treatments-xml/data/03/FD/E6/03FDE60CFFEAFFF4894F44A6CE2FFAE2.xml

<document id="F6DE61066A41CF9022AFAA1688B3068A" ID-CLB-Dataset="2509" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5339545" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3d4d1d57-aa86-4f6d-8360-2409b1e49b6c" ID-ISSN="0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339545" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630184288920" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Świętojańska, Jolanta &amp; Borowiec, Lech" docDate="2012" docId="03FDE60CFFEAFFF4894F44A6CE2FFAE2" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2012.52.suppl.381-394.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF.10:ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Cassida (Tylocentra) rothschildi Spaeth 1922" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="392" masterDocId="FFC49E74FFEBFFFF88134737CD56FF96" masterDocTitle="Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Socotra Island" masterLastPageNumber="394" masterPageNumber="381" pageNumber="382" updateTime="1699196528888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="CC71E27B38E9792F6B24CDD9C7D3CBE3">Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Socotra Island</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C367145216A95EA973BEE38893114CCB">Świętojańska, Jolanta</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4C9ED142008D0875270CAD1627734982">Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63 / 77, 51 - 148 Wrocław, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6AFB2F8465D6345A54B6AADA993D8ECB">Borowiec, Lech</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ADAEA579F4705AF289551E5FD25613C7">Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63 / 77, 51 - 148 Wrocław, Poland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="74AC1B878601B110FC59675476CAF45B" type="email">cassidae@biol.uni.wroc.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E1F1F18DF42A9E6E0EF389C0500D3490">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5D6A6CD480E26F8679BD4C15DEA4B11B">2012</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C34E0491FFEAFFFE894F44A6CE03FC3C" box="[348,853,913,938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEAFFFE894F44A6CE03FC3C" blockId="1.[348,853,913,938]" box="[348,853,913,938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<heading id="D0A3E076FFEAFFFE894F44A6CE03FC3C" bold="true" box="[348,853,913,938]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFEAFFFE894F44A6CE03FC3C" ID-CoL="7RZ29" authority="Spaeth, 1922" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[348,853,913,938]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi" subGenus="Tylocentra">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE894F44A6CE03FC3C" bold="true" box="[348,853,913,938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE894F44A6CCE4FC3C" bold="true" box="[348,434,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Cassida</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE89D144A6CF61FC3C" bold="true" box="[450,567,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Tylocentra</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE8A5444A6CFE8FC3C" bold="true" box="[583,702,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">rothschildi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFEAFFFE8AD744A5CE03FC3C" author="SPAETH F." box="[708,853,914,938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" refId="ref4874" refString="SPAETH F. 1922: Chrysomelides, Cassidines. Pp. 997 - 1004. In: Voyage de M. Le Baron Maurice de Rotschild en Ethiopie et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise (1904 - 1905). Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1015 pp." type="book" year="1922">Spaeth, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEAFFFE8A364486CFD8FC52" blockId="1.[113,989,945,1025]" box="[549,654,945,964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
(
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEAFFFE8A384486CFD0FC52" box="[555,646,945,964]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStart-2="Figs" captionStart-3="Figs" captionStart-4="Figs" captionStart-5="Figs" captionStart-6="Figs" captionStartId-0="2.[151,190,1553,1572]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,190,1525,1544]" captionStartId-2="5.[113,152,1562,1581]" captionStartId-3="7.[114,153,1171,1190]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,190,1329,1348]" captionStartId-5="9.[113,152,1324,1343]" captionStartId-6="10.[151,190,1222,1241]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1086,233,1511]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1126,219,1503]" captionTargetBox-2="[113,1088,222,1502]" captionTargetBox-3="[130,1069,211,1139]" captionTargetBox-4="[160,1113,223,1294]" captionTargetBox-5="[155,1044,217,1295]" captionTargetBox-6="[220,1053,227,1197]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@2.[168,1110,213,1521]" captionTargetId-1="figure-12@4.[151,1127,219,1503]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@5.[113,1088,222,1502]" captionTargetId-3="figure-16@7.[113,1088,195,1148]" captionTargetId-4="figure-11@8.[151,1126,219,1304]" captionTargetId-5="figure-17@9.[144,1057,210,1313]" captionTargetId-6="figure-114@10.[215,1063,217,1204]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionText-0="Figs. 1–6. Cassida rothschildi Spaeth, 1922. 1, 2 – habitus dorsal; 3 – habitus lateral; 4 – head and prosternum; 5 – antenna; 6 – tarsal claw." captionText-1="Figs. 7–10. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 7 – dorsal aspect; 8 – ventral aspect; 9 – larva with previous larval skin, dorsal aspect; 10 – larva with previous larval skin, lateral aspect." captionText-2="Figs. 11–12. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva, cauliflower-like sensilla of head." captionText-3="Figs. 13–14. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 13 – pronotum; 14 – sixth and seventh abdominal tergites." captionText-4="Figs. 15–16. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 15 – metasternum and first three abdominal sternites; 16 – sixth and seventh abdominal sternites." captionText-5="Figs. 17–21. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 17 – first two lateral scoli; 18 – third lateral scolus; 19 – leg; 20 – head frontal side; 21 – head temporal side." captionText-6="Figs. 22–27. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 22 – labrum dorsally; 23 – labrum, epipharyngeal area; 24, 25 – mandibles; 26 – antenna; 27 – maxillae and labium ventrally. Abbreviations: ds – digitiform sensillum; hyp – hypopharynx; lp – labial palp; mal – mala; mp – maxillary palp; post – postmentum; pp – palpiger; pre – prementum; st – stipes." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339547" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339549" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339551" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339553" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339555" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339558" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339560" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5339547/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5339549/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5339551/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5339553/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5339555/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5339558/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/5339560/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Figs. 1–27</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E0491FFEAFFFE886244E3CE8BFB96" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEAFFFE886244E3CC98FC70" blockId="1.[113,989,945,1025]" box="[113,462,979,998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5710BFFEAFFFE886244E3CC9CFC70" author="SPAETH F." box="[113,458,979,998]" page="1002" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" year="1922">
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFEAFFFE886244E3CC9CFC70" ID-CoL="7RZ29" authority="Spaeth, 1922: 1002" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityPageNumber="1002" authorityYear="1922" box="[113,458,979,998]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE886244E3CC4AFC70" box="[113,284,980,998]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Cassida Rothschildi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFEAFFFE893144E4CC9CFC70" author="SPAETH F." box="[290,458,979,998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" refId="ref4874" refString="SPAETH F. 1922: Chrysomelides, Cassidines. Pp. 997 - 1004. In: Voyage de M. Le Baron Maurice de Rotschild en Ethiopie et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise (1904 - 1905). Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1015 pp." type="book" year="1922">Spaeth, 1922: 1002</bibRefCitation>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEAFFFE886244D9CE8BFB96" blockId="1.[113,989,945,1025]" box="[113,989,1005,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5710BFFEAFFFE886244D9CCB6FB97" author="BOROWIEC L." box="[113,480,1006,1025]" page="277" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFEAFFFE886244D9CCEEFB97" ID-CoL="7RZ29" authority=": BOROWIEC (1999)" authorityName="BOROWIEC" authorityYear="1999" box="[113,440,1006,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE886244D9CC41FB96" box="[113,279,1006,1024]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Cassida rothschildi</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFEAFFFE893144D9CCEEFB97" author="BOROWIEC L." box="[290,440,1006,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" refId="ref4406" refString="BOROWIEC L. 1999: A world catalogue of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Biologica Silesiae, Wroclaw, 476 pp." type="book" year="1999">BOROWIEC (1999)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 277
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5710BFFEAFFFE8A4344D9CE27FB97" author="BOROWIEC L. &amp; SEKERKA L." box="[592,881,1006,1025]" page="377" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFEAFFFE8A4344D9CE1FFB97" author="BOROWIEC L. &amp; SEKERKA L." box="[592,841,1006,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" pagination="368 - 390" refId="ref4522" refString="BOROWIEC L. &amp; SEKERKA L. 2010: Cassidinae. Pp. 64 - 65, 368 - 390. In: LOBL I. &amp; SMETANA A. (eds.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 6, Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 924 pp." type="book chapter" year="2010">BOROWIEC &amp; SEKERKA (2010)</bibRefCitation>
: 377
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue).
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E0491FFEAFFFE88624320CFA8FAFC" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEAFFFE88624320CE66FBBC" blockId="1.[113,1090,1046,1387]" box="[113,816,1046,1067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE88624320CDB3FBBC" bold="true" box="[113,229,1046,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<typeStatus id="54EFE9B8FFEAFFFE88624320CDC8FBBC" box="[113,158,1047,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
. Lasami in Randile region (northern 
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFEAFFFE8A30432FCF0BFBBD" box="[547,605,1048,1067]" name="Kenya" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, close to 
<collectingRegion id="499099F8FFEAFFFE8ABF4320CFA4FBBC" box="[684,754,1047,1066]" country="Kenya" name="Turkana" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Turkana</collectingRegion>
Lake).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEAFFFE88624305CFEFFBF6" blockId="1.[113,1090,1046,1387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE88624305CDAEFBD3" bold="true" box="[113,248,1073,1093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE88EC4305CFEFFBF6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661309" collectingDate="1906" collectorName="Maurice de Rothschild" country="Angl." pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54EFE9B8FFEAFFFE88EC4305CC04FBD2" box="[255,338,1074,1093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: ‘Afrique Orient. 
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFEAFFFE89E24305CF75FBD3" box="[497,547,1074,1093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Angl.</collectingCountry>
/ Lesammise Rendile / 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE8AE74305CEECFBD3" box="[756,954,1074,1093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Maurice de Rothschild</collectorName>
<collectingDate id="EFAE8832FFEAFFFE8BD24305CEBAFBD3" box="[961,1004,1074,1093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">1906</collectingDate>
// TYPE’ (preserved in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEAFFFE88624351CFA8FAFC" blockId="1.[113,1090,1046,1387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE88624351CC77FBEC" bold="true" box="[113,289,1126,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Material examined</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE89234350CC28FBEC" box="[304,382,1127,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">94 spec.</specimenCount>
). 
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE899D4350C917FB03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661312" collectingDate="2009-06-22" collectingDateMax="2009-06-25" collectingDateMin="2009-06-22" collectionCode="DBET, JBCB" collectorName="V. Hula" country="Yemen" location="Dracena tree forest" municipality="Firmihin" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="23" stateProvince="SOCOTRA ISLAND">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE899D4350CFD3FBEC" bold="true" box="[398,645,1126,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFEAFFFE899D4350CCB7FBEC" box="[398,481,1127,1146]" name="Yemen" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">YEMEN</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="499099F8FFEAFFFE89FE4351CF28FBEF" box="[493,638,1126,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">SOCOTRA ISLAND</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FCD60FFEAFFFE8A9D4350CF8FFBEC" box="[654,729,1127,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Firmihin</collectingMunicipality>
plato, 
<location id="8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE8B0A435FCE92FBEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FDE60CFFEAFFF4894F44A6CE2FFAE2:8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE8B0A435FCE92FBEC" box="[793,964,1127,1147]" country="Yemen" municipality="Firmihin" name="Dracena tree forest" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" stateProvince="SOCOTRA ISLAND">Dracena tree forest</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6031DDFFEAFFFE8BDC4350CDA1FB03" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">12°28′465′′N 54°00′89830′′E</geoCoordinate>
, 
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<collectingDate id="EFAE8832FFEAFFFE891343B5CC29FB03" box="[256,383,1154,1173]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="2009-06-22" valueMax="2009-06-25" valueMin="2009-06-22">22.-25.vi.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE899B43B5CCCBFB03" box="[392,413,1154,1173]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">21</specimenCount>
spec. and 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE89EA43B5CF52FB03" box="[505,516,1154,1173]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">2</specimenCount>
larvae, 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE8A5A43B5CFDCFB03" box="[585,650,1154,1173]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">V. Hula</collectorName>
leg. (7 spec. and 2 larvae in 
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, rest in 
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE8C1243B5C96EFB03" box="[1025,1080,1154,1173]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">JBCB</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE886243AACDEFFB5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661304" collectingDate="2010-11-15" collectingDateMax="2010-11-16" collectingDateMin="2010-11-15" collectionCode="JBCB" collectorName="J. Bezdek" county="Dixam" elevation="490" latitude="12.476666" location="Dracaena forest" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="54.018333" municipality="Firmihin" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="28">
<collectingCounty id="628A2F96FFEAFFFE886243AACDFDFB26" box="[113,171,1181,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Dixam</collectingCounty>
plateau, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FCD60FFEAFFFE88E843AACC10FB26" box="[251,326,1181,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Firmihin</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE894243AACC8BFB26" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FDE60CFFEAFFF4894F44A6CE2FFAE2:8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE894243AACC8BFB26" box="[337,477,1181,1200]" country="SOCOTRA ISLAND" county="Dixam" latitude="12.476666" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="54.018333" municipality="Firmihin" name="Dracaena forest" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Dracaena forest</location>
), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6031DDFFEAFFFE89FF43AACF15FB26" box="[492,579,1180,1200]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="28.6" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" precision="92" value="12.476666">12°28.6′N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6031DDFFEAFFFE8A5943ABCFF7FB26" box="[586,673,1180,1200]" degrees="54" direction="east" minutes="01.1" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" precision="92" value="54.018333">54°01.1′E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFEAFFFE8AB943AACFB5FB26" box="[682,739,1181,1200]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="490.0">
<elevation id="0079B029FFEAFFFE8AB943AACFB5FB26" box="[682,739,1181,1200]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="490.0">490 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFEA71DAFFEAFFFE8AFF43ABCE3DFB39" box="[748,875,1180,1199]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="2010-11-15" valueMax="2010-11-16" valueMin="2010-11-15">
<collectingDate id="EFAE8832FFEAFFFE8AFF43ABCE3DFB39" box="[748,875,1180,1199]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="2010-11-15" valueMax="2010-11-16" valueMin="2010-11-15">15.-16.xi.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE8B6643AACEE9FB26" box="[885,959,1181,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">28 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE8BD443AAC94DFB26" box="[967,1051,1181,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">J. Bezděk</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE886B4380CDF9FB5C" box="[120,175,1207,1226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">JBCB</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE88AD438FCF00FB5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661306" box="[190,598,1207,1227]" collectingDate="2010-11-15" collectingDateMax="2010-11-16" collectingDateMin="2010-11-15" collectionCode="JBCB" collectorName="L. Purchart" county="Dixam" elevation="490" latitude="12.476666" location="Dracaena forest" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="54.018333" municipality="Firmihin" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="7">
same data, but 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE892D438FCCC8FB5C" box="[318,414,1207,1227]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">L. Purchart</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE89DE438FCF5CFB5D" box="[461,522,1208,1227]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">7 spec.</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE8A074380CF1DFB5C" box="[532,587,1207,1226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">JBCB</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE8A49438FCEB4FB5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661310" box="[602,994,1207,1227]" collectingDate="2010-11-15" collectingDateMax="2010-11-16" collectingDateMin="2010-11-15" collectionCode="NMPC" collectorName="J. Hajek" county="Dixam" elevation="490" latitude="12.476666" location="Dracaena forest" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="54.018333" municipality="Firmihin" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="8">
same data, but 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE8AC8438FCE77FB5C" box="[731,801,1207,1227]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">J. Hájek</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE8B434380CEDBFB5D" box="[848,909,1207,1227]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">8 spec.</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE8B844380CE8EFB5C" box="[919,984,1207,1226]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">NMPC</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE8BF4438FCCFBFB73" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661303" collectingDate="2010-11-15" collectingDateMax="2010-11-16" collectingDateMin="2010-11-15" collectionCode="JBCP" collectorName="J. Batelka" county="Dixam" elevation="490" latitude="12.476666" location="Dracaena forest" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="54.018333" municipality="Firmihin" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="3">
same data, but 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE888643E5CDBAFB73" box="[149,236,1234,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">J. Batelka</collectorName>
leg., 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE893243E5CC37FB73" box="[289,353,1234,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">3 spec.</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE897D43E5CCF5FB73" box="[366,419,1234,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">JBCP</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE89A643E5CF1DFA96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661305" collectingDate="2010-02-05" collectionCode="JBCB, LSCL" collectorName="L. Purchart &amp; J. Vybiral" elevation="885" latitude="12.523334" location="Diksam" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="53.974724" municipality="Diksam" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="30">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FCD60FFEAFFFE89A643E5CCAEFB73" box="[437,504,1234,1253]" country="SOCOTRA ISLAND" latitude="12.523334" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="53.974724" name="Diksam" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Diksam</collectingMunicipality>
plateau, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6031DDFFEAFFFE8A5843E5CFE7FB73" box="[587,689,1233,1253]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" precision="15" seconds="24" value="12.523334">12°31′24′′ N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6031DDFFEAFFFE8AAA43E5CE49FB73" box="[697,799,1233,1253]" degrees="53" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" precision="15" seconds="29" value="53.974724">53°58′29′′E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFEAFFFE8B3843E5CEDBFB73" box="[811,909,1234,1253]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="885.0" valueMax="920.0" valueMin="850.0">
<elevation id="0079B029FFEAFFFE8B3843E5CEDBFB73" box="[811,909,1234,1253]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="885.0" valueMax="920.0" valueMin="850.0">850-920 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFEA71DAFFEAFFFE8B8B43E5CEB0FB73" box="[920,998,1234,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="2010-02-05">
<collectingDate id="EFAE8832FFEAFFFE8B8B43E5CEB0FB73" box="[920,998,1234,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="2010-02-05">5.ii.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE8BE143E5C968FB73" box="[1010,1086,1234,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">20 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE886243DACD87FA96" box="[113,209,1261,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">L. Purchart</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE88F843DACC6AFA96" box="[235,316,1261,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">J. Vybíral</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE897843DACCF7FA96" box="[363,417,1261,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">JBCB</collectionCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE89BA43DACCA6FA96" box="[425,496,1261,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">10 spec.</specimenCount>
in 
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE8A1A43DACF17FA96" box="[521,577,1261,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">LSCL</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE8A5C43DACCF8FA8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661308" collectingDate="2010-06-12" collectionCode="V, JBCB" collectorName="Hula &amp; J. Niedobova" latitude="12.493067" location="Wadi Zirik" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="53.99125" municipality="Wadi Zirik" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="2">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FCD60FFEAFFFE8A5C43DACFFBFA96" box="[591,685,1261,1280]" country="SOCOTRA ISLAND" latitude="12.493067" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="53.99125" name="Wadi Zirik" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Wadi Zirik</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6031DDFFEAFFFE8AA643DBCE77FA96" box="[693,801,1260,1280]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="29.584" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" precision="1" value="12.493067">12°29.584′N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6031DDFFEAFFFE8B3443DBCEC5FA96" box="[807,915,1260,1280]" degrees="53" direction="east" minutes="59.475" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" precision="1" value="53.99125">53°59.475′E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFEA71DAFFEAFFFE8B8843DACEAEFA96" box="[923,1016,1261,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="2010-06-12">
<collectingDate id="EFAE8832FFEAFFFE8B8843DACEAEFA96" box="[923,1016,1261,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="2010-06-12">12.vi.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE8C1343DAC968FA96" box="[1024,1086,1261,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">2 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE8862423FCDD6FA8D" box="[113,128,1288,1307]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE889B4230CDE7FA8C" box="[136,177,1287,1306]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Hula</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE88DE423FCC6BFA8C" box="[205,317,1287,1307]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">J. Niedobová</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE897E4230CCF2FA8C" box="[365,420,1287,1306]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">JBCB</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE89A04230CC39FAA3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661307" collectingDate="2000-10-24" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="T. Van Harten" county="Noged" latitude="12.407222" location="Steroh" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="54.144447" municipality="Farmihin" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="628A2F96FFEAFFFE89A04230CCB8FA8C" box="[435,494,1287,1306]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Noged</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FCD60FFEAFFFE89E54230CF10FA8C" box="[502,582,1287,1306]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Farmihin</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE8A5C4230CFDFFA8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FDE60CFFEAFFF4894F44A6CE2FFAE2:8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE8A5C4230CFDFFA8C" box="[591,649,1287,1306]" country="SOCOTRA ISLAND" county="Noged" latitude="12.407222" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="54.144447" municipality="Farmihin" name="Steroh" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Steroh</location>
, 
<location id="8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE8A824230CF96FA8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FDE60CFFEAFFF4894F44A6CE2FFAE2:8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE8A824230CF96FA8C" box="[657,704,1287,1306]" country="SOCOTRA ISLAND" county="Noged" latitude="12.407222" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="54.144447" municipality="Farmihin" name="Wadi" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Wadi</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6031DDFFEAFFFE8AD44230CE7BFA8D" box="[711,813,1286,1307]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" precision="15" seconds="26" value="12.407222">12°24′26′′N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6031DDFFEAFFFE8B214230CECEFA8D" box="[818,920,1286,1307]" degrees="54" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" precision="15" seconds="40" value="54.144447">54°08′40′′E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFEA71DAFFEAFFFE8BB34230CEAEFA8C" box="[928,1016,1287,1306]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="2000-10-24">
<collectingDate id="EFAE8832FFEAFFFE8BB34230CEAEFA8C" box="[928,1016,1287,1306]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="2000-10-24">24.x.2000</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE8C134230C968FA8D" box="[1024,1086,1287,1307]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE88624215CDBAFAA3" box="[113,236,1314,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">T. Van Harten</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE89334215CC33FAA3" box="[288,357,1314,1333]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">NHMB</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE89664216CEAEFAA3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661313" box="[373,1016,1313,1333]" collectedFrom="on Lycium shawii" collectingDate="1998-04-07" collectionCode="DBET" country="Kenya" location="Elsamere" municipality="Elsamere" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="2">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE89664216CC9EFAA3" bold="true" box="[373,456,1313,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFEAFFFE89664216CC95FAA3" box="[373,451,1313,1333]" name="Kenya" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">KENYA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FCD60FFEAFFFE89DC4215CF77FAA3" box="[463,545,1314,1333]" country="Kenya" name="Elsamere" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Elsamere</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date id="FFEA71DAFFEAFFFE8A384215CF2AFAA3" box="[555,636,1314,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="1998-04-07">
<collectingDate id="EFAE8832FFEAFFFE8A384215CF2AFAA3" box="[555,636,1314,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="1998-04-07">7.iv.1998</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectedFrom id="384814E7FFEAFFFE8A944215CE77FAA3" box="[647,801,1314,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFEAFFFE8AB74214CE77FAA3" box="[676,801,1315,1333]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shawii">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE8AB74214CE77FAA3" box="[676,801,1315,1333]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Lycium shawii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE8B3D4215CE38FAA3" box="[814,878,1314,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">2 spec.</specimenCount>
, ABD (
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE8BA14215CEB8FAA3" box="[946,1006,1314,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">DBET</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE8BED4216C914FAC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661301" collectingDate="1976-04-17" collectingDateMax="1976-04-18" collectingDateMin="1976-04-17" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="Wittmer &amp; Buettiker" country="Saudi Arabia" elevation="2000" location="BAC Camp" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE8BED4216CD9BFAC6" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFEAFFFE8BED4216CD9EFAC6" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">SAUDI ARABIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE88C7420ACC6AFAC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FDE60CFFEAFFF4894F44A6CE2FFAE2:8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE88C7420ACC6AFAC6" box="[212,316,1341,1360]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="BAC Camp" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">BAC Camp</location>
, 
<location id="8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE8954420ACC88FAC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FDE60CFFEAFFF4894F44A6CE2FFAE2:8E8B01C1FFEAFFFE8954420ACC88FAC6" box="[327,478,1341,1360]" country="Saudi Arabia" municipality="Camp" name="Khamis Mushayt" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Khamis Mushayt</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFEAFFFE89FB420ACF7BFAC6" box="[488,557,1341,1360]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation id="0079B029FFEAFFFE89FB420ACF7BFAC6" box="[488,557,1341,1360]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFEA71DAFFEAFFFE8A2B420ACFE3FAC6" box="[568,693,1341,1360]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="1976-04-17" valueMax="1976-04-18" valueMin="1976-04-17">
<collectingDate id="EFAE8832FFEAFFFE8A2B420ACFE3FAC6" box="[568,693,1341,1360]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="1976-04-17" valueMax="1976-04-18" valueMin="1976-04-17">17.-18.iv.1976</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE8AD3420ACE56FAC6" box="[704,768,1341,1360]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE8B19420ACE06FAC6" box="[778,848,1341,1360]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Wittmer</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE8B7C420ACEE8FAC6" box="[879,958,1341,1360]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Buettiker</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE8BE0420AC96EFAC6" box="[1011,1080,1341,1360]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">NHMB</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C5D47FFEAFFFE88624261CFA8FAFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3447661302" box="[113,766,1366,1387]" collectingDate="1962-12-05" collectionCode="DBET" collectorName="Linnavuori" country="Sudan" location="Abend Pass" municipality="Abend Pass" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kassala">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE88624261CD94FAFC" bold="true" box="[113,194,1366,1386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFEAFFFE88624261CDE8FAFC" box="[113,190,1366,1386]" name="Sudan" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">SUDAN</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="499099F8FFEAFFFE88D44260CC5DFAFC" box="[199,267,1367,1386]" country="Sudan" name="Kassala" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Kassala</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FCD60FFEAFFFE89004260CC2FFAFD" box="[275,377,1367,1387]" country="Sudan" name="Abend Pass" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" stateProvince="Kassala">Abend Pass</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date id="FFEA71DAFFEAFFFE89914260CC8CFAFC" box="[386,474,1367,1386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="1962-12-05">
<collectingDate id="EFAE8832FFEAFFFE89914260CC8CFAFC" box="[386,474,1367,1386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" value="1962-12-05">5.xii.1962</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D529C93FFEAFFFE89F04260CF77FAFD" box="[483,545,1367,1387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<collectorName id="26A132CCFFEAFFFE8A3A4260CFDEFAFC" box="[553,648,1367,1386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Linnavuori</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED45CFDFFFEAFFFE8AAB4260CFA2FAFC" box="[696,756,1367,1386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">DBET</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E0491FFEAFFF6886242B5CFFEF9A5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEAFFFE886242B5C962FA4D" blockId="1.[113,1089,1410,1595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEAFFFE886242B5CC20FA0C" bold="true" box="[113,374,1410,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Redescription of imago.</emphasis>
Length: 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFEAFFFE89DC42B4CF1BFA0C" box="[463,589,1411,1435]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="4.1" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.4 mm</quantity>
, width: 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFEAFFFE8A8F42B4CE4CFA0C" box="[668,794,1411,1435]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="3.0999999999999996" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.3 mm</quantity>
, length of pronotum: 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFEAFFFE8BE042B4CDCBFA2C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 mm</quantity>
, width of pronotum: 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFEAFFFE89954294CF5DFA2C" box="[390,523,1443,1467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="2.5999999999999996" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.8 mm</quantity>
, length/width ratio: 1.31–1.35, width/length ratio of pronotum: 1.72–1.83. Body broadly oval, sides distinctly converging posterad (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEAFFFE8BD342F4C971FA4D" box="[960,1063,1475,1499]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[151,190,1553,1572]" captionTargetBox="[190,1086,233,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-12@2.[168,1110,213,1521]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–6. Cassida rothschildi Spaeth, 1922. 1, 2 – habitus dorsal; 3 – habitus lateral; 4 – head and prosternum; 5 – antenna; 6 – tarsal claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339547/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEAFFFC888342D4CE22FEA3" blockId="1.[113,1089,1410,1595]" lastBlockId="3.[113,1090,221,1237]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">
Dorsum yellow (in fresh specimens green), basal impression of elytra and suture usually marked with reddish to brown spots. In palest specimens sides of basal impressions and close to scutellum, apex of disc, and suture in posterior half with few small, reddish spots (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEAFFFE8BE04114C962F9AD" box="[1011,1076,1571,1595]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[151,190,1553,1572]" captionTargetBox="[190,1086,233,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-12@2.[168,1110,213,1521]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–6. Cassida rothschildi Spaeth, 1922. 1, 2 – habitus dorsal; 3 – habitus lateral; 4 – head and prosternum; 5 – antenna; 6 – tarsal claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339547/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="382">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). In darkest specimens almost whole basal impression and along suture with irregular, dark brown spots, often margined with red (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFE8FFFC8A1647CACF14FE83" box="[517,578,253,277]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[151,190,1553,1572]" captionTargetBox="[190,1086,233,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-12@2.[168,1110,213,1521]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–6. Cassida rothschildi Spaeth, 1922. 1, 2 – habitus dorsal; 3 – habitus lateral; 4 – head and prosternum; 5 – antenna; 6 – tarsal claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339547/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Between palest and darkest form all intermediate forms were observed. Ventrites, legs and antennae uniformly yellow.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2B0792FFE9FFFD88844126CC20F9A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339547/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" startId="2.[151,190,1553,1572]" targetBox="[190,1086,233,1511]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE9FFFD88844126CC20F9A9" blockId="2.[151,1127,1553,1599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
Figs. 1–6. 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE9FFFD88E14125CF47F9B2" authority="Spaeth, 1922" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[242,529,1553,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE9FFFD88E14125CCCFF9B2" box="[242,409,1554,1572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Cassida rothschildi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE9FFFD898C4126CF47F9B2" author="SPAETH F." box="[415,529,1553,1572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" refId="ref4874" refString="SPAETH F. 1922: Chrysomelides, Cassidines. Pp. 997 - 1004. In: Voyage de M. Le Baron Maurice de Rotschild en Ethiopie et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise (1904 - 1905). Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1015 pp." type="book" year="1922">Spaeth, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 1, 2 – habitus dorsal; 3 – habitus lateral; 4 – head and prosternum; 5 – antenna; 6 – tarsal claw.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE8FFFC8883460ACF22FE42" blockId="3.[113,1090,221,1237]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Pronotum ellipsoidal, with subangulate sides, no basal corners, widest approximately in middle. Disc indistinctly bordered from explanate margin, moderately convex, with small but dense punctation, distance between punctures smaller than puncture diameter, interspaces shiny. Explanate margin with dense but very shallow punctation, appears rather irregular than punctate, transparent with honeycomb structure.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE8FFFC888346EACFF7FCA2" blockId="3.[113,1090,221,1237]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
Scutellum triangular, impunctate, without transverse sulci. Base of elytra only slightly wider than pronotum, humeral angles distinctly protruding anteriad, angulate. Disc strongly convex, subangulate in profile (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFE8FFFC89AE452ACCAAFDA3" box="[445,508,541,565]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[151,190,1553,1572]" captionTargetBox="[190,1086,233,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-12@2.[168,1110,213,1521]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–6. Cassida rothschildi Spaeth, 1922. 1, 2 – habitus dorsal; 3 – habitus lateral; 4 – head and prosternum; 5 – antenna; 6 – tarsal claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339547/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Postscutellar impression well marked, lateral impressions not present. Punctation arranged in regular rows, only postscutellar impression with partly irregular punctures. Rows not impressed, punctures moderately coarse, distance between punctures mostly wider than puncture diameter. Marginal row distinct, its punctures not coarser than punctures in lateral rows. Intervals flat, 1.5–2.0 times wider than rows, surface microreticulate but shiny. Marginal interval distinct, in anterior half twice wider than lateral intervals, without transverse folds. Explanate margins strongly declivous, in widest part approximately twice narrower than each elytron, their surface sparsely irregularly punctate, punctures approximately twice smaller than in rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE8FFFC8883440ACF7DFB83" blockId="3.[113,1090,221,1237]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
Eyes large, gena almost obsolete. Clypeus broad, approximately 1.4 times as wide as long. Clypeal lines distinct, running close to margin of eyes and converging in obtuse triangle. Surface of clypeal plate flat, shiny, with several small, setose punctures. Labrum without median emargination (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFE8FFFC897544AACCFFFC23" box="[358,425,925,949]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[151,190,1553,1572]" captionTargetBox="[190,1086,233,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-12@2.[168,1110,213,1521]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–6. Cassida rothschildi Spaeth, 1922. 1, 2 – habitus dorsal; 3 – habitus lateral; 4 – head and prosternum; 5 – antenna; 6 – tarsal claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339547/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Antennae stout, antennomeres IX and X approximately 1.2 times as wide as long, length ratio of antennomeres: 100:65:72:43:57:50:52:57:64:66:118, antennomere II slightly shorter than antennomere III, antennomere III approximately 1.6 times as long as antennomere IV (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFE8FFFC89CF44CACF4BFB83" box="[476,541,1021,1045]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[151,190,1553,1572]" captionTargetBox="[190,1086,233,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-12@2.[168,1110,213,1521]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–6. Cassida rothschildi Spaeth, 1922. 1, 2 – habitus dorsal; 3 – habitus lateral; 4 – head and prosternum; 5 – antenna; 6 – tarsal claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339547/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE8FFFC8883432ACE69FB03" blockId="3.[113,1090,221,1237]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
Prosternal collar very short, forms narrow transparent margin. Prosternal process in middle slightly narrower than mid coxa, strongly expanded apically, rhomboidal apex twice wider than intercoxal space. Area between coxae flat or shallowly impressed, without special sculpture, shiny; rhomboidal apex flat or slightly convex, impunctate (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFE8FFFC8AE3434ACE64FB03" box="[752,818,1149,1173]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[151,190,1553,1572]" captionTargetBox="[190,1086,233,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-12@2.[168,1110,213,1521]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–6. Cassida rothschildi Spaeth, 1922. 1, 2 – habitus dorsal; 3 – habitus lateral; 4 – head and prosternum; 5 – antenna; 6 – tarsal claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339547/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE8FFFC888343AACE5AFB43" blockId="3.[113,1090,221,1237]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
Legs stout, tarsi moderately elongate, claws segment not extending behind marginal setae. Claws simple, on inner side with distinct micropecten (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFE8FFFC8AAE438ACFA9FB43" box="[701,767,1213,1237]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[151,190,1553,1572]" captionTargetBox="[190,1086,233,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-12@2.[168,1110,213,1521]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–6. Cassida rothschildi Spaeth, 1922. 1, 2 – habitus dorsal; 3 – habitus lateral; 4 – head and prosternum; 5 – antenna; 6 – tarsal claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339547/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE8FFFC886243DBCEB6FAF5" blockId="3.[113,1089,1260,1572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE8FFFC886243DBCCECFA92" bold="true" box="[113,442,1260,1284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
Measurements (n = 2). Length without head, from anterior border of pronotum to base of supra-anal processes: 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE8FFFC8AA2423BCE07FAB5" box="[689,849,1292,1316]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.199999999999999" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" unit="mm" value="4.199999999999999" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="4.1">4.10–4.30 mm</quantity>
; width of metathorax, without lateral scoli: 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE8FFFC895D421BCCBCFAD5" box="[334,490,1324,1348]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" unit="mm" value="2.025" valueMax="2.15" valueMin="1.9">1.90–2.15 mm</quantity>
. Length of supra-anal processes, from base on abdominal segment IX to the top of processes: 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE8FFFC89E3427BCFD9FAF5" box="[496,655,1356,1380]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" unit="mm" value="1.625" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.55">1.55–1.70 mm</quantity>
. Width of head: 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE8FFFC8B2D427BCE8AFAF5" box="[830,988,1356,1380]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" unit="mm" value="0.77" valueMax="0.78" valueMin="0.76">0.76–0.78 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE8FFFC8883425BCF36FA55" blockId="3.[113,1089,1260,1572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
Body elongate-oval, widest across meso- and metathorax, narrowed posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFE8FFFC8C18425BCDCBFA32" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[151,190,1525,1544]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[151,1127,219,1503]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 7 – dorsal aspect; 8 – ventral aspect; 9 – larva with previous larval skin, dorsal aspect; 10 – larva with previous larval skin, lateral aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339549/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Figs. 7–9</figureCitation>
). Anterior part of body convex (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFE8FFFC89E042BBCF15FA32" box="[499,579,1420,1444]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[151,190,1525,1544]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[151,1127,219,1503]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 7 – dorsal aspect; 8 – ventral aspect; 9 – larva with previous larval skin, dorsal aspect; 10 – larva with previous larval skin, lateral aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339549/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Body of larvae preserved in alcohol yellowish with brown basal half of supra-anal processes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE8FFF9888342FBCCD9FEC0" blockId="3.[113,1089,1260,1572]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="387" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
Body with 16 pairs of lateral scoli and a single pair of supra-anal processes (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFE8FFFC8BD842FBC965FA72" box="[971,1075,1484,1508]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[151,190,1525,1544]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[151,1127,219,1503]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 7 – dorsal aspect; 8 – ventral aspect; 9 – larva with previous larval skin, dorsal aspect; 10 – larva with previous larval skin, lateral aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339549/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Figs. 7, 8</figureCitation>
). Lateral scoli short, stout, conical, approximately same size. All scoli covered with numerous cauliflower-shaped sensilla (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFE8FFFC89B3413BCF77F9B2" box="[416,545,1548,1572]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[113,152,1324,1343]" captionTargetBox="[155,1044,217,1295]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[144,1057,210,1313]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 17–21. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 17 – first two lateral scoli; 18 – third lateral scolus; 19 – leg; 20 – head frontal side; 21 – head temporal side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339558/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Figs. 17, 18</figureCitation>
). Scoli of thorax with short, stout lateral processes, each armed apically with cauliflower-shaped sensillum, scoli of abdomen simple without lateral processes. Scoli of first two pairs placed very close to each other (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98BBE47C9CEABFE80" box="[941,1021,254,278]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[113,152,1324,1343]" captionTargetBox="[155,1044,217,1295]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[144,1057,210,1313]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 17–21. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 17 – first two lateral scoli; 18 – third lateral scolus; 19 – leg; 20 – head frontal side; 21 – head temporal side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Scoli of thorax directed anteriorly, of abdomen posteriorly. Supra-anal processes long, approximately as long as half of body.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2B0792FFEFFFFB888442C2CE22F9B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339549/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" startId="4.[151,190,1525,1544]" targetBox="[151,1126,219,1503]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEFFFFB888442C2CE22F9B5" blockId="4.[151,1124,1525,1571]" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">
Figs. 7–10. 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFEFFFFB891342C1CF4EF99E" authority="Spaeth, 1922" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[256,536,1525,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEFFFFB891342C1CCCBF99E" box="[256,413,1526,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Cassida rotschildi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFEFFFFB89B742C2CF4EF99E" author="SPAETH F." box="[420,536,1525,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" refId="ref4874" refString="SPAETH F. 1922: Chrysomelides, Cassidines. Pp. 997 - 1004. In: Voyage de M. Le Baron Maurice de Rotschild en Ethiopie et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise (1904 - 1905). Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1015 pp." type="book" year="1922">Spaeth, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, mature larva. 7 – dorsal aspect; 8 – ventral aspect; 9 – larva with previous larval skin, dorsal aspect; 10 – larva with previous larval skin, lateral aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2B0792FFEEFFFA8862412DCEDEF9BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339551" box="[113,904,1562,1581]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339551/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" startId="5.[113,152,1562,1581]" targetBox="[113,1088,222,1502]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEEFFFA8862412DCEDEF9BB" blockId="5.[113,904,1562,1581]" box="[113,904,1562,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
Figs. 11–12. 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFEEFFFA88F3412CCCA4F9BB" authority="Spaeth, 1922" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[224,498,1562,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFEEFFFA88F3412CCC2DF9BB" box="[224,379,1563,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Cassida rotschildi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFEEFFFA8993412DCCA4F9BB" author="SPAETH F." box="[384,498,1562,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" refId="ref4874" refString="SPAETH F. 1922: Chrysomelides, Cassidines. Pp. 997 - 1004. In: Voyage de M. Le Baron Maurice de Rotschild en Ethiopie et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise (1904 - 1905). Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1015 pp." type="book" year="1922">Spaeth, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, mature larva, cauliflower-like sensilla of head.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEDFFF988A64669CFEFFE60" blockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
Dorsal and ventral side of the body distinctly granulate (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98B364669CEFCFEE0" box="[805,938,350,374]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="7.[114,153,1171,1190]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,190,1329,1348]" captionTargetBox-0="[130,1069,211,1139]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1113,223,1294]" captionTargetId-0="figure-16@7.[113,1088,195,1148]" captionTargetId-1="figure-11@8.[151,1126,219,1304]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="Figs. 13–14. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 13 – pronotum; 14 – sixth and seventh abdominal tergites." captionText-1="Figs. 15–16. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 15 – metasternum and first three abdominal sternites; 16 – sixth and seventh abdominal sternites." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339553" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339555" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5339553/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5339555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Figs. 13–16</figureCitation>
). Minute setae at anterior border of each tergites and sternites. Tergites covered with cauliflower-shaped sensilla (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF9888C46A9CC75FE20" box="[159,291,414,438]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="7.[114,153,1171,1190]" captionTargetBox="[130,1069,211,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[113,1088,195,1148]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs. 13–14. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 13 – pronotum; 14 – sixth and seventh abdominal tergites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339553/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Figs. 13, 14</figureCitation>
). Pro-, meso- and metasternum and first two abdominal sternites with pointed setae medially and cauliflower-shaped sensilla laterally (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98B184689CE08FE40" box="[779,862,446,470]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[151,190,1329,1348]" captionTargetBox="[160,1113,223,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[151,1126,219,1304]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 15–16. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 15 – metasternum and first three abdominal sternites; 16 – sixth and seventh abdominal sternites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Remaining abdominal sternites with cauliflower-shaped sensilla (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98A4F46E9CFFAFE60" box="[604,684,478,502]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[151,190,1329,1348]" captionTargetBox="[160,1113,223,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[151,1126,219,1304]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 15–16. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 15 – metasternum and first three abdominal sternites; 16 – sixth and seventh abdominal sternites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEDFFF988A646C8C937FDC0" blockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
Pronotum with numerous cauliflower-shaped sensilla distributed regularly (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98BD346C9C95AFD80" box="[960,1036,510,534]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="7.[114,153,1171,1190]" captionTargetBox="[130,1069,211,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[113,1088,195,1148]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs. 13–14. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 13 – pronotum; 14 – sixth and seventh abdominal tergites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339553/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Meso-, metanotum and abdominal tergites with two irregular rows of numerous cauliflower-shaped sensilla running across segment and two minute setae at anterior border medially (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98C164509C902FDC0" box="[1029,1108,574,598]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="7.[114,153,1171,1190]" captionTargetBox="[130,1069,211,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[113,1088,195,1148]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs. 13–14. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 13 – pronotum; 14 – sixth and seventh abdominal tergites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339553/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEDFFF988A64568CF4BFC80" blockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
Two minute setae at anterior border of pro-, meso- and metasternum. Pro-, meso- and metasternum also with two groups of around four setae antero-medially and pair of setae postero-medially (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF9894F45A9CCFAFD20" box="[348,428,670,694]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[151,190,1329,1348]" captionTargetBox="[160,1113,223,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[151,1126,219,1304]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 15–16. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 15 – metasternum and first three abdominal sternites; 16 – sixth and seventh abdominal sternites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Two minute setae at anterior border of each abdominal sternite (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF9888C4589CDA7FD40" box="[159,241,702,726]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[151,190,1329,1348]" captionTargetBox="[160,1113,223,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[151,1126,219,1304]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 15–16. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 15 – metasternum and first three abdominal sternites; 16 – sixth and seventh abdominal sternites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). First two abdominal sternites with numerous setae medially and numerous cauliflower-shaped sensilla laterally. Abdominal sternites III-VIII with numerous cauliflowershaped sensilla distributed regularly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEDFFF988A64429CFFAFCA1" blockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" box="[181,684,798,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Anal turret distinctly consists of two segments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEDFFF988A64409C914FCE0" blockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Nine pairs of distinctly elevated spiracles: one on thorax and eight on abdomen. Diameter of spiracles slightly decreasing posterad, spiracles of abdominal segment eight smallest.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEDFFF988A64449CEA6FC60" blockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
Head well sclerotised, hypognathous, retracted into pronotum (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98B584449CEEBFC00" box="[843,957,894,918]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[151,190,1525,1544]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-12@4.[151,1127,219,1503]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 7–10. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 7 – dorsal aspect; 8 – ventral aspect; 9 – larva with previous larval skin, dorsal aspect; 10 – larva with previous larval skin, lateral aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339549/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Figs. 8, 10</figureCitation>
). Median suture complete, connected with fronto-clypeal suture (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98AB244A9CE73FC20" box="[673,805,926,950]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[113,152,1324,1343]" captionTargetBox="[155,1044,217,1295]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[144,1057,210,1313]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 17–21. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 17 – first two lateral scoli; 18 – third lateral scolus; 19 – leg; 20 – head frontal side; 21 – head temporal side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Figs. 20, 21</figureCitation>
). Clypeus distinct, wider than long, with one seta and one campaniform sensilla on each lateral side (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98B9A4489CE8FFC40" box="[905,985,958,982]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[113,152,1324,1343]" captionTargetBox="[155,1044,217,1295]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[144,1057,210,1313]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 17–21. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 17 – first two lateral scoli; 18 – third lateral scolus; 19 – leg; 20 – head frontal side; 21 – head temporal side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). Frontal and epicranial suture absent, fronto-clypeal and clypeo-labral suture well developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEDFFF988A644C9CF78FB80" blockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" box="[181,558,1022,1046]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Six stemmata on each side of head.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEDFFF988A64329CFB3FB20" blockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
Frontal side of head with four small, vertical, pointed setae (V 1–4); five frontal rows of cauliflower-shaped sensilla (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF989D44309CF69FBC0" box="[455,575,1086,1110]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[113,152,1562,1581]" captionTargetBox="[113,1088,222,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[113,1088,222,1502]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 11–12. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva, cauliflower-like sensilla of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339551/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Figs 11, 12</figureCitation>
) and setae: row Fa with three sensilla, Fb with four sensilla, Fc with three sensilla, Fd with single sensillum, Fe with two sensilla; and three campaniform sensilla above sensilla Fc1 and Fe1 (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98AA14349CE54FB00" box="[690,770,1150,1174]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[113,152,1324,1343]" captionTargetBox="[155,1044,217,1295]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[144,1057,210,1313]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 17–21. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 17 – first two lateral scoli; 18 – third lateral scolus; 19 – leg; 20 – head frontal side; 21 – head temporal side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). Temporal side of head with two setae (T 2, T3) and two campaniform sensilla (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98A9A43A9CF8FFB20" box="[649,729,1182,1206]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[113,152,1324,1343]" captionTargetBox="[155,1044,217,1295]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[144,1057,210,1313]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 17–21. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 17 – first two lateral scoli; 18 – third lateral scolus; 19 – leg; 20 – head frontal side; 21 – head temporal side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEDFFF988A64389C978FA80" blockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
Antennae dimerous, set in membranous ring (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98AB04389CFA2FB40" box="[675,756,1214,1238]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,190,1222,1241]" captionTargetBox="[220,1053,227,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-114@10.[215,1063,217,1204]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs. 22–27. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 22 – labrum dorsally; 23 – labrum, epipharyngeal area; 24, 25 – mandibles; 26 – antenna; 27 – maxillae and labium ventrally. Abbreviations: ds – digitiform sensillum; hyp – hypopharynx; lp – labial palp; mal – mala; mp – maxillary palp; post – postmentum; pp – palpiger; pre – prementum; st – stipes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339560/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). Antennomere I transverse, wider than antennomere II. Antennomere II stout, longer than wide, with small seta and a group of three peg-like sensilla at the apex: one prominent (sensory appendix) and two smaller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEDFFF988A64229CCCFFA40" blockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
Labrum wider than long, anterior margin not emarginate (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98B374229CEFEFAA0" box="[804,936,1310,1334]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,190,1222,1241]" captionTargetBox="[220,1053,227,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-114@10.[215,1063,217,1204]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs. 22–27. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 22 – labrum dorsally; 23 – labrum, epipharyngeal area; 24, 25 – mandibles; 26 – antenna; 27 – maxillae and labium ventrally. Abbreviations: ds – digitiform sensillum; hyp – hypopharynx; lp – labial palp; mal – mala; mp – maxillary palp; post – postmentum; pp – palpiger; pre – prementum; st – stipes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339560/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Figs. 22, 23</figureCitation>
). Anterior margin with six stout setae medially and two short setae on each side. Dorsally: four long setae placed in the middle in one row running across width, two setae close to anterior margin, and two pairs of campaniform sensilla medially. Mid part of ventral surface (epipharyngeal area) with pair of small setae, and two pairs of campaniform sensilla. Numerous small spines medially and on each lateral side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFEDFFF988A642E9CD94F9A0" blockId="6.[151,1127,222,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
Mandibles heavily sclerotised, palmate, with five apical teeth in one row and one tooth slightly moved back. Two setae and two campaniform sensilla at base dorsally (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFEDFFF98C1442C9CDE3F9A0" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,190,1222,1241]" captionTargetBox="[220,1053,227,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-114@10.[215,1063,217,1204]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs. 22–27. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 22 – labrum dorsally; 23 – labrum, epipharyngeal area; 24, 25 – mandibles; 26 – antenna; 27 – maxillae and labium ventrally. Abbreviations: ds – digitiform sensillum; hyp – hypopharynx; lp – labial palp; mal – mala; mp – maxillary palp; post – postmentum; pp – palpiger; pre – prementum; st – stipes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339560/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Figs. 24, 25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2B0792FFECFFF8886143A4CDE1FB57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339553" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339553/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" startId="7.[114,153,1171,1190]" targetBox="[130,1069,211,1139]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFECFFF8886143A4CDE1FB57" blockId="7.[114,1089,1171,1217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">
Figs. 13–14. 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFECFFF888F543A3CF56FB30" authority="Spaeth, 1922" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[230,512,1171,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFECFFF888F543A3CCD2FB30" box="[230,388,1172,1190]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">Cassida rotschildi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFECFFF8899F43A4CF56FB30" author="SPAETH F." box="[396,512,1171,1190]" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" refId="ref4874" refString="SPAETH F. 1922: Chrysomelides, Cassidines. Pp. 997 - 1004. In: Voyage de M. Le Baron Maurice de Rotschild en Ethiopie et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise (1904 - 1905). Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1015 pp." type="book" year="1922">Spaeth, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, mature larva. 13 – pronotum; 14 – sixth and seventh abdominal tergites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFECFFF8888343CECC0AF9A7" blockId="7.[113,1089,1273,1586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">
Maxillae and labium connate (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFECFFF889C043CECF75FA84" box="[467,547,1273,1298]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,190,1222,1241]" captionTargetBox="[220,1053,227,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-114@10.[215,1063,217,1204]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs. 22–27. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 22 – labrum dorsally; 23 – labrum, epipharyngeal area; 24, 25 – mandibles; 26 – antenna; 27 – maxillae and labium ventrally. Abbreviations: ds – digitiform sensillum; hyp – hypopharynx; lp – labial palp; mal – mala; mp – maxillary palp; post – postmentum; pp – palpiger; pre – prementum; st – stipes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339560/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Each stipes (st) with two long setae. Palpifer (pp) with two setae and two campaniform sensilla ventrally and with numerous spines dorsally. Mala (mal) not distinctly bordered from palpifer, bearing six long pointed setae, one long blunt seta, and one short blunt seta (or peg like sensilla?). Maxillary palp one-segmented with three pointed setae, one blunt seta (digitiform sensillum – ds), two campaniform sensilla on sides, and a group of twelve small peg-like sensilla at the apex. Labial palp (lp) one-segmented with group of nine small peg-like sensilla at apex and one campaniform sensillum below apex. Hypopharynx (hyp) covered with numerous spines, and with four campaniform sensilla at base. Prementum (pre) with two long setae and four campaniform sensilla. Postmentum (post) with four setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2B0792FFE3FFF788844206CF5FFAC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339555/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" startId="8.[151,190,1329,1348]" targetBox="[160,1113,223,1294]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE3FFF788844206CF5FFAC8" blockId="8.[151,1127,1329,1375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
Figs. 15–16. 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE3FFF7891B4205CF4AFAD2" authority="Spaeth, 1922" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[264,540,1329,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE3FFF7891B4205CCF2FAD2" box="[264,420,1330,1348]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Cassida rotschildi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE3FFF789B94206CF4AFAD2" author="SPAETH F." box="[426,540,1329,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" refId="ref4874" refString="SPAETH F. 1922: Chrysomelides, Cassidines. Pp. 997 - 1004. In: Voyage de M. Le Baron Maurice de Rotschild en Ethiopie et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise (1904 - 1905). Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1015 pp." type="book" year="1922">Spaeth, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, mature larva. 15 – metasternum and first three abdominal sternites; 16 – sixth and seventh abdominal sternites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE3FFF688A042ADCFFEF9A5" blockId="8.[149,1124,1433,1585]" lastBlockId="9.[113,1089,1435,1587]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
Legs stout, consist of three segments: coxa, femur and tibiotarsus (
<figureCitation id="136F4B9FFFE3FFF78B7442AECEE2FA24" box="[871,948,1433,1458]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[113,152,1324,1343]" captionTargetBox="[155,1044,217,1295]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[144,1057,210,1313]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 17–21. Cassida rotschildi Spaeth, 1922, mature larva. 17 – first two lateral scoli; 18 – third lateral scolus; 19 – leg; 20 – head frontal side; 21 – head temporal side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Internal side of coxa with setae arranged in three groups: first group with two short setae (placed close to border between coxa and body); second with three short setae; third with three short setae, and with one elongate and one short cauliflower-shaped sensillum. Femur with eleven moderately long pointed or blunt setae and one short pointed seta placed dorsally close to the base. Basally on internal side of femur a group of five campaniform sensilla and one short pointed seta; at base ventrally one campaniform sensillum. Tibiotarsus apically with heavily sclerotised, curved, single and simple claw armed basally with a pointed seta. Claw and pointed seta surrounded by a complex of six long pointed setae. Tibiotarsus also with three long setae dorsally and two campaniform sensilla and small seta above claw.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2B0792FFE2FFF68862421BCF6BFACC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339558" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339558/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" startId="9.[113,152,1324,1343]" targetBox="[155,1044,217,1295]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE2FFF68862421BCF6BFACC" blockId="9.[113,1088,1324,1370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
Figs. 17–21. 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE2FFF688F2421ACCA5FAA9" authority="Spaeth, 1922" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[225,499,1324,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE2FFF688F2421ACC2AFAA9" box="[225,380,1325,1343]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Cassida rotschildi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE2FFF68991421BCCA5FAA9" author="SPAETH F." box="[386,499,1324,1343]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" refId="ref4874" refString="SPAETH F. 1922: Chrysomelides, Cassidines. Pp. 997 - 1004. In: Voyage de M. Le Baron Maurice de Rotschild en Ethiopie et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise (1904 - 1905). Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1015 pp." type="book" year="1922">Spaeth, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, mature larva. 17 – first two lateral scoli; 18 – third lateral scolus; 19 – leg; 20 – head frontal side; 21 – head temporal side.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2B0792FFE1FFF5888443F1CC15FABF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339560/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" startId="10.[151,190,1222,1241]" targetBox="[220,1053,227,1197]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE1FFF5888443F1CC15FABF" blockId="10.[151,1127,1222,1321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">
Figs. 22–27. 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE1FFF5891543F0CF41FB4F" authority="Spaeth, 1922" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[262,535,1222,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF5891543F0CCF6FB4F" box="[262,416,1223,1241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Cassida rotschildi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE1FFF589B643F1CF41FB4F" author="SPAETH F." box="[421,535,1222,1241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" refId="ref4874" refString="SPAETH F. 1922: Chrysomelides, Cassidines. Pp. 997 - 1004. In: Voyage de M. Le Baron Maurice de Rotschild en Ethiopie et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise (1904 - 1905). Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1015 pp." type="book" year="1922">Spaeth, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, mature larva. 22 – labrum dorsally; 23 – labrum, epipharyngeal area; 24, 25 – mandibles; 26 – antenna; 27 – maxillae and labium ventrally. Abbreviations: ds – digitiform sensillum; hyp – hypopharynx; lp – labial palp; mal – mala; mp – maxillary palp; post – postmentum; pp – palpiger; pre – prementum; st – stipes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34E0491FFE1FFF48884424BCFCCFE02" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE1FFF48884424BCFCCFE02" blockId="10.[151,1127,1404,1589]" lastBlockId="11.[113,1089,219,1396]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF58884424BCC3FFA03" bold="true" box="[151,361,1404,1429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Diagnosis of larva.</emphasis>
Mature larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE1FFF58A0B4249CFCAFA03" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[536,668,1406,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF58A0B4249CFCAFA03" box="[536,668,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">C. rotschildi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in general body shape very similar to the larva of another 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE1FFF5895042A9CF14FA22" authority="Reitter, 1926" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1926" box="[323,578,1436,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Tylocentra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF5895042A9CCE3FA23" box="[323,437,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Tylocentra</emphasis>
Reitter, 1926
</taxonomicName>
species – 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE1FFF58ABE42A9CE8DFA23" authority="(Weise, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Weise" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[685,987,1436,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcmenica">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF58ABE42A9CE14FA23" box="[685,834,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">C. turcmenica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE1FFF58B5D42ABCE82FA23" author="WEISE J." box="[846,980,1436,1461]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" pagination="238 - 239" refId="ref5055" refString="WEISE J. 1892: Zwei neue Cassida-Arten. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 11: 238 - 239." type="journal article" year="1892">Weise, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE1FFF58884428ACCE8FA42" author="MEDVEDEV L. N. &amp; MATYS E. G." box="[151,446,1468,1493]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" pagination="137 - 143" refId="ref4700" refString="MEDVEDEV L. N. &amp; MATYS E. G. 1975: Neue palearktische Schildkaferlarven der Gattung Cassida L. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (Neue Folge) 22: 137 - 143." type="journal article" year="1975">MEDVEDEV &amp; MATYS (1975)</bibRefCitation>
. The description is superficial and we found only one distinctive character: body length. Mature larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE1FFF58A2242E9CF93FA63" baseAuthorityName="Weise" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[561,709,1502,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcmenica">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF58A2242E9CF93FA63" box="[561,709,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">C. turcmenica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is approximately 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE1FFF58B6D42EBCEEFFA62" box="[894,953,1500,1524]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long while larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE1FFF588A642C9CC6CF983" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[181,314,1533,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF588A642C9CD91F983" box="[181,199,1534,1557]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF588C642C9CC6CF983" box="[213,314,1534,1557]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">rotschildi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at most 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE1FFF5898A42CACCB8F982" box="[409,494,1533,1557]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
, and it is correlated with body length of imagines: 5.0– 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE1FFF58C5542CBCD96F9A2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE1FFF588F04129CC2FF9A3" baseAuthorityName="Weise" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[227,377,1565,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcmenica">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF588F04129CDA3F9A3" box="[227,245,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF589114129CC2FF9A3" box="[258,377,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">turcmenica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE1FFF58994412ACF51F9A2" box="[391,519,1565,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="4.1" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.4 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE1FFF58A3A4129CFF8F9A3" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[553,686,1565,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF58A3A4129CF6DF9A3" box="[553,571,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE1FFF58A5A4129CFF8F9A3" box="[585,686,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">rotschildi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both larvae differ from the typical larva of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF488E547EACC1AFF62" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[246,332,221,244]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF488E547EACC1AFF62" box="[246,332,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Cassida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in very short and simple scoli and convex anterior part of body (ŚWIĘTOJAŃSKA 2009). In these characters 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF489CE47CACF19FE82" box="[477,591,253,276]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tylocentra">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF489CE47CACF19FE82" box="[477,591,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Tylocentra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is at first glance similar to larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48BCE47CACC6FFEA2" authority="Desbrochers, 1884" authorityName="Desbrochers" authorityYear="1884" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Oxylepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48BCE47CAC916FE82" box="[989,1088,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Oxylepus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF48862462BCC6FFEA2" author="DESBROCHERS J." box="[113,313,284,308]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="168 - 171" refId="ref4575" refString="DESBROCHERS J. 1884: Diagnoses de coleopteres nouveaux Algeriens. Bulletin de la Academie d'Hippone 19: 168 - 171." type="journal article" year="1884">Desbrochers, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF4897D462ACF20FEA2" authority="Weise, 1891" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1891" box="[366,630,284,308]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ischyronota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF4897D462ACCBAFEA2" box="[366,492,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Ischyronota</emphasis>
Weise, 1891
</taxonomicName>
but 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48AB5462ACE2FFEA2" box="[678,889,284,308]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ischyronota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48AB5462ACE72FEA2" box="[678,804,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Ischyronota</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
distinctly differ in completely lacking thoracic and more or less reduced abdominal scoli, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48BB3460AC955FEC2" authorityName="Desbrochers" authorityYear="1884" box="[928,1027,317,340]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Oxylepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48BB3460AC955FEC2" box="[928,1027,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Oxylepus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larva differs in short supra-anal processes. In our opinion, the similarity is an effect of evolutionary parallelism correlated with feeding on saline plants.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E0491FFE0FFF4886246ABCE89FE62" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE0FFF4886246ABCE89FE62" blockId="11.[113,1089,219,1396]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF4886246ABCDBAFE22" bold="true" box="[113,236,412,436]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Host plant.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF488E346ABCC3CFE22" box="[240,362,412,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF4896246AACFB2FE22" authority="Wagn. &amp; Vierh." authorityName="Wagn. &amp; Vierh." box="[369,740,412,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="socotranum">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF4896246AACF68FE22" box="[369,574,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Lycium socotranum</emphasis>
Wagn. &amp; Vierh.
</taxonomicName>
(all specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFE0FFF48BAA46ABC95FFE22" box="[953,1033,412,436]" name="Yemen" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Socotra</collectingCountry>
were beated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF488E4468ACCD9FE42" box="[247,399,445,468]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="socotranum">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF488E4468ACCD9FE42" box="[247,399,445,468]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">L. socotranum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– V. Hula, J. Bezděk &amp; L. Purchart 2010 observ.), 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48BBA468ACC76FE62" authority="Roem. et Schult." authorityName="Roem. et Schult." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shawii">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48BBA468AC916FE42" box="[937,1088,445,468]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Lycium shawii</emphasis>
Roem. et Schult.
</taxonomicName>
(based on label data from specimen collected in 
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFE0FFF48B0F46EBCE32FE62" box="[796,868,476,500]" name="Kenya" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Kenya</collectingCountry>
: Elsamere).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E0491FFE0FFF4886246CCCE2FFAE2" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE0FFF4886246CCCE25FD22" blockId="11.[113,1089,219,1396]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF4886246CCCC56FD85" bold="true" box="[113,256,507,531]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Distribution.</emphasis>
Kenya (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF4894446CBCC8CFD82" author="SPAETH F." box="[343,474,508,532]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" refId="ref4874" refString="SPAETH F. 1922: Chrysomelides, Cassidines. Pp. 997 - 1004. In: Voyage de M. Le Baron Maurice de Rotschild en Ethiopie et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise (1904 - 1905). Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1015 pp." type="book" year="1922">SPAETH 1922</bibRefCitation>
, present paper), Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF48BCA46CBCDF1FDA2" author="BOROWIEC L." pageId="11" pageNumber="392" refId="ref4406" refString="BOROWIEC L. 1999: A world catalogue of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Biologica Silesiae, Wroclaw, 476 pp." type="book" year="1999">BOROWIEC 1999</bibRefCitation>
, present paper). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF4895F452BCCAAFDA2" author="BOROWIEC L." box="[332,508,540,564]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" refId="ref4406" refString="BOROWIEC L. 1999: A world catalogue of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Biologica Silesiae, Wroclaw, 476 pp." type="book" year="1999">BOROWIEC (1999)</bibRefCitation>
recorded it generally from Saudi Arabia and Sudan based on unpublished data, in this paper detailed data are given. 
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48ADD450CCDA5FDE5" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
First record from 
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFE0FFF48B84450CC96DFDC2" box="[919,1083,571,596]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
. Comments.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF488EF456BCCE0FDE2" author="BOROWIEC L." box="[252,438,604,628]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" refId="ref4406" refString="BOROWIEC L. 1999: A world catalogue of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Biologica Silesiae, Wroclaw, 476 pp." type="book" year="1999">BOROWIEC (1999)</bibRefCitation>
placed 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48A1D456ACFF5FDE2" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[526,675,605,628]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48A1D456ACFF5FDE2" box="[526,675,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">C. rothschildi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48B83456AC954FDE2" box="[912,1026,605,628]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tylocentra">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48B83456AC954FDE2" box="[912,1026,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Tylocentra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This placement is now supported by the structure of larva described in this paper and by association with plants of the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF4896D45ABCCAFFD22" box="[382,505,668,692]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
, especially various 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48AD945AACE25FD22" box="[714,883,668,692]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48AD945AACE4EFD22" box="[714,792,669,692]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Lycium</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE0FFF48883458ACFAAFC22" blockId="11.[113,1089,219,1396]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48883458ACC37FD42" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[144,353,701,724]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48883458ACC37FD42" box="[144,353,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Cassida rothschildi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only member of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48AE4458ACE3FFD42" box="[759,873,701,724]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tylocentra">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48AE4458ACE3FFD42" box="[759,873,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Tylocentra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from Africa south of Sahara. The most related species is 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48A7445EACECDFD65" authority="Marseul, 1868" authorityName="Marseul" authorityYear="1868" box="[615,923,731,756]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellegrini">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48A7445EACFA4FD62" box="[615,754,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">C. pellegrini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF48AEF45EBCECDFD65" author="MARSEUL M. S." box="[764,923,731,756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="171 - 217" refId="ref4649" refString="MARSEUL M. S. 1868: Descriptions des especes nouvelles. Abeille 5: 171 - 217." type="journal article" year="1868">Marseul, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFE0FFF4886245CBCD97FC82" box="[113,193,764,788]" name="Cyprus" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFE0FFF488DF45CBCC5CFC82" box="[204,266,764,788]" name="Israel" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Israel</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFE0FFF4890545CBCC20FC82" box="[278,374,764,788]" name="Lebanon" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFE0FFF4899245CBCF5AFC82" box="[385,524,764,788]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F343178AFFE0FFF48A5245CBCFC6FC82" box="[577,656,764,788]" name="Tunisia" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF48A8C45CBCE91FC82" author="SEKERKA L. &amp; BOROWIEC L." box="[671,967,764,788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="505 - 509" refId="ref4734" refString="SEKERKA L. &amp; BOROWIEC L. 2011: New synonymy in Palearctic Cassidini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Genus 22: 505 - 509." type="journal article" year="2011">SEKERKA &amp; BOROWIEC 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Both taxa belong to the group of species with regularly punctate lateral rows on elytral disc but 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48BEA442ACDEEFCC2" authorityName="Marseul" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellegrini">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48BEA442ACDEEFCC2" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">C. pellegrini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinctly differs in more elongate body and less convex elytral disc (see figs. 3 and 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE0FFF48C20440BCDD0FCE2" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF4889E446BCCE5FCE2" author="SEKERKA L. &amp; BOROWIEC L." box="[141,435,860,884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="505 - 509" refId="ref4734" refString="SEKERKA L. &amp; BOROWIEC L. 2011: New synonymy in Palearctic Cassidini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Genus 22: 505 - 509." type="journal article" year="2011">SEKERKA &amp; BOROWIEC 2011</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF489D6446ACFC3FCE2" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[453,661,861,884]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF489D6446ACFC3FCE2" box="[453,661,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Cassida rothschildi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the smallest member of the subgenus with body length below 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE0FFF48966444CCC9DFC05" box="[373,459,891,915]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
; other species usually have length above 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE0FFF48B97444BCE8EFC05" box="[900,984,892,916]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
, although the smallest specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF4899A44AACF46FC22" authorityName="Marseul" authorityYear="1868" box="[393,528,925,948]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellegrini">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF4899A44AACF46FC22" box="[393,528,925,948]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">C. pellegrini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are 
<quantity id="4CACFAFFFFE0FFF48A2D44ACCFD9FC25" box="[574,655,923,947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
in length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB571AFFE0FFF48883448BCE2FFAE2" blockId="11.[113,1089,219,1396]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
Based on the structure of larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF489E2448ACE46FC42" authority="Weise, 1892" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1892" box="[497,784,956,980]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcmenica">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF489E2448ACFD0FC42" box="[497,646,957,980]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">C. turcmenica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF48A98448BCE46FC42" author="WEISE J." box="[651,784,956,980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="238 - 239" refId="ref5055" refString="WEISE J. 1892: Zwei neue Cassida-Arten. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 11: 238 - 239." type="journal article" year="1892">Weise, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF48B0A448BCE80FC42" author="MEDVEDEV L. N." box="[793,982,956,980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" refId="ref4668" refString="MEDVEDEV L. N. 1982: Listoedy MNR. Opredelitel. [Leaf-beetles of Mongolia. Identification key]. Nauka, Moskva, 303 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1982">MEDVEDEV (1982)</bibRefCitation>
raised the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF488C844EACC1BFC62" box="[219,333,989,1012]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tylocentra">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF488C844EACC1BFC62" box="[219,333,989,1012]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Tylocentra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the genus rank, but he did so without discussion and only noted ‘traditionally it [
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF488E944CACC3AFB82" box="[250,364,1021,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tylocentra">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF488E944CACC3AFB82" box="[250,364,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Tylocentra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] was included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48A3644CACF2DFB82" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[549,635,1021,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48A3644CACF2DFB82" box="[549,635,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Cassida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as subgenus but study of larva showed that it should be raised to genus, although imago only indistinctly differs from members of other 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48862430ACD91FBC2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[113,199,1085,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48862430ACD91FBC2" box="[113,199,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Cassida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’. Larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48953430ACC84FBC2" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1922" box="[320,466,1085,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48953430ACC84FBC2" box="[320,466,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">C. rothschildi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48AFE430ACED2FBC2" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1892" box="[749,900,1085,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcmenica">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48AFE430ACED2FBC2" box="[749,900,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">C. turcmenica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and has the same unique characters – strongly reduced lateral scoli and quite convex body. In other characters it is very similar to many other 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF489AC434ACF3EFB02" box="[447,616,1148,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF489AC434ACF43FB02" box="[447,533,1149,1172]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Cassida</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
of various subgenera, and reduction of scoli and body convexity is, in our opinion, distinctly correlated with feeding on semisucculent, saline–habitat plants. The tendency to scoli reduction and body convexity was observed also in other 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF488DF43EBCC79FB62" box="[204,303,1244,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassidini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cassidini</taxonomicName>
genera associated with saline plants, e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48AE643EACEFEFB65" box="[757,936,1244,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ischyronota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48AE643EACE25FB62" box="[757,883,1245,1268]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Ischyronota</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48BCE43EACCEFFA85" authority="(Boheman, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Oxylepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deflexicollis">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48BCE43EACDA6FA82" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Oxylepus deflexicollis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF4891143CBCCE7FA85" author="BOHEMAN C. H." box="[258,433,1275,1300]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" refId="ref4296" refString="BOHEMAN C. H. 1862: Monographia Cassididarum. Tomus quartus. Oficina Norstediana, Holmiae, 504 pp." type="book" year="1862">Boheman, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF489D843CBCF03FA82" author="BORDY B." box="[459,597,1276,1300]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref4317" refString="BORDY B. 2000: Coleopteres Chrysomelidae. Volume 3. Hispinae et Cassidinae. Faune de France 85: 1 - 250 + XXVI pls." type="journal article" year="2000">BORDY 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF48A7143CCCE9CFA82" author="SWIETOJANSKA J. &amp; BOROWIEC L." box="[610,970,1275,1300]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="43 - 56" refId="ref4991" refString="SWIETOJANSKA J. &amp; BOROWIEC L. 2007: Redescriptions of last instar larvae of Ischyronota conicicollis (Weise, 1890) and Ischyronota desertorum (Gebler, 1833) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Zootaxa 1651: 43 - 56." type="journal article" year="2007">ŚWIĘTOJAŃSKA &amp; BOROWIEC 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Imagines of 
<taxonomicName id="4C542C99FFE0FFF48882422ACC55FAA2" box="[145,259,1309,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cassida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tylocentra">
<emphasis id="B9208B08FFE0FFF48882422ACC55FAA2" box="[145,259,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Tylocentra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
members have no unique characters, although they form monophyletic and morphologically and biologically coherent group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC52AEBFFE0FFF48A95420BCE79FAC2" author="BOROWIEC L." box="[646,815,1340,1364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="47 - 58" refId="ref4484" refString="BOROWIEC L. 2007: Two new species of Cassida Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from Madagascar and notes on subgenera of the genus Cassida. Zootaxa 1586: 47 - 58." type="journal article" year="2007">BOROWIEC 2007</bibRefCitation>
). However, treating it as a separate genus based only on homoplastic larval characters is unjustifed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>