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<document id="8AFFDC119ED68F8784699F54627CF49A" ID-CLB-Dataset="46800" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4078.1.21" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3e49efd7-cb51-4214-8a47-0286df6e3dfa" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264975" ID-ZooBank="9CCA098E-8430-47A2-8100-00500D49C65D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460361416639" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nunes, Rafael V., Carvalho, Marcela S. G. &amp; Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2016" docId="03FF0935FFD44D296B8AFA98937BF896" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4078.1.21.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4078 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) affinis Felsche 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="238" masterDocId="FFC6714DFFD34D216B1DFF9C967DFFBE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) assifer (Eschscholtz) species-group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="244" masterPageNumber="230" pageNumber="237" updateTime="1698294594184" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="2F69EF89556476B8901EC8B3AFE30D05" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="11C28B9C46AE08A21734D7A338E1246B">Taxonomic review of the Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) assifer (Eschscholtz) species-group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EA51CB369F852D7198F3E52A626C8CE0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8607C6CACFE4717C8B7D0F8CA0783050">Nunes, Rafael V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DA9989EF67CAAA3BE0A95B359125D2DA">Carvalho, Marcela S. G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2E00CA73DE6A16E913860B95FC19F5BC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C3EFBDDADFF47DA043C82320636F5451">
<mods:roleTerm id="870635E2C579FC06D7BEC391063408B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1748D8794DDA82522F4FFA3E6B5F464E">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B4CCA6364B3435ED409FCE0BE1751EC6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E75B152303C976C599F383056C742865">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="31E7D8EB48DF4C5A365DBA1424829E15">
<mods:date id="7D789C81D234072DDAFA359F63FBABD3">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FF0FC40BD2F7B3FB5862B081109109C5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C56C89C9CDF69B4D1C82D5918B8D9394">4078</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3D74AA855FB612615C7EBEC4961F8D31">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="E46CEE50D1C2971A187A941DC171A1FC" unit="page">
<mods:start id="1C42403BB0CDBC74A0CB6F8BA3BC0148">230</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="0C6B509FCAFF4D8B8A9C1D8ADA0B7096">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0E3395C5A969356F09613EBE723F75CB" type="CLB-Dataset">46800</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DCA9AC0D6B383ABDD7F7A12D6B06752E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4078.1.21</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FF0935FFD44D296B8AFA98937BF896" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6069562" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119409846" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6069562" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF0935FFD44D296B8AFA98937BF896" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF0935FFD44D296B8AFA98937BF896" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<subSubSection id="C34CEBA8FFD44D266B8AFA98973BFAFE" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE9B823FFD44D266B8AFA989555FAA0" blockId="7.[151,808,1284,1344]" box="[151,808,1284,1310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<heading id="D0A10F4FFFD44D266B8AFA989555FAA0" bold="true" box="[151,808,1284,1310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C56C3A0FFD44D266B8AFA989555FAA0" ID-CoL="6CRR6" authority="Felsche, 1910" authorityName="Felsche" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,808,1284,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis" subGenus="Luederwaldtinia">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266B8AFA989555FAA0" bold="true" box="[151,808,1284,1310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266B8AFA98974FFAA0" bold="true" box="[151,306,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Dichotomius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266A5EFA989474FAA0" bold="true" box="[323,521,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Luederwaldtinia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266907FA98941AFAA0" bold="true" box="[538,615,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">affinis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7C5D2FFD44D26696AFA98955DFAA0" author="Felsche" box="[631,800,1284,1310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" refString="Felsche, C. (1910) Ueber coprophagen Scarabaeiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 339 - 352." type="journal article" year="1910">Felsche, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE9B823FFD44D266B8AFABB973BFAFE" blockId="7.[151,808,1284,1344]" box="[151,326,1319,1344]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
(
<figureCitation id="136DA4A6FFD44D266B83FABB9774FAFE" box="[158,265,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1161,1183]" captionTargetBox="[283,1286,192,1138]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[281,1292,179,1139]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dichotomius affinis (Felsche). A. dorsal habitus of the male; B. dorsal habitus of the female; C. fronto-lateral view of the male head and pronotum; D. dorsal view of the paramera; E. lateral view of the aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264979/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Figures 4</figureCitation>
A–E)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34CEBA8FFD44D266B8AFAEC95DAFA1A" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE9B823FFD44D266B8AFAEC95DAFA1A" blockId="7.[151,1144,1391,1444]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="4C56C3A0FFD44D266B8AFAEC97C2FA3B" authority="Felsche, 1910" authorityName="Felsche" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,447,1391,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266B8AFAEC9757FA3B" box="[151,298,1391,1413]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Pinotus affinis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7C5D2FFD44D266A2DFAF397C2FA3B" author="Felsche" box="[304,447,1391,1413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" refString="Felsche, C. (1910) Ueber coprophagen Scarabaeiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 339 - 352." type="journal article" year="1910">Felsche, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 343 (description);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7C5D2FFD44D266980FAF39525FA3B" author="Luederwaldt" box="[669,856,1391,1413]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" refString="Luederwaldt, H. (1929) As especies Brasileiras do genero Pinotus. Revista do Museu Paulista, 16, 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1929">Luederwaldt 1929</bibRefCitation>
, p. 102 (redescription, keys)
<taxonomicName id="4C56C3A0FFD44D266B8AFA129720FA1A" ID-CoL="6CRR6" box="[151,349,1422,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266B8AFA129720FA1A" box="[151,349,1422,1444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Dichotomius affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Vaz-de-Mello 2000, p. 193 (new combination, checklist)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34CEBA8FFD44D296B8AFA4C94A0FE36" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE9B823FFD44D296B8AFA4C94A0FE36" blockId="7.[151,1437,1488,2017]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266B8AFA4C9556FA57" bold="true" box="[151,811,1488,1513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
Material examined.
<typeStatus id="54ED0681FFD44D266A90FA4C947EFA57" box="[397,515,1488,1513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male (here designated):
</emphasis>
(1, green label) Esp.Santo / (2, red label)
<typeStatus id="54ED0681FFD44D266E00FA4D931CFA57" box="[1309,1377,1489,1513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Typus</typeStatus>
/ (3, green label) Coll. C. Felsche-Kauf 20, 1918 / (4, handwritten, white label with purple margins)
<taxonomicName id="4C56C3A0FFD44D266FEBFA6993E6F9B3" authority="Felsche" authorityName="Felsche" box="[1270,1435,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266FEBFA699341F9B3" box="[1270,1340,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">affinis</emphasis>
Felsche
</taxonomicName>
Espírito Santo / (5, white label) Staatl Museum für Tierkunde Dresden / (6, red label)
<typeStatus id="54ED0681FFD44D266F72F98592A2F98F" box="[1135,1247,1561,1585]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
/ (7, white label with black margins)
<taxonomicName id="4C56C3A0FFD44D266A62F9A1941DF9EB" authority="Fels." authorityName="Fels." box="[383,608,1596,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266A62F9A1945EF9EB" box="[383,547,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Pinotus affinis</emphasis>
Fels.
</taxonomicName>
LECTOT. Vaz-de-Mello des. 2011 [♂
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFD44D266F04F9A19210F9EB" box="[1049,1133,1597,1621]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">SMTD</collectionCode>
]. A
<typeStatus id="54ED0681FFD44D266F86F9A0937CF9EB" box="[1179,1281,1596,1621]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is designated in order to fix the species name on one single individual then contributing to stabilization of nomenclature.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266B8AF9189722F923" bold="true" box="[151,351,1668,1693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<typeStatus id="54ED0681FFD44D266B8AF9189736F923" box="[151,331,1668,1693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
: (
</emphasis>
1, green label) Esp.Santo / (2, green label) Coll. C. Felsche-Kauf 20, 1918 / (3, white label) Staatl Museum für Tierkunde Dresden / (4, yellow label)
<typeStatus id="54ED0681FFD44D2669D3F934951BF97F" box="[718,870,1704,1729]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
/ (5, white with black margin)
<taxonomicName id="4C56C3A0FFD44D266FA3F93693E1F97F" authority="Fels." authorityName="Fels." box="[1214,1436,1704,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266FA3F936931DF97F" box="[1214,1376,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Pinotus affinis</emphasis>
Fels.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266B8AF950921EF95B" bold="true" box="[151,1123,1740,1765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
PARALECTO. Vaz-de-Mello des. 2011 [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFD44D26699CF95094D8F95B" box="[641,677,1740,1765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
, 1♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFD44D2669F9F9509544F95B" box="[740,825,1740,1765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">SMTD</collectionCode>
]. Addittional specimens.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F341F8B3FFD44D266F70F95192A8F95B" box="[1133,1237,1741,1765]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266FFEF95093E1F95B" bold="true" box="[1251,1436,1740,1765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Espírito Santo:</emphasis>
Venda Nova do Imigrante, Lavrinhas.
<geoCoordinate id="EE62DEE4FFD44D266957F96D94B3F8B7" box="[586,718,1777,1801]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" precision="15" value="-20.308054">20º18’29”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE62DEE4FFD44D2669C6F96D951AF8B7" box="[731,871,1777,1801]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" precision="15" value="-41.11972">41º07’11”W</geoCoordinate>
, 850 mosl.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFD44D2668F1F96D92F5F8B7" box="[1004,1160,1777,1801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" value="2011-01-10" valueMax="2011-01-14" valueMin="2011-01-10">10–14-I-2011</date>
. Hum dung. FZ Vaz-de- Mello [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFD44D266BF4F8899770F893" box="[233,269,1813,1837]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
1♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFD44D266A20F88997ECF893" box="[317,401,1813,1837]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Vargem Alta. 680 mosl,
<date id="FFE89EE3FFD44D2669A9F888956BF893" box="[692,790,1812,1837]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" value="1995-09">IX-1995</date>
, JNC Louzada [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFD44D2668D5F8899592F893" box="[968,1007,1813,1837]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
, 2♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFD44D266F38F8899204F893" box="[1061,1145,1813,1837]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Vargem Alta, Mata-Solo F#C.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFD44D266BC4F8A4971CF8EF" box="[217,353,1848,1873]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" value="1995-09-15">15-IX-1995</date>
. Louzada &amp; Louzada [1♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFD44D266982F8A5948EF8EF" box="[671,755,1849,1873]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Domingos Martins, Parque Estadual Pedra Azul.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFD44D266E57F8A593E4F8EF" box="[1354,1433,1849,1873]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" value="2000-01">I-2000</date>
. Lopes-Andrade &amp; Vaz-de-Mello [1♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFD44D266921F8C194EDF8CB" box="[572,656,1885,1909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Marechal Floriano.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFD44D266862F8C195B0F8CB" box="[895,973,1885,1909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" value="2003-01">I-2003</date>
. L Dias [1♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFD44D266F40F8C192CCF8CB" box="[1117,1201,1885,1909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Espírito Santo [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFD44D266E6DF8C193EBF8CB" box="[1392,1430,1885,1909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
, 2♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFD44D266BDCF81D977AF827" box="[193,263,1921,1945]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wzbt-fxwr" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">IRSN</collectionCode>
];
<emphasis id="B9226431FFD44D266A04F81C97B9F827" bold="true" box="[281,452,1920,1945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Minas Gerais:</emphasis>
Belo Horizonte. Parque Estadual Rola-Moça.
<geoCoordinate id="EE62DEE4FFD44D2668D3F81C9257F827" box="[974,1066,1920,1945]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" precision="925" value="-19.833334">19º50’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE62DEE4FFD44D266F2BF81C92E6F827" box="[1078,1179,1920,1945]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" precision="925" value="-43.833332">43º50’W</geoCoordinate>
, 900 mosl.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFD44D266E01F81D9303F827" box="[1308,1406,1921,1945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" value="1998-11">XI-1998</date>
. R Durães [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFD44D266BEAF8389763F803" box="[247,286,1956,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="generic">6♂</specimenCount>
, 10♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFD44D266A7AF83997C6F803" box="[359,443,1957,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Lavras. Reserva Biológica Municipal do Poço Bonito. Interior de
<collectingCountry id="F341F8B3FFD44D266FD7F8399379F802" box="[1226,1284,1957,1980]" name="Malta" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Mata</collectingCountry>
Ciliar.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFD44D266E41F83996AFF85F" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" value="1992-05-29">29-V- 1992</date>
. Friero &amp; Costa [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFD44D266A85F85597C3F85F" box="[408,446,1993,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, 1♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFD44D266AEBF8559437F85F" box="[502,586,1993,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Lavras.
<geoCoordinate id="EE62DEE4FFD44D2669A5F8549540F85F" box="[696,829,1992,2017]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" precision="15" value="-21.320835">21º19’15”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE62DEE4FFD44D266854F85495AAF85F" box="[841,983,1992,2017]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" precision="15" value="-44.99278">44º59’34”W</geoCoordinate>
. MR Rocha &amp; DHT Takahashi [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFD44D266E5BF8559316F85F" box="[1350,1387,1993,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, 3♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFDB4D296B8AFF049696FF0E" box="[151,235,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Lavras,
<collectingCountry id="F341F8B3FFDB4D296A45FF0497EFFF11" box="[344,402,152,175]" name="Malta" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Mata</collectingCountry>
do Capivari.
<geoCoordinate id="EE62DEE4FFDB4D296936FF0B94D2FF0E" box="[555,687,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" precision="15" value="-21.273611">21º16’25”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE62DEE4FFDB4D2969A6FF0B9534FF0E" box="[699,841,151,176]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" precision="15" value="-44.2825">44º16’57”W</geoCoordinate>
.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFDB4D296849FF0495C2FF0E" box="[852,959,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" value="2001-12">XII-2001</date>
. G Schiffler [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFDB4D296F4BFF0492F6FF0E" box="[1110,1163,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" type="generic">12♂</specimenCount>
, 10♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFDB4D296FDFFF049361FF0E" box="[1218,1308,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Lavras.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFDB4D296E94FF0496AFFF6A" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" value="1997-01">I- 1997</date>
. JNC Louzada [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFDB4D296A8EFF2097C5FF6A" box="[403,440,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
, 1♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFDB4D296AE5FF209431FF6A" box="[504,588,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Lagoa Bonita. Evangelista (year??) [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFDB4D296F0DFF209249FF6A" box="[1040,1076,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFDB4D296F22FF2092EEFF6A" box="[1087,1171,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Marliéria.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFDB4D296E39FF209306FF6A" box="[1316,1403,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" value="1994-02">II-1994</date>
, E Grossi [1♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFDB4D296A3CFF7C9708FF46" box="[289,373,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; São João Evangelista.
<geoCoordinate id="EE62DEE4FFDB4D296992FF7C956FFF46" box="[655,786,224,248]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" precision="15" value="-18.553055">18º33’11”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE62DEE4FFDB4D29683CFF4395D3FF46" box="[801,942,223,248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" precision="15" value="-42.899445">42º53’58”W</geoCoordinate>
, 898 mosl.
<collectingCountry id="F341F8B3FFDB4D296F25FF7C9208FF49" box="[1080,1141,224,247]" name="Malta" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Mata</collectingCountry>
.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFDB4D296F9EFF7C9284FF46" box="[1155,1273,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" value="2011-04-02">2-IV-2011</date>
. Rain Season.
<collectingCountry id="F341F8B3FFDB4D296B8AFE999697FEA2" box="[151,234,261,284]" name="Oman" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Human</collectingCountry>
dung. RN Mota [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFDB4D296AA7FE98979CFEA2" box="[442,481,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
, 2♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFDB4D296900FE98940CFEA2" box="[541,625,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Nova Lima.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFDB4D296804FE9895F8FEA2" box="[793,901,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" value="1998-12">XII-1998</date>
. GLD Leite [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFDB4D296F3FFE98923BFEA2" box="[1058,1094,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFDB4D296F4DFE9892D9FEA2" box="[1104,1188,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">CEMT</collectionCode>
]; Caraça.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFDB4D296E05FE989307FEA2" box="[1304,1402,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" value="1993-11">XI-1993</date>
. A Bello [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFDB4D296BF5FEB49772FEFE" box="[232,271,296,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" type="generic">8♂</specimenCount>
, 3♀
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFDB4D296A4CFEB497D8FEFE" box="[337,421,296,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">CEMT</collectionCode>
];
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296AA1FEBB943FFEFE" bold="true" box="[444,578,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">São Paulo:</emphasis>
Anhembi. Fazenda Barreiro Rico. Meat trap.
<date id="FFE89EE3FFDB4D296F72FEBB92ACFEFE" box="[1135,1233,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" value="1995-11">XI-1995</date>
. WD Edmonds /
<taxonomicName id="4C56C3A0FFDB4D296B8AFED0941DFEDB" authority="(Felsche) P. Pereira" authorityName="(Felsche) P. Pereira" box="[151,608,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296B8AFED0970BFEDA" box="[151,374,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Dichotomius affinis</emphasis>
(Felsche) P. Pereira
</taxonomicName>
(det) (this label only with the male [
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFDB4D296F0BFED09246FEDA" box="[1046,1083,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, 3♀].
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296F94FED092B6FEDB" bold="true" box="[1161,1227,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Pará:</emphasis>
Belém
<date id="FFE89EE3FFDB4D296E37FED093E4FEDB" box="[1322,1433,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" value="1966-02-01">1-II-1966</date>
. Anonymous leg.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296A4AFEF3943EFE36" bold="true" box="[343,579,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">(surely misslabeled)</emphasis>
[
<specimenCount id="9D5073AAFFDB4D29694EFEEC940AFE36" box="[595,631,368,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED4720E6FFDB4D296963FEEC94AFFE36" box="[638,722,368,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">CEMT</collectionCode>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34CEBA8FFDB4D296BDAFE0894D9F95E" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE9B823FFDB4D296BDAFE089320FDA6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296BDAFE08973CFE13" bold="true" box="[199,321,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C56C3A0FFDB4D296A54FE08945BFE12" box="[329,550,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296A54FE08945BFE12" box="[329,550,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Dichotomius affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is separated of the other species in the group by the following combination of characters: males cephalic carina with at most 1/3 the maximum width of the head and emarginated medially (
<figureCitation id="136DA4A6FFDB4D296E76FE2B96DBFE4A" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1161,1183]" captionTargetBox="[283,1286,192,1138]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[281,1292,179,1139]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dichotomius affinis (Felsche). A. dorsal habitus of the male; B. dorsal habitus of the female; C. fronto-lateral view of the male head and pronotum; D. dorsal view of the paramera; E. lateral view of the aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264979/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Figs 4</figureCitation>
A–C); females cephalic carina very low, bearing a pair of acute tubercles (
<figureCitation id="136DA4A6FFDB4D296F20FE4092F5FE4A" box="[1085,1160,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1161,1183]" captionTargetBox="[283,1286,192,1138]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[281,1292,179,1139]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dichotomius affinis (Felsche). A. dorsal habitus of the male; B. dorsal habitus of the female; C. fronto-lateral view of the male head and pronotum; D. dorsal view of the paramera; E. lateral view of the aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264979/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B); non-bifurcated lobe delimiting males pronotal disc anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="136DA4A6FFDB4D296973FE6394CCFDA6" box="[622,689,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1161,1183]" captionTargetBox="[283,1286,192,1138]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[281,1292,179,1139]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dichotomius affinis (Felsche). A. dorsal habitus of the male; B. dorsal habitus of the female; C. fronto-lateral view of the male head and pronotum; D. dorsal view of the paramera; E. lateral view of the aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264979/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A); elytral interstriae striated on sides and apex (
<figureCitation id="136DA4A6FFDB4D296FCCFE639365FDA6" box="[1233,1304,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1161,1183]" captionTargetBox="[283,1286,192,1138]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[281,1292,179,1139]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dichotomius affinis (Felsche). A. dorsal habitus of the male; B. dorsal habitus of the female; C. fronto-lateral view of the male head and pronotum; D. dorsal view of the paramera; E. lateral view of the aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264979/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Figs 4</figureCitation>
A–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE9B823FFDB4D296BDAFDB894B7F9B6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296BDAFDB8976BFD83" bold="true" box="[199,278,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Males.</emphasis>
Length:
<quantity id="4CAE15C6FFDB4D296A99FDB89478FD82" box="[388,517,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
. Maximum width (pronotum):
<quantity id="4CAE15C6FFDB4D296868FDB8958BFD82" box="[885,1014,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
. Dorsal surface black, shining. Red pilosity on ventral surface.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296AD4FDDB946FFDDE" bold="true" box="[457,530,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Head:</emphasis>
clypeal surface almost smooth with few indications of lateral striations. Clypeus with a central emargination separating two rounded clypeal teeth. Clypeal margin more distinct at the clypeal teeth. Ventral clypeal process bifurcated. Clypeo-genal junction not angulated, feebly emarginated. Cephalic carina as wide as tall, usually emarginated medially and never exceeding one third maximum width of the head. Interocular space shining, smooth and lacking punctures. Clypeo-genal suture distinct. Antennal club with light red tumescence.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296A34FD6097D6FCAB" bold="true" box="[297,427,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Pronotum:</emphasis>
wider than long, width equal to that of elytra. Pronotal disc shining and smooth, lacking deep punctures and having, at most, only a few dispersed fine punctures (
<date id="FFE89EE3FFDB4D2968D1FCBC9587FC86" box="[972,1018,800,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" value="1920-10">20x</date>
). Simple lobe delimiting the pronotal disc anteriorly. Longitudinal grove (sulcus) absent or very weakly impressed. Deep and coarse punctures restricted to the anterior angles and anterior declivity. Two rows of elliptical ocellate puncture present close to the posterior margin of pronotum.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296A95FC10945DFC1B" bold="true" box="[392,544,908,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Hypomeron:</emphasis>
anterior portion bearing a well-defined excavation that is delimited by a dense brush of setae. External band of the excavation bearing long setae with almost the same length of the setae on the excavation and that can be seen on dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D2969B0FC489538FC53" bold="true" box="[685,837,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Prosternum:</emphasis>
bearing equally spaced ocellate setigerous punctures. Setae short, reaching at most 1/5 the length of metasternal pilosity.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296899FC6B924CFBAE" bold="true" box="[900,1073,1015,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Mesosternum:</emphasis>
strongly narrowed medially and covered by ocellate setigerous punctures. Setae short, reaching at most 1/5 the length of metasternal pilosity.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296B8AFBA39724FBE6" bold="true" box="[151,345,1087,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Mesepisternum:</emphasis>
fully covered by ocellate setigerous punctures. Pilosity dense, setae with the same length of those of the metasternum. Upper margin of the posterior portion with a triangular projection that almost reaches the pseudoepipleuron.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296A68FB1B945DFB1E" bold="true" box="[373,544,1159,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Metasternum:</emphasis>
mesometasternal suture distinct. Pilosity dense and covering mainly the metasternal suture. Setigerous punctures restricted mainly to the margins of the mestasternal lobe but encroaching onto middle of this lobe after its midpoint. Longitudinal sulcus present, terminating in posterior concavity which bears small ocellate setigerous punctures.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296962FB6894A9FAB3" bold="true" box="[639,724,1268,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Elytra:</emphasis>
shining, interstriae convex, smooth with fine punctures (
<date id="FFE89EE3FFDB4D296E72FB6893F2FAB2" box="[1391,1423,1268,1292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">8x</date>
). Discal striae with ocellate punctures separated by diameter of a single puncture.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296F30FA8B9213FA8E" bold="true" box="[1069,1134,1303,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Legs:</emphasis>
apex of the anterior tibiae bearing a tuft of setae. Anterior calcar spatulate. Anterior tibiae tridentate, teeth confined to apical one half of lateral margin. Apex of the metatibiae bearing a medial tooth (
<figureCitation id="136DA4A6FFDB4D29687BFAC395DAFAC6" box="[870,935,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1823,1845]" captionTargetBox="[285,1299,465,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[280,1312,447,1802]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagnostics characters of Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) assifer species-group. A – B. excavation of the anterior portion of the hypomeron indicated by the white arrows; C. setae concentrated at the sides of abdominal sternites indicated by the black arrows. The sixth abdominal sternite, wider than the other sternites and bearing a central knob; D. medial tooth at the apex of hind tibiae indicated by the black arrow; E. pronotal disc surface showing well defined punctures typical on D. affinis, D. angeloi sp. nov. and D. machadoi; F. pronotal disc surface generally lacking punctures, smooth and shining, typical of D. assifer and D. louzadai sp. nov.; G. smooth and shining elytral interstriae disc, typical of D. assifer and D. louzadai sp. nov.; H. wrinkled interstriae disc, typical of D. affinis, D. machadoi and D. angeloi sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264976/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). Ventral surface of the profemur bearing ocellate setigerous punctures; setae as long as those found on the margins and similar punctures present marginally on the meso and metafemur. Tarsi densely covered by setae.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296859FA3B95C4FA7E" bold="true" box="[836,953,1447,1472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Abdomen</emphasis>
: sixth sternite strongly narrowed medially. Setigerous punctures present on sides near the anterior margin.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D29687CFA5095A0FA5B" bold="true" box="[865,989,1484,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Pygidium:</emphasis>
as long as wide, bearing fine punctures equally spaced (
<date id="FFE89EE3FFDB4D296A50FA6C9711F9B6" box="[333,364,1520,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">8x</date>
).
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296A9DFA73947CF9B6" bold="true" box="[384,513,1519,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Paramera:</emphasis>
as on
<figureCitation id="136DA4A6FFDB4D296954FA7394F2F9B6" box="[585,655,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1161,1183]" captionTargetBox="[283,1286,192,1138]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[281,1292,179,1139]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dichotomius affinis (Felsche). A. dorsal habitus of the male; B. dorsal habitus of the female; C. fronto-lateral view of the male head and pronotum; D. dorsal view of the paramera; E. lateral view of the aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264979/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Figs 4</figureCitation>
D–E.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE9B823FFDB4D296BDAF98894D9F95E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296BDAF988978EF993" bold="true" box="[199,499,1556,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Morphological variation.</emphasis>
Body length varies from
<quantity id="4CAE15C6FFDB4D296807F98895E9F992" box="[794,916,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="14.0">14–20 mm</quantity>
and pronotum width from
<quantity id="4CAE15C6FFDB4D296FD7F9889344F992" box="[1226,1337,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 mm</quantity>
. Smaller males of
<taxonomicName id="4C56C3A0FFDB4D296BE1F9A59719F9EE" box="[252,356,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296BE1F9A59719F9EE" box="[252,356,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">D. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have less developed pronotal lobe and cephalic carina. Females (
<figureCitation id="136DA4A6FFDB4D296F26F9AB9203F9EE" box="[1083,1150,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1161,1183]" captionTargetBox="[283,1286,192,1138]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[281,1292,179,1139]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dichotomius affinis (Felsche). A. dorsal habitus of the male; B. dorsal habitus of the female; C. fronto-lateral view of the male head and pronotum; D. dorsal view of the paramera; E. lateral view of the aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264979/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B) bear denser and longer pilosity on the ventral surface and are distinguished of the males as follows
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D2968FFF9C09256F9CB" bold="true" box="[994,1067,1628,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Head:</emphasis>
cephalic carina absent or very ill defined, when it is absent, than there is a pair of acute tubercles.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296869F9E3958BF926" bold="true" box="[884,1014,1663,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Pronotum:</emphasis>
lacking anterior declivities and lobes and bearing equally spaced deep punctures. Pronotal longitudinal sulcus ill-defined.
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296F45F93892A8F903" bold="true" box="[1112,1237,1700,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Abdomen:</emphasis>
sixth sternite not shortened medially and bearing a central knob.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34CEBA8FFDB4D296BDAF970937BF896" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE9B823FFDB4D296BDAF970937BF896" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B9226431FFDB4D296BDAF970971DF8BB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1772,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Distribution.</emphasis>
A narrow distribution that includes the states of Espírito Santo, São Paulo and Minas Gerais (
<figureCitation id="136DA4A6FFDB4D296B82F8939699F896" box="[159,228,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[340,1240,700,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[340,1247,700,1417]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution map of species in the Dichotomius (L uederwaldtinia) assifer species-group." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264982/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), in a formation called by Ab'Saber (1966) as &quot;Mar de Morros&quot; (&quot;Sea of Hills&quot; in Portuguese).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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