treatments-xml/data/03/E8/87/03E887F4DF3EFFFC19D43DA8F574FE36.xml

<document id="3B83653A75EFB934F3F015C821B06D27" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725581356715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Negaresh, Kazem &amp; Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2018" docId="03E887F4DF3EFFFC19D43DA8F574FE36" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.363.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 363 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.363.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Centaurea gudrunensis Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FFD1FF8CDF12FFCC195C3E3CF14EFF83" masterDocTitle="A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="448" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1725593506943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6116CA53C151624FF977A3BEAEA605DB">A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae-Centaureinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E2039B650FB97EC99D8A95101FFBD588">Negaresh, Kazem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C2ED5F6FB329A3D62E2B1AECBAF57F89">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="47501F381D620A2FCDF4C2136E12BA53">Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="887D1B2F516A09C5B476B301EB0FDBE0">Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir) &amp; Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746 - 73441, Iran. &amp; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. (* Corresponding author e-mail: negaresh @ ramin. ac. ir)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B52ABE0E394D8216842BF734B50E7359">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF3EFFE019D43DA8F43DFC52" pageId="44" type="nomenclature">
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<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3EFFE019D43DA8F1E2FC2E" bold="true" box="[136,172,916,941]" pageId="44">13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3EFFE019EF3DAEF395FC2E" ID-CoL="5XGPX" authority="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" authorityName="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" box="[179,731,914,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3EFFE019EF3DAEF08DFC2E" bold="true" box="[179,451,914,941]" italics="true" pageId="44">Centaurea gudrunensis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF3EFFE018973DA8F395FC2E" box="[459,731,916,941]" collectingDate="1867-06" collectionCode="G, K, W" country="Iraq" elevation="1200" location="Pir Omar Gudrun" municipality="Type" pageId="44" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Slemani" typeStatus="holotype">Boissier &amp; Haussknecht</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in 
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. 
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:— 
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. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF3EFFE01DBA3DA8F4C5FC2E" box="[1254,1419,916,941]" country="Iraq" name="Slemani" pageId="44">Sulaymaniyah</collectingRegion>
: in graminosis 
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, ca. 
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<elevation id="006CD1D1DF3EFFE01B5F3D84F314FC52" box="[515,602,952,977]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="44" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
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, 
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</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3EFFE01BBA3D84F2EDFC52" box="[742,931,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="44">Haussknecht s.n.</emphasis>
(
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G!, 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF3EFFE01D143D84F5EAFC52" box="[1096,1188,952,977]" pageId="44" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
K!, W!). (
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF3EFFE01C453D84F424FC52" box="[1305,1386,952,977]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="46.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[212,1357,253,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@46.[195,1393,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 29. Centaurea gudrunensis Boissier &amp; Haussknecht (Haussknecht s.n., G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703482/files/figure.png" pageId="44">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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Biennial herbs, whole plant usually pale green, 
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tall; collar of fibrous petiolar remains present at stem base. Stem ascending, branced from near base to median part, branches with several heads, 
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in diam. at base, whitish, with thin yellow striations, lower part glabrous, other parts subglabrous or sparsely covered with long hirsute-articulate hairs. Leaves rigid (on drying), divided, scabrous or covered with short hirsute hairs, sometimes denser along midrib and veins. Basal and lower cauline leaves petiolate, lanceolate in outline, 20–30 × 
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, pinnatipartite or sublyrate; segments 3–6 pairs, lanceolate or oblong-linear, equal in size, sometimes terminal ones slightly larger, entire or with a single tooth or several coarse teeth; sometimes with a few additional smaller lobes in the intervals. Median cauline leaves sessile, 8–14 × 
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, pinnatisect or sublyrate; segments 2–3 pairs, narrowly lanceolate or oblong-linear, sometimes terminal segments larger and triangular with a single tooth or several coarse teeth; sometimes undivided, oblong or lanceolate, decurrent, up to 
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along stem, acute at apex. Upper cauline leaves smaller, sessile, undivided, lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, 1–6 × 
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, narrowly decurrent, entire, acute or acuminate at apex. Capitula numerous, arranged in a dichasium or loose panicle. Involucres ovoid or ovoid-oblong, truncate at base, 15–20 × 
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. Phyllaries multiseriate, coriaceous, imbricate, yellowish-green, smooth, loosely tomentose. Appendages rigid, concealing part of phyllaries only, triangular, straw-coloured, not decurrent, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3EFFE01D863BE8F455FA6E" box="[1242,1307,1492,1517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="44" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide at base (excluding cilia), gradually narrowed into a 
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spine; cilia patent, 3–4 on each side, 2–3(–4) mm long; spines slightly longer than adjacent cilia. Outer phyllaries broadly triangular, 1.8–2.5 × 
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, appendages 
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long (including spine). Median phyllaries broadly lanceolate, 4–10 × 
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, appendages 
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long (including spine). Inner phyllaries narrowly lanceolate to linear, ca. 10 × 
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, appendages lacerated into a short spine or rounded with a denticulate margin. Flowers yellow; central florets hermaphroditic, 
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long, corolla 
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long, 5-lobed, lobes ± 
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long; peripheral florets sterile, slightly shorter than central ones, numerous (more 
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each capitulum) and conspicuous, finely dissected, not radiant, 5-lobed, limb lobes filiform. Achenes oblong, 
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long, 
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wide, white and shiny, or grayish, smooth, glabrescent; insertion areole lateral, yellow, ca. 
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long. Pappus persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, pale brown, 
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long, inner rows as long as or even slightly longer than others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3EFFE119E1395CF2CAFE82" blockId="44.[136,1452,1024,2093]" lastBlockId="45.[136,1452,160,257]" lastPageId="45" pageId="44">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3EFFE019E1395CF0F0F8FA" bold="true" box="[189,446,1888,1913]" pageId="44">Nomenclatural notes:</emphasis>
—When describing 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3EFFE01BFC395CF58EF8FA" authority=", Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" authorityName="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" box="[672,1216,1888,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3EFFE01BFC395CF2EBF8FA" box="[672,933,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="44">Centaurea gudrunensis</emphasis>
, Boissier &amp; Haussknecht
</taxonomicName>
in Boissier (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3EFFE01C12395CF18FF81E" author="Boissier, E." pageId="44" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier 1875</bibRefCitation>
) cited one collection, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3EFFE0189539B8F3CCF81E" box="[457,642,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="44">Haussknecht s.n</emphasis>
., as a type. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3EFFE01A6439B8F5EBF81E" authority=", Wagenitz (1980)" authorityName=", Wagenitz" authorityYear="1980" box="[824,1189,1924,1949]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Flora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iranica">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3EFFE01A6439B8F29BF81E" box="[824,981,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="44">Flora Iranica</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3EFFE01ABB39B8F5EBF81E" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[999,1189,1924,1949]" pageId="44" pagination="313 - 420" refId="ref69357" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1980) Centaurea L. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 139 b. Akademische Druck-und, Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 313 - 420." type="book chapter" year="1980">Wagenitz (1980)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
selected the specimen “ 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3EFFE019C83994F007F842" box="[148,329,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="44">Haussknecht s.n</emphasis>
.” as a 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF3EFFE018CD3994F0B6F842" box="[401,504,1960,1985]" pageId="44" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
that deposited at the herbarium G, but in 1960 and 2006 he selected another specimen as a 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF3EFFE019E539F0F06DF866" box="[185,291,1996,2021]" pageId="44" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, i.e. “ 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3EFFE0183F39F0F36DF866" box="[355,547,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="44">Haussknecht 585</emphasis>
” that is deposited at the herbarium G; this collection number is not mentioned in Boissier treatment’s (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3EFFE0182439CCF357F78A" author="Boissier, E." box="[376,537,2032,2057]" pageId="44" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier 1875</bibRefCitation>
). This paradox can be explained by three sheets that are at the herbarium G: two sheets numbered 585 and another one unnumbered. Therefore, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3EFFE01A063628F55FF7AE" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[858,1041,2068,2093]" pageId="44" pagination="469 - 494" refId="ref69162" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1960) Centaurea L. sect. Cynaropsis, eine neue Sektion der Gattung aus Vorderasien. Willdenowia 2: 469 - 494." type="journal article" year="1960">Wagenitz (1960</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3EFFE01D423628F516F7AE" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[1054,1112,2068,2093]" pageId="44" pagination="343 - 394" refId="ref69554" refString="Wagenitz, G. (2006) A revision of Centaurea (Compositae - Cardueae) in the flora of Iraq. Rostaniha 7, suppl. 2: 343 - 394." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
) should not have selected the specimen 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3FFFE119A73E9CF0F2FF3A" box="[251,444,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="45">Haussknecht 585</emphasis>
as a 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF3FFFE118A63E9CF32FFF3A" box="[506,609,160,185]" pageId="45" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
because the protologue (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3FFFE11ADC3E9CF551FF3A" author="Boissier, E." box="[896,1055,160,185]" pageId="45" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier 1875</bibRefCitation>
) cited explicitly only 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3FFFE11C403E9CF1E1FF5E" italics="true" pageId="45">Haussknecht s.n.</emphasis>
For this reason, the lectotypification by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3FFFE11B373EF8F250FF5E" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[619,798,196,221]" pageId="45" pagination="469 - 494" refId="ref69162" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1960) Centaurea L. sect. Cynaropsis, eine neue Sektion der Gattung aus Vorderasien. Willdenowia 2: 469 - 494." type="journal article" year="1960">Wagenitz (1960</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3FFFE11A743EF8F22DFF5E" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[808,867,196,221]" pageId="45" pagination="313 - 420" refId="ref69357" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1980) Centaurea L. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 139 b. Akademische Druck-und, Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 313 - 420." type="book chapter" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3FFFE11AC63EF8F29AFF5E" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[922,980,196,221]" pageId="45" pagination="343 - 394" refId="ref69554" refString="Wagenitz, G. (2006) A revision of Centaurea (Compositae - Cardueae) in the flora of Iraq. Rostaniha 7, suppl. 2: 343 - 394." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
) should be rejected, and since there is only 
<specimenCount id="9D47FD6BDF3FFFE119D43ED4F06CFE82" box="[136,290,232,257]" count="1" pageId="45" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3FFFE118743ED4F090FE82" box="[296,478,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="45">Haussknecht s.n</emphasis>
., it must be considered as a 
<typeStatus id="54FA8840DF3FFFE11A473ED4F2CFFE82" box="[795,897,232,257]" pageId="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF3FFFE119D439C1F5A5F791" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703480" box="[136,1259,2045,2066]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703480/files/figure.png" pageId="45" startId="45.[136,229,2045,2066]" targetBox="[199,1408,298,2002]" targetPageId="45" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3FFFE119D439C1F5A5F791" blockId="45.[136,1259,2045,2066]" box="[136,1259,2045,2066]" pageId="45">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3FFFE119D439C1F047F791" bold="true" box="[136,265,2045,2066]" pageId="45">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3FFFE1185339C1F547F791" authority="Negaresh" authorityName="Negaresh" authorityYear="2018" box="[271,1033,2045,2066]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="gigantea" subSpecies="rechingeri">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3FFFE1185339C1F080F791" box="[271,462,2045,2066]" italics="true" pageId="45">Centaurea gigantea</emphasis>
Schultz Bipontinus ex Boissier subsp. 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3FFFE11A1939C1F2E6F791" box="[837,936,2045,2066]" italics="true" pageId="45">rechingeri</emphasis>
Negaresh
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3FFFE11D4B39C1F5F7F791" box="[1047,1209,2045,2066]" italics="true" pageId="45">Rechinger 11013</emphasis>
, W).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF3CFFE219D4399DF2F7F835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703482" box="[136,953,1953,1974]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703482/files/figure.png" pageId="46" startId="46.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[212,1357,253,1915]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3CFFE219D4399DF2F7F835" blockId="46.[136,953,1953,1974]" box="[136,953,1953,1974]" pageId="46">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3CFFE219D4399DF047F835" bold="true" box="[136,265,1953,1974]" pageId="46">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3CFFE21853399DF390F835" authority="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" authorityName="Boissier &amp; Haussknecht" box="[271,734,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3CFFE21853399DF0A1F835" box="[271,495,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="46">Centaurea gudrunensis</emphasis>
Boissier &amp; Haussknecht
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3CFFE21BB7399DF2C0F835" box="[747,910,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="46">Haussknecht s.n.</emphasis>
, G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3DFFE319E13E9CF20BFECA" blockId="47.[136,1452,160,545]" pageId="47">
Regarding the authorship of the name, Index 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31BE83E9CF51AFF3A" authority=", IPNI and Wagenitz (1960)" authorityName=", IPNI and Wagenitz" authorityYear="1960" box="[692,1108,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kewensis">
Kewensis, IPNI and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3DFFE31AC63E9CF51AFF3A" author="Wagenitz, G." box="[922,1108,160,185]" pageId="47" pagination="469 - 494" refId="ref69162" refString="Wagenitz, G. (1960) Centaurea L. sect. Cynaropsis, eine neue Sektion der Gattung aus Vorderasien. Willdenowia 2: 469 - 494." type="journal article" year="1960">Wagenitz (1960)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
misinterpreted it as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31C6A3E9CF311FF5E" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss." authorityName="Boiss." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31C6A3E9CF05FFF5E" italics="true" pageId="47">Centaurea gudrunensis</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss.
</taxonomicName>
The species was described for the first time in Boissier’s Flora 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31C613EF8F074FE82" authority="(Boissier 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Boissier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
Orientalis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3DFFE319CC3ED4F07FFE82" author="Boissier, E." box="[144,305,232,257]" pageId="47" refId="ref65414" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva &amp; Basilea [Basel], 1033 pp." type="book" year="1875">Boissier 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. When the authorship was shared, Boissier wrote both authors in brackets as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31DF63ED4F049FEA6" authority="(Boiss. &amp; Haussk.)" baseAuthorityName="Boiss. &amp; Haussk." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31DF63ED4F41BFE82" box="[1194,1365,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. gudrunensis</emphasis>
(Boiss. &amp; Haussk.)
</taxonomicName>
(Fl. Orient. 3: 673) that should be interpreted as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31A753F30F5E4FEA6" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn." authorityName="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn." box="[809,1194,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31A753F30F29CFEA6" box="[809,978,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. gudrunensis</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn.
</taxonomicName>
in Boiss., but certainly not as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE3198D3F0CF38EFECA" authority="Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss." authorityName="Boiss." box="[209,704,304,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE3198D3F0CF035FECA" box="[209,379,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. gudrunensis</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss.
</taxonomicName>
(Art. 46.2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3DFFE319E13F68F3C6FDA2" blockId="47.[136,1452,160,545]" pageId="47">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE319E13F68F337FEEE" bold="true" box="[189,633,340,365]" pageId="47">Taxonomic and distribution remarks:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31BC93F68F2D7FEEE" box="[661,921,340,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31BC93F68F2D7FEEE" box="[661,921,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="47">Centaurea gudrunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a narrow endemic to 
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF3DFFE31DC73F68F4E9FEEE" box="[1179,1447,340,365]" country="Iraq" name="As Sulaymaniyah" pageId="47">Sulaymaniyah Province</collectingRegion>
, NE 
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF3DFFE319E83F44F1AFFE12" box="[180,225,376,401]" name="Iraq" pageId="47">Iraq</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A67DF3DFFE319AD3F44F00BFE12" box="[241,325,376,401]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="47.[136,229,1389,1410]" captionTargetBox="[166,1381,628,1339]" captionTargetId="figure-193@47.[151,1436,605,1363]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 30. Distribution of Centaurea gudrunensis (circles), C. haradjianii (squares), and C. haussknechtii (triangles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703484/files/figure.png" pageId="47">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). It is an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on dry waste at foothills, grassland, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31D8C3F44F460FE12" box="[1232,1326,376,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31D8C3F44F460FE12" box="[1232,1326,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="47">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, and mid-montane zone, at elavations of 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31B433FA0F3F0FE36" box="[543,702,412,437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="47" unit="m" value="1100.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–1200 m</quantity>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31B963FA0F29EFE36" box="[714,976,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31B963FA0F29EFE36" box="[714,976,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="47">Centaurea gudrunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species of 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31D933FA0F5A7FE36" box="[1231,1257,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="47">C.</emphasis>
sect. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31C773FA0F4E5FE36" box="[1323,1451,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynaroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31C773FA0F4E5FE36" box="[1323,1451,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="47">Cynaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that is endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF3DFFE318023FFCF0C5FE5A" box="[350,395,448,473]" name="Iraq" pageId="47">Iraq</collectingCountry>
and so far only known from four gatherings in the area of 
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF3DFFE31D643FFCF592FE5A" box="[1080,1244,448,473]" country="Iraq" name="Slemani" pageId="47">Sulaymaniyah</collectingRegion>
. Recently, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3DFFE31C053FFCF19DFE7E" author="Akhani, H." pageId="47" pagination="107 - 121" refId="ref65118" refString="Akhani, H. (2004) A new spiny, cushion-like Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) from south-west Iran with special reference to the phytogeographic importance of local endemic species. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 146: 107 - 121. http: // doi. 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2004.00310. x" type="journal article" year="2004">Akhani (2004)</bibRefCitation>
reported this species from 
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF3DFFE31B513FD8F3E3FE7E" box="[525,685,484,509]" country="Iran" name="Ilam" pageId="47">Ilam Province</collectingRegion>
as new to 
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF3DFFE31A703FD8F212FE7E" box="[812,860,484,509]" name="Iran" pageId="47">Iran</collectingCountry>
, but 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B13DF3DFFE31ACA3FD8F457FE7E" author="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R." box="[918,1305,484,509]" pageId="47" pagination="55 - 66" refId="ref68148" refString="Negaresh, K. &amp; Rahiminejad, M. R. (2015 b) The identity and revised circumscription of Centaurea iranshahrii (Asteraceae, Cardueae - Centaureinae) in Iran. Feddes Repertorium 126 (3 - 4): 55 - 66." type="journal article" year="2015">Negaresh &amp; Rahiminejad (2015b)</bibRefCitation>
rejected this record that actually belongs to 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE318BE3C34F3CFFDA2" authorityName="Wagenitz &amp; Esfandiari. A" authorityYear="1983" box="[482,641,520,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iranshahrii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE318BE3C34F3CFFDA2" box="[482,641,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. iranshahrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3E666ADF3DFFE319D43B51F443FA01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703484" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703484" box="[136,1293,1389,1410]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703484/files/figure.png" pageId="47" startId="47.[136,229,1389,1410]" targetBox="[166,1381,628,1339]" targetPageId="47" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3DFFE319D43B51F443FA01" blockId="47.[136,1293,1389,1410]" box="[136,1293,1389,1410]" pageId="47">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE319D43B51F04DFA01" bold="true" box="[136,259,1389,1410]" pageId="47">FIGURE 30</emphasis>
. Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE318FF3B51F3CDFA01" box="[419,643,1389,1410]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE318FF3B51F3CDFA01" box="[419,643,1389,1410]" italics="true" pageId="47">Centaurea gudrunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circles), 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31BB83B51F222FA01" box="[740,876,1389,1410]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haradjianii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31BB83B51F222FA01" box="[740,876,1389,1410]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. haradjianii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(squares), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31AA23B51F5D3FA01" box="[1022,1181,1389,1410]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haussknechtii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31AA23B51F5D3FA01" box="[1022,1181,1389,1410]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. haussknechtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3DFFE319E13B8EF334F88C" blockId="47.[136,1452,1458,2059]" pageId="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE319E13B8EF088FA48" box="[189,454,1458,1483]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gudrunensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE319E13B8EF088FA48" box="[189,454,1458,1483]" italics="true" pageId="47">Centaurea gudrunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31B3A3B8EF246FA48" authorityName="Wagenitz &amp; Esfandiari. A" authorityYear="1983" box="[614,776,1458,1483]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iranshahrii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31B3A3B8EF246FA48" box="[614,776,1458,1483]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. iranshahrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the shape of involucres and inflorescence and color of flowers. However, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31B523BEAF3E1FA6C" authorityName="Wagenitz &amp; Esfandiari. A" authorityYear="1983" box="[526,687,1494,1519]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iranshahrii">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31B523BEAF3E1FA6C" box="[526,687,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. iranshahrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its stem 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31A1D3BEAF2FDFA6C" box="[833,947,1494,1519]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="47" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="25.0">25–50 cm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31A9A3BEAF293FA6C" box="[966,989,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31AB23BEAF53EFA6C" box="[1006,1136,1494,1519]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="47" unit="cm" value="100.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="50.0">50–150 cm</quantity>
) tall, branched nearly from base to median part, glabrous or sparsely hirsute-articulate (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31A7A3BC6F273F990" box="[806,829,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. branched from median to upper parts, with divaricated branches, glabrous, sometimes upper part ± loosely arachnoid), indumentum of leaves scabrous or shortly hirsute (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31CD13822F4EAF9B4" box="[1421,1444,1566,1591]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. leaves in juvenile phase scabrous with loosely arachnoid hairs and sessile punctate glands, in mature phase subglabrous and scabrous along margins), basal leaves pinnatipartite or sublyrate, 20–30 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31ABB385AF576F9FC" box="[999,1080,1638,1663]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="47" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 cm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31D1B385AF510F9FC" box="[1095,1118,1638,1663]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. undivided, sometimes lyrate, 35–70 × 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE319B638B6F001F920" box="[234,335,1674,1699]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="47" unit="cm" value="14.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="8.0">8–20 cm</quantity>
), lower and median cauline leaves pinnatisect or pinnatipartite, sometimes sublyrate (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31C5A38B6F453F920" box="[1286,1309,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. undivided), involucres 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE318583892F033F944" box="[260,381,1710,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE318D13892F0EAF944" box="[397,420,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. (20–) 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE318B23892F327F944" box="[494,617,1710,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
) long, appendages triangular (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31AE33892F298F944" box="[959,982,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. elongate triangular), median appendages 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE319D438EEF1BDF968" box="[136,243,1746,1771]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="8.0">8–13 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE3185838EEF055F968" box="[260,283,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. (10–)12–20(–22) mm) long, cilia 3–4 on each side, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31A3238EEF282F968" box="[878,972,1746,1771]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31D4938EEF562F968" box="[1045,1068,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. 4–6 on each side, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31C5938EEF42CF968" box="[1285,1378,1746,1771]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
long), and also pappus 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE3181E38CAF0D1F88C" box="[322,415,1782,1807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE318F338CAF088F88C" box="[431,454,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE3188838CAF37CF88C" box="[468,562,1782,1807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
) long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF3DFFFC19E13926F1B3FE82" blockId="47.[136,1452,1458,2059]" lastBlockId="48.[136,1452,160,437]" lastPageId="48" pageId="47">
This species is also related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31B743926F3F8F8B0" box="[552,694,1818,1843]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31B743926F3F8F8B0" box="[552,694,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. geluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially because of involucres ovoid, stem color whitish and flowers yellow. However, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF3DFFE31B0B3902F3AEF8D4" box="[599,736,1854,1879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geluensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31B0B3902F3AEF8D4" box="[599,736,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. geluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its stem 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31A373902F295F8D4" box="[875,987,1854,1879]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="47" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="25.0">25–50 cm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31AB03902F54DF8D4" box="[1004,1027,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31D4E3902F5CAF8D4" box="[1042,1156,1854,1879]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="47" unit="cm" value="52.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="45.0">45–60 cm</quantity>
) tall, lower cauline leaves pinnatipartite or sublyrate, segments 3–6 pairs (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31BEE395EF387F8F8" box="[690,713,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. basally lobed, with 3–4 lobes on each side, or lyrate), median cauline leaves 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE3186D39BAF0DBF81C" box="[305,405,1926,1951]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="47" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8–14 cm</quantity>
long, pinnatisect or sublyrate (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31BA039BAF25DF81C" box="[764,787,1926,1951]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31A7839BAF237F81C" box="[804,889,1926,1951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="47" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8 cm</quantity>
long, undivided), involucres 15–20 × 10–15 (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31CD139BAF4EAF81C" box="[1421,1444,1926,1951]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. 30–35 × 18–25), appendages concealing part of phyllaries only, triangular, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31AAC3996F57FF840" box="[1008,1073,1962,1987]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide at base (excluding cilia) (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31CD13996F4EAF840" box="[1421,1444,1962,1987]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. totally concealing phyllaries, ovate-triangular or lanceolate, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31A7639F2F2C9F864" box="[810,903,1998,2023]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
wide at base (excluding cilia)), cilia 3–4 on each side, 2–3(–4) mm long (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE318CB39CEF0E0F788" box="[407,430,2034,2059]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. 7–12 on each side, (1–) 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31BE139CEF27DF788" box="[701,819,2034,2059]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
long), flowers 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31A8139CEF518F788" box="[989,1110,2034,2059]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF3DFFE31D3A39CEF533F788" box="[1126,1149,2034,2059]" italics="true" pageId="47">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF3DFFE31DD739CEF44AF788" box="[1163,1284,2034,2059]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25–27 mm</quantity>
) long, achenes 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF22FFFC19D43E9CF1AAFF3A" box="[136,228,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="48" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF22FFFC18743E9CF0E0FF3A" box="[296,430,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="48" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.6 mm</quantity>
wide, white, insertion areole ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF22FFFC1A473E9CF23EFF3A" box="[795,880,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="48" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF22FFFC1AEA3E9CF283FF3A" box="[950,973,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="48">vs</emphasis>
. ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF22FFFC1D5C3E9CF53FFF3A" box="[1024,1137,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="48" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.0">7–7.5 mm</quantity>
long, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF22FFFC1D873E9CF455FF3A" box="[1243,1307,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="48" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
wide, silver-bronze, sometimes dark brown to blackish, insertion areole ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF22FFFC1A0C3EF8F2E8FF5E" box="[848,934,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="48" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
long), and also pappus 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF22FFFC1DEE3EF8F441FF5E" box="[1202,1295,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="48" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF22FFFC1C433EF8F478FF5E" box="[1311,1334,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="48">vs</emphasis>
. ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF22FFFC1C303EF8F1FBFE82" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="48" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4 mm</quantity>
) long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF22FFFC19E13F30F327FEA6" blockId="48.[136,1452,160,437]" box="[189,617,268,293]" pageId="48">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF22FFFC19E13F30F099FEA6" bold="true" box="[189,471,268,293]" pageId="48">Chromosome numbers:</emphasis>
—Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6569DF22FFFC19E13F0CF574FE36" pageId="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFE36E2DF22FFFC19E13F0CF574FE36" blockId="48.[136,1452,160,437]" pageId="48">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF22FFFC19E13F0CF309FECA" bold="true" box="[189,583,304,329]" pageId="48">Selected specimens examined:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF22FFFC1B1B3F0CF39EFEEE" collectingDate="1867-06" collectionCode="G, JE" collectorName="Haussknecht" country="Iraq" elevation="1200" location="Pir Omar Gudrun" municipality="Prov." pageId="48" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Slemani">
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF22FFFC1B1B3F0CF3DEFECA" bold="true" box="[583,656,304,329]" pageId="48">
<collectingCountry id="F3567672DF22FFFC1B1B3F0CF3DEFECA" box="[583,656,304,329]" name="Iraq" pageId="48">IRAQ</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF22FFFC1BFF3F0CF393FECA" box="[675,733,304,329]" pageId="48">Prov.</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF22FFFC1BB43F0CF2C3FECA" box="[744,909,304,329]" country="Iraq" name="Slemani" pageId="48">Sulaymaniyah</collectingRegion>
: in graminosis 
<location id="8E9E6039DF22FFFC1D1E3F0CF45FFECA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF3EFFFC19D43DA8F574FE36:8E9E6039DF22FFFC1D1E3F0CF45FFECA" box="[1090,1297,304,329]" country="Iraq" municipality="Prov." name="Pir Omar Gudrun" pageId="48" stateProvince="Slemani">Pir Omar Gudrun</location>
, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF22FFFC1C173F0CF4E9FECA" box="[1355,1447,304,329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="48" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="006CD1D1DF22FFFC1C173F0CF4E9FECA" box="[1355,1447,304,329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="48" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFFF1022DF22FFFC19D43F68F04FFEEE" box="[136,257,340,365]" pageId="48" value="1867-06">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9CADF22FFFC19D43F68F04FFEEE" box="[136,257,340,365]" pageId="48" value="1867-06">June 1867</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF22FFFC18533F68F09CFEEE" box="[271,466,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="48">
<collectorName id="26B45334DF22FFFC18533F68F0D0FEEE" box="[271,414,340,365]" pageId="48">Haussknecht</collectorName>
585
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF22FFFC18BB3F68F34CFEEE" box="[487,514,340,365]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="48" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
!: two sheets, 
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF22FFFC1BC33F68F38DFEEE" box="[671,707,340,365]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15444" name="Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena" pageId="48" type="Herbarium">JE</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF22FFFC1B833F68F380FE12" collectingDate="1957-06-24" collectionCode="E, K" country="Iraq" location="Sulaymaniyah" pageId="48" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Slemani">
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF22FFFC1B833F68F2CCFEEE" box="[735,898,340,365]" country="Iraq" name="Slemani" pageId="48">Sulaymaniyah</collectingRegion>
, dry waste at foothills of mountain near city of 
<collectingRegion id="4985F800DF22FFFC19D43F44F065FE12" box="[136,299,376,401]" country="Iraq" name="Slemani" pageId="48">Sulaymaniyah</collectingRegion>
, 
<date id="FFFF1022DF22FFFC186B3F44F09EFE12" box="[311,464,376,401]" pageId="48" value="1957-06-24">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9CADF22FFFC186B3F44F09EFE12" box="[311,464,376,401]" pageId="48" value="1957-06-24">24 June 1957</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF22FFFC18803F44F325FE12" box="[476,619,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="48">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D61DF22FFFC18803F44F365FE12" authorityName="Bennet" authorityYear="1970" box="[476,555,376,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Haines" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Haines</taxonomicName>
1313
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF22FFFC1B213F44F3DAFE12" box="[637,660,376,401]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="48" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
!, 
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF22FFFC1BF93F44F38EFE12" box="[677,704,376,401]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="48" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF22FFFC1B873F44F39AFE36" collectingDate="1933-09-19" collectionCode="HUJ" collectorName="Zohary &amp; Feinbrun" country="Iraq" county="Surdash" elevation="1000" location="Quercetum" municipality="Shadala" pageId="48" specimenCount="1">
between 
<collectingCounty id="629F4E6EDF22FFFC1A1C3F44F2D4FE12" box="[832,922,376,401]" pageId="48">Surdash</collectingCounty>
and 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF22FFFC1A8E3F44F563FE12" box="[978,1069,376,401]" pageId="48">Shadala</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E9E6039DF22FFFC1D653F44F5FBFE12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF3EFFFC19D43DA8F574FE36:8E9E6039DF22FFFC1D653F44F5FBFE12" box="[1081,1205,376,401]" country="Iraq" county="Surdash" municipality="Shadala" name="Quercetum" pageId="48">Quercetum</location>
persicae, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB99B07DF22FFFC1C133F44F4E9FE12" box="[1359,1447,376,401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation id="006CD1D1DF22FFFC1C133F44F4E9FE12" box="[1359,1447,376,401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFFF1022DF22FFFC19D43FA0F02BFE36" box="[136,357,412,437]" pageId="48" value="1933-09-19">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9CADF22FFFC19D43FA0F02BFE36" box="[136,357,412,437]" pageId="48" value="1933-09-19">19 September 1933</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF22FFFC182C3FA0F334FE36" box="[368,634,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="48">
<collectorName id="26B45334DF22FFFC182C3FA0F08FFE36" box="[368,449,412,437]" pageId="48">Zohary</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26B45334DF22FFFC18B83FA0F302FE36" box="[484,588,412,437]" pageId="48">Feinbrun</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF22FFFC1BD63FA0F389FE36" box="[650,711,412,437]" country="Israel" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15399" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15399" name="Hebrew University" pageId="48" type="Herbarium">HUJ</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B293CBFDF22FFFC1BBC3FA0F578FE36" box="[736,1078,412,437]" collectionCode="K" country="Iraq" location="Anon" municipality="Bida Magrun" pageId="48" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9AAC98DF22FFFC1BBC3FA0F236FE36" box="[736,888,412,437]" pageId="48">Bida Magrun</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAF0DF22FFFC1ADE3FA0F2B2FE36" box="[898,1020,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="48">
<location id="8E9E6039DF22FFFC1ADE3FA0F2F3FE36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F4DF3EFFFC19D43DA8F574FE36:8E9E6039DF22FFFC1ADE3FA0F2F3FE36" box="[898,957,412,437]" country="Iraq" municipality="Bida Magrun" name="Anon" pageId="48">Anon</location>
5208
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED50AE27DF22FFFC1D513FA0F566FE36" box="[1037,1064,412,437]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="48" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>