF428FC0B" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1206,1382,881,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haussknechtii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1DEA3D4DF428FC0B" box="[1206,1382,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="115">C. haussknechtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF61FFBF181D3DA9F583F867" pageId="115">
<table id="F941C442DF61003319CC3DA9F4D2F782" box="[144,1436,917,2049]" colsContinueIn="116.[144,1437,199,768]" gridcols="5" gridrows="11" pageId="115">
<tr id="357134A0DF61003319CC3DA9F4D2FC28" box="[144,1436,917,939]" gridrow="0" pageId="115" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76A05DDCDF610033181D3DA9F305FC28" box="[321,587,917,939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="115">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF181D3DA9F0A6FC29" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[321,488,917,938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zarrei">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF181D3DA9F0A6FC29" bold="true" box="[321,488,917,938]" italics="true" pageId="115">Centaurea zarrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A05DDCDF6100331B013DA9F224FC28" box="[605,874,917,939]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="115">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1B013DA9F25CFC28" authorityName="Post" authorityYear="1888" box="[605,786,917,939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="doddsii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1B013DA9F25CFC28" bold="true" box="[605,786,917,939]" italics="true" pageId="115">Centaurea doddsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A05DDCDF6100331A263DA9F5CAFC28" box="[890,1156,917,939]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="115">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1A263DA9F519FC28" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1960" box="[890,1111,917,939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haradjianii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1A263DA9F519FC28" bold="true" box="[890,1111,917,939]" italics="true" pageId="115">Centaurea haradjianii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A05DDCDF6100331DCA3DA9F4D2FC28" box="[1174,1436,917,939]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="115">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF1DCA3DA9F4C3FC28" authority="Stem" authorityName="Stem" box="[1174,1421,917,939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haussknechtii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF1DCA3DA9F4C3FC28" bold="true" box="[1174,1421,917,939]" italics="true" pageId="115">Centaurea haussknechtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF61003319CC3D89F4D2FB8B" box="[144,1436,949,1032]" gridrow="1" pageId="115">
<th id="76A05DDCDF61003319CC3D89F063FB8B" box="[144,301,949,1032]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19CC3D89F18AFC69" bold="true" pageId="115">Stem, tall (cm) Stem</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF610033181D3D89F305FB8B" box="[321,587,949,1032]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="115">ca. 50 loosely leafy throughout</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331B013D89F224FB8B" box="[605,874,949,1032]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="115">7590 densely leafy from lower to median parts</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331A263D89F5CAFB8B" box="[890,1156,949,1032]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="115">70100 sparesly leafy throughout</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331DCA3D89F4D2FB8B" box="[1174,1436,949,1032]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="115">5060 sparsely leafy throughout</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF61003319CC3A2EF4D2FBE1" box="[144,1436,1042,1122]" gridrow="2" pageId="115">
<th id="76A05DDCDF61003319CC3A2EF063FBE1" box="[144,301,1042,1122]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19CC3A2EF199FBA4" bold="true" box="[144,215,1042,1063]" pageId="115">Leaves</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF610033181D3A2EF305FBE1" box="[321,587,1042,1122]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="115">
rigid, consistent, blade ± propped, similar to leaves of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF61FFBF18073A71F0E4FBE1" box="[347,426,1101,1122]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Phlomis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF18073A71F0E4FBE1" box="[347,426,1101,1122]" italics="true" pageId="115">Phlomis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331B013A2EF224FBE1" box="[605,874,1042,1122]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="115">papyraceous (on drying)</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331A263A2EF5CAFBE1" box="[890,1156,1042,1122]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="115">stiff, papyraceous (on drying)</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331DCA3A2EF4D2FBE1" box="[1174,1436,1042,1122]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="115">firm or rigid (on drying)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF61003319CC3A50F4D2FB74" box="[144,1436,1132,1271]" gridrow="3" pageId="115">
<th id="76A05DDCDF61003319CC3A50F063FB74" box="[144,301,1132,1271]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19CC3A50F045FB02" bold="true" box="[144,267,1132,1153]" pageId="115">Basal leaves</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF610033181D3A50F305FB74" box="[321,587,1132,1271]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="115">undivided, sometimes basally with two small segments, lanceolate, entire or remotely denticulate at margins</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331B013A50F224FB74" box="[605,874,1132,1271]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="115">lanceolate or subcordate, entire</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331A263A50F5CAFB74" box="[890,1156,1132,1271]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="115">withered at anthesis</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331DCA3A50F4D2FB74" box="[1174,1436,1132,1271]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="115">lyrate, terminal segments larger, oblong, triangular- ovate or lanceolate, entire or shallowly serrulate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF61003319CC3B3EF4D2FAB7" box="[144,1436,1282,1332]" gridrow="4" pageId="115">
<th id="76A05DDCDF61003319CC3B3EF063FAB7" box="[144,301,1282,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19CC3B3EF04AFAB7" bold="true" pageId="115">Basal leaves, length (cm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF610033181D3B3EF305FAB7" box="[321,587,1282,1332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="115">2628</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331B013B3EF224FAB7" box="[605,874,1282,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="115">2034</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331A263B3EF5CAFAB7" box="[890,1156,1282,1332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="115">-</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331DCA3B3EF4D2FAB7" box="[1174,1436,1282,1332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="115">(7)1230</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF61003319CC3B02F4D2FA0D" box="[144,1436,1342,1422]" gridrow="5" pageId="115">
<th id="76A05DDCDF61003319CC3B02F063FA0D" box="[144,301,1342,1422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19CC3B02F1F0FA0D" bold="true" pageId="115">Lower cauline leaves, length (cm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF610033181D3B02F305FA0D" box="[321,587,1342,1422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="115">1418</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331B013B02F224FA0D" box="[605,874,1342,1422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="115">2034</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331A263B02F5CAFA0D" box="[890,1156,1342,1422]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="115">2438</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331DCA3B02F4D2FA0D" box="[1174,1436,1342,1422]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="115">(7)1230</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF61003319CC3BA4F4D2F9DD" box="[144,1436,1432,1630]" gridrow="6" pageId="115">
<th id="76A05DDCDF61003319CC3BA4F063F9DD" box="[144,301,1432,1630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19CC3BA4F183FA48" bold="true" pageId="115">Median cauline leaves</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF610033181D3BA4F305F9DD" box="[321,587,1432,1630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="115">sessile, elongate-lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, narrowly decurrent, up to 7 mm along stem</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331B013BA4F224F9DD" box="[605,874,1432,1630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="115">sessile, or with short petiole, sometimes with auricles at base, oblanceolate or lanceolate, narrowly toward base, or broadly decurrent along petiole</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331A263BA4F5CAF9DD" box="[890,1156,1432,1630]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="115">petiolate, lanceolate, not decurrent, narrowed toward base</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331DCA3BA4F4D2F9DD" box="[1174,1436,1432,1630]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="115">petiole (7)1230 cm long, lyrate, terminal segments larger, oblong, triangular- ovate or lanceolate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF61003319CC3854F4D2F93B" box="[144,1436,1640,1720]" gridrow="7" pageId="115">
<th id="76A05DDCDF61003319CC3854F063F93B" box="[144,301,1640,1720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19CC3854F1F0F93B" bold="true" pageId="115">Median cauline leaves, size (cm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF610033181D3854F305F93B" box="[321,587,1640,1720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="115">ca. 1213 × 3.43.6</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331B013854F224F93B" box="[605,874,1640,1720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="115">(10)1730 × 58</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331A263854F5CAF93B" box="[890,1156,1640,1720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="115">618 × 25</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331DCA3854F4D2F93B" box="[1174,1436,1640,1720]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="115">210 × 0.51.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF61003319CC38FEF4D2F891" box="[144,1436,1730,1810]" gridrow="8" pageId="115">
<th id="76A05DDCDF61003319CC38FEF063F891" box="[144,301,1730,1810]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19CC38FEF04AF891" bold="true" pageId="115">Raceme inflorescence, length (cm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF610033181D38FEF305F891" box="[321,587,1730,1810]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="115">up to 20</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331B0138FEF224F891" box="[605,874,1730,1810]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="115">3045</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331A2638FEF5CAF891" box="[890,1156,1730,1810]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="115">3040</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331DCA38FEF4D2F891" box="[1174,1436,1730,1810]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="115">up to 20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF61003319CC3920F4D2F847" box="[144,1436,1820,1988]" gridrow="9" pageId="115">
<th id="76A05DDCDF61003319CC3920F063F847" box="[144,301,1820,1988]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19CC3920F1A7F8B2" bold="true" box="[144,233,1820,1841]" pageId="115">Capitula</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF610033181D3920F305F847" box="[321,587,1820,1988]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="115">few, 5 to 6, arranged in a raceme, peduncles short, ± equal, 2.53(7) cm long</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331B013920F224F847" box="[605,874,1820,1988]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="115">several, 10 to 12, arranged in a spike or raceme, lowest ones sessile, upper ones subsessile or with up to 2 cm peduncle</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331A263920F5CAF847" box="[890,1156,1820,1988]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="115">several, 310, arranged in a raceme, subsessile or with up to 2 cm peduncles, sometimes lowest ones with peduncles up to 9 cm long</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331DCA3920F4D2F847" box="[1174,1436,1820,1988]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="115">few, 4 to 7, arranged in a spike or raceme, often sessile or subsessile, sometimes with 26 cm peduncles</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF61003319CC39F3F4D2F782" box="[144,1436,1999,2049]" gridrow="10" pageId="115">
<th id="76A05DDCDF61003319CC39F3F063F782" box="[144,301,1999,2049]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="115">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF61FFBF19CC39F3F185F782" bold="true" pageId="115">Involucres, shape</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF610033181D39F3F305F782" box="[321,587,1999,2049]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="115">oblong or oblong-ovoid</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331B0139F3F224F782" box="[605,874,1999,2049]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="115">ovoid</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331A2639F3F5CAF782" box="[890,1156,1999,2049]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="115">ovoid</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6100331DCA39F3F4D2F782" box="[1174,1436,1999,2049]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="115">ovoid</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF61FFBF1D213630F4EAF7A2" blockId="115.[1149,1444,2060,2081]" box="[1149,1444,2060,2081]" pageId="115">
<tableNote id="76A7376CDF61FFBF1D213630F4EAF7A2" box="[1149,1444,2060,2081]" pageId="115" targetBox="[144,1436,917,2049]" targetPageId="115">......continued on the next page</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF66FFB819CC3E9BF0C4FF3D" box="[144,394,167,190]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="116" startId="116.[144,232,167,190]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF66FFB819CC3E9BF0C4FF3D" blockId="116.[144,394,167,190]" box="[144,394,167,190]" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819CC3E9BF1B2FF3D" bold="true" box="[144,252,167,190]" pageId="116">TABLE 4</emphasis>
. (Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF66FFB8181D3EF4F478FD60" pageId="116">
<table id="F941C442DF66003319CC3EFBF4D3FC83" box="[144,1437,199,768]" colsContinueFrom="115.[144,1436,917,2049]" gridcols="5" gridrows="9" pageId="116">
<tr id="357134A0DF66003319CC3EFBF4D3FF5E" box="[144,1437,199,221]" gridrow="0" pageId="116" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76A05DDCDF660033181D3EFBF30DFF5E" box="[321,579,199,221]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="116">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB8181D3EF4F0A6FF5E" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[321,488,200,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zarrei">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB8181D3EF4F0A6FF5E" bold="true" box="[321,488,200,221]" italics="true" pageId="116">Centaurea zarrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A05DDCDF6600331B013EFBF22AFF5E" box="[605,868,199,221]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="116">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81B013EF4F25CFF5E" authorityName="Post" authorityYear="1888" box="[605,786,199,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="doddsii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81B013EF4F25CFF5E" bold="true" box="[605,786,199,221]" italics="true" pageId="116">Centaurea doddsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A05DDCDF6600331A263EFBF5CDFF5E" box="[890,1155,199,221]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="116">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81A263EF4F519FF5E" authorityName="Wagenitz" authorityYear="1960" box="[890,1111,199,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haradjianii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81A263EF4F519FF5E" bold="true" box="[890,1111,199,221]" italics="true" pageId="116">Centaurea haradjianii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A05DDCDF6600331DCA3EFBF4D3FF5E" box="[1174,1437,199,221]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="116">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81DCA3EF4F4C3FF5E" authority="Involucres" authorityName="Involucres" box="[1174,1421,199,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haussknechtii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81DCA3EF4F4C3FF5E" bold="true" box="[1174,1421,199,221]" italics="true" pageId="116">Centaurea haussknechtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF66003319CC3ED4F4D3FE99" box="[144,1437,232,282]" gridrow="1" pageId="116">
<th id="76A05DDCDF66003319CC3ED4F062FE99" box="[144,300,232,282]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819CC3ED4F186FE99" bold="true" pageId="116">Involucres, size (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF660033181D3ED4F30DFE99" box="[321,579,232,282]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="116">3235 × 2225(27)</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331B013ED4F22AFE99" box="[605,868,232,282]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="116">3035 × 2830</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331A263ED4F5CDFE99" box="[890,1155,232,282]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="116">2532 × 1725</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331DCA3ED4F4D3FE99" box="[1174,1437,232,282]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="116">(33)3540 × 3035</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF66003319CC3F19F4D3FEDB" box="[144,1437,293,344]" gridrow="2" pageId="116">
<th id="76A05DDCDF66003319CC3F19F062FEDB" box="[144,300,293,344]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819CC3F19F185FED4" bold="true" pageId="116">Appendages, shape</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF660033181D3F19F30DFEDB" box="[321,579,293,344]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="116">triangular or elongate triangular</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331B013F19F22AFEDB" box="[605,868,293,344]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="116">lanceolate</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331A263F19F5CDFEDB" box="[890,1155,293,344]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="116">triangular to lanceolate</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331DCA3F19F4D3FEDB" box="[1174,1437,293,344]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="116">lanceolate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF66003319CC3F5EF4D3FE16" box="[144,1437,354,405]" gridrow="3" pageId="116">
<th id="76A05DDCDF66003319CC3F5EF062FE16" box="[144,300,354,405]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819CC3F5EF18AFE17" bold="true" pageId="116">Appendages, color</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF660033181D3F5EF30DFE16" box="[321,579,354,405]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="116">brown or pale brown</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331B013F5EF22AFE16" box="[605,868,354,405]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="116">straw-coloured or pale brown</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331A263F5EF5CDFE16" box="[890,1155,354,405]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="116">dark brown or brown</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331DCA3F5EF4D3FE16" box="[1174,1437,354,405]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="116">straw-coloured or pale brown</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF66003319CC3FA3F4D3FE6C" box="[144,1437,415,495]" gridrow="4" pageId="116">
<th id="76A05DDCDF66003319CC3FA3F062FE6C" box="[144,300,415,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819CC3FA3F186FE6C" bold="true" pageId="116">Appendages, wide at base (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF660033181D3FA3F30DFE6C" box="[321,579,415,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="116">23.8</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331B013FA3F22AFE6C" box="[605,868,415,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="116">35</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331A263FA3F5CDFE6C" box="[890,1155,415,495]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="116">44.5</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331DCA3FA3F4D3FE6C" box="[1174,1437,415,495]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="116">34(4.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF66003319CC3FC5F4D3FDAF" box="[144,1437,505,556]" gridrow="5" pageId="116">
<th id="76A05DDCDF66003319CC3FC5F062FDAF" box="[144,300,505,556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819CC3FC5F182FDA8" bold="true" pageId="116">Appendages, status</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF660033181D3FC5F30DFDAF" box="[321,579,505,556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="116">erect</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331B013FC5F22AFDAF" box="[605,868,505,556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="116">almost reflexed or squarrose</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331A263FC5F5CDFDAF" box="[890,1155,505,556]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="116">erect</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331DCA3FC5F4D3FDAF" box="[1174,1437,505,556]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="116">sometimes squarrose or reflexed</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF66003319CC3C0AF4D3FDEA" box="[144,1437,566,617]" gridrow="6" pageId="116">
<th id="76A05DDCDF66003319CC3C0AF062FDEA" box="[144,300,566,617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819CC3C0AF18FFDC8" bold="true" box="[144,193,566,587]" pageId="116">Cilia</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF660033181D3C0AF30DFDEA" box="[321,579,566,617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="116">rigid, ± patent, 25 mm long</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331B013C0AF22AFDEA" box="[605,868,566,617]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="116">membranous, erect, (2)4 8 mm long</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331A263C0AF5CDFDEA" box="[890,1155,566,617]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="116">membranous, erect, 44.5 mm long</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331DCA3C0AF4D3FDEA" box="[1174,1437,566,617]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="116">rigid, erect, 57 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF66003319CC3C4FF4D3FD25" box="[144,1437,627,678]" gridrow="7" pageId="116">
<th id="76A05DDCDF66003319CC3C4FF062FD25" box="[144,300,627,678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819CC3C4FF186FD25" bold="true" pageId="116">Spine, length (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF660033181D3C4FF30DFD25" box="[321,579,627,678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="116">612</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331B013C4FF22AFD25" box="[605,868,627,678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="116">817</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331A263C4FF5CDFD25" box="[890,1155,627,678]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="116">513</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331DCA3C4FF4D3FD25" box="[1174,1437,627,678]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="116">(7)1517</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357134A0DF66003319CC3C8CF4D3FC83" box="[144,1437,688,768]" gridrow="8" pageId="116">
<th id="76A05DDCDF66003319CC3C8CF062FC83" box="[144,300,688,768]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819CC3C8CF19FFD61" bold="true" box="[144,253,688,738]" pageId="116">Peripheral florets</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A05DDCDF660033181D3C8CF30DFC83" box="[321,579,688,768]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="116">slightly longer than central ones, slightly radiant</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331B013C8CF22AFC83" box="[605,868,688,768]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="116">slightly shorter than central ones, not radiant</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331A263C8CF5CDFC83" box="[890,1155,688,768]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="116">equal or sometimes slightly longer than central ones, slightly radiant</td>
<td id="76A05DDCDF6600331DCA3C8CF4D3FC83" box="[1174,1437,688,768]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="116">slightly shorter than central ones, not radiant</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF66FFB819E13D12F327FCC4" blockId="116.[189,617,814,839]" box="[189,617,814,839]" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819E13D12F099FCC4" bold="true" box="[189,471,814,839]" pageId="116">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
—Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF66FFB819D43D4AF077FC0C" blockId="116.[136,1451,886,1054]" box="[136,313,886,911]" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819D43D4AF077FC0C" bold="true" box="[136,313,886,911]" pageId="116">Excluded Taxa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF66FFB819D43DA0F29BFC31" blockId="116.[136,1451,886,1054]" box="[136,981,924,946]" pageId="116">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB819D43DA0F0A4FC31" authority="Negaresh" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,490,924,946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Cardueae" status="sect. nov.">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819D43DA0F1BEFC32" bold="true" box="[136,240,924,945]" italics="true" pageId="116">Centaurea</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB8187B3DA0F0C9FC31" bold="true" box="[295,391,924,946]" italics="true" pageId="116">Cardueae</emphasis>
Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB818A83DA1F31EFC31" bold="true" box="[500,592,925,946]" pageId="116">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A206578BDF66FFB818A83DA1F31EFC31" box="[500,592,925,946]" pageId="116" rank="section">sect. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF66FFB81B363DA1F3D2FC31" box="[618,668,925,946]" pageId="116">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81BF93DA1F29BFC31" authority="Boiss." authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1849" box="[677,981,925,946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onopordifolia">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81BF93DA1F2DCFC31" box="[677,914,925,946]" italics="true" pageId="116">Centaurea onopordifolia</emphasis>
Boiss.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF66FFB819D43DFDF04EFB9D" blockId="116.[136,1451,886,1054]" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819D43DFDF04EFB9D" italics="true" pageId="116">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB819D43DFDF1B9FC55" box="[136,247,961,982]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaureae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Centaureae</taxonomicName>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB8186B3DFDF0A0FC55" box="[311,494,961,982]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">Cynaroides affinis</taxonomicName>
, sed caulis multis, spinosis, alatis (nec plerumque
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81AAB3DFDF50DFC55" box="[1015,1091,961,982]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">simplex</taxonomicName>
, numquam spinosis), foliis omnibus pinnatifidis, pinnatisectis vel pinnatilobis, margine spinosis (nec integris, interdum
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81AA33DD9F50DFC79" box="[1023,1091,997,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">basalis</taxonomicName>
et inferiorbus lyratis, non spinosis) differt.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF66FFB819D43A72F36DFA04" blockId="116.[136,1452,1102,1775]" pageId="116">
Biennial plants, thistle-like, whole plant densely covered with adpressed white arachnoid-tomentose hairs. Stem spiny-winged, with minor and undulate triangular spiny-margined lobes, several, branched at base. Leaves spiny at margin, sometimes bicolor, pinnatifid or pinnatisect, uppermost smaller. Capitula numerous, arranged in a racemose dichasium, loose panicle or corymb, rarely raceme, usually on subsessile peduncles, peduncles usually wingless above; involucres ovoid-oblong. Appendages rigid, triangular to elongate triangular, yellow or pale brown, not decurrent, spinulate, innermost pectinate or rounded, with 34 (2)
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF66FFB81BCC3B3EF3B3FA98" box="[656,765,1282,1307]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="116" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">410 mm</quantity>
spinules on each side; spine robust,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF66FFB81DC13B3EF447FA98" box="[1181,1289,1282,1307]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="116" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="5.0">525 mm</quantity>
long. Flowers yellow, central florets hermaphroditic, peripheral florets not radiant and usually shorter than central ones. Achenes lanceolate or oblong,
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF66FFB818203B76F0A1FAE0" box="[380,495,1354,1379]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="116" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="5.0">55.5 mm</quantity>
long, dark brown to blackish; pappus twice as long as achenes, persistent, bristles of inner rows much shorter than others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF66FFB819E13BAEF197F948" blockId="116.[136,1452,1102,1775]" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819E13BAEF0C1FA28" bold="true" box="[189,399,1426,1451]" pageId="116">Taxonomic notes:</emphasis>
—This new section is described here including only one species,
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81D323BAEF466FA28" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1849" box="[1134,1320,1426,1451]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onopordifolia">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81D323BAEF466FA28" box="[1134,1320,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="116">C. onopordifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81C6A3BAEF06FFA4C" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1849" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onopordifolia">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81C6A3BAEF06FFA4C" italics="true" pageId="116">Centaurea onopordifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first introduced by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF66FFB81B663B8AF3A7FA4C" author="Boissier, E." box="[570,745,1462,1487]" pageId="116" refId="ref65386" refString="Boissier, E. (1849) Diagnosis Plantarum Orientalium Novarum, ser. 1, vol. 10. Lipsia [Leipzig], 122 pp." type="book" year="1849">Boissier (1849)</bibRefCitation>
who assigned it to
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81A973B8AF2ABFA4C" box="[971,997,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="116">C.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81D753B8AF5E7FA4C" box="[1065,1193,1462,1487]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81D753B8AF5E7FA4C" box="[1065,1193,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="116">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; later on, this position was accepted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF66FFB8180C3BE6F34FFA70" author="Boissier, E." box="[336,513,1498,1523]" pageId="116" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier (1875)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF66FFB81B613BE6F3B0FA70" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[573,766,1498,1523]" pageId="116" pagination="469 - 494" refId="ref69162" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1960) Centaurea L. sect. Cynaropsis, eine neue Sektion der Gattung aus Vorderasien. Willdenowia 2: 469 - 494." type="journal article" year="1960">Wagenitz (1960)</bibRefCitation>
. Our study showed that there are diagnostic morphological characters such as: thistle-like habit, stem spiny-winged, with minor and undulate triangular spiny-margined lobes, and also leaves spiny-margined (that are unique in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81A64381EF2E3F9B8" box="[824,941,1570,1595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81A64381EF2E3F9B8" box="[824,941,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="116">Centaurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81A80381EF2B8F9B8" box="[988,1014,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="116">C.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81D6B381EF5EAF9B8" box="[1079,1188,1570,1595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cardueae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81D6B381EF5EAF9B8" box="[1079,1188,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="116">Cardueae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. By these characters, it is easily distinguished from
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB8189B387AF0AEF9DC" box="[455,480,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="116">C.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81B7E387AF3ECF9DC" box="[546,674,1606,1631]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81B7E387AF3ECF9DC" box="[546,674,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="116">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF66FFB81B83387AF274F9DC" box="[735,826,1606,1631]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="91.[136,229,1970,1991]" captionTargetBox="[184,1399,207,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-14@91.[183,1403,206,1945]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 61. Centaurea regia Boissier var. regia (Kotschy 371, G). A. habit. B. Leaves. C. median part of stem. Scale B and C = 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703576/files/figure.png" pageId="116">Figs. 61</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF66FFB81A2E387AF2C0F9DC" box="[882,910,1606,1631]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="92.[136,229,1948,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-17@92.[151,1436,190,1923]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 62. Centaurea regia Boissier var. regia (Negaresh 172, herb. Negaresh). A. inflorescence. B. close up of capitule. C. habit and habitat. D. basal leaves. E. taproot and leaves. Scale A = 4 cm, B = 1 cm, C = 15 cm, DE = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703578/files/figure.png" pageId="116">62</figureCitation>
as
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF66FFB81AE8387AF2AAF9DC" box="[948,996,1606,1631]" pageId="116">type</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81D57387AF550F9DC" box="[1035,1054,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="116">C</emphasis>
. sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81D3B387AF5A9F9DC" box="[1127,1255,1606,1631]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81D3B387AF5A9F9DC" box="[1127,1255,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="116">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Furhermore,
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81CCE387AF4E5F9DC" box="[1426,1451,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="116">C.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB8199F3856F07EF900" box="[195,304,1642,1667]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cardueae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB8199F3856F07EF900" box="[195,304,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="116">Cardueae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB818943856F0ACF900" box="[456,482,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="116">C.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF66FFB81B793856F3EBF900" box="[549,677,1642,1667]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81B793856F3EBF900" box="[549,677,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="116">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its stems several, branched at base (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81D363856F5CFF900" box="[1130,1153,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="116">vs</emphasis>
. usually simple), and also all leaves pinnatisect and pinnatifid, or pinnatilobed (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB81B8138B2F3BAF924" box="[733,756,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="116">vs</emphasis>
. usually undivided, sometimes basal and lower cauline leaves lyrate).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF66FFB819E138EAF23AF96C" blockId="116.[136,1452,1102,1775]" box="[189,884,1750,1775]" pageId="116">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF66FFB819E138EAF006F96C" bold="true" box="[189,328,1750,1775]" pageId="116">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The sectional epithet means thistle-like habit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>