treatments-xml/data/03/8D/2C/038D2C59FFD0095AFF79FF10EBD7FDDD.xml

<document id="83F12D3373D2FA0CABDB4DE949697C66" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43dd65df-a474-4fe7-88d8-0f2dc0f1191b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191734" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461131601829" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marshall, Andrea D., Compagno, Leonard J. V. &amp; Bennett, Michael B." docDate="2009" docId="038D2C59FFD0095AFF79FF10EBD7FDDD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02301p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2301" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Manta alfredi Krefft 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFB45421FFDC0948FFEEFF87E97CFFD3" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698597910142" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0913A50084EE8657F587E8AB6CAEE656">Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3647BA8C525C8BC3C0A0D4B4FFEAF757">Marshall, Andrea D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A9C3F485B38C71A5335D1FDABE23176D">Compagno, Leonard J. V.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038D2C59FFD0095AFF79FF10EBD7FDDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5626485" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119627212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5626485" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D2C59FFD0095AFF79FF10EBD7FDDD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2C59FFD0095AFF79FF10EBD7FDDD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFD00944FF79FF10E88AFF62" box="[151,502,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD00944FF79FF10E88AFF62" blockId="12.[151,502,151,177]" box="[151,502,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0D32A23FFD00944FF79FF10E88AFF62" bold="true" box="[151,502,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FF79FF10E88AFF62" bold="true" box="[151,502,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD00944FF79FF10E88CFF62" ID-CoL="3XW6N" authority="Krefft, 1868" authorityName="Krefft" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,496,151,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FF79FF10E841FF62" bold="true" box="[151,317,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFD00944FEA2FF10E895FF62" author="Krefft" box="[332,489,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" refString="Krefft, G. (1868) Deratoptera alfredi (Prince Alfred's ray). Illustrated Sydney News (11 July), 5 (50), 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1868">Krefft, 1868</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFD00944FF79FF67EC55FF28" box="[151,1321,224,251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD00944FF79FF67EC55FF28" blockId="12.[151,1437,224,2030]" box="[151,1321,224,251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FF79FF67E8F5FF29" bold="true" box="[151,393,224,250]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Selected synonymy.</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A85BB5EFFD00944FE7FFF66EB99FF28" box="[401,741,225,251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD00944FE7FFF66EB99FF28" ID-CoL="3XW6T" authority="Whitley, 1936" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1936" box="[401,741,225,251]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fowleri">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FE7FFF66EB44FF29" box="[401,568,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Manta fowleri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFD00944FDD1FF66EB99FF28" author="Whitley" box="[575,741,225,251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="28" refString="Whitley, G. P. (1936) The Australian devilray, Daemomanta alfredi (Krefft), with remarks on the superfamily Mobuloidea (order Batoidei). Australian Zoologist, 8 (3), 164 - 188." type="journal article" year="1936">Whitley, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(see 
<treatmentCitation id="0A85BB5EFFD00944FCCCFF66EAC0FF28" box="[802,956,225,251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fowler 1927</treatmentCitation>
); 
<treatmentCitation id="0A85BB5EFFD00944FC3EFF66EC59FF28" box="[976,1317,225,251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD00944FC3EFF66EC59FF28" ID-CoL="3XW6W" authority="Whitley, 1936" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1936" box="[976,1317,225,251]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pakota">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FC3EFF66ED0FFF29" box="[976,1139,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Manta pakota</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFD00944FB92FF66EC59FF28" author="Whitley" box="[1148,1317,225,251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="28" refString="Whitley, G. P. (1936) The Australian devilray, Daemomanta alfredi (Krefft), with remarks on the superfamily Mobuloidea (order Batoidei). Australian Zoologist, 8 (3), 164 - 188." type="journal article" year="1936">Whitley, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFD00944FF28FE80EDEDFEF1" box="[198,1169,263,290]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD00944FF28FE80EDEDFEF1" blockId="12.[151,1437,224,2030]" box="[198,1169,263,290]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FF28FE80E8E4FEF2" bold="true" box="[198,408,263,289]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Common names.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD00944FE71FE8FEB64FEF1" authority="Ray" authorityName="Ray" box="[415,536,264,290]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Manta ray</taxonomicName>
, inshore 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD00944FD6FFE8FEB8BFEF1" authority="Ray" authorityName="Ray" box="[641,759,264,290]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">manta ray</taxonomicName>
, Alfred manta, Prince Alfred’s ray.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFD00944FF28FEA9EB0CFD18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD00944FF28FEA9EA07FDAD" blockId="12.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FF28FEA9E834FE9B" bold="true" box="[198,328,302,328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Disc approximately 2.2–2.4 times as broad as it is long. Maximum disc width size approximately 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFD00944FEBEFED2E8B4FEBC" box="[336,456,341,367]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="5500.0">5500 mm</quantity>
. Slender whip-like tail approximately 123% of disc length if intact. No distinct caudal spine or cartilaginous mass present at base of tail. Some specimens have small hump at the base of the tail on the dorsal surface, while other specimens have a slight depression and groove on the dorsum of the tail immediately posterior to the posterior margin of the dorsal fin. Small, knob-like dermal denticles evenly distributed on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces, with ventral surface having slightly larger denticles. Dental ligament with small cusped teeth on the lower jaw measuring roughly 22% of total disc length with approximately 6–8 rows, 142–182 files across entire width of the tooth band. Total tooth counts of 900–1500 for entire tooth band. Top jaw lacks rows of enlarged denticles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD00944FF28FD0DEB0CFD18" blockId="12.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FF28FD0DE8EDFD77" bold="true" box="[198,401,650,676]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Morphometrics.</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation id="C6A6A8F4FFD00944FE21FD0DEB55FD77" box="[463,553,650,676]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[121,211,429,452]" captionTargetBox="[119,1864,467,1660]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric measurements of Manta alfredi from South Africa and Manta birostris from Lombok, Indonesia." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5BCDC7FFD8094CFF97FE2AECDEFE16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="DF5BCDC7FFD8094CFF97FE2AECDEFE16">Table 1</tableCitation>
for complete measurements of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD00944FC47FD0DED5CFD70" box="[937,1056,650,675]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FC47FD0DED5CFD70" box="[937,1056,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M. alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See 
<tableCitation id="C6A6A8F4FFD00944FB88FD0DEDBCFD77" box="[1126,1216,650,676]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[126,216,494,517]" captionTargetBox="[124,1965,613,1632]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of morphometric measurements of two species of Manta from South Africa and Lombok, Indonesia presented as proportion of total disc length % DL), with values in bold indicating higher values and non-overlapping minimum and maximum proportional measurements between Manta alfredi and Manta birostris." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5BCDC7FFD10945FF90FE69EEDDFDF7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="DF5BCDC7FFD10945FF90FE69EEDDFDF7">Table 2</tableCitation>
for morphometric comparison of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD00944FEA8FD36E8C7FD19" box="[326,443,689,714]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FEA8FD36E8C7FD19" box="[326,443,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M. alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD00944FE0EFD36EB15FD19" box="[480,617,689,714]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FE0EFD36EB15FD19" box="[480,617,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M. birostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFD0095AFF28FD50EBD7FDDD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD00944FF28FD50EB93FBD3" blockId="12.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FF28FD50E819FD22" bold="true" box="[198,357,727,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colouration.</emphasis>
Dorsal surface black in colouration (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FCF4FD5FEA1DFD21" box="[794,865,728,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,134,1847]" captionText="FIGURE 9. General characteristics and natural colouration patterns in Manta alfredi: (a) dorsal surface, arrows pointing to the shape and colouration of the shoulder patches and the colouration on the pectoral fins, box showing chevron shaped marking anterior to dorsal fin; (b) ventral surface, box showing region of highest spot density and distribution, arrows showing size of spot anterior to the 5 th gill slit, colouration of mouth region, and colouration of the pectoral fin margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202028/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
a). Pale to white coloured shoulder patches, with or without dark spots within them, present on the dorsal supra-branchial region (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FB82FD79EDC9FCCB" box="[1132,1205,766,792]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,134,1847]" captionText="FIGURE 9. General characteristics and natural colouration patterns in Manta alfredi: (a) dorsal surface, arrows pointing to the shape and colouration of the shoulder patches and the colouration on the pectoral fins, box showing chevron shaped marking anterior to dorsal fin; (b) ventral surface, box showing region of highest spot density and distribution, arrows showing size of spot anterior to the 5 th gill slit, colouration of mouth region, and colouration of the pectoral fin margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202028/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
a, 10a–h). Anterior margin of shoulder patch initially emanates posteriorly from spiracle before curving medially, a diagnostic feature of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD00944FEFDFCCBE8F6FCB6" box="[275,394,844,869]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FEFDFCCBE8F6FCB6" box="[275,394,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M. alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colouration (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FDC2FCCBEBFFFCB5" box="[556,643,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[221,1372,187,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[221,1372,187,1914]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on Manta alfredi shown on individuals from: (a) Inhambane, Mozambique; (b) Yap, Micronesia; (c) Durban, South Africa; (d) the Maldives; (e) Inhambane, Mozambique; (f) Yaeyama Islands, Japan; (g) Stradbroke Island, Australia; (h) Hawaii, USA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191742/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
a–h). Towards the midline, colouration again begins to radiate out posteriorly continuing down over the supra-branchial region in variably sized shoulder patches (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FAE5FCF5EC1CFC5F" box="[1291,1376,882,908]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[221,1372,187,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[221,1372,187,1914]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on Manta alfredi shown on individuals from: (a) Inhambane, Mozambique; (b) Yap, Micronesia; (c) Durban, South Africa; (d) the Maldives; (e) Inhambane, Mozambique; (f) Yaeyama Islands, Japan; (g) Stradbroke Island, Australia; (h) Hawaii, USA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191742/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
a–h). Anterior distal side of the shoulder patch may present as an anterior facing hook. Pale colouration may be present along the distal margin of the pectoral fin tips (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FCF2FC47EA1FFC09" box="[796,867,960,986]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,134,1847]" captionText="FIGURE 9. General characteristics and natural colouration patterns in Manta alfredi: (a) dorsal surface, arrows pointing to the shape and colouration of the shoulder patches and the colouration on the pectoral fins, box showing chevron shaped marking anterior to dorsal fin; (b) ventral surface, box showing region of highest spot density and distribution, arrows showing size of spot anterior to the 5 th gill slit, colouration of mouth region, and colouration of the pectoral fin margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202028/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
a). Pale chevron shaped patch typically stretches anteriorly from the insertion point of the dorsal fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD00944FF28FB8AED91FADC" blockId="12.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Ventral surface predominantly cream to white in colouration with variable dark markings (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FB0CFB8AEC54FBF4" box="[1250,1320,1037,1063]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,134,1847]" captionText="FIGURE 9. General characteristics and natural colouration patterns in Manta alfredi: (a) dorsal surface, arrows pointing to the shape and colouration of the shoulder patches and the colouration on the pectoral fins, box showing chevron shaped marking anterior to dorsal fin; (b) ventral surface, box showing region of highest spot density and distribution, arrows showing size of spot anterior to the 5 th gill slit, colouration of mouth region, and colouration of the pectoral fin margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202028/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
b). Mouth white to light grey in colouration (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FDC1FBB3EB09FB9D" box="[559,629,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,134,1847]" captionText="FIGURE 9. General characteristics and natural colouration patterns in Manta alfredi: (a) dorsal surface, arrows pointing to the shape and colouration of the shoulder patches and the colouration on the pectoral fins, box showing chevron shaped marking anterior to dorsal fin; (b) ventral surface, box showing region of highest spot density and distribution, arrows showing size of spot anterior to the 5 th gill slit, colouration of mouth region, and colouration of the pectoral fin margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202028/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
b, 11a–h). Blue-grey to black spots of variable size can occur across most of the ventral surface (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FE04FBDDEB4FFBA7" box="[490,563,1114,1140]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,134,1847]" captionText="FIGURE 9. General characteristics and natural colouration patterns in Manta alfredi: (a) dorsal surface, arrows pointing to the shape and colouration of the shoulder patches and the colouration on the pectoral fins, box showing chevron shaped marking anterior to dorsal fin; (b) ventral surface, box showing region of highest spot density and distribution, arrows showing size of spot anterior to the 5 th gill slit, colouration of mouth region, and colouration of the pectoral fin margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202028/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
b, 11a–h). The most diverse spot patterns typically occur medially to the five pair of gill slits, centrally on the abdomen and across the posterior half of the pectoral fins (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FAEEFB06EC3AFB48" box="[1280,1350,1153,1179]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,134,1847]" captionText="FIGURE 9. General characteristics and natural colouration patterns in Manta alfredi: (a) dorsal surface, arrows pointing to the shape and colouration of the shoulder patches and the colouration on the pectoral fins, box showing chevron shaped marking anterior to dorsal fin; (b) ventral surface, box showing region of highest spot density and distribution, arrows showing size of spot anterior to the 5 th gill slit, colouration of mouth region, and colouration of the pectoral fin margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202028/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
b, 11a– h). A small black semi-circular spot is typically located immediately posterior to the fifth gill slit on each side of the body (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FEC0FB49E809FB3B" box="[302,373,1230,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,134,1847]" captionText="FIGURE 9. General characteristics and natural colouration patterns in Manta alfredi: (a) dorsal surface, arrows pointing to the shape and colouration of the shoulder patches and the colouration on the pectoral fins, box showing chevron shaped marking anterior to dorsal fin; (b) ventral surface, box showing region of highest spot density and distribution, arrows showing size of spot anterior to the 5 th gill slit, colouration of mouth region, and colouration of the pectoral fin margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202028/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
b). Pale to dark charcoal-coloured bands are present on the posterior edge of each pectoral fin, typically stretching mid-way down the length of the fins from the pectoral fin tip (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FB67FB72EDB3FADC" box="[1161,1231,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,134,1847]" captionText="FIGURE 9. General characteristics and natural colouration patterns in Manta alfredi: (a) dorsal surface, arrows pointing to the shape and colouration of the shoulder patches and the colouration on the pectoral fins, box showing chevron shaped marking anterior to dorsal fin; (b) ventral surface, box showing region of highest spot density and distribution, arrows showing size of spot anterior to the 5 th gill slit, colouration of mouth region, and colouration of the pectoral fin margin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202028/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD00944FF79FA9BEB48F9CD" blockId="12.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
A melanistic form of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD00944FE7AFA9BEB74FAE6" box="[404,520,1308,1333]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FE7AFA9BEB74FAE6" box="[404,520,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M. alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs that is entirely black on the dorsal surface and predominately black on the ventral surface except for a variably sized white blaze along the mid-line (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FBA2FAC5EDD9FA8F" box="[1100,1189,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,256,1135,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,151,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,147,1111]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. (a-b) Examples of the melanisic form of Manta alfredi from western Australia and Micronesia and (c-d) examples of the white, or leucistic, colour morph of Manta alfredi from the Maldives." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191744/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
a,b). 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD00944FB0CFAC4ECF4FA8F" box="[1250,1416,1347,1372]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FB0CFAC4ECF4FA8F" box="[1250,1416,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’s distinctive ventral spot patterning is often visible on the abdominal region and between the gill slits (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FA85FAEEE9CBFA79" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,256,1135,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,151,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,147,1111]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. (a-b) Examples of the melanisic form of Manta alfredi from western Australia and Micronesia and (c-d) examples of the white, or leucistic, colour morph of Manta alfredi from the Maldives." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191744/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
a,b). A rare white, or leucistic, colour morph also exists in this species, in which the normally very darkly coloured dorsal surface appears almost entirely white (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FCFAFA31EA17FA03" box="[788,875,1462,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,256,1135,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,151,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,147,1111]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. (a-b) Examples of the melanisic form of Manta alfredi from western Australia and Micronesia and (c-d) examples of the white, or leucistic, colour morph of Manta alfredi from the Maldives." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191744/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
c,d). The ventral surface may also appear lighter in overall colouration. This leucistic colour morph appears to be rare, with less than twenty observed specimens documented worldwide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD00944FF28F9ADE843F880" blockId="12.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FF28F9ADE83FF997" bold="true" box="[198,323,1578,1604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dentition.</emphasis>
Tooth band on lower jaw comprising 54.2–77.4% of total jaw width (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FB78F9ADED93F997" box="[1174,1263,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,575,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,575,1539]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13. Dentition and tooth morphology in Manta alfredi: (a) lower jaw with elongated tooth band; (b) section of teeth mid-band; (c) embedded teeth of male ray; (d) view of single embedded female tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191745/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
a). Tooth band containing 6–8 rows of small cusped teeth (approximately 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFD00944FCA5F9D6EAD1F9B8" box="[843,941,1617,1643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
in length) and 142–182 files across entire width of the tooth band (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FE37F9FFEB44F941" box="[473,568,1656,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,575,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,575,1539]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13. Dentition and tooth morphology in Manta alfredi: (a) lower jaw with elongated tooth band; (b) section of teeth mid-band; (c) embedded teeth of male ray; (d) view of single embedded female tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191745/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
b,c). Total tooth counts range from 918–1456 for entire tooth band. Morphology of individual teeth are variable and may be dimorphic between sexes. General tooth morphology is shown in figure 13(d). Each tooth has a bulbous root that is embedded in the dental ligament, a freestanding stalk that ends in a curved cusp that forms the occlusal surface and is oriented to face the lingual side of the jaw (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FF3EF895E859F8FF" box="[208,293,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,575,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,575,1539]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13. Dentition and tooth morphology in Manta alfredi: (a) lower jaw with elongated tooth band; (b) section of teeth mid-band; (c) embedded teeth of male ray; (d) view of single embedded female tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191745/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
b). Teeth in the tooth band do not overlap (Fig. 17c). Upper jaw edentate with no enlarged denticle bands present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD00944FF28F8D8EA97F83D" blockId="12.[151,1437,224,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD00944FF28F8D8E843F8AA" bold="true" box="[198,319,1887,1913]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Denticles.</emphasis>
Denticles are small, non-overlapping and uniformly distributed along the dorsal and ventral surfaces (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FEE9F801E821F873" box="[263,349,1926,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1182,1206]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,194,1158]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Skin and denticle morphology in Manta alfredi: (a) superior view of dorsal skin in male ray; (b) superior view of ventral skin in female ray; (c) lateral view; (d) superior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191746/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
a,b). Each denticle comprises a stellate base (which is embedded in the skin, 
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FB0EF801EC48F873" box="[1248,1332,1926,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1182,1206]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,194,1158]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Skin and denticle morphology in Manta alfredi: (a) superior view of dorsal skin in male ray; (b) superior view of ventral skin in female ray; (c) lateral view; (d) superior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191746/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
c,d) with a dorso-laterally elongated emergent knob (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FD74F82AEB8EF814" box="[666,754,1965,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1182,1206]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,194,1158]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Skin and denticle morphology in Manta alfredi: (a) superior view of dorsal skin in male ray; (b) superior view of ventral skin in female ray; (c) lateral view; (d) superior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191746/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
c,d). Denticles on the ventral surface are larger than those on the dorsal surface, but all are of similar overall morphology (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFD00944FC6BF853EAA1F83D" box="[901,989,2004,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1182,1206]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,1156]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,194,1158]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Skin and denticle morphology in Manta alfredi: (a) superior view of dorsal skin in male ray; (b) superior view of ventral skin in female ray; (c) lateral view; (d) superior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191746/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5BCDC7FFD10945FF90FE69EEDDFDF7" ID-Table-UUID="DF5BCDC7FFD10945FF90FE69EEDDFDF7" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5BCDC7FFD10945FF90FE69EEDDFDF7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[124,1965,613,1632]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD10945FF90FE69EEDDFDF7" blockId="13.[126,1953,494,599]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FF90FE69E98FFDD6" bold="true" box="[126,243,494,517]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of morphometric measurements of two species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD10945FC77FE69EAA3FDD6" box="[921,991,494,517]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FC77FE69EAA3FDD6" box="[921,991,494,517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Manta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from South Africa and Lombok, Indonesia presented as proportion of total disc length %DL), with values in bold indicating higher values and non-overlapping minimum and maximum proportional measurements between 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD10945F9C2FD8AEFBCFDF7" box="[1580,1728,524,548]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945F9C2FD8AEFBCFDF7" box="[1580,1728,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD10945F91AFD8AEEE6FDF7" box="[1780,1946,524,548]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945F91AFD8AEEE6FDF7" box="[1780,1946,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Manta birostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD10945FD14FDB8EF12FD84" blockId="13.[126,1953,494,599]" box="[762,1646,575,599]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FD14FDB8EF12FD84" bold="true" box="[762,1646,575,599]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD10945FD14FDB8EAEEFD84" box="[762,914,575,599]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">Manta alfredi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD10945FA2BFDB8EF12FD84" box="[1477,1646,575,599]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">Manta birostris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD10945FDEEFDE2EE2CF9B3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<table id="F9246FEFFFD1F6B7FF92FDE2EED1F9B3" box="[124,1965,613,1632]" gridcols="8" gridrows="37" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FDE2EED1FDAC" box="[124,1965,613,639]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FDE2EB3EFDAC" box="[124,578,613,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FDEEFDE2EB48FDAC" bold="true" box="[512,564,613,639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Min</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FDE2EA71FDAC" box="[714,781,613,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FD23FDE2EA7AFDAC" bold="true" box="[717,774,613,639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Max</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FDE2EAA9FDAC" box="[906,981,613,639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FC63FDE2EAA9FDAC" bold="true" box="[909,981,613,639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mean</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FDE2ED1EFDAC" box="[1101,1122,613,639]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FBA3FDE2ED1EFDAC" bold="true" box="[1101,1122,613,639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FDE2EC31FDAC" box="[1290,1357,613,639]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FAE3FDE2EC3DFDAC" bold="true" box="[1293,1345,613,639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Min</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FDE2EF70FDAC" box="[1482,1548,613,639]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FA23FDE2EF7AFDAC" bold="true" box="[1485,1542,613,639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Max</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFDE2EFA9FDAC" box="[1668,1749,613,639]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945F963FDE2EFA9FDAC" bold="true" box="[1677,1749,613,639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mean</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FDE2EED1FDAC" box="[1854,1965,613,639]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945F8D0FDE2EED1FDAC" bold="true" box="[1854,1965,613,639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N _</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FD02EED1FD49" box="[124,1965,645,666]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FD02EB3EFD49" box="[124,578,645,666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Disc Width 214.79</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FD02EA71FD49" box="[714,781,645,666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">237.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FD02EAA9FD49" box="[906,981,645,666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">224.87</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FD02ED1EFD49" box="[1101,1122,645,666]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FD02EC31FD49" box="[1290,1357,645,666]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">215.69</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FD02EF70FD49" box="[1482,1548,645,666]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">230.15</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFD02EFA9FD49" box="[1668,1749,645,666]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">226.04</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FD02EED1FD49" box="[1854,1965,645,666]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FD26EED1FD65" box="[124,1965,673,694]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FD26EB3EFD65" box="[124,578,673,694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Anterior Projection 
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FDEEFD26EB4AFD65" bold="true" box="[512,566,673,694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">39.60</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FD26EA71FD65" box="[714,781,673,694]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FD24FD26EA7CFD65" bold="true" box="[714,768,673,694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">54.08</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FD26EAA9FD65" box="[906,981,673,694]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FC64FD26EABCFD65" bold="true" box="[906,960,673,694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">43.93</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FD26ED1EFD65" box="[1101,1122,673,694]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FBBEFD26ED20FD65" bold="true" box="[1104,1116,673,694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FD26EC31FD65" box="[1290,1357,673,694]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">34.73</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FD26EF70FD65" box="[1482,1548,673,694]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">36.78</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFD26EFA9FD65" box="[1668,1749,673,694]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">35.73</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FD26EED1FD65" box="[1854,1965,673,694]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FD3BEED1FD02" box="[124,1965,700,721]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FD3BEB3EFD02" box="[124,578,700,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rostrum to Pelvic Fin 99.00</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FD3BEA71FD02" box="[714,781,700,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">101.02</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FD3BEAA9FD02" box="[906,981,700,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">99.79</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FD3BED1EFD02" box="[1101,1122,700,721]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FD3BEC31FD02" box="[1290,1357,700,721]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">100.28</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FD3BEF70FD02" box="[1482,1548,700,721]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">101.52</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFD3BEFA9FD02" box="[1668,1749,700,721]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">100.87</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FD3BEED1FD02" box="[1854,1965,700,721]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FD5FEED1FD3E" box="[124,1965,728,749]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FD5FEB3EFD3E" box="[124,578,728,749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pre-dorsal Length 80.99</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FD5FEA71FD3E" box="[714,781,728,749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">101.02</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FD5FEAA9FD3E" box="[906,981,728,749]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">88.85</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FD5FED1EFD3E" box="[1101,1122,728,749]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FD5FEC31FD3E" box="[1290,1357,728,749]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">79.55</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FD5FEF70FD3E" box="[1482,1548,728,749]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">83.89</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFD5FEFA9FD3E" box="[1668,1749,728,749]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">81.34</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FD5FEED1FD3E" box="[1854,1965,728,749]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FD74EED1FCDB" box="[124,1965,755,776]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FD74EB3EFCDB" box="[124,578,755,776]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pre-cloacal Distance 76.52</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FD74EA71FCDB" box="[714,781,755,776]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">85.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FD74EAA9FCDB" box="[906,981,755,776]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">82.02</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FD74ED1EFCDB" box="[1101,1122,755,776]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FD74EC31FCDB" box="[1290,1357,755,776]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">76.11</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FD74EF70FCDB" box="[1482,1548,755,776]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">82.28</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFD74EFA9FCDB" box="[1668,1749,755,776]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">78.89</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FD74EED1FCDB" box="[1854,1965,755,776]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FC88EED1FCF7" box="[124,1965,783,804]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FC88EB3EFCF7" box="[124,578,783,804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Disc Thickness 20.00</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FC88EA71FCF7" box="[714,781,783,804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">24.75</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FC88EAA9FCF7" box="[906,981,783,804]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22.51</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FC88ED1EFCF7" box="[1101,1122,783,804]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FC88EC31FCF7" box="[1290,1357,783,804]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">23.10</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FC88EF70FCF7" box="[1482,1548,783,804]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">29.30</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFC88EFA9FCF7" box="[1668,1749,783,804]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">26.61</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FC88EED1FCF7" box="[1854,1965,783,804]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FCACEED1FC93" box="[124,1965,811,832]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FCACEB3EFC93" box="[124,578,811,832]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pectoral Length 1 89.11</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FCACEA71FC93" box="[714,781,811,832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">93.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FCACEAA9FC93" box="[906,981,811,832]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">91.40</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FCACED1EFC93" box="[1101,1122,811,832]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FCACEC31FC93" box="[1290,1357,811,832]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">85.71</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FCACEF70FC93" box="[1482,1548,811,832]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">92.16</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFCACEFA9FC93" box="[1668,1749,811,832]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">89.68</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FCACEED1FC93" box="[1854,1965,811,832]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FCC1EED1FC88" box="[124,1965,838,859]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FCC1EB3EFC88" box="[124,578,838,859]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Pectoral Length 2 
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FDEEFCC1EB3EFC88" bold="true" box="[512,578,838,859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">112.87</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FCC1EA71FC88" box="[714,781,838,859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FD25FCC1EA71FC88" bold="true" box="[715,781,838,859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">122.00</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FCC1EAA9FC88" box="[906,981,838,859]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FC64FCC1EAB0FC88" bold="true" box="[906,972,838,859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">116.24</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FCC1ED1EFC88" box="[1101,1122,838,859]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FBBEFCC1ED20FC88" bold="true" box="[1104,1116,838,859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FCC1EC31FC88" box="[1290,1357,838,859]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">102.52</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FCC1EF70FC88" box="[1482,1548,838,859]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">112.74</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFCC1EFA9FC88" box="[1668,1749,838,859]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">109.56</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FCC1EED1FC88" box="[1854,1965,838,859]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FCE5EED1FCA4" box="[124,1965,866,887]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FCE5EB3EFCA4" box="[124,578,866,887]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pectoral Length 3 93.07</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FCE5EA71FCA4" box="[714,781,866,887]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">96.04</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FCE5EAA9FCA4" box="[906,981,866,887]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">94.37</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FCE5ED1EFCA4" box="[1101,1122,866,887]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FCE5EC31FCA4" box="[1290,1357,866,887]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">94.27</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FCE5EF70FCA4" box="[1482,1548,866,887]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">98.78</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFCE5EFA9FCA4" box="[1668,1749,866,887]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">96.82</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FCE5EED1FCA4" box="[1854,1965,866,887]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FCFAEED1FC41" box="[124,1965,893,914]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FCFAEB3EFC41" box="[124,578,893,914]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1st Gill Slit Length 20.00</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FCFAEA71FC41" box="[714,781,893,914]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22.77</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FCFAEAA9FC41" box="[906,981,893,914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">21.39</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FCFAED1EFC41" box="[1101,1122,893,914]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FCFAEC31FC41" box="[1290,1357,893,914]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">20.97</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FCFAEF70FC41" box="[1482,1548,893,914]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22.29</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFCFAEFA9FC41" box="[1668,1749,893,914]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">21.70</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FCFAEED1FC41" box="[1854,1965,893,914]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FC1EEED1FC7D" box="[124,1965,921,942]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FC1EEB3EFC7D" box="[124,578,921,942]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2nd Gill Slit Length 21.82</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FC1EEA71FC7D" box="[714,781,921,942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">24.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FC1EEAA9FC7D" box="[906,981,921,942]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">23.08</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FC1EED1EFC7D" box="[1101,1122,921,942]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FC1EEC31FC7D" box="[1290,1357,921,942]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22.13</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FC1EEF70FC7D" box="[1482,1548,921,942]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">24.02</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFC1EEFA9FC7D" box="[1668,1749,921,942]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">23.43</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FC1EEED1FC7D" box="[1854,1965,921,942]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FC32EED1FC19" box="[124,1965,949,970]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FC32EB3EFC19" box="[124,578,949,970]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3rd Gill Slit Length 20.91</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FC32EA71FC19" box="[714,781,949,970]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FC32EAA9FC19" box="[906,981,949,970]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22.97</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FC32ED1EFC19" box="[1101,1122,949,970]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FC32EC31FC19" box="[1290,1357,949,970]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">21.29</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FC32EF70FC19" box="[1482,1548,949,970]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">23.48</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFC32EFA9FC19" box="[1668,1749,949,970]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22.51</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FC32EED1FC19" box="[1854,1965,949,970]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FC57EED1FC36" box="[124,1965,976,997]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FC57EB3EFC36" box="[124,578,976,997]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4th Gill Slit Length 18.37</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FC57EA71FC36" box="[714,781,976,997]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">23.50</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FC57EAA9FC36" box="[906,981,976,997]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">20.71</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FC57ED1EFC36" box="[1101,1122,976,997]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FC57EC31FC36" box="[1290,1357,976,997]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">18.82</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FC57EF70FC36" box="[1482,1548,976,997]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">20.36</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFC57EFA9FC36" box="[1668,1749,976,997]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">19.81</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FC57EED1FC36" box="[1854,1965,976,997]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FC6BEED1FBD2" box="[124,1965,1004,1025]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FC6BEB3EFBD2" box="[124,578,1004,1025]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5th Gill Slit Length 14.28</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FC6BEA71FBD2" box="[714,781,1004,1025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">18.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FC6BEAA9FBD2" box="[906,981,1004,1025]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">16.40</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FC6BED1EFBD2" box="[1101,1122,1004,1025]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FC6BEC31FBD2" box="[1290,1357,1004,1025]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14.83</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FC6BEF70FBD2" box="[1482,1548,1004,1025]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">15.52</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFC6BEFA9FBD2" box="[1668,1749,1004,1025]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">15.21</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FC6BEED1FBD2" box="[1854,1965,1004,1025]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FB80EED1FBCF" box="[124,1965,1031,1052]" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FB80EB3EFBCF" box="[124,578,1031,1052]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distance Between 1st Gill Slits 21.43</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FB80EA71FBCF" box="[714,781,1031,1052]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">27.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FB80EAA9FBCF" box="[906,981,1031,1052]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">23.95</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FB80ED1EFBCF" box="[1101,1122,1031,1052]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FB80EC31FBCF" box="[1290,1357,1031,1052]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">23.25</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FB80EF70FBCF" box="[1482,1548,1031,1052]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25.65</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFB80EFA9FBCF" box="[1668,1749,1031,1052]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">24.34</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FB80EED1FBCF" box="[1854,1965,1031,1052]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FBA4EED1FBEB" box="[124,1965,1059,1080]" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FBA4EB3EFBEB" box="[124,578,1059,1080]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distance Between 5th Gill Slits 10.71</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FBA4EA71FBEB" box="[714,781,1059,1080]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14.85</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FBA4EAA9FBEB" box="[906,981,1059,1080]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">12.86</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FBA4ED1EFBEB" box="[1101,1122,1059,1080]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FBA4EC31FBEB" box="[1290,1357,1059,1080]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">11.76</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FBA4EF70FBEB" box="[1482,1548,1059,1080]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">12.61</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFBA4EFA9FBEB" box="[1668,1749,1059,1080]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">12.35</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FBA4EED1FBEB" box="[1854,1965,1059,1080]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FBB8EED1FB87" box="[124,1965,1087,1108]" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FBB8EB3EFB87" box="[124,578,1087,1108]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rostrum to 1st Gill Slit 15.31</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FBB8EA71FB87" box="[714,781,1087,1108]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">20.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FBB8EAA9FB87" box="[906,981,1087,1108]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">18.25</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FBB8ED1EFB87" box="[1101,1122,1087,1108]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FBB8EC31FB87" box="[1290,1357,1087,1108]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17.65</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FBB8EF70FB87" box="[1482,1548,1087,1108]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">19.75</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFBB8EFA9FB87" box="[1668,1749,1087,1108]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">18.73</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FBB8EED1FB87" box="[1854,1965,1087,1108]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FBDDEED1FBBC" box="[124,1965,1114,1135]" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FBDDEB3EFBBC" box="[124,578,1114,1135]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rostrum to 5th Gill Slit 40.00</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FBDDEA71FBBC" box="[714,781,1114,1135]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">43.50</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FBDDEAA9FBBC" box="[906,981,1114,1135]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">41.79</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FBDDED1EFBBC" box="[1101,1122,1114,1135]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FBDDEC31FBBC" box="[1290,1357,1114,1135]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">41.46</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FBDDEF70FBBC" box="[1482,1548,1114,1135]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">44.07</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFBDDEFA9FBBC" box="[1668,1749,1114,1135]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">42.87</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FBDDEED1FBBC" box="[1854,1965,1114,1135]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FBF1EED1FB58" box="[124,1965,1142,1163]" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FBF1EB3EFB58" box="[124,578,1142,1163]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cephalic Fin Length 22.77</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FBF1EA71FB58" box="[714,781,1142,1163]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">26.73</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FBF1EAA9FB58" box="[906,981,1142,1163]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25.11</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FBF1ED1EFB58" box="[1101,1122,1142,1163]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FBF1EC31FB58" box="[1290,1357,1142,1163]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FAE5FBF1EC3DFB58" bold="true" box="[1291,1345,1142,1163]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">26.89</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FBF1EF70FB58" box="[1482,1548,1142,1163]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FA25FBF1EF7DFB58" bold="true" box="[1483,1537,1142,1163]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">28.34</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFBF1EFA9FB58" box="[1668,1749,1142,1163]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945F965FBF1EFBDFB58" bold="true" box="[1675,1729,1142,1163]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">27.70</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FBF1EED1FB58" box="[1854,1965,1142,1163]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945F8ABFBF1EE2DFB58" bold="true" box="[1861,1873,1142,1163]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FB16EED1FB75" box="[124,1965,1169,1190]" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FB16EB3EFB75" box="[124,578,1169,1190]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cephalic Fin Width 8.67</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FB16EA71FB75" box="[714,781,1169,1190]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">12.38</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FB16EAA9FB75" box="[906,981,1169,1190]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10.99</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FB16ED1EFB75" box="[1101,1122,1169,1190]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FB16EC31FB75" box="[1290,1357,1169,1190]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">11.46</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FB16EF70FB75" box="[1482,1548,1169,1190]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14.11</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFB16EFA9FB75" box="[1668,1749,1169,1190]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">12.68</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FB16EED1FB75" box="[1854,1965,1169,1190]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FB2AEED1FB11" box="[124,1965,1197,1218]" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FB2AEB3EFB11" box="[124,578,1197,1218]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diameter of Eye 1.98</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FB2AEA71FB11" box="[714,781,1197,1218]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4.08</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FB2AEAA9FB11" box="[906,981,1197,1218]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.01</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FB2AED1EFB11" box="[1101,1122,1197,1218]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FB2AEC31FB11" box="[1290,1357,1197,1218]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.38</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FB2AEF70FB11" box="[1482,1548,1197,1218]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4.50</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFB2AEFA9FB11" box="[1668,1749,1197,1218]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.90</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FB2AEED1FB11" box="[1854,1965,1197,1218]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FB4EEED1FB0D" box="[124,1965,1225,1246]" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FB4EEB3EFB0D" box="[124,578,1225,1246]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cranial Width 50.00</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FB4EEA71FB0D" box="[714,781,1225,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">54.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FB4EEAA9FB0D" box="[906,981,1225,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">51.78</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FB4EED1EFB0D" box="[1101,1122,1225,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FB4EEC31FB0D" box="[1290,1357,1225,1246]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">51.82</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FB4EEF70FB0D" box="[1482,1548,1225,1246]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">58.36</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFB4EEFA9FB0D" box="[1668,1749,1225,1246]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">56.30</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FB4EEED1FB0D" box="[1854,1965,1225,1246]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FB63EED1FB2A" box="[124,1965,1252,1273]" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FB63EB3EFB2A" box="[124,578,1252,1273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Head Length 30.61</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FB63EA71FB2A" box="[714,781,1252,1273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">35.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FB63EAA9FB2A" box="[906,981,1252,1273]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">32.17</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FB63ED1EFB2A" box="[1101,1122,1252,1273]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FB63EC31FB2A" box="[1290,1357,1252,1273]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">31.09</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FB63EF70FB2A" box="[1482,1548,1252,1273]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">34.29</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFB63EFA9FB2A" box="[1668,1749,1252,1273]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">32.67</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FB63EED1FB2A" box="[1854,1965,1252,1273]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FA87EED1FAC6" box="[124,1965,1280,1301]" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FA87EB3EFAC6" box="[124,578,1280,1301]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mouth Width 30.69</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FA87EA71FAC6" box="[714,781,1280,1301]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">37.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FA87EAA9FAC6" box="[906,981,1280,1301]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">34.53</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FA87ED1EFAC6" box="[1101,1122,1280,1301]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FA87EC31FAC6" box="[1290,1357,1280,1301]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">34.17</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FA87EF70FAC6" box="[1482,1548,1280,1301]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">38.30</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFA87EFA9FAC6" box="[1668,1749,1280,1301]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">36.74</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FA87EED1FAC6" box="[1854,1965,1280,1301]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FA9BEED1FAE2" box="[124,1965,1308,1329]" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FA9BEB3EFAE2" box="[124,578,1308,1329]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lower Toothband Length 19.90</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FA9BEA71FAE2" box="[714,781,1308,1329]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">23.76</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FA9BEAA9FAE2" box="[906,981,1308,1329]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">21.96</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FA9BED1EFAE2" box="[1101,1122,1308,1329]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FA9BEC31FAE2" box="[1290,1357,1308,1329]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FAE5FA9BEC3DFAE2" bold="true" box="[1291,1345,1308,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">24.44</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FA9BEF70FAE2" box="[1482,1548,1308,1329]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FA25FA9BEF7DFAE2" bold="true" box="[1483,1537,1308,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25.73</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFA9BEFA9FAE2" box="[1668,1749,1308,1329]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945F965FA9BEFBDFAE2" bold="true" box="[1675,1729,1308,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25.05</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FA9BEED1FAE2" box="[1854,1965,1308,1329]" gridcol="7" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945F8ABFA9BEE2DFAE2" bold="true" box="[1861,1873,1308,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FAB0EED1FA9F" box="[124,1965,1335,1356]" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FAB0EB3EFA9F" box="[124,578,1335,1356]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Internarial Distance 30.61</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FAB0EA71FA9F" box="[714,781,1335,1356]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">34.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FAB0EAA9FA9F" box="[906,981,1335,1356]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">31.38</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FAB0ED1EFA9F" box="[1101,1122,1335,1356]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FAB0EC31FA9F" box="[1290,1357,1335,1356]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">30.81</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FAB0EF70FA9F" box="[1482,1548,1335,1356]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">34.04</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFAB0EFA9FA9F" box="[1668,1749,1335,1356]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">32.29</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FAB0EED1FA9F" box="[1854,1965,1335,1356]" gridcol="7" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FAD4EED1FABB" box="[124,1965,1363,1384]" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FAD4EB3EFABB" box="[124,578,1363,1384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spiracle Length 2.18</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FAD4EA71FABB" box="[714,781,1363,1384]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4.10</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FAD4EAA9FABB" box="[906,981,1363,1384]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2.85</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FAD4ED1EFABB" box="[1101,1122,1363,1384]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FAD4EC31FABB" box="[1290,1357,1363,1384]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2.92</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FAD4EF70FABB" box="[1482,1548,1363,1384]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.69</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFAD4EFA9FABB" box="[1668,1749,1363,1384]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.22</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FAD4EED1FABB" box="[1854,1965,1363,1384]" gridcol="7" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FAE9EED1FA50" box="[124,1965,1390,1411]" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FAE9EB3EFA50" box="[124,578,1390,1411]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Interspiracle Distance 44.55</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FAE9EA71FA50" box="[714,781,1390,1411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">45.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FAE9EAA9FA50" box="[906,981,1390,1411]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">44.70</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FAE9ED1EFA50" box="[1101,1122,1390,1411]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FAE9EC31FA50" box="[1290,1357,1390,1411]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FAE5FAE9EC3DFA50" bold="true" box="[1291,1345,1390,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">45.10</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FAE9EF70FA50" box="[1482,1548,1390,1411]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FA25FAE9EF7DFA50" bold="true" box="[1483,1537,1390,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">50.46</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFAE9EFA9FA50" box="[1668,1749,1390,1411]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945F965FAE9EFBDFA50" bold="true" box="[1675,1729,1390,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">47.68</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FAE9EED1FA50" box="[1854,1965,1390,1411]" gridcol="7" gridrow="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945F8ABFAE9EE2DFA50" bold="true" box="[1861,1873,1390,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FA0DEED1FA4C" box="[124,1965,1418,1439]" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FA0DEB3EFA4C" box="[124,578,1418,1439]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Dorsal Fin Base 
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FDEEFA0DEB4AFA4C" bold="true" box="[512,566,1418,1439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13.91</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FA0DEA71FA4C" box="[714,781,1418,1439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FD24FA0DEA7CFA4C" bold="true" box="[714,768,1418,1439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17.00</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FA0DEAA9FA4C" box="[906,981,1418,1439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FC64FA0DEABCFA4C" bold="true" box="[906,960,1418,1439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14.82</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FA0DED1EFA4C" box="[1101,1122,1418,1439]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FBBEFA0DED20FA4C" bold="true" box="[1104,1116,1418,1439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FA0DEC31FA4C" box="[1290,1357,1418,1439]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">12.89</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FA0DEF70FA4C" box="[1482,1548,1418,1439]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13.69</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFA0DEFA9FA4C" box="[1668,1749,1418,1439]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13.17</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FA0DEED1FA4C" box="[1854,1965,1418,1439]" gridcol="7" gridrow="29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FA22EED1FA69" box="[124,1965,1445,1466]" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FA22EB3EFA69" box="[124,578,1445,1466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Dorsal Fin Height 
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FDEEFA22EB56FA69" bold="true" box="[512,554,1445,1466]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">9.09</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FA22EA71FA69" box="[714,781,1445,1466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FD25FA22EA7DFA69" bold="true" box="[715,769,1445,1466]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">11.44</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FA22EAA9FA69" box="[906,981,1445,1466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FC65FA22EABDFA69" bold="true" box="[907,961,1445,1466]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10.08</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FA22ED1EFA69" box="[1101,1122,1445,1466]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FBBFFA22ED21FA69" bold="true" box="[1105,1117,1445,1466]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FA22EC31FA69" box="[1290,1357,1445,1466]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7.60</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FA22EF70FA69" box="[1482,1548,1445,1466]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8.81</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFA22EFA9FA69" box="[1668,1749,1445,1466]" gridcol="6" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8.20</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FA22EED1FA69" box="[1854,1965,1445,1466]" gridcol="7" gridrow="30" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FA46EED1FA05" box="[124,1965,1473,1494]" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FA46EB3EFA05" box="[124,578,1473,1494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dorsal Fin Anterior Margin 10.30</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FA46EA71FA05" box="[714,781,1473,1494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">15.84</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FA46EAA9FA05" box="[906,981,1473,1494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13.66</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FA46ED1EFA05" box="[1101,1122,1473,1494]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FA46EC31FA05" box="[1290,1357,1473,1494]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13.21</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FA46EF70FA05" box="[1482,1548,1473,1494]" gridcol="5" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14.29</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFA46EFA9FA05" box="[1668,1749,1473,1494]" gridcol="6" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13.44</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FA46EED1FA05" box="[1854,1965,1473,1494]" gridcol="7" gridrow="31" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FA5AEED1FA21" box="[124,1965,1501,1522]" gridrow="32" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FA5AEB3EFA21" box="[124,578,1501,1522]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Width Across Pelvic Fin Base 
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FDEEFA5AEB4AFA21" bold="true" box="[512,566,1501,1522]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">19.80</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FA5AEA71FA21" box="[714,781,1501,1522]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FD24FA5AEA7CFA21" bold="true" box="[714,768,1501,1522]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22.00</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FA5AEAA9FA21" box="[906,981,1501,1522]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FC64FA5AEABCFA21" bold="true" box="[906,960,1501,1522]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">20.86</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FA5AED1EFA21" box="[1101,1122,1501,1522]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FBBEFA5AED20FA21" bold="true" box="[1104,1116,1501,1522]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FA5AEC31FA21" box="[1290,1357,1501,1522]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">16.72</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FA5AEF70FA21" box="[1482,1548,1501,1522]" gridcol="5" gridrow="32" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">18.32</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFA5AEFA9FA21" box="[1668,1749,1501,1522]" gridcol="6" gridrow="32" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17.33</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FA5AEED1FA21" box="[1854,1965,1501,1522]" gridcol="7" gridrow="32" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92FA7FEED1F9DE" box="[124,1965,1528,1549]" gridrow="33" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92FA7FEB3EF9DE" box="[124,578,1528,1549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pelvic Fin Length 21.78</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24FA7FEA71F9DE" box="[714,781,1528,1549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">28.00</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64FA7FEAA9F9DE" box="[906,981,1528,1549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">24.51</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3FA7FED1EF9DE" box="[1101,1122,1528,1549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4FA7FEC31F9DE" box="[1290,1357,1528,1549]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22.52</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24FA7FEF70F9DE" box="[1482,1548,1528,1549]" gridcol="5" gridrow="33" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25.41</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AFA7FEFA9F9DE" box="[1668,1749,1528,1549]" gridcol="6" gridrow="33" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">24.27</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0FA7FEED1F9DE" box="[1854,1965,1528,1549]" gridcol="7" gridrow="33" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92F993EED1F9FA" box="[124,1965,1556,1577]" gridrow="34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92F993EB3EF9FA" box="[124,578,1556,1577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Pelvic Fin Anterior Margin 
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FDEEF993EB4AF9FA" bold="true" box="[512,566,1556,1577]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17.00</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24F993EA71F9FA" box="[714,781,1556,1577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FD24F993EA7CF9FA" bold="true" box="[714,768,1556,1577]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">18.81</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64F993EAA9F9FA" box="[906,981,1556,1577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FC64F993EABCF9FA" bold="true" box="[906,960,1556,1577]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17.88</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3F993ED1EF9FA" box="[1101,1122,1556,1577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FBBEF993ED20F9FA" bold="true" box="[1104,1116,1556,1577]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4F993EC31F9FA" box="[1290,1357,1556,1577]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10.92</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24F993EF70F9FA" box="[1482,1548,1556,1577]" gridcol="5" gridrow="34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13.37</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AF993EFA9F9FA" box="[1668,1749,1556,1577]" gridcol="6" gridrow="34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">12.02</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0F993EED1F9FA" box="[1854,1965,1556,1577]" gridcol="7" gridrow="34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92F9A8EED1F997" box="[124,1965,1583,1604]" gridrow="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92F9A8EB3EF997" box="[124,578,1583,1604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tail Width 1.49</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24F9A8EA71F997" box="[714,781,1583,1604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2.10</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64F9A8EAA9F997" box="[906,981,1583,1604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1.72</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3F9A8ED1EF997" box="[1101,1122,1583,1604]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4F9A8EC31F997" box="[1290,1357,1583,1604]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1.53</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24F9A8EF70F997" box="[1482,1548,1583,1604]" gridcol="5" gridrow="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1.58</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AF9A8EFA9F997" box="[1668,1749,1583,1604]" gridcol="6" gridrow="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1.56</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0F9A8EED1F997" box="[1854,1965,1583,1604]" gridcol="7" gridrow="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35149F0DFFD1F6B7FF92F9CCEED1F9B3" box="[124,1965,1611,1632]" gridrow="36" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FF92F9CCEB3EF9B3" box="[124,578,1611,1632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Tail Height 
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FDEEF9CCEB56F9B3" bold="true" box="[512,554,1611,1632]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2.08</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FD24F9CCEA71F9B3" box="[714,781,1611,1632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FD25F9CCEB89F9B3" bold="true" box="[715,757,1611,1632]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2.20</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FC64F9CCEAA9F9B3" box="[906,981,1611,1632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FC64F9CCEAC8F9B3" bold="true" box="[906,948,1611,1632]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2.15</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FBA3F9CCED1EF9B3" box="[1101,1122,1611,1632]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD10945FBBEF9CCED20F9B3" bold="true" box="[1104,1116,1611,1632]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FAE4F9CCEC31F9B3" box="[1290,1357,1611,1632]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1.64</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7FA24F9CCEF70F9B3" box="[1482,1548,1611,1632]" gridcol="5" gridrow="36" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1.66</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F96AF9CCEFA9F9B3" box="[1668,1749,1611,1632]" gridcol="6" gridrow="36" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1.65</td>
<td id="76C5F671FFD1F6B7F8D0F9CCEED1F9B3" box="[1854,1965,1611,1632]" gridcol="7" gridrow="36" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5BCDC7FFD20946FF79F8C8E995F827" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202028/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[151,1436,191,1827]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD20946FF79F8C8E995F827" blockId="14.[151,1436,1871,2036]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD20946FF79F8C8E865F8B4" bold="true" box="[151,281,1871,1895]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
General characteristics and natural colouration patterns in 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD20946FC63F8D7ED63F8B4" box="[909,1055,1872,1895]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD20946FC63F8D7ED63F8B4" box="[909,1055,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (a) dorsal surface, arrows pointing to the shape and colouration of the shoulder patches and the colouration on the pectoral fins, box showing chevron shaped marking anterior to dorsal fin; (b) ventral surface, box showing region of highest spot density and distribution, arrows showing size of spot anterior to the 5th gill slit, colouration of mouth region, and colouration of the pectoral fin margin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5BCDC7FFD30947FF79F80EED08F835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191742/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[221,1372,187,1914]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFD30947FF79F80EED08F835" blockId="15.[151,1437,1929,2022]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD30947FF79F80EE85BF872" bold="true" box="[151,295,1929,1953]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFD30947FC34F80DED11F872" box="[986,1133,1930,1953]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFD30947FC34F80DED11F872" box="[986,1133,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shown on individuals from: (a) Inhambane, Mozambique; (b) Yap, Micronesia; (c) Durban, South Africa; (d) the Maldives; (e) Inhambane, Mozambique; (f) Yaeyama Islands, Japan; (g) Stradbroke Island, Australia; (h) Hawaii, USA
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5BCDC7FFCC0958FF79F8F6EB3DF81E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191743/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[248,1371,189,1879]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCC0958FF79F8F6EB3DF81E" blockId="16.[151,1436,1905,1997]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCC0958FF79F8F6E85AF85A" bold="true" box="[151,294,1905,1929]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Variation in ventral markings on 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCC0958FD7BF8F5EA55F85A" box="[661,809,1906,1929]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCC0958FD7BF8F5EA55F85A" box="[661,809,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from: (a) Inhambane, Mozambique; (b) the Maldives; (c) Inhambane, Mozambique; (d) Exmouth, Australia; (e) Inhambane, Mozambique; (f) Yap, Micronesia; (g) Yaeyama Islands, Japan; (h) Durban, South Africa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5BCDC7FFCD0959FF79FBE8ED57FB7A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191744/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[151,1435,151,1110]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCD0959FF79FBE8ED57FB7A" blockId="17.[151,1436,1135,1193]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FF79FBE8E854FB54" bold="true" box="[151,296,1135,1159]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
(a-b) Examples of the melanisic form of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCD0959FD02FBF7EAFEFB54" box="[748,898,1136,1159]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FD02FBF7EAFEFB54" box="[748,898,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from western Australia and Micronesia and (c-d) examples of the white, or leucistic, colour morph of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCD0959FD28FB15EA24FB7A" box="[710,856,1170,1193]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FD28FB15EA24FB7A" box="[710,856,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Manta alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Maldives.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCD0959FF79FB50EBBFFA60" blockId="17.[151,1437,1239,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FF79FB50E9ACFB22" bold="true" box="[151,208,1239,1265]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Size.</emphasis>
The smallest individuals observed in the wild were approximately 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCD0959FC08FB5FED2AFB21" box="[998,1110,1240,1266]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1500.0">1500 mm</quantity>
DW and a single examined near-term foetus was 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCD0959FE7AFB79EB78FACB" box="[404,516,1278,1304]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1300.0">1300 mm</quantity>
DW (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFCD0959FDA5FB79EA43FACB" author="Marshall" box="[587,831,1278,1304]" pageId="17" pageNumber="27" refString="Marshall, A. D., Pierce, S. J. &amp; Bennett, M. B. (2008) Morphological measurements of manta rays (Manta birostris) with a description of a foetus from the east coast of Southern Africa. Zootaxa, 1717, 24 - 30." type="journal article" year="2008">
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FDA5FB79EBC9FACB" box="[587,693,1278,1304]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Marshall</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FD52FB79EB84FAC4" box="[700,760,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). Dissected specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCD0959FB83FB79ED9DFAC4" box="[1133,1249,1278,1303]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FB83FB79ED9DFAC4" box="[1133,1249,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
measured up to 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCD0959FF79FAA2E875FAEC" box="[151,265,1317,1343]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="3420.0">3420 mm</quantity>
DW but estimates of the largest individuals sighted in southern 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FBF4FAA2EDC4FAEC" box="[1050,1208,1317,1343]" name="Mozambique" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
were slightly over 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCD0959FF79FACCE875FAB6" box="[151,265,1355,1381]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5000.0">5000 mm</quantity>
DW. Size at maturity may vary slightly throughout its range, but males in southern 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FB11FACCECE0FAB6" box="[1279,1436,1355,1381]" name="Mozambique" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
mature at approximately 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCD0959FE39FAF5EB32FA5F" box="[471,590,1394,1420]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="3000.0">3000 mm</quantity>
DW (
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FD75FAF5EA6DFA5F" box="[667,785,1394,1420]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Marshall</collectingCountry>
, 2009), while females in southern Africa mature at approximately 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCD0959FEA9FA1EE8CBFA60" box="[327,439,1433,1459]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="3900.0">3900 mm</quantity>
DW (
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FE10FA1EEB17FA60" box="[510,619,1433,1459]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Marshall</collectingCountry>
, 2009).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCD0959FF28FA38EB85F8E6" blockId="17.[151,1437,1239,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FF28FA38EB7AFA0A" bold="true" box="[198,518,1471,1497]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
Commonly sighted inshore, within a few kilometres of land. Found around coral and rocky reefs as well as along productive coastlines with consistent upwelling, tropical island groups, atolls and bays. This species is widespread in the Indian Ocean, with images and sightings of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCD0959FB09F98AEC27F9F5" box="[1255,1371,1549,1574]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FB09F98AEC27F9F5" box="[1255,1371,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Red Sea in the north to Durban, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FDA0F9B4EB95F99E" box="[590,745,1587,1613]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
in the south, and from mainland 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FB93F9B4ED9BF99E" box="[1149,1255,1587,1613]" name="Thailand" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Thailand</collectingCountry>
in the north to waters off Perth, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FE8CF9DDE8B2F9A7" box="[354,462,1626,1652]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
in the south. In the eastern and south Pacific, 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCD0959FC1CF9DDED1BF9A0" box="[1010,1127,1626,1651]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FC1CF9DDED1BF9A0" box="[1010,1127,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs from the Yaeyama islands, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FF17F906E841F948" box="[249,317,1665,1691]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Japan</collectingCountry>
in the north to the Solitary Islands, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FD1EF906EA21F948" box="[752,861,1665,1691]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
in the south and is sighted as far east as 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FAA4F906E875F911" name="French Polynesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
south of the equator and the Hawaiian islands north of the equator. Two reports and photographs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCD0959FF79F948E877F93B" box="[151,267,1743,1768]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FF79F948E877F93B" box="[151,267,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the north Atlantic off the Canary Islands and the 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FC62F949ED6FF93B" box="[908,1043,1742,1768]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
Islands and historical reports and photos of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCD0959FEFFF972E8F6F8DD" box="[273,394,1781,1806]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FEFFF972E8F6F8DD" box="[273,394,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
off the coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FDBFF972EBCCF8DC" box="[593,688,1781,1807]" name="Senegal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Senegal</collectingCountry>
in north west Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFCD0959FC53F972ED1BF8DC" author="Cadenat" box="[957,1127,1781,1807]" pageId="17" pageNumber="27" refString="Cadenat, J. (1958) Les diables de mer. Notes Africaines 80, 116 - 120." type="journal article" year="1958">Cadenat 1958</bibRefCitation>
) are the only evidence of populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCD0959FEA8F89BE8C6F8E6" box="[326,442,1820,1845]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCD0959FEA8F89BE8C6F8E6" box="[326,442,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. alfredi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Atlantic waters (
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFCD0959FD4CF89CEB95F8E6" box="[674,745,1819,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,256,1959,1983]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,1347,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[313,1273,1320,1937]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Worldwide distribution of Manta from preliminary analysis (n = 2231 images from over 100 aggregation sites and sighting records)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191741/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCD095AFF28F8C5EBD7FDDD" blockId="17.[151,1437,1239,2000]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,152,526]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Material examined (n = 11). Juvenile male caught in bather protection nets on 
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCD0959FB8BF8C5EC76F88F" box="[1125,1290,1858,1884]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2006-04-11">11 April 2006</date>
off Margate beach, Durban, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FEA1F8EEE89AF850" box="[335,486,1897,1923]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCD0959FE1AF8EEEB19F850" box="[500,613,1897,1923]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.23" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2230.0">2230 mm</quantity>
DW, mass 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCD0959FD04F8EEEA4CF850" box="[746,816,1897,1923]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="kg" value="71.0">71 kg</quantity>
). Juvenile female caught in bather protection nets on 
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCD0959FF79F817E853F879" box="[151,303,1936,1962]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2006-07-17">17 July 2006</date>
off Karridene beach, Durban, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FD7AF817EA57F879" box="[660,811,1936,1962]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCD0959FCD4F817EAD7F879" box="[826,939,1936,1962]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2370.0">2370 mm</quantity>
DW mass, 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCD0959FBDAF817ED06F879" box="[1076,1146,1936,1962]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="kg" value="75.0">75 kg</quantity>
). Juvenile female caught in bather protection nets on 
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCD0959FE35F831EB02F803" box="[475,638,1974,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2006-04-28">28 April 2006</date>
off Sunwich Port beach, Durban, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCD0959FBE7F831EDE3F803" box="[1033,1183,1974,2000]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCD0959FB40F831EC63F803" box="[1198,1311,1974,2000]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.33" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2330.0">2330 mm</quantity>
DW, mass 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFF79FF1FE99AFF61" box="[151,230,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="kg" value="71.0">71 kg</quantity>
). Mature male caught in 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCE095AFDC1FF1FEBABFF61" box="[559,727,152,178]" name="Mozambique" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
on 
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCE095AFCE4FF1FEA9EFF61" box="[778,994,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2004-01-15">15 January 2004</date>
off Paindaine Beach, Inhambane, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCE095AFF79FF39E84FFF0B" box="[151,307,190,216]" name="Mozambique" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFEADFF39E8CAFF0B" box="[323,438,190,216]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="3420.0">3420 mm</quantity>
DW). Juvenile male caught in bather protection nets on 
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCE095AFBB4FF39ED86FF0B" box="[1114,1274,190,216]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2004-06-14">
14 June 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFB51FF39ED86FF0B" box="[1215,1274,190,216]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.090159999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="2004.0">2004</quantity>
</date>
in Umhlanga Beach, Durban, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCE095AFEB9FF62E893FF2C" box="[343,495,229,255]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFE11FF62EB0EFF2C" box="[511,626,229,255]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2520.0">2520 mm</quantity>
DW, mass 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFD14FF62EA2CFF2C" box="[762,848,229,255]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="kg" value="107.0">107 kg</quantity>
). Juvenile female caught in bather protection nets on 
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCE095AFF52FE8BE825FEF5" box="[188,345,268,294]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2004-06-21">21 June 2004</date>
off South Port, Durban, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCE095AFD93FE8BEA68FEF5" box="[637,788,268,294]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFCCDFE8BEAE9FEF5" box="[803,917,268,294]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2440.0">2440 mm</quantity>
DW, mass 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFBF2FE8BED0EFEF5" box="[1052,1138,268,294]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.01" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="kg" value="101.0">101 kg</quantity>
). Juvenile male caught in bather protection nets on 
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCE095AFE23FEB5EBF2FE9F" box="[461,654,306,332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2004-08-10">10 August 2004</date>
off Durban, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCE095AFCC2FEB5EAB4FE9F" box="[812,968,306,332]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFC36FEB5ED31FE9F" box="[984,1101,306,332]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2320.0">2320 mm</quantity>
DW, mass 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFB37FEB5EC5EFE9F" box="[1241,1314,306,332]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="kg" value="85.0">85 kg</quantity>
). Juvenile male caught in bather protection nets on 
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCE095AFD81FEDEEA2EFEA0" box="[623,850,345,371]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2004-09-15">
15 September 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFCF9FEDEEA2EFEA0" box="[791,850,345,371]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.090159999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="2004.0">2004</quantity>
</date>
in South Broom, Durban, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCE095AFB69FEDEEC61FEA0" box="[1159,1309,345,371]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFAC5FEDEECE0FEA0" box="[1323,1436,345,371]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4699999999999998" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2470.0">2470 mm</quantity>
DW, mass 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFEF4FE07E80DFE49" box="[282,369,384,410]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.05" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="kg" value="105.0">105 kg</quantity>
). Near-term male foetus caught in 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCE095AFCFBFE07EACFFE49" box="[789,947,384,410]" name="Mozambique" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
on 
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCE095AFC0FFE07EDD0FE49" box="[993,1196,384,410]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2004-10-15">
15 October 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFB9EFE07EDD0FE49" box="[1136,1196,384,410]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.090159999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="2004.0">2004</quantity>
</date>
in Paindane Beach, Durban, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCE095AFF10FE21E8EAFE13" box="[254,406,422,448]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFE49FE21EB65FE13" box="[423,537,422,448]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.328" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1328.0">1328 mm</quantity>
DW, mass 
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCE095AFD4CFE21EB95FE13" box="[674,745,422,448]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="kg" value="15.0">15 kg</quantity>
). Mature male sampled on 
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCE095AFBC2FE21ED9DFE13" box="[1068,1249,422,448]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2006-03-20">20 March 2006</date>
off the coast of Inhambane, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCE095AFEC7FE4AE8B8FE34" box="[297,452,461,487]" name="Mozambique" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
(skin sample only). Mature female sampled on 
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCE095AFC15FE4AED9DFE34" box="[1019,1249,461,487]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2007-09-15">15 September 2007</date>
off the coast of Inhambane, 
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCE095AFEC6FE73E8BFFDDD" box="[296,451,500,526]" name="Mozambique" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
(skin sample only).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>