treatments-xml/data/03/E8/87/03E887F4DF47FF9B19D43AACF3EAFB9A.xml

<document id="968BF7CED39BE127F4C2F801407AF1B3" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725581356715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem &amp; Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2018" docId="03E887F4DF47FF9B19D43AACF3EAFB9A" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.363.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 363 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centaurea ravansarensis Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD1FF8CDF12FFCC195C3E3CF14EFF83" masterDocTitle="A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725593506943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D9214A158F4CF720F54C8D03CB3E714A">A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="212D3FF5C2BF8B759C585FF3AA3E4064">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="81374DEB61E8A958BBEBB918292072FF">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5DDB2AB796E228496988ADA4F8299A6B">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C7D361DF276D2994869FEFF2B128F933">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) &amp; Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. &amp; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="446542CC0E27474DED59B01B5D39AB80">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF47FF9919D43AACF31AFB72" pageId="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF47FF9919D43AACF31AFB72" blockId="85.[136,1452,1166,1265]" pageId="85">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF9919D43AACF1E5FB2A" bold="true" box="[136,171,1168,1193]" pageId="85">27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF47FF9919EC3AB2F272FB2A" ID-CoL="S7BB" authority="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (2013: 432)" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityPageNumber="432" authorityYear="2013" box="[176,828,1166,1193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravansarensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF47FF9919EC3AB2F083FB2B" bold="true" box="[176,461,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="85">Centaurea ravansarensis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF47FF99188E3AACF272FB2A" box="[466,828,1168,1193]" collectingDate="2012-06-31" collectionCode="BASU" collectorName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" country="Iran" county="Type" elevation="1418" location="Bave Geh village" municipality="Ravansar" pageId="85" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kermanshah" typeStatus="holotype">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (2013: 432)</materialsCitation>
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. 
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:— 
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. Prov. 
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: 
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from 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF47FF991C613AACF4E9FB2A" box="[1341,1447,1168,1193]" pageId="85">Ravansar</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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&amp; 
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28801
</emphasis>
(
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BASU!, 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF47FF991C0C3A88F4E2FB4E" box="[1360,1452,1204,1229]" pageId="85" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
BASU!, photo herb. Negaresh). (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF47FF9918A63AE4F305FB72" box="[506,587,1240,1265]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="86.[136,229,1943,1964]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,190,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@86.[218,1370,190,1918]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 57. Centaurea ravansarensis Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 28801, BASU). A. close up of capitule. B. habit. C. median cauline leaves (shape and indumentum). Scale A–C = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703566/files/figure.png" pageId="85">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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Biennial plants, with thick fleshy taproot, whole plant usually grayish-green, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991AB33B1CF510FABA" box="[1007,1118,1312,1337]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="85" unit="cm" value="67.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="55.0">55–80 cm</quantity>
tall; collar of fibrous petiolar remains present at stem base. Stem erect, almost simple, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991A753B78F227FADE" box="[809,873,1348,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
in diam. at base, cylindrical, pale green, with thinly white striations, sparsely leafy throughout, lower part subglabrous or with sparse hirsute-articulate hairs, median part loosely covered with hirsute-articulate hairs, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991BE13BB0F25DFA26" box="[701,787,1420,1445]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, upper part loosely covered with arachnoid and sessile glandular hairs. Leaves rigid, papyraceous (on drying), almost densely covered with short hirsute-articulate hairs, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF9919963BE8F06FFA6E" box="[202,289,1492,1517]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long, especially along midrib and veins, and sessile glandular hairs. Basal leaves withered at anthesis, petiolate, broadly ovate, 24–26 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF9918A33BC4F33FF992" box="[511,625,1528,1553]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="85" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 cm</quantity>
, cartilaginously denticulate, truncate at base, acute at apex. Lower cauline leaves simple, usually withered at anthesis, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate or subcordate-ovate, 22.5–30 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991C193820F4E6F9B6" box="[1349,1448,1564,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="85" unit="cm" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11 cm</quantity>
, sometimes cuneate at base, with a petiole 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991B35387CF382F9DA" box="[617,716,1600,1625]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="85" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8–14 cm</quantity>
long, denticulate or entire, acute at apex. Median cauline leaves sessile, lanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic or subpandurate, 12–19 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991ADB3858F2AEF9FE" box="[903,992,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="85" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 cm</quantity>
, broadly decurrent, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991C4D3858F42DF9FE" box="[1297,1379,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
along stem, denticulate, sometimes entire, acuminate at apex. Upper cauline leaves increasingly smaller, sessile, simple, lanceolate, 4.5–7 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF9918383890F0F4F946" box="[356,442,1708,1733]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="85" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
, loosely covered with arachnoid and sessile glandular hairs, decurrent, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991C443890F429F946" box="[1304,1383,1708,1733]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
along stem, acuminate at apex. Capitula few, 3 to 5, arranged in a raceme, upper peduncles 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991D3438ECF5A6F96A" box="[1128,1256,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="85" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–6.5 cm</quantity>
long, sometimes with bracts similar to phyllaries with small stramineous and chaffy appendages. Involucres ovoid-globose, sometimes ovoid-subcupuliform, truncate at base, 35–43 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991BC43924F25CF8B2" box="[664,786,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="35.0">35–40 mm</quantity>
. Phyllaries multiseriate, yellow-greenish in sicco, imbricate, coriaceous-scarious, with loosely floccose-tomentose hairs. Appendages medium-sized, concealing a major part of phyllaries, chartaceous, not decurrent; cilia numerous, 7–12 on each side, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991A88395CF57DF8FA" box="[980,1075,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
long; spines narrowly triangular, (3–) 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF9919E939B8F05BF81E" box="[181,277,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 mm</quantity>
long, longer than nearest cilia. Outer phyllaries oblong, 3–4 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991ABE39B8F50DF81E" box="[994,1091,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6–9 mm</quantity>
; appendages ovate, 11–13 × ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF9919D43994F04AF842" box="[136,260,1960,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10–11 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), straw-coloured. Median phyllaries broadly oblong, 10–15 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991C503994F4E9F842" box="[1292,1447,1960,1985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="9.2" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="9.85" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="9.2">9.2–10.5 mm</quantity>
; appendages ovate-triangular or triangular, 15–17 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991B8339F0F215F866" box="[735,859,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), straw-coloured to pale brown. Inner phyllaries lanceolate-oblong or lanceolate, 20–32 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF991A3B39CCF29AF78A" box="[871,980,2032,2057]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 mm</quantity>
; appendages narrowly triangular, 11–16 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF9919D43628F1BAF7AE" box="[136,244,2068,2093]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4–10 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), deep brown to blackish. Flowers purple; central florets hermaphroditic, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF47FF9B1C3A3628F1FAFF3A" lastPageId="87" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="85" unit="mm" value="47.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="45.0">45–50 mm</quantity>
long, corolla ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B182E3E9CF08EFF3A" box="[370,448,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
long, 5-lobed, lobes 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1BFB3E9CF256FF3A" box="[679,792,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="8.25" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.5">7.5–9 mm</quantity>
long, with orange nerves; peripheral florets sterile, equal to central ones, numerous (
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B18CA3EF8F0B7FF5E" box="[406,505,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="87" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 in</quantity>
each capitulum) and conspicuous, finely dissected, not radiant, 3–4-lobed, limb lobes linear, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B19A63ED4F075FE82" box="[250,315,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long. Achenes oblong, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1B3B3ED4F3E6FE82" box="[615,680,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1BB13ED4F210FE82" box="[749,862,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="3.9" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4 mm</quantity>
wide, smooth and shiny, yellowish, rounded at apex, sparsely covered with hairs; insertion areole lateral, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1BA73F30F21FFEA6" box="[763,849,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long, hairy. Pappus persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, pale brown, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B18663F0CF089FECA" box="[314,455,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="11.75" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.5">11.5–12 mm</quantity>
long, bristles of inner rows very slightly longer than others.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF44FF9A19D439ABF25BF853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703566" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703566/files/figure.png" pageId="86" startId="86.[136,229,1943,1964]" targetBox="[218,1370,190,1918]" targetPageId="86" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF44FF9A19D439ABF25BF853" blockId="86.[136,1451,1943,2000]" pageId="86">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF44FF9A19D439ABF04AF82F" bold="true" box="[136,260,1943,1964]" pageId="86">FIGURE 57</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF44FF9A184E39ABF39CF82F" authority="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[274,722,1943,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravansarensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF44FF9A184E39ABF34DF82F" box="[274,515,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="86">Centaurea ravansarensis</emphasis>
Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF44FF9A1BBC39ABF2A0F82F" box="[736,1006,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="86">Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 28801</emphasis>
, BASU). 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF44FF9A1D0C39ABF52FF82F" bold="true" box="[1104,1121,1943,1964]" pageId="86">A</emphasis>
. close up of capitule. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF44FF9A1C6639ABF404F82F" bold="true" box="[1338,1354,1943,1964]" pageId="86">B</emphasis>
. habit. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF44FF9A1CC839ABF4EBF82F" bold="true" box="[1428,1445,1943,1964]" pageId="86">C</emphasis>
. median cauline leaves (shape and indumentum). Scale 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF44FF9A1BCB3987F38BF853" bold="true" box="[663,709,1979,2000]" pageId="86">A–C</emphasis>
= 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF45FF9B19E13F68F508FC0A" blockId="87.[136,1452,160,1049]" pageId="87">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B19E13F68F337FEEE" bold="true" box="[189,633,340,365]" pageId="87">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF45FF9B1BC93F68F2E5FEEE" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[661,939,340,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravansarensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1BC93F68F2E5FEEE" box="[661,939,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="87">Centaurea ravansarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a narrow endemic to 
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF45FF9B1DF23F68F4E9FEEE" box="[1198,1447,340,365]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="87">Kermanshah Province</collectingRegion>
, W 
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF45FF9B19F43F44F19BFE12" box="[168,213,376,401]" name="Iran" pageId="87">Iran</collectingCountry>
(Ranjbar 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B181F3F44F035FE12" box="[323,379,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="87">et al.</emphasis>
2013) (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF45FF9B188C3F44F36AFE12" box="[464,548,376,401]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="83.[136,229,970,991]" captionTargetBox="[159,1389,209,930]" captionTargetId="figure-14@83.[151,1436,190,945]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 55. Distribution of Centaurea phlomoides (circles), C. rahiminejadii (squares), and C. ravansarensis (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703560/files/figure.png" pageId="87">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
). It is an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on fallow fields and along roadsides, at elevations of 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B18693FA0F080FE36" box="[309,462,412,437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="87" unit="m" value="1400.0" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="1350.0">1350–1450 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF45FF9B18873FA0F305FE36" box="[475,587,412,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="86.[136,229,1943,1964]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,190,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@86.[218,1370,190,1918]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 57. Centaurea ravansarensis Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh (Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh 28801, BASU). A. close up of capitule. B. habit. C. median cauline leaves (shape and indumentum). Scale A–C = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703566/files/figure.png" pageId="87">Figs. 57B</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF45FF9B1B003FA0F23DFE36" authorityName="Ranjbar &amp; Negaresh" authorityYear="2013" box="[604,883,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravansarensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1B003FA0F23DFE36" box="[604,883,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="87">Centaurea ravansarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only found in Shahu Mountains, along Ravansar- Kamyaran road. It is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF45FF9B18B33FFCF38EFE5A" authority="var. regia" box="[495,704,448,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="regia" variety="regia">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B18B33FFCF302FE5A" box="[495,588,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="87">C. regia</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1BDA3FFCF38EFE5A" box="[646,704,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="87">regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its texture of leaves, decurrent upper cauline leaves, texture of appendages and size of achenes. However, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF45FF9B1A4C3FD8F293FE7E" authority="var. regia" box="[784,989,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="regia" variety="regia">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1A4C3FD8F225FE7E" box="[784,875,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="87">C. regia</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1AFF3FD8F293FE7E" box="[931,989,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="87">regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its stem in the lower part subglabrous or with sparse hirsute-articulate hairs, median part with loose hirsute-articulate hairs, up to 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1DCB3C34F5A1FDA2" box="[1175,1263,520,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, upper part loosely arachnoid and with sessile glandular hairs (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1BE13C10F39AFDC6" box="[701,724,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="87">vs</emphasis>
. arachnoid-tomentose, finally glabrous, sometimes the lower part with hirsute-articulate hairs), upper peduncles 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1BC83C6CF25FFDEA" box="[660,785,592,617]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="87" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–6.5 cm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1A7E3C6CF277FDEA" box="[802,825,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="87">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1A143C6CF2F7FDEA" box="[840,953,592,617]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="87" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
) long, involucres ovoid-globose, sometimes ovoid-subcupuliform, 35–43 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B18BF3C48F314FD0E" box="[483,602,628,653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="35.0">35–40 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1B353C48F3CEFD0E" box="[617,640,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="87">vs</emphasis>
. subglobose, 40–55 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1A253C48F2BBFD0E" box="[889,1013,628,653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">40–60 mm</quantity>
), phyllaries loosely floccose-tomentose (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B19CD3CA4F1E6FD32" box="[145,168,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="87">vs</emphasis>
. glabrous), appendages medium-sized, concealing a major part of phyllaries (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1AA73CA4F55CFD32" box="[1019,1042,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="87">vs</emphasis>
. large, totally concealing phyllaries), median appendages ovate-triangular or triangular, 15–17 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1A773C80F2EAFD56" box="[811,932,700,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), straw-coloured to pale brown (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B184F3CDCF064FD7A" box="[275,298,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="87">vs</emphasis>
. broadly ovate, 20–25 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1B623CDCF3F8FD7A" box="[574,694,736,761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 mm</quantity>
(including cilia and spine), white, sometimes straw-coloured), inner appendages narrowly triangular, deep brown to blackish (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1A4A3D38F263FC9E" box="[790,813,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="87">vs</emphasis>
. ovate, white, sometimes straw-coloured), cilia 7–12 on each side, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B185C3D14F011FCC2" box="[256,351,808,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B18F73D14F08CFCC2" box="[427,450,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="87">vs</emphasis>
. 10–17 on each side, (3–) 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1BB63D14F21CFCC2" box="[746,850,808,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4 –6 mm</quantity>
long), spine of median appendages (3–) 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1C403D14F432FCC2" box="[1308,1404,808,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1CD13D14F4EAFCC2" box="[1421,1444,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="87">vs</emphasis>
. (8–) 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B19E93D70F06AFCE6" box="[181,292,844,869]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">9–14 mm</quantity>
) long, insertion areole hairy (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1B2B3D70F3C0FCE6" box="[631,654,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="87">vs</emphasis>
. glabrous), and also in the pappus: bristles of inner rows very slightly longer than others (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B183F3D4CF034FC0A" box="[355,378,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="87">vs</emphasis>
. bristles of inner rows much shorter than others, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1AFC3D4CF2B3FC0A" box="[928,1021,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="87" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
long).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF45FF9B19E13DA8F327FC2E" blockId="87.[136,1452,160,1049]" box="[189,617,916,941]" pageId="87">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B19E13DA8F099FC2E" bold="true" box="[189,471,916,941]" pageId="87">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
—Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF45FF9B19E13D84F3EAFB9A" pageId="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF45FF9B19E13D84F3EAFB9A" blockId="87.[136,1452,160,1049]" pageId="87">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B19E13D84F372FC52" bold="true" box="[189,572,952,977]" pageId="87">Selected specimens examined:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF45FF9B1B603D84F3EEFB9A" collectingDate="2014-05-29" collectionCode="HUI" collectorName="Negaresh &amp; Kamalnejad" country="Iran" county="Ravansar" elevation="1375" location="Ravansar" municipality="Kamyaran" pageId="87" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kermanshah">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1B603D84F3CAFC52" bold="true" box="[572,644,952,977]" pageId="87">
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF45FF9B1B603D84F3CAFC52" box="[572,644,952,977]" name="Iran" pageId="87">IRAN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF45FF9B1B933D84F22FFC52" box="[719,865,952,977]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="87">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="629F4E6EDF45FF9B1A363D84F29CFC52" box="[874,978,952,977]" pageId="87">Ravansar</collectingCounty>
toward 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF45FF9B1D773D84F5EDFC52" box="[1067,1187,952,977]" pageId="87">Kamyaran</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B1DF03D84F5B1FC52" box="[1196,1279,952,977]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="87" unit="km" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 km</quantity>
after 
<location id="8E9E6039DF45FF9B1C613D84F4E9FC52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF47FF9B19D43AACF3EAFB9A:8E9E6039DF45FF9B1C613D84F4E9FC52" box="[1341,1447,952,977]" country="Iran" county="Ravansar" municipality="Kamyaran" name="Ravansar" pageId="87" stateProvince="Kermanshah">Ravansar</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF45FF9B19D43DE0F1ADFC76" box="[136,227,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" pageId="87" unit="m" value="1375.0">
<elevation id="006CD1D1DF45FF9B19D43DE0F1ADFC76" box="[136,227,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" pageId="87" unit="m" value="1375.0">1375 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFFF1022DF45FF9B19AF3DE0F0DDFC76" box="[243,403,988,1013]" pageId="87" value="2014-05-29">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9CADF45FF9B19AF3DE0F0DDFC76" box="[243,403,988,1013]" pageId="87" value="2014-05-29">29 May 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B18FD3DE0F25FFC76" box="[417,785,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="87">
<collectorName id="26B45334DF45FF9B18FD3DE0F345FC76" box="[417,523,988,1013]" pageId="87">Negaresh</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26B45334DF45FF9B1B6B3DE0F38EFC76" box="[567,704,988,1013]" pageId="87">Kamalnejad</collectorName>
20136
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF45FF9B1A783DE0F22EFC76" box="[804,864,988,1013]" pageId="87">HUI</collectionCode>
!); 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B1A203DE0F581FC76" box="[892,1231,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="87">
<collectorName id="26B45334DF45FF9B1A203DE0F2A8FC76" box="[892,998,988,1013]" pageId="87">Negaresh</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26B45334DF45FF9B1D4E3DE0F5D5FC76" box="[1042,1179,988,1013]" pageId="87">Kamalnejad</collectorName>
148
</emphasis>
(herb. Negaresh!); 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF45FF9B19D43A3CF09EFB9A" box="[136,464,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="87">
<collectorName id="26B45334DF45FF9B19D43A3CF1BCFB9A" box="[136,242,1024,1049]" pageId="87">Negaresh</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26B45334DF45FF9B184A3A3CF0D1FB9A" box="[278,415,1024,1049]" pageId="87">Kamalnejad</collectorName>
149
</emphasis>
(herb. Negaresh!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>