410 lines
49 KiB
XML
410 lines
49 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3DBC4A014C22F754E39BDFDF383C0737">Polymastiidae and Suberitidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Hadromerida) of the deep Weddell Sea, Antarctic *</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="87946C48F945EE1397842CB3A423715B">Plotkin, Alexander S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="02FFF8C29F8CC7BA75BE38EA5071A738">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6EF28CB57F88446AA0CA841E68F48740">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6EC9B8F7E0A3D538AA2893BDCD1AC14A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0DADD8D07385470467DBA9A2B614862C">1866</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A2A02669920FD27531787A36A689985A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.183878</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E887DC5E7FFFA05EC91270FAD9AA99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6235797" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119374486" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6235797" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887DC5E7FFFA05EC91270FAD9AA99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DC5E7FFFA05EC91270FAD9AA99" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="21" pageNumber="116">
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<subSubSection id="C35B65415E7FFFAD5EC91270FD97AC12" box="[151,548,1591,1617]" pageId="21" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7FFFAD5EC91270FD97AC12" blockId="21.[151,548,1591,1617]" box="[151,548,1591,1617]" pageId="21" pageNumber="116">
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<heading id="D0B681A65E7FFFAD5EC91270FD97AC12" bold="true" box="[151,548,1591,1617]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="116" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7FFFAD5EC91270FD97AC12" bold="true" box="[151,548,1591,1617]" pageId="21" pageNumber="116">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7FFFAD5EB01270FD97AC12" authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[238,548,1591,1617]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="116" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7FFFAD5EB01270FED9AC12" bold="true" box="[238,362,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="116">Tentorium</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7FFFAD5F2D1270FD97AC12" author="Schmidt" box="[371,548,1591,1617]" pageId="21" pageNumber="135" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer spongien-fauna des Atlantischen gebietes. Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B65415E7FFFAD5EC912C5FEBCAD27" pageId="21" pageNumber="116" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7FFFAD5EC912C5FD7DACDF" blockId="21.[151,1437,1666,1932]" box="[151,718,1666,1692]" pageId="21" pageNumber="116">
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Diagnosis (emended from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7FFFAD5F9112C5FD71ACDF" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[463,706,1666,1692]" pageId="21" pageNumber="133" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (2002) Family Polymastiidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 201 - 219." type="book chapter" year="2002">BouryEsnault 2002</bibRefCitation>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7FFFAD5EC912EDFEBCAD27" blockId="21.[151,1437,1666,1932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="116">Sponges are columnar or globular, protected by a dense cylindrical sheath of longitudinally placed principal spicules which form a solid imperforate layer. The cortical skeleton contains bundles of smaller spicules arranged in a palisade and is limited to the upper surface of the cylinder. Ostia are present on the upper surface. The oscula are at the tops of small papillae located on the upper surface. Spicules are subtylostyles and tylostyles.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B65415E7FFFAD5E981334FB31ADCF" box="[198,1154,1906,1932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="116" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7FFFAD5E981334FB31ADCF" blockId="21.[151,1437,1666,1932]" box="[198,1154,1906,1932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="116">
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||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7FFFAD5E981334FED0ADCF" box="[198,355,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="116">
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<typeStatus id="54FA88685E7FFFAD5E981334FF4EADCF" box="[198,253,1907,1932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="116">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7FFFAD5F341334FCE2ADCF" authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[362,849,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Conopidae" genus="Thecophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semisuberites">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7FFFAD5F341334FD2CADCF" box="[362,671,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="116">Thecophora semisuberites</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7FFFAD5CF81335FCE2ADCF" author="Schmidt" box="[678,849,1906,1932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="135" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer spongien-fauna des Atlantischen gebietes. Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(by original designation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B65415E7CFFAE5EC914D0FEBDAB42" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5EC914D0FC8CAAF1" blockId="22.[151,831,151,178]" box="[151,831,151,178]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7CFFAE5EC914D0FD29AAF2" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1908" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,666,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatum">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5EC914D0FD29AAF2" bold="true" box="[151,666,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5EC914D0FE2DAAF2" bold="true" box="[151,414,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Tentorium papillatum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5FF014D0FD21AAF2" author="Kirkpatrick" box="[430,658,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="134" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1908) Porifera (Sponges). II. Tetraxonida, Dendy. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 4, Zoology, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1908">Kirkpatrick, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137A2A4F5E7CFFAE5CF414DFFC85AAF1" box="[682,822,152,178]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="23.[151,255,1167,1191]" captionStartId-1="24.[151,255,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,197,1140]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,277,1322]" captionTargetId-0="figure@23.[151,1436,197,1140]" captionTargetId-1="figure@24.[151,1436,277,1322]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Tentorium papillatum: external morphology and skeleton architecture. A – B – specimens from series SMF 10571. C – histological section of the specimen showed on A, general view. D – the same as C, detail of cortex. Scale bars: A – B 5 mm; C 1 mm; D 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Tentorium papillatum: spicules. A—frequency distribution of length. B—principal spicule. C—small tylostyles. Scale bars for B – C: 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/183889/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/183890/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Figs. 10–11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5EC914AFFEBDAB42" blockId="22.[151,1436,232,455]" box="[151,270,232,257]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5EC914AFFEBDAB42" box="[151,270,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Synonymy</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35B65415E7CFFAE5EC91557FD1AABC4" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5EC91557FBC5AB64" blockId="22.[151,1436,232,455]" box="[151,1142,272,295]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5111E45E7CFFAE5EC91557FBC5AB64" box="[151,1142,272,295]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5EC91557FD96AB64" box="[151,549,272,295]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7CFFAE5EC91557FE2AAB64" box="[151,409,272,295]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="caminatus" subSpecies="var">Suberites caminatus var</taxonomicName>
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. papillatus—
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</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010DB5E7CFFAE5C7B1557FCB5AB64" author="Kirkpatrick" box="[549,774,272,295]" page="20" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" year="1908">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5C7B1557FD53AB64" author="Kirkpatrick" box="[549,736,272,295]" pageId="22" pageNumber="134" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1908) Porifera (Sponges). II. Tetraxonida, Dendy. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 4, Zoology, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1908">Kirkpatrick 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 20
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</treatmentCitation>
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–21, pl. XV (16), pl. XVI (11–14).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5EC91577FD73AB04" blockId="22.[151,1436,232,455]" box="[151,704,304,327]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5111E45E7CFFAE5EC91577FD73AB04" box="[151,704,304,327]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
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||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5EC91577FE30AB04" box="[151,387,304,327]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7CFFAE5EC91577FF49AB04" box="[151,250,304,327]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Suberites</taxonomicName>
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papillatus—
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</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010DB5E7CFFAE5FDD1577FDF1AB04" author="Burton" box="[387,578,304,327]" page="445" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" year="1929">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5FDD1577FDBEAB04" author="Burton" box="[387,525,304,327]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" refString="Burton, M. (1929) Porifera. Part II. Antarctic sponges. British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910. Natural History Report, Zoology, 6 (4), 393 - 458." type="journal article" year="1929">Burton 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 445
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</treatmentCitation>
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; 1932: 336.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5EC91517FC8AAB24" blockId="22.[151,1436,232,455]" box="[151,825,336,359]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
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||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5EC91517FE35AB24" box="[151,390,336,359]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7CFFAE5EC91517FF49AB24" box="[151,250,336,359]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Suberites</taxonomicName>
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caminatus—
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5FD81517FDBFAB24" author="Koltun" box="[390,524,336,359]" pageId="22" pageNumber="134" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. Part 1. Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. & Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958), Explorations of the fauna of the seas. Vol. 2 (10). Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 6 - 133, 443 - 448." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun 1964</bibRefCitation>
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||
(partly): 25, pl. IV (15–18).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5EC91537FD1AABC4" blockId="22.[151,1436,232,455]" box="[151,681,368,391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5EC91537FE3CABC4" box="[151,399,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7CFFAE5EC91537FEB7ABC4" box="[151,260,368,391]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tentorium</taxonomicName>
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||
caminatus—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5FD11537FDA6ABC4" author="Koltun" box="[399,533,368,391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="134" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1976) Porifera. Part I: Antarctic sponges. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931 Reports, Ser. B (Zoology and Botany), 9 (4), 147 - 198." type="journal article" year="1976">Koltun 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(partly): 168.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35B65415E7CFFAE5EC915D7FEA9AB84" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5EC915D7FEA9AB84" blockId="22.[151,1436,232,455]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5111E45E7CFFAE5EC915D7FEA9AB84" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7CFFAE5EC915D7FECCABE4" box="[151,383,400,423]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5EC915D7FECCABE4" box="[151,383,400,423]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Tentorium papillatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010DB5E7CFFAE5FC415D7FDEBABE4" author="Topsent" box="[410,600,400,423]" page="36" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" year="1917">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5FC415D7FD9CABE4" author="Topsent" box="[410,559,400,423]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" refString="Topsent, E. (1917) Spongiaires. In: Joubin, L. (Ed.), Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 1910) Commandee par le Dr. Jean Charcot. Sciences Physiques: Documents Scientifiques, 4. Masson & Cie, Paris, pp. 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1917">Topsent 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 36
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. IV(2); BouryEsnault and van
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010DB5E7CFFAE5D8A15D7FB2FABE4" author="Beveren" box="[980,1180,400,423]" page="38" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" year="1982">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5D8A15D7FBC6ABE4" author="Beveren" box="[980,1141,400,423]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. & van Beveren, M. (1982) Les Demosponges du plateau continental de Kerguelen-Heard. Comite national francais des recherches antarctiques, 52, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1982">Beveren, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 38
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–39, pl. V(17–18), figs. 8c, d, e.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35B65415E7CFFAE5EC915BFFAD2A9B1" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5EC915BFFEC0A851" blockId="22.[151,670,504,570]" box="[151,371,504,530]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Material examined</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5E981667FD2DA879" blockId="22.[151,670,504,570]" box="[198,670,544,570]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED50AE0F5E7CFFAE5E981667FEB2A879" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[198,257,544,570]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
10571 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D47FD435E7CFFAE5F3C1667FE4BA879" box="[354,504,544,570]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
): PS67/0747.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5EC91637FE93A8C9" blockId="22.[151,1439,624,1970]" box="[151,288,624,650]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Description</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5E9816DFFAD2A9B1" blockId="22.[151,1439,624,1970]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5E9816DFFE79A8F2" box="[198,458,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">External morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
Sponges are mostly hemispherical or rarely more pillarlike, detached from substrata (figs. 10A, B). Their diameter may reach
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E7CFFAE5C991687FCADA899" box="[711,798,704,730]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Surface is smooth or slightly granulated. From 1 to 4 exhalant papillae and numerous small protuberances are located on the upper surface whereas the lateral surface lacks these structures. The papillae measure
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E7CFFAE5CBC1757FCE8A969" box="[738,859,784,810]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E7CFFAE5A561757FB24A969" box="[1032,1175,784,810]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. They are cylindrical or slightly conical, getting thinner at the summit, where oscula of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E7CFFAE5A05177FFB64A911" box="[1115,1239,824,850]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter are opened. Ostia are located exclusively at the tips of the small protuberances. The colour of the papillae, protuberances and the surface between them is more or less the same pale beige to whitish. Occasionally slight sediment dust makes the surface more greyish. The cortex is hardly detachable, nearly white in colour, rather dense and resilient in consistency. The choanosome is of similar colour, less dense but not very crumbly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35B65415E7CFFAE5E981047FB89AC81" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5E981047FE33AF19" blockId="22.[151,1439,624,1970]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5E981047FE82AE5A" box="[198,305,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
The choanosomal skeleton is constituted by the longitudinal tracts of principal spicules (fig. 10C). These tracts, initially measuring 150–220 µm in thickness, rise from the sponge base and branch into 2– 3 thinner tracts, which enter the cortex within the protuberances and diverge into bouquets. The cortical bouquets do not penetrate the surface which is therefore smooth. The cortex, measuring 420–440 µm in thickness, consists of a single palisade of small tylostyles (fig. 10D). This palisade is more or less regular over the whole surface. Within the protuberances it is intermingled with the principal bouquets and split by ostia. The palisade also continues to the lateral cortex, where the tylostyles do not change their polarity, staying perpendicular to the upper surface and tangentially to the lateral one. Skeleton of papillae is constituted by the ascending choanosomal tracts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5E98112FFF49AF91" blockId="22.[151,1439,624,1970]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5E98112FFE9CAFC2" box="[198,303,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Altogether 133 spicules from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D47FD435E7CFFAE5CC9112FFC94AFC1" box="[663,807,1384,1410]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were measured. Two size categories are well marked (fig. 11A). The number of measured spicules of each category is given below, separately for each specimen (
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5EFF11FFFF5AAF92" box="[161,233,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">n1, n2</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5E9811A7FB89AC81" blockId="22.[151,1439,624,1970]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Principal spicules are styles or subtylostyles with slightly subterminal, oval tyles which are only feebly developed (fig. 11B). They are usually straight, slender and slightly fusiform. Their dimensions are: length 814
|
||
<date id="FFFF100A5E7CFFAE5E931277FEBAAC09" box="[205,265,1584,1610]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" value="1068" valueMax="1743">1068</date>
|
||
1743 µm, tyle diameter 812.918 µm, proximal diameter 512.219 µm, central maximal diameter 1117.222 µm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5F02121FFDB9AC32" box="[348,522,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">n1=30, n2=20</emphasis>
|
||
). Small tylostyles are usually straight, rather fusiform, with welldeveloped terminal spherical tyles (fig. 11C). They measure: length 145348671 µm, tyle diameter 612.918, proximal diameter 38.714 µm, central maximal diameter 515.026 µm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5DD212EFFB9AAC82" box="[908,1065,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">n=30, n2=53</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35B65415E7CFFAE5E981297FBEBACA9" box="[198,1112,1744,1770]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5E981297FBEBACA9" blockId="22.[151,1439,624,1970]" box="[198,1112,1744,1770]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5E981297FED5ACAA" box="[198,358,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FA88685E7CFFAE5E981297FF4EACAA" box="[198,253,1744,1769]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F356765A5E7CFFAE5F331297FE6CACA9" box="[365,479,1744,1770]" name="Antarctica" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Pacific sector: to the West of Balleny Islands,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D47FD435E7CFFAE5A581297FBEBACA9" box="[1030,1112,1744,1770]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E7CFFAE5A581297FBE7ACA9" box="[1030,1108,1744,1770]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="462.0">462 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35B65415E7CFFA05E9812BFFAD9AA99" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5E9812BFFD5BAD21" blockId="22.[151,1439,624,1970]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5E9812BFFEEEAD52" box="[198,349,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F356765A5E7CFFAE5F0312BFFE79AD51" box="[349,458,1784,1810]" name="Antarctica" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
nearcontinent sectors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5CB812BFFC33AD51" author="Koltun" box="[742,896,1784,1810]" pageId="22" pageNumber="134" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. Part 1. Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. & Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958), Explorations of the fauna of the seas. Vol. 2 (10). Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 6 - 133, 443 - 448." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5DD312BFFBFDAD51" author="Sara" box="[909,1102,1784,1810]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="22" pageNumber="134" refString="Sara, M., Balduzzi, A., Barbieri, M., Bavestrello, G. & Burlando, B. (1992) Biogeographic traits and checklist of Antarctic demonsponges. Polar Biology, 12, 559 - 585." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Sarà
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5D9412BFFBB5AD52" box="[970,1030,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): N 5 including the Western Ross Sea and NN 8–9 including the Weddell Sea (present study as well). Depth:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E7CFFAE5A031367FB50AD79" box="[1117,1251,1824,1850]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="585.0" valueMax="1080.0" valueMin="90.0">90–1080 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5AAA1367FA3CAD79" author="Koltun" box="[1268,1423,1824,1850]" pageId="22" pageNumber="134" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. Part 1. Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. & Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958), Explorations of the fauna of the seas. Vol. 2 (10). Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 6 - 133, 443 - 448." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E7CFFAE5EE1130FFEABAD21" box="[191,280,1864,1890]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
|
||
in the NE Weddell Sea (present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5E981337FC3DADC9" blockId="22.[151,1439,624,1970]" box="[198,910,1904,1930]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
SW Atlantic:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F356765A5E7CFFAE5F361337FDA1ADC9" box="[360,530,1904,1930]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5C7F1337FD0AADC9" author="Koltun" box="[545,697,1904,1930]" pageId="22" pageNumber="134" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. Part 1. Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. & Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958), Explorations of the fauna of the seas. Vol. 2 (10). Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 6 - 133, 443 - 448." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5C981337FC32ADC9" author="Sara" box="[710,897,1904,1930]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="22" pageNumber="134" refString="Sara, M., Balduzzi, A., Barbieri, M., Bavestrello, G. & Burlando, B. (1992) Biogeographic traits and checklist of Antarctic demonsponges. Polar Biology, 12, 559 - 585." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Sarà
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7CFFAE5D5E1337FC88ADCA" box="[768,827,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7CFFAE5E9813DFFB0BADF1" blockId="22.[151,1439,624,1970]" box="[198,1208,1944,1970]" pageId="22" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Southern Indian Ocean: Kerguelen,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E7CFFAE5C3213DFFD42ADF1" box="[620,753,1944,1970]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="1.77" pageId="22" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="246.0" valueMax="315.0" valueMin="177.0">177–315 m</quantity>
|
||
(BouryEsnault & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7CFFAE5A5D13DFFB18ADF1" author="Beveren" box="[1027,1195,1944,1970]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. & van Beveren, M. (1982) Les Demosponges du plateau continental de Kerguelen-Heard. Comite national francais des recherches antarctiques, 52, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1982">Beveren 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3E66425E7DFFAF5EC910C8FE41AEA8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183889/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" targetBox="[151,1435,197,1140]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7DFFAF5EC910C8FE41AEA8" blockId="23.[151,1439,1167,1259]" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5EC910C8FE9BAEE4" bold="true" box="[151,296,1167,1191]" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5F6E10C8FDABAEE5" box="[304,536,1167,1190]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5F6E10C8FDABAEE5" box="[304,536,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Tentorium papillatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: external morphology and skeleton architecture. A–B–specimens from series SMF 10571. C–histological section of the specimen showed on A, general view. D–the same as C, detail of cortex. Scale bars: A–B 5 mm; C 1 mm; D 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7DFFAF5EC9115DFF4CAF77" blockId="23.[151,1437,1306,2012]" box="[151,255,1306,1332]" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Remarks</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7DFFAF5E981105FD13AD57" blockId="23.[151,1437,1306,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
|
||
The classification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5F9E1105FD0DAF18" box="[448,702,1346,1371]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5F9E1105FD0DAF18" box="[448,702,1346,1371]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Tentorium papillatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been a matter of considerable debate. In 1886 Ridley and Dendy established a new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5C7B112DFCA0AFC0" box="[549,787,1386,1411]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caminatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5C7B112DFCA0AFC0" box="[549,787,1386,1411]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Suberites caminatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A year latter they erected a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5B50112DFE68AFEF" authority="Ridley & Dendy, 1887" authorityName="Ridley & Dendy" authorityYear="1887" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microstomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5B50112DFF75AFE8" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">S. microstomus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7DFFAF5E9011D5FE68AFEF" author="Ridley" box="[206,475,1426,1452]" pageId="23" pageNumber="134" refString="Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. " Challenger " during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. " Challenger ", 1873 - 1876, Zoology 20 (59), 1 - 275." type="journal article" year="1887">Ridley & Dendy, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, out of one
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FA88685E7DFFAF5C3611D5FD70AFEF" box="[616,707,1426,1452]" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5CB511D5FC31AFE8" box="[747,898,1426,1451]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caminatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5CB511D5FC31AFE8" box="[747,898,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">S. caminatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7DFFAF5DCF11D5FBDDAFEF" author="Kirkpatrick" box="[913,1134,1426,1452]" pageId="23" pageNumber="134" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1908) Porifera (Sponges). II. Tetraxonida, Dendy. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 4, Zoology, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1908">Kirkpatrick (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established new varieties for the species of Ridley and Dendy,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5C0211FDFC1AAF90" box="[604,937,1466,1491]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="caminatus" variety="papillatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5C0211FDFC1AAF90" box="[604,937,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">S. caminatus var. papillatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differing from the typical morphs by the locality of ostia exclusively on the tops of small surface raisings and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5D8711A5FA9EAFB8" box="[985,1325,1506,1531]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="microstomus" variety="stellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5D8711A5FA9EAFB8" box="[985,1325,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">S. microstomus var. stellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differing from the typical morphs by the stellate shape of the surface ostial areas and by the thicker and denser cortical tylostyles.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7DFFAF5F481275FE7BAC0F" author="Topsent" box="[278,456,1586,1612]" pageId="23" pageNumber="135" refString="Topsent, E. (1917) Spongiaires. In: Joubin, L. (Ed.), Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 1910) Commandee par le Dr. Jean Charcot. Sciences Physiques: Documents Scientifiques, 4. Masson & Cie, Paris, pp. 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1917">Topsent (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
raised the variety
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5CFE1275FCA6AC08" box="[672,789,1586,1611]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5CFE1275FCA6AC08" box="[672,789,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">papillatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to species level and placed it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5ACD1275FAB9AC08" box="[1171,1290,1586,1611]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5ACD1275FAB9AC08" box="[1171,1290,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5B671275FF69AC30" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5B671275FF69AC30" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">T. papillatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7DFFAF5EB2121DFE26AC37" author="Burton" box="[236,405,1626,1652]" pageId="23" pageNumber="133" refString="Burton, M. (1929) Porifera. Part II. Antarctic sponges. British Antarctic (" Terra Nova ") Expedition, 1910. Natural History Report, Zoology, 6 (4), 393 - 458." type="journal article" year="1929">Burton (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
agreed with validity of this species but kept it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5A5E121DFBDEAC30" box="[1024,1133,1626,1651]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5A5E121DFBDEAC30" box="[1024,1133,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Suberites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5AFC121DFA8BAC30" box="[1186,1336,1626,1651]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5AFC121DFA8BAC30" box="[1186,1336,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">S. papillatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7DFFAF5B15121DFF57ACDF" author="Koltun" pageId="23" pageNumber="134" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges of the Antarctic. Part 1. Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. In: Pavlovskii, E. P., Andriyashev, A. P. & Ushakov, P. V. (Eds.), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955 - 1958), Explorations of the fauna of the seas. Vol. 2 (10). Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 6 - 133, 443 - 448." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5FCE12C5FD91ACD8" box="[400,546,1666,1691]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5FCE12C5FD91ACD8" box="[400,546,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">S. papillatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5C3B12C5FD48ACD8" box="[613,763,1666,1691]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caminatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5C3B12C5FD48ACD8" box="[613,763,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">S. caminatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5D6A12C5FC55ACD8" box="[820,998,1666,1691]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microstomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5D6A12C5FC55ACD8" box="[820,998,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">S. microstomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and gave the name of the senior synonym,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5EB312EDFE34AC80" box="[237,391,1706,1731]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caminatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5EB312EDFE34AC80" box="[237,391,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">S. caminatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Llater he transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5CC112EDFCA4AC80" box="[671,791,1706,1731]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caminatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5CC112EDFCA4AC80" box="[671,791,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">caminatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5D1812EDFC0EAC80" box="[838,957,1706,1731]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5D1812EDFC0EAC80" box="[838,957,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without any comments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7DFFAF5AAF12EDFA3CAC87" author="Koltun" box="[1265,1423,1706,1732]" pageId="23" pageNumber="134" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1976) Porifera. Part I: Antarctic sponges. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931 Reports, Ser. B (Zoology and Botany), 9 (4), 147 - 198." type="journal article" year="1976">Koltun 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). BouryEsnault and van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7DFFAF5FEC1295FDD9ACAF" author="Beveren" box="[434,618,1746,1772]" pageId="23" pageNumber="133" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. & van Beveren, M. (1982) Les Demosponges du plateau continental de Kerguelen-Heard. Comite national francais des recherches antarctiques, 52, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1982">Beveren (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
advocated the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5DFB1295FBEAACA8" box="[933,1113,1746,1771]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microstomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5DFB1295FBEAACA8" box="[933,1113,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">S. microstomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also followed
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7DFFAF5B611295FF5BAD57" author="Topsent" pageId="23" pageNumber="135" refString="Topsent, E. (1917) Spongiaires. In: Joubin, L. (Ed.), Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 1910) Commandee par le Dr. Jean Charcot. Sciences Physiques: Documents Scientifiques, 4. Masson & Cie, Paris, pp. 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1917">Topsent (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, maintaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5FD912BDFE4FAD50" box="[391,508,1786,1811]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5FD912BDFE4FAD50" box="[391,508,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">papillatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5C7C12BDFD2AAD50" box="[546,665,1786,1811]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5C7C12BDFD2AAD50" box="[546,665,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E7DFFA05E981365FAD9AA99" blockId="23.[151,1437,1306,2012]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1435,152,218]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
|
||
Herein, we follow Topsent and BouryEsnault & van Beveren considering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5A1A1365FB70AD78" box="[1092,1219,1826,1851]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5A1A1365FB70AD78" box="[1092,1219,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">papillatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5EC9130DFEBFAD20" box="[151,268,1866,1891]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5EC9130DFEBFAD20" box="[151,268,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; its regular radial skeleton and presence of papillae do not correspond with the accepted definition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5EE91335FE97ADC8" box="[183,292,1906,1931]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5EE91335FE97ADC8" box="[183,292,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Suberites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E7DFFAF5FCB1335FDAEADCF" author="Soest" box="[405,541,1906,1932]" pageId="23" pageNumber="135" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (2002) Family Suberitidae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 227 - 244." type="book chapter" year="2002">Soest 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the location of exhalant papillae and ostia exclusively on the upper surface, the singlelayered cortex and only two tylostyle categories are typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5AFE13DDFAA4ADF0" box="[1184,1303,1946,1971]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5AFE13DDFAA4ADF0" box="[1184,1303,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5E8B1385FEC7AD98" box="[213,372,1986,2011]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5E8B1385FEC7AD98" box="[213,372,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">T. papillatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
considerably differs from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FA88685E7DFFAF5CB61385FCA8AD9F" box="[744,795,1986,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E7DFFAF5DD51385FBE1AD98" box="[907,1106,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E7DFFAF5DD51385FBFEAD98" box="[907,1101,1986,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Conopidae" genus="Thecophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semisuberites">T. semisuberites</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and also from the recently described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E72FFA05F5114DFFCD2AAF1" authority="Ilan, Gugel, Galil & Janussen, 2003" authorityName="Ilan, Gugel, Galil & Janussen" authorityYear="2003" box="[271,865,152,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levantinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E72FFA05F5114DFFE1CAAF2" box="[271,431,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="119">T. levantinum</emphasis>
|
||
Ilan, Gugel, Galil & Janussen,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E72FFA05D7814DFFCD2AAF1" box="[806,865,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.087619999999999" pageId="24" pageNumber="119" unit="in" value="2003.0">2003</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking a dense, solid, lateral sheath made of principal spicules placed longitudinally. Thus, the taxonomic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E72FFA05DB01487FB39AA9A" box="[1006,1162,192,217]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Tentorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E72FFA05DB01487FB39AA9A" box="[1006,1162,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="119">T. papillatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |