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<document id="78B6D36615E946CA6BCFE8A6816CCD7A" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4069574" ID-ZooBank="F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1602021550335" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Huber, Bernhard A. &amp; Villarreal, Osvaldo" docDate="2020" docId="03E887ADFFD57A07FDCFFB3CFB3DFEFC" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-718_huber_villareal.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 718" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Anopsicus Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1938" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFD1FFD5FFD07A01FF8BFF8FFA5BFFBA" masterDocTitle="On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae)" masterLastPageNumber="317" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698792674692" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="3BC3717C1C7A99D2F421A45331ABD385">On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="842EB9B92607F935682362C4B8E79031" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F17D9F5484DFB3422E654AE41BD0F1CA">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BFA9DBAFAEA315AA173160215C483181">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FF57B6D477B0165871A097BB035A4AC1" type="email">b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4E5478C45B98500EA75B81E78F048741">Villarreal, Osvaldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1E37929F2D089526FD9F5E9FB2D9B798">Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. &amp; Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="598EE471C07E40A3D70B7798477C0B91" type="email">osvaldovillarreal@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="64C3BFBF3C07F0E95CA499ED16B31115">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6FCC0DB82F6A44AFE317701CFE4979E1">
<mods:date id="C7B363B8CA5D29B7AF57B84A33AD2777">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="713E5BB7F7B9D34F16E1188CC315AB5A">2020-10-01</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E887ADFFD57A07FDCFFB3CFB3DFEFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4343845" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4343845" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887ADFFD57A07FDCFFB3CFB3DFEFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887ADFFD57A07FDCFFB3CFB3DFEFC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="C35B6530FFD57A04FDCFFB3CFB58FAAA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFE36BBFFD57A04FDCFFB3CF9ABFB74" blockId="5.[580,1008,1203,1230]" box="[580,1008,1203,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0B681D7FFD57A04FDCFFB3CF9ABFB74" box="[580,1008,1203,1230]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD57A04FDCFFB3CF9ABFB74" ID-CoL="X2B" ID-ENA="2069219" authority="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1938" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1938" box="[580,1008,1203,1230]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FDCFFB3CF899FB77" bold="true" box="[580,706,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anopsicus</emphasis>
Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1938
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<heading id="D0B681D7FFD57A04FF36FB79FB58FAAA" bold="true" box="[189,259,1270,1296]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FF36FB79FB58FAAA" bold="true" box="[189,259,1270,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Notes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6530FFD57A07FF36FAA9FB3DFEFC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFE36BBFFD57A04FF36FAA9FF3DFA68" blockId="5.[189,1399,1318,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
With now 64 described species (all but the new species below in
<collectingCountry id="F356762BFFD57A04FC26FAA9FE51FAFA" box="[941,1034,1318,1344]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, Central America, and the West Indies),
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD57A04FE94FAC4FBC3FADF" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1938" box="[287,408,1355,1381]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FE94FAC4FBC3FADF" box="[287,408,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anopsicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is among the most species-rich pholcid genera. The majority of species has a total body length of less than
<quantity id="4CB99B5EFFD57A04FE5AFAE0F84DFA33" box="[465,534,1391,1417]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, and 23 species are known from only one sex. Fortunately,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B4AFFD57A04FB3FFAE0FF2DFA33" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[1204,1398,1391,1417]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref126994" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association for Mexican Cave Studies Bulletin 8: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch’s (1982)</bibRefCitation>
revision of the genus treats most known species (all except
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD57A04FC0FFA1BFE2BFA17" authority="Huber, 1998" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="1998" box="[900,1136,1427,1454]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tico">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FC0FFA1BF98AFA17" box="[900,977,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. tico</emphasis>
Huber, 1998
</taxonomicName>
), and his illustrations, even though offering little detail, provide enough information to confidently distinguish most species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36BBFFD57A04FF36FA74FF55F882" blockId="5.[189,1399,1530,1849]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
A comparison of the Venezuelan specimens below with Gertsch’s descriptions and drawings reveals that some named species appear to be similar in structure [e.g., procursus of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD57A04FBA9F990FF29F983" authority="(Gertsch, 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Gertsch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1058,1394,1567,1593]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mitchelli">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FBA9F990FEF0F983" box="[1058,1195,1567,1593]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. mitchelli</emphasis>
(Gertsch, 1971)
</taxonomicName>
; genital bulb of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD57A04FEE5F9CBF8C4F9E4" authority="Gertsch, 1982" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1982" box="[366,671,1603,1630]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvanus">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FEE5F9CBFBB5F9E7" box="[366,494,1603,1630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. silvanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B4AFFD57A04FE7DF9CCF8C4F9E4" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[502,671,1603,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref126994" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association for Mexican Cave Studies Bulletin 8: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
], but none is as small as the species below (
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD57A04FB16F9CBFAA3F938" authority="Gertsch, 1982" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1982" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiapa">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FB16F9CBFF56F9E7" box="[1181,1293,1603,1630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. chiapa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B4AFFD57A04FA9FF9CCFAA3F938" author="Gertsch W. J." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref126994" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association for Mexican Cave Studies Bulletin 8: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is the smallest, with a body length of 1.12 and carapace width of 0.57). In addition,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B4AFFD57A04FB4CF9E7FF2DF938" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[1223,1398,1640,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref126994" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association for Mexican Cave Studies Bulletin 8: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch (1982)</bibRefCitation>
emphasized the high degree of endemism in this genus (“…one of the prime identification aids for the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD57A04FEBCF93EFBEBF971" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1938" box="[311,432,1713,1739]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FEBCF93EFBEBF971" box="[311,432,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anopsicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is geography…”). In fact, his identification keys are divided by geographic regions (
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, Central America, West Indies) because there was no overlap. The putatively new species below is the first to be described from South America, so it appears very unlikely also from this perspective that it could be a synonym of a Central American or West Indian (only
<collectingCountry id="F356762BFFD57A04FC40F891FE52F882" box="[971,1033,1822,1848]" name="Cuba" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cuba</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F356762BFFD57A04FBC9F891FEF9F883" box="[1090,1186,1822,1849]" name="Jamaica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
) species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36BBFFD57A04FF36F8EEFF2CF852" blockId="5.[189,1399,1889,2025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The assignment of the species below to
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD57A04FD1FF8EEF956F8C1" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1938" box="[660,781,1889,1915]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FD1FF8EEF956F8C1" box="[660,781,1889,1915]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anopsicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears straightforward by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B4AFFD57A04FBDCF8EEFF40F8C1" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[1111,1307,1889,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref126994" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association for Mexican Cave Studies Bulletin 8: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch’s (1982)</bibRefCitation>
criteria and by similarity, but it should be noted that the monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD57A04FC43F809FE1AF81A" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1938" box="[968,1089,1926,1952]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FC43F809FE1AF81A" box="[968,1089,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anopsicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has never been tested by rigorous analysis. In our recent molecular phylogeny (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B4AFFD57A04FCCDF825FE79F87E" author="Eberle J. &amp; Dimitrov D. &amp; Valdez-Mondragon A. &amp; Huber B. A." box="[838,1058,1962,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="141" refId="ref126943" refString="Eberle J., Dimitrov D., Valdez-Mondragon A. &amp; Huber B. A. 2018. Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
Eberle
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FC15F824F981F87E" box="[926,986,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B4AFFD57A04FBBBF825FF5CF87E" author="Huber B. A. &amp; Eberle J. &amp; Dimitrov D." box="[1072,1287,1962,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="51 - 101" refId="ref129939" refString="Huber B. A., Eberle J. &amp; Dimitrov D. 2018. The phylogeny of pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae): a critical evaluation of relationships suggested by molecular data. ZooKeys 789: 51 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 789.22781" type="journal article" year="2018">
Huber
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FB09F824FEE4F87E" box="[1154,1215,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
), the few species of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD57A04FECCF840FB9BF853" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1938" box="[327,448,1999,2025]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FECCF840FB9BF853" box="[327,448,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anopsicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included were scattered among representatives of
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD57A04FBC8F841FF29F852" authority="Simon, 1893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[1091,1394,1998,2024]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Modisimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD57A04FBC8F841FE9FF852" box="[1091,1220,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Modisimus</emphasis>
Simon, 1893
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36BBFFD67A07FF36FE85FB3DFEFC" blockId="6.[189,1399,265,326]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
It remains unclear whether those species were erroneously assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD67A07FC79FE86FE30FE99" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1938" box="[1010,1131,265,291]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD67A07FC79FE86FE30FE99" box="[1010,1131,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Anopsicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or if
<taxonomicName id="4C414D38FFD67A07FB23FE86FF7AFE99" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1938" box="[1192,1313,265,291]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Anopsicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAA9FFD67A07FB23FE86FF7AFE99" box="[1192,1313,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Anopsicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is nonmonophyletic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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