651 lines
76 KiB
XML
651 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="7D3BF2D8D6E9FA5802171C3C1B115939" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.197801" ID-GBIF-Dataset="331a14f2-8a67-4a9c-9f3c-151734726a89" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="197801" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460279033708" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kok, Philippe J. R." docDate="2010" docId="03D71055C9486C01FF6634DDFA88FD14" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02611p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2611" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chironius challenger Kok, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFEE682DC9496C08FFF13028FF82FF95" masterDocTitle="A new species of Chironius Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from the Pantepui region, northeastern South America" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698249159051" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="57DD9BFF2454D948259C1A353DCACC5D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BC94DBAE64903B0EB66A7B8220D3BFCD">
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<mods:title id="C4969D9E3BB1683D508FA5EF7F728711">A new species of Chironius Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from the Pantepui region, northeastern South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="CDD0EA3F406B717EE02DA448342364BD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="50F2BFF1EBCD080E8BFF7710CF970240">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0990C3F3834B6C963A88C7D0DADB3B1C">Kok, Philippe J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2F35DBF6A4C27AEC768BE1350E08675B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="811CE51CD5827039DB90DE76E349962D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6C88E3E2404855A207BFFA3BAD1A35E3">
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<mods:date id="073A171C7D8D72D3449042A647DF14A9">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="621AE240BD19176C5F4888FB47C22E76" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7A0EC22118DEE474BD05092E6F831A9B">2611</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E75BC5997BB02578559181BEAE413343">31</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F0D47FA92C46E102E63E0D1A363BEE0F">44</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="9A90C4ED0237F7E5B39E7A7C1BFDEF1C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9F9355787D68B28CE67DAB8A24EB4E20" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.197801</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="337A9ED3B26F8041322913AAFE263F38" type="GBIF-Dataset">331a14f2-8a67-4a9c-9f3c-151734726a89</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2BF7057043C43252A489BE02E6628683" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="06439562B9636ED20D200C5150289B3D" type="Zenodo-Dep">197801</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D71055C9486C01FF6634DDFA88FD14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5630130" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119396500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5630130" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D71055C9486C01FF6634DDFA88FD14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D71055C9486C01FF6634DDFA88FD14" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="C364F2C8C9486C09FF6634DDFD35FAA7" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9486C09FF6634DDFE7FFA9A" blockId="1.[151,695,1269,1330]" box="[151,509,1269,1295]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="D089162FC9486C09FF6634DDFE7FFA9A" bold="true" box="[151,509,1269,1295]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9486C09FF6634DDFE7FFA9A" bold="true" box="[151,509,1269,1295]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C9486C09FF6634DDFE1BFA9A" box="[151,409,1269,1295]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9486C09FF6634DDFE1BFA9A" bold="true" box="[151,409,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Chironius challenger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC9486C09FE5134DDFE7FFA9A" box="[416,509,1269,1295]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9486C09FF663530FD35FAA7" blockId="1.[151,695,1269,1330]" box="[151,695,1304,1330]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1345BDC6C9486C09FF6E3530FF72FAA7" box="[159,240,1304,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1208,1232]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,333,1200]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,333,1201]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Chironius challenger sp. nov. A: Dorsolateral view of the holotype in life (IRSNB 2659, 720 mm TTL). B: Ventral view of the anaesthetized holotype. C: Dorsal view of the preserved holotype. D: Ventral view of the preserved holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197802/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1345BDC6C9486C09FF0E3530FE8CFAA7" box="[255,270,1304,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head and neck region of Chironius challenger sp. nov. compared to C. fuscus (female specimens similar in size, 720 and 707 mm TTL, respectively). A: Lateral view of head of C. challenger sp. nov. holotype (IRSNB 2659). B: Dorsal view of head of C. challenger sp. nov. holotype. C: Ventral view of head of C. challenger sp. nov. holotype. D: Lateral view of head of C. fuscus (MHNLS 18627). E: Dorsal view of head of C. fuscus. F: Ventral view of head of C. fuscus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197803/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">2</figureCitation>
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A–C, 3 A–D, 4 D, 6, 7;
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<tableCitation id="C6FC94F8C9486C09FDDF3530FD12FAA7" box="[558,656,1304,1330]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,450,474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1382,661,1879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements and scalation for Chironius challenger sp. nov. Abbreviations are defined in the text. Holotype IRSNB 2659 MHNLS 16088 BMNH 1976.235 ROM 42603" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF01F1CBC9406C01FF6631EAFABCFD99" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="DF01F1CBC9406C01FF6631EAFABCFD99">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6FC94F8C9486C09FD6F3530FD2CFAA7" box="[670,686,1304,1330]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,241,743,767]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,869,1479]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparative characters of Chironius challenger sp. nov. and C. fuscus from the eastern Pantepui region. Abbreviations are defined in the text. * one female with incomplete tail." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF01F1CBC9426C03FF6632CFFC15FC8A" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="DF01F1CBC9426C03FF6632CFFC15FC8A">2</tableCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C364F2C8C9486C09FF66354AFC37FA2C" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9486C09FF66354AFC29FA0C" blockId="1.[151,1000,1378,1465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6E866DC9486C09FF66354AFC29FA0C" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C9486C09FF66354AFD8BFAEC" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,521,1378,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
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<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9486C09FF66354AFEC8FAEC" box="[151,330,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Chironius fuscus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADF8752C9486C09FDE5354AFCB1FAEC" author="Magdefrau" box="[532,819,1378,1401]" page="22" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEFDCB2C9486C09FDE5354AFC8CFAEC" author="Magdefrau" box="[532,782,1378,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Magdefrau, H., Magdefrau, K. & Schluter, A. (1991) Herpetologische Daten vom Guaiquinima-Tepui, Venezuela. Herpetofauna, 13 (70), 13 - 26." type="journal article" year="1991">
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Mägdefrau
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<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9486C09FD61354AFD3DFAEC" box="[656,703,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
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. (1991
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 22
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
–24, figs. 22a, b)
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<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C9486C09FF6635AAFDD2FA0C" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,592,1410,1433]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscus" subSpecies="fuscus">
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<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9486C09FF6635AAFE11FA0C" box="[151,403,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Chironius fuscus fuscus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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in part;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADF8752C9486C09FD5835AAFC21FA0C" author="Dixon" box="[681,931,1410,1433]" page="114" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" year="1993">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFDCB2C9486C09FD5835AAFCF3FA0C" author="Dixon" box="[681,881,1410,1433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Dixon, J. R., Wiest, Jr, J. A. & Cei, J. M. (1993) Revision of the Neotropical Snake Genus Chironius Fitzinger (Serpentes, Colubridae). Monografie XIII. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy, 279 pp." type="book" year="1993">
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||
Dixon
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||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9486C09FD0235AAFCA0FA0C" box="[755,802,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (1993
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 114
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
)
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9486C09FF66358AFC37FA2C" blockId="1.[151,1000,1378,1465]" box="[151,949,1442,1465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C9486C09FF66358AFD88FA2C" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,522,1442,1465]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
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<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9486C09FF66358AFEC8FA2C" box="[151,330,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Chironius fuscus</emphasis>
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||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFDCB2C9486C09FDE4358AFC37FA2C" author="Myers" box="[533,949,1442,1465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Myers, C. W. & Donnelly, M. A. (2008) The summit herpetofauna of Auyantepui, Venezuela: report from the Robert G. Goelet American Museum - Terramar Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 308, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2008">Myers & Donnelly (2008: 121, fig. 73)</bibRefCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C364F2C8C9486C09FF6635CFFBA6F977" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9486C09FF6635CFFDAFF9D9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1511,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9486C09FF6635CFFE94F994" bold="true" box="[151,278,1511,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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||
<typeStatus id="54C51FE1C9486C09FF6635CFFE93F994" box="[151,273,1511,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED6F3986C9486C09FEEE35C0FEFBF997" box="[287,377,1512,1538]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8" name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">IRSNB</collectionCode>
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2659 (field number PK 2017), a subadult female collected by Philippe J. R. Kok,
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<date id="FFC08783C9486C09FA8F35C0FED6F9B2" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" value="2007-11-25">25 November 2007</date>
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at 10h45, southeastern slope of Maringma Tepui, Cuyuni-Mazaruni District,
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<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C9486C09FB283625FAB6F9B2" box="[1241,1332,1549,1575]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4AC784C9486C09FAB53625FF2DF9D9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" precision="925" value="5.2">05° 12’ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4AC784C9486C09FF4A361AFEC6F9D9" box="[187,324,1586,1612]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" precision="925" value="-60.583332">060° 35’ W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<quantity id="4C860CA6C9486C09FEA1361AFE2BF9D9" box="[336,425,1586,1612]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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elevation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9486C09FF34367FFBA6F977" blockId="1.[151,1437,1511,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9486C09FF34367FFE52F9E4" bold="true" box="[197,464,1623,1649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
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||
<collectionCode id="ED6F3986C9486C09FE283670FDB6F9E7" box="[473,564,1624,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1976.235, adult female collected by Adrian Warren,
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<date id="FFC08783C9486C09FB3F3670FA1AF9E7" box="[1230,1432,1624,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" value="1974-08-17">17 August 1974</date>
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||
, southern side of Auyantepui,
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||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C9486C09FE003655FDC8F902" box="[497,586,1661,1687]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.088" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="2088.0">2088 m</quantity>
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||
elevation,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C9486C09FD3A3655FCC5F902" box="[715,839,1661,1687]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
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||
<collectionCode id="ED6F3986C9486C09FCA23655FC14F902" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" box="[851,918,1661,1687]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">ROM</collectionCode>
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||
42603, juvenile collected by Samir Khan,
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||
<date id="FFC08783C9486C09FA7C3655FED8F929" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" value="2004-11-02">2 November 2004</date>
|
||
, Mount Wokomung,
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C9486C09FDA6368AFD33F929" box="[599,689,1698,1724]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C9486C09FCC7368AFC14F929" box="[822,918,1698,1724]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6F3986C9486C09FC53368AFB8BF929" box="[930,1033,1698,1724]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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||
16088, subadult female collected by Gilson Rivas,
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||
<date id="FFC08783C9486C09FE9336E0FDA5F977" box="[354,551,1736,1762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" value="2002-02-08">8 February 2002</date>
|
||
, Auyantepui,
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C9486C09FD3B36E0FCA1F977" box="[714,803,1736,1762]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C9486C09FC5536E0FBA2F977" box="[932,1056,1736,1762]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C364F2C8C9486C0AFF3436C5FDFAF860" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9486C09FF3436C5FC41F857" blockId="1.[151,1437,1511,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9486C09FF3436C5FED1F892" bold="true" box="[197,339,1773,1799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is considered to be a noun in apposition and refers to Professor George Edward
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C9486C09FF08373AFEF9F8B9" box="[249,379,1810,1836]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger">Challenger</taxonomicName>
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||
, the fictional main character of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's famous novel "The Lost World" published in 1912. "The Lost World" depicts an epic expedition to an isolated tepui in the middle of the tropical jungle of northern South
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||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C9486C09FDED3775FD03F8E2" box="[540,641,1885,1911]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">America</collectingCountry>
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||
in search of dinosaur-like creatures and a forgotten civilisation. The reading of Sir Conan Doyle’s novel when I was a child fuelled my thirst for exploration and adventure and positively influenced my research and interest in the Pantepui region.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94B6C0AFF3430BFFDB1FEB7" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFF3430BFFE7CFF24" bold="true" box="[197,510,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFCEB30B0FC0DFF24" box="[794,911,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFCEB30B0FC0DFF24" box="[794,911,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Chironius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
characterized by the following combination of characters: 10 dorsal scale rows at midbody, absence of apical pits and paravertebral keels in female (male unknown), 152–159 ventrals, 99–103 subcaudals, anal plate single, loreal as long as—or slightly longer than—high, 39–41 maxillary teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF01F1CBC94B6C0AFF663490FF7EFA85" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197802/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[151,1436,333,1200]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94B6C0AFF663490FF7EFA85" blockId="2.[151,1436,1208,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFF663490FE9BFB45" bold="true" box="[151,281,1208,1232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFED13491FD81FB45" box="[288,515,1209,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFED13491FD81FB45" box="[288,515,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Chironius challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94B6C0AFDFB3490FDDDFB45" box="[522,607,1208,1232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFDFB3490FDDDFB45" bold="true" box="[522,607,1208,1232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A: Dorsolateral view of the holotype in life (IRSNB 2659, 720 mm TTL). B: Ventral view of the anaesthetized holotype. C: Dorsal view of the preserved holotype. D: Ventral view of the preserved holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94B6C0AFF343513FD13FA7E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1339,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Only five of the 20 currently known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFD853514FD6AFAC0" box="[628,744,1340,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFD853514FD6AFAC0" box="[628,744,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Chironius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species occur in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C94B6C0AFC2C3513FBB0FAC0" box="[989,1074,1339,1365]" name="Guyana" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield (area
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFB3F3514FA8DFAC0" box="[1230,1295,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFDCB2C94B6C0AFAE73513FF57FAEE" author="Avila-Pires" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (2005) Reptiles. In: Hollowell, T., and Reynolds, R. P. (Eds.), Checklist of the terrestrial vertebrates of the Guiana Shield. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 13, pp. 24 - 40." type="journal article" year="2005">Ávila-Pires 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, number of species
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFE303549FE4BFAEF" box="[449,457,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">f</emphasis>
|
||
i
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFE233549FE6CFAEF" box="[466,494,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">de</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFDCB2C94B6C0AFE043549FD05FAEE" author="Hollis" box="[501,647,1377,1403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Hollis, J. L. (2006) Phylogenetics of the genus Chironius Fitzinger, 1826 (Serpentes, Colubridae) based on morphology. Herpetologica, 62 (4), 435 - 453." type="journal article" year="2006">Hollis 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFD6A3549FB80FAEE" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[667,1026,1377,1403]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFD6A3549FCAFFAEF" box="[667,813,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. carinatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFBFE3549FF54FA35" authority="Hoge and Romano, 1969" authorityName="Hoge and Romano" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochranae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFBFE3549FB2CFAEF" box="[1039,1198,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. cochranae</emphasis>
|
||
Hoge and Romano, 1969
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFF1235AFFDC7FA35" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[227,581,1414,1440]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exoletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFF1235AFFEE9FA35" box="[227,363,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. exoletus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFDA335AFFC1EFA35" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[594,924,1414,1440]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFDA335AFFD40FA35" box="[594,706,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFC2F35AFFAB4FA35" authority="Wagler, 1824" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1824" box="[990,1334,1414,1440]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scurrulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFC2F35AFFBF6FA35" box="[990,1140,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. scurrulus</emphasis>
|
||
(Wagler, 1824)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among these species, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFE8A3584FE64FA50" box="[379,486,1452,1477]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFE8A3584FE64FA50" box="[379,486,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFDD13584FD30FA50" box="[544,690,1452,1477]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scurrulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFDD13584FD30FA50" box="[544,690,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. scurrulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have 10 DSR at midbody, a condition shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFB073584FA16FA50" box="[1270,1428,1452,1477]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFB073584FA16FA50" box="[1270,1428,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All other species have 12 DSR at midbody.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94B6C0AFF3435DFFC5EF930" blockId="2.[151,1437,1339,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFF3435DFFE3FF985" box="[197,445,1527,1552]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFF3435DFFE3FF985" box="[197,445,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Chironius challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFCED35DFFC2FF985" box="[796,941,1527,1552]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scurrulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFCED35DFFC2FF985" box="[796,941,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. scurrulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters (characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFF663634FEA8F9A0" box="[151,298,1564,1589]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scurrulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFF663634FEA8F9A0" box="[151,298,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. scurrulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in parentheses): absence of apical pits (present, at least on neck), loreal as high as long or only slightly longer than high (distinctly longer than high), juveniles brownish with lighter crossbands (uniform green in life, blue-black in preservative), adults brownish with lighter crossbands (red or reddish brown in life, colouration variable in preservative, but never with lighter crossbands).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94B6C0AFF343699FDFAF860" blockId="2.[151,1437,1339,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFF343699FE3CF95F" box="[197,446,1713,1738]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFF343699FE3CF95F" box="[197,446,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Chironius challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mostly distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFCEC3699FC0BF95F" box="[797,905,1713,1738]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFCEC3699FC0BF95F" box="[797,905,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters (characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFA703699FF67F965" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFA703699FF67F965" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in parentheses): absence of apical pits (present, at least on neck), absence of paravertebral keels (usually present, even if faint in females), loreal as high as long or only slightly longer than high (distinctly longer than high), higher number of ventrals - minimum
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94B6C0AFCB83709FC15F8AE" box="[841,919,1825,1851]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8608" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="152.0">152 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFC6E3709FBC6F8AF" box="[927,1092,1825,1850]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFC6E3709FBC6F8AF" box="[927,1092,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(maximum
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94B6C0AFB293709FAA6F8AE" box="[1240,1316,1825,1851]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7845999999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="149.0">149 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFADC3709FA1EF8AF" box="[1325,1436,1825,1850]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFADC3709FA1EF8AF" box="[1325,1436,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C94B6C0AFEF6376EFEDCF8F5" box="[263,350,1862,1888]" name="Guyana" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield), shorter tail - 30–31% TTL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFCC9376FFC5FF8F5" box="[824,989,1863,1888]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFCC9376FFC5FF8F5" box="[824,989,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(34–37% TTL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFB4D376FFAA9F8F5" box="[1212,1323,1863,1888]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFB4D376FFAA9F8F5" box="[1212,1323,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C94B6C0AFF663743FF6CF810" box="[151,238,1899,1925]" name="Guyana" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield), lower number of subcaudals - maximum
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94B6C0AFCA13743FC1EF810" box="[848,924,1899,1925]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6162" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="103.0">103 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFC543744FBCBF810" box="[933,1097,1900,1925]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFC543744FBCBF810" box="[933,1097,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(minimum
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94B6C0AFB283743FAA6F810" box="[1241,1316,1899,1925]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9972" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="118.0">118 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94B6C0AFADC3744FA1EF810" box="[1325,1436,1900,1925]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94B6C0AFADC3744FA1EF810" box="[1325,1436,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C94B6C0AFEF937B9FEDDF83E" box="[264,351,1937,1963]" name="Guyana" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield), infralabials 9 (usually 10), ventrals in adults conspicuously mottled with darker edges (not heavily mottled, no conspicuous darker edge), skin between scales blue in life (white). Further comparisons are given in the Discussion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF01F1CBC94A6C0BFF6635C1FF62F914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197803/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1492]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94A6C0BFF6635C1FF62F914" blockId="3.[151,1436,1513,1665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFF6635C1FE9BF994" bold="true" box="[151,281,1513,1537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Head and neck region of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94A6C0BFDDF35C2FC92F994" box="[558,784,1514,1537]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFDDF35C2FC92F994" box="[558,784,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Chironius challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94A6C0BFCE635C1FCEFF994" box="[791,877,1513,1537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFCE635C1FCEFF994" bold="true" box="[791,877,1513,1537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94A6C0BFC0E35C2FBE0F994" box="[1023,1122,1514,1537]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFC0E35C2FBE0F994" box="[1023,1122,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female specimens similar in size, 720 and 707 mm TTL, respectively). A: Lateral view of head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94A6C0BFC713622FB90F9B4" box="[896,1042,1546,1569]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFC713622FB90F9B4" box="[896,1042,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94A6C0BFBE93621FBECF9B4" box="[1048,1134,1545,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFBE93621FBECF9B4" bold="true" box="[1048,1134,1545,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype (IRSNB 2659). B: Dorsal view of head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94A6C0BFE673602FDAAF9D4" box="[406,552,1578,1601]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFE673602FDAAF9D4" box="[406,552,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94A6C0BFDC13601FD04F9D4" box="[560,646,1577,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFDC13601FD04F9D4" bold="true" box="[560,646,1577,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype. C: Ventral view of head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94A6C0BFBEF3602FB32F9D4" box="[1054,1200,1578,1601]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFBEF3602FB32F9D4" box="[1054,1200,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94A6C0BFB493601FA8CF9D4" box="[1208,1294,1577,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFB493601FA8CF9D4" bold="true" box="[1208,1294,1577,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype. D: Lateral view of head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94A6C0BFE6D3662FE7DF9F4" box="[412,511,1610,1633]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFE6D3662FE7DF9F4" box="[412,511,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNLS 18627). E: Dorsal view of head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94A6C0BFC1F3662FBD3F9F4" box="[1006,1105,1610,1633]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFC1F3662FBD3F9F4" box="[1006,1105,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. F: Ventral view of head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94A6C0BFA723662FF58F914" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFA723662FF58F914" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C364F2C8C94A6C0FFF343687FEA3FE2F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94A6C0DFF343687FD86F92B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1711,1998]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,1249,2024]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94A6C0BFF343687FDA0F95C" bold="true" box="[197,546,1711,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C51FE1C94A6C0BFE5E3687FD9FF95C" box="[431,541,1711,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A subadult female (according to oviduct development), in good condition, TTL
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94A6C0BFF2636FCFEBDF97B" box="[215,319,1748,1774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="720.0">720 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94A6C0BFE7C36FCFE77F97B" box="[397,501,1748,1774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94A6C0BFDC136FCFD17F97B" box="[560,661,1748,1774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="220.0">220 mm</quantity>
|
||
(30.6% TTL); head well distinct from neck, narrow anteriorly, widest at temporal region, HW 54.8% of HL; snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view, SL
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94A6C0BFB3636D2FAA7F881" box="[1223,1317,1786,1812]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; eye large (EL
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94A6C0BFF3F3737FEADF8AC" box="[206,303,1823,1849]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), pupil round, EN 19.3% HL; rostral large, broader than long (width about 1.8 times height), visible from above; internasals squarish, as broad as long, slightly smaller than prefrontals, laterally in contact with nasal, their medial suture asymmetrical, noticeably sinistral to the prefrontal medial suture; prefrontals slightly larger than internasals, width 1.5 times length, irregularly hexagonal, separated from eye by preocular and supraocular; frontal pentagonal, bell-shaped, longer than wide, 3.0 times length of medial prefrontal suture; parietals large, length 1.5 times maximal width, medial suture of parietals and length of frontal equal; 5 postcephalic scales. Nasal scale partially divided dorsally and ventrally, posterior part as long as, but slightly higher than, anterior part; preocular 1/1, separated from frontal by prefrontal-subocular contact; loreal slightly longer than high (height 93% length), in contact with nasal, prefrontal, preocular, second and third supralabials, separated from orbit by preocular; suboculars absent; postocular 1/1; temporals 2+2/1+1, supralabials 9/9, sixth largest, first contacting nasal, second contacting nasal and loreal, third contacting loreal and in point contact with preocular, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering orbit, sixth in point contact with postocular and contacting anterior temporal, seventh and eighth contacting anterior temporal, ninth contacting anterior and posterior temporals; infralabials 9/9, first seven in contact with genials, first pair meeting at ventral midline, separating mental from genials; 2 pairs of genials, the first shorter. Maxillary teeth 39. Dorsal scales in
|
||
<date id="FFC08783C94C6C0DFF47367EFEA3F9E5" box="[182,289,1622,1648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" value="1910-10-10">10-10-10</date>
|
||
rows, smooth without apical pits, a few weak anal ridges laterally above cloacal region; ventrals 159; caudal scale row reduction from 6 to 4 rows occurs at the 5th subcaudal; anal single; divided subcaudals 103 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345BDC6C94C6C0DFF22368CFEA6F92B" box="[211,292,1700,1726]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1208,1232]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,333,1200]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,333,1201]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Chironius challenger sp. nov. A: Dorsolateral view of the holotype in life (IRSNB 2659, 720 mm TTL). B: Ventral view of the anaesthetized holotype. C: Dorsal view of the preserved holotype. D: Ventral view of the preserved holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197802/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345BDC6C94C6C0DFEC3368CFEC3F92B" box="[306,321,1700,1726]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head and neck region of Chironius challenger sp. nov. compared to C. fuscus (female specimens similar in size, 720 and 707 mm TTL, respectively). A: Lateral view of head of C. challenger sp. nov. holotype (IRSNB 2659). B: Dorsal view of head of C. challenger sp. nov. holotype. C: Ventral view of head of C. challenger sp. nov. holotype. D: Lateral view of head of C. fuscus (MHNLS 18627). E: Dorsal view of head of C. fuscus. F: Ventral view of head of C. fuscus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197803/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C, 3 A, 4 D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF01F1CBC94D6C0CFF663723FA04F876" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197804/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[226,1367,197,1781]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94D6C0CFF663723FA04F876" blockId="4.[151,1437,1803,2019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFF663723FE9BF8B6" bold="true" box="[151,281,1803,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Enlarged lateral views of heads of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94D6C0CFD653724FCF4F8B6" box="[660,886,1804,1827]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFD653724FCF4F8B6" box="[660,886,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Chironius challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94D6C0CFC8C3723FC51F8B6" box="[893,979,1803,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFC8C3723FC51F8B6" bold="true" box="[893,979,1803,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94D6C0CFB973724FB4AF8B6" box="[1126,1224,1804,1827]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFB973724FB4AF8B6" box="[1126,1224,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing difference in loreal proportions (in red), and supralabials pattern (indicated by black arrow). A:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94D6C0CFBB13704FB54F8D6" box="[1088,1238,1836,1859]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFBB13704FB54F8D6" box="[1088,1238,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94D6C0CFB2C3703FAB7F8D6" box="[1245,1333,1835,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFB2C3703FAB7F8D6" bold="true" box="[1245,1333,1835,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype from Maringma Tepui, Guyana (IRSNB 2659). B:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94D6C0CFD353764FCDBF8F6" box="[708,857,1868,1891]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFD353764FCDBF8F6" box="[708,857,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94D6C0CFC913763FC3AF8F6" box="[864,952,1867,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFC913763FC3AF8F6" bold="true" box="[864,952,1867,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Mount Wokomung, Guyana (juvenile, ROM 42603). C:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94D6C0CFEA43744FE65F816" box="[341,487,1900,1923]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFEA43744FE65F816" box="[341,487,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94D6C0CFE1E3743FDC7F816" box="[495,581,1899,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFE1E3743FDC7F816" bold="true" box="[495,581,1899,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Auyantepui, Venezuela (MHNLS 16088). D:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94D6C0CFB803744FA81F816" box="[1137,1283,1900,1923]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFB803744FA81F816" box="[1137,1283,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94D6C0CFAFA3743FAE3F816" box="[1291,1377,1899,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFAFA3743FAE3F816" bold="true" box="[1291,1377,1899,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Auyantepui, Venezuela (BMNH 1976.235). E:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94D6C0CFD6D37A4FC83F836" box="[668,769,1932,1955]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFD6D37A4FC83F836" box="[668,769,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype, exact locality unknown (NRM 34, photo by Bodil Kajrup, Swedish Museum of Natural History). F:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94D6C0CFD333784FCABF856" box="[706,809,1964,1987]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFD333784FCABF856" box="[706,809,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana (juvenile, IRSNB 18005). G:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94D6C0CFEE037E4FEF1F876" box="[273,371,1996,2019]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFEE037E4FEF1F876" box="[273,371,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mount Wokomung (ROM 42602). H:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94D6C0CFCBB37E4FC2EF876" box="[842,940,1996,2019]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94D6C0CFCBB37E4FC2EF876" box="[842,940,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Rio Uey, Venezuela (MHNLS 18627).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF01F1CBC94C6C0DFF663413FD47FB26" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1061]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94C6C0DFF663413FD47FB26" blockId="5.[151,1436,1083,1203]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94C6C0DFF663413FE9DFBC6" bold="true" box="[151,287,1083,1107]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94C6C0DFED63414FE61FBC6" box="[295,483,1084,1107]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94C6C0DFED63414FE61FBC6" box="[295,483,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Chironius fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94C6C0DFD8E3414FC9AFBC6" box="[639,792,1084,1107]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94C6C0DFD8E3414FC9AFBC6" box="[639,792,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94C6C0DFCD13413FCF8FBC6" box="[800,890,1083,1107]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94C6C0DFCD13413FCF8FBC6" bold="true" box="[800,890,1083,1107]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in life. A:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94C6C0DFC083414FBE2FBC6" box="[1017,1120,1084,1107]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94C6C0DFC083414FBE2FBC6" box="[1017,1120,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female 1162 mm TTL (tail incomplete) from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana (IRSNB 17980). B:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94C6C0DFC683474FC7FFBE6" box="[921,1021,1116,1139]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94C6C0DFC683474FC7FFBE6" box="[921,1021,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, juvenile 404 mm TTL from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana (IRSNB 18005). C: Same specimen as in A. D:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94C6C0DFC693454FBA8FB06" box="[920,1066,1148,1171]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94C6C0DFC693454FBA8FB06" box="[920,1066,1148,1171]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">C. challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94C6C0DFBC03453FB05FB06" box="[1073,1159,1147,1171]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94C6C0DFBC03453FB05FB06" bold="true" box="[1073,1159,1147,1171]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
female holotype 720 mm TTL from Maringma Tepui, Guyana (IRSNB 2659).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94C6C0EFF3436E1FBD5FF6A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1249,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,152,255]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94C6C0DFF3436E1FDB4F976" bold="true" box="[197,566,1737,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Colour of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C51FE1C94C6C0DFE8536E1FE62F976" box="[372,480,1737,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral body ground colour light brown, darkening posteriorly, with a series of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94C6C0DFEE836C7FEB7F89D" box="[281,309,1775,1800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 31 ill-defined greyish brown transverse bands (1, rarely 2 scales wide) outlined in black. Tail darker brown without conspicuous transverse bands. Dorsal scales with black edges, sometimes slightly peppered with dark brown or black; some dorsal scales yellow anteriorly, especially on anterior body and on lower flank. Skin between scales sky blue. Head light brown, supralabials yellow, with labials 2–3 having dark posterior edges; black postocular stripe from eye across lower part of primary temporal and upper part of ultimate supralabial reaching postcephalic scales then breaking into blotches on the lateral side of ventrals; iris dark copper; tongue black. Underside of head immaculate yellowish white; ventrals immaculate yellow until
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94F6C0EFF2230B3FF6DFF21" box="[211,239,155,180]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. the 36th, then posteriorly bordered by black, mottled with brown and black spots increasing in number posteriorly, becoming almost completely black near the vent; subcaudals similar in colour and pattern, but less heavily mottled by black than the posteriormost ventral scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345BDC6C94F6C0EFC8D30CDFC4FFF6A" box="[892,973,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1208,1232]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,333,1200]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,333,1201]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Chironius challenger sp. nov. A: Dorsolateral view of the holotype in life (IRSNB 2659, 720 mm TTL). B: Ventral view of the anaesthetized holotype. C: Dorsal view of the preserved holotype. D: Ventral view of the preserved holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197802/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B, 4 D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF01F1CBC94F6C0EFF663572FDFAFA44" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197806/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[151,1436,309,1348]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94F6C0EFF663572FDFAFA44" blockId="6.[151,1438,1370,1489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94F6C0EFF663572FE9CFAE7" bold="true" box="[151,286,1370,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of the Pantepui region showing the known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94F6C0EFC153572FB4DFAE4" box="[996,1231,1370,1393]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94F6C0EFC153572FB4DFAE4" box="[996,1231,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Chironius challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94F6C0EFB263572FAB3FAE7" box="[1239,1329,1370,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94F6C0EFB263572FAB3FAE7" bold="true" box="[1239,1329,1370,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: 1 = type locality, Maringma Tepui, Guyana; 2 = Mount Wokomung, Guyana; 3 = Auyantepui, Venezuela; 4 = Guaiquinima Tepui, Venezuela. Map modified from a radar image of South America by NASA/JPL/ NIMA available at http:// photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03388.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94F6C0EFF3435D7FBC6F9AA" blockId="6.[151,1437,1535,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94F6C0EFF3435D7FD26F98C" bold="true" box="[197,676,1535,1561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Colour of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C51FE1C94F6C0EFE8035D7FE5FF98C" box="[369,477,1535,1561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in preservative.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pattern essentially as in life, but dorsal colours faded to grey and light grey, and yellow and sky blue faded to white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345BDC6C94F6C0EFD01360DFCC3F9AA" box="[752,833,1573,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1208,1232]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,333,1200]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,333,1201]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Chironius challenger sp. nov. A: Dorsolateral view of the holotype in life (IRSNB 2659, 720 mm TTL). B: Ventral view of the anaesthetized holotype. C: Dorsal view of the preserved holotype. D: Ventral view of the preserved holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197802/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D, 2 A–C, 3 A, 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94F6C0FFF343661FEFFFF6A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1535,2009]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1438,152,442]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94F6C0EFF343661FEC2F9F6" bold="true" box="[197,320,1609,1635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Three referred specimens are available, consisting of two females and a juvenile. The females vary in TTL from
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94F6C0EFE703647FDAAF91C" box="[385,552,1647,1673]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.285" metricValueMax="9.37" metricValueMin="7.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="828.5" valueMax="937.0" valueMin="720.0">720–937 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94F6C0EFDC83647FD21F91C" box="[569,675,1647,1673]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="315.0">315 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the juvenile), in SVL from
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94F6C0EFBDB3647FB52F91C" box="[1066,1232,1647,1673]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.54" metricValueMax="6.58" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="554.0" valueMax="658.0" valueMin="450.0">450–658 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94F6C0EFB133647FACEF91C" box="[1250,1356,1647,1673]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="222.0">222 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the juvenile), and in TL from
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94F6C0EFE2536BDFDF1F93A" box="[468,627,1685,1711]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.79" metricValueMin="2.01" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="240.0" valueMax="279.0" valueMin="201.0">201–279 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94F6C0EFD7436BDFD58F93A" box="[645,730,1685,1711]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="93.0">93 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the juvenile). Tail length is 42–45% SVL. The loreal is always high, its height being 93 (in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C51FE1C94F6C0EFD8C3692FD69F941" box="[637,747,1722,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
)–100% (in all other specimens) its length. There is little variation in scale counts. Weak anal ridges laterally above the cloacal region are absent in one female (MHNLS 16088) and the juvenile (ROM 42603). Ventrals range from 152–159, divided subcaudals 99–103 (65% number of ventrals), supralabials 8–9, number of infralabials in contact with genials 5–7, postcephalics 4–6. Although the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C51FE1C94F6C0EFE883767FE63F8FC" box="[377,481,1871,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has only 1 postocular on both sides, all other individuals have 2. The temporal formula is quite variable and only one specimen (BMNH 1976.235) has 1+1 temporal on both sides. Other specimens have 1+1/1+2 (MHNLS 16088), 1+2/1+2 (ROM 42603) or 2+2/1+1 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C51FE1C94F6C0EFB6537B2FA85F821" box="[1172,1287,1946,1972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) temporals. Paravertebral scales are smooth and apical pits are absent in all specimens. Caudal scale row reduction from 6 to 4 rows occurs at the 5–7th subcaudals in females, at the 10th subcaudal in the juvenile. Maxillary teeth are
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94E6C0FFF6630E8FE83FF4F" box="[151,257,192,218]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.0413999999999999" metricValueMin="0.9906" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="40.0" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="39.0">39–41 in</quantity>
|
||
females,
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94E6C0FFE8930E8FE37FF4F" box="[376,437,192,218]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0413999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="41.0">41 in</quantity>
|
||
the juvenile. See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FC94F8C94E6C0FFD6130E8FD68FF4F" box="[656,746,192,218]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,450,474]" captionTargetBox="[151,1382,661,1879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements and scalation for Chironius challenger sp. nov. Abbreviations are defined in the text. Holotype IRSNB 2659 MHNLS 16088 BMNH 1976.235 ROM 42603" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF01F1CBC9406C01FF6631EAFABCFD99" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="DF01F1CBC9406C01FF6631EAFABCFD99">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
for measurements and scalation for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C51FE1C94E6C0FFB2330E8FAB9FF4F" box="[1234,1339,192,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the referred specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94E6C0FFF343122FEA3FE2F" blockId="7.[151,1438,152,442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Colour and pattern are similar between the referred specimens and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C51FE1C94E6C0FFBC53122FB21FEB1" box="[1076,1187,266,292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Intensity of ventral mottling seems related to age and size, the two largest individuals having the most mottling on ventrals. Transverse bands are much more conspicuous and more numerous (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94E6C0FFC31317EFC5EFEFA" box="[960,988,342,367]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 55) in the juvenile specimen. Larger specimens mostly lack transverse bands on the tail whereas these bands are conspicuous in smaller individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF01F1CBC94E6C0FFF66370DFEFEF8E9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197807/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[151,1436,479,1807]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94E6C0FFF66370DFEFEF8E9" blockId="7.[151,1436,1829,1916]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94E6C0FFF66370DFE98F8A8" bold="true" box="[151,282,1829,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (upper left) and ventral (lower left) views of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94E6C0FFCA1370DFBB1F8A9" box="[848,1075,1829,1852]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94E6C0FFCA1370DFBB1F8A9" box="[848,1075,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Chironius challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC94E6C0FFBCB370DFB0DF8A8" box="[1082,1167,1829,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94E6C0FFBCB370DFB0DF8A8" bold="true" box="[1082,1167,1829,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(holotype, IRSNB 2659, 720 mm TTL) compared to dorsal (upper right) and ventral (lower right) views of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94E6C0FFBE9376DFBF9F8C9" box="[1048,1147,1861,1884]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94E6C0FFBE9376DFBF9F8C9" box="[1048,1147,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNLS 18627, 707 mm TTL) in preservative.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C364F2C8C94E6C01FF343782FA88FD14" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C94E6C00FF343782FD7BFF69" blockId="7.[151,1436,1962,2026]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,152,252]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94E6C0FFF343782FD82F851" bold="true" box="[197,512,1962,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on museum specimens,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C94E6C0FFC823783FBEFF851" box="[883,1133,1963,1988]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C94E6C0FFC823783FBEFF851" box="[883,1133,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Chironius challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known between
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C94E6C0FFAA23782FF70F87F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.744" metricValueMax="2.088" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="1744.0" valueMax="2088.0" valueMin="1400.0">1400– 2088 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation from three localities in the eastern Pantepui region: Auyantepui in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C94E6C0FFB6737F8FA96F87F" box="[1174,1300,2000,2026]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Maringma Tepui and Mount Wokomung in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C9416C00FDE230B0FDECFF27" box="[531,622,152,178]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345BDC6C9416C00FD8C30B0FD47FF27" box="[637,709,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1370,1394]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,309,1349]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map of the Pantepui region showing the known distribution of Chironius challenger sp. nov.: 1 = type locality, Maringma Tepui, Guyana; 2 = Mount Wokomung, Guyana; 3 = Auyantepui, Venezuela; 4 = Guaiquinima Tepui, Venezuela. Map modified from a radar image of South America by NASA / JPL / NIMA available at http: // photojournal. jpl. nasa. gov / catalog / PIA 03388." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197806/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). An additional specimen collected at
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C9416C00FB7230B0FB59FF27" box="[1155,1243,152,178]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="1520.0">1520 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation on the summit of Guaiquinima Tepui,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C9416C00FDE13095FD09FF42" box="[528,651,189,215]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345BDC6C9416C00FD6D3095FD66FF42" box="[668,740,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1370,1394]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,309,1349]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map of the Pantepui region showing the known distribution of Chironius challenger sp. nov.: 1 = type locality, Maringma Tepui, Guyana; 2 = Mount Wokomung, Guyana; 3 = Auyantepui, Venezuela; 4 = Guaiquinima Tepui, Venezuela. Map modified from a radar image of South America by NASA / JPL / NIMA available at http: // photojournal. jpl. nasa. gov / catalog / PIA 03388." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197806/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) is illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFDCB2C9416C00FC403095FB48FF42" author="Magdefrau" box="[945,1226,189,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Magdefrau, H., Magdefrau, K. & Schluter, A. (1991) Herpetologische Daten vom Guaiquinima-Tepui, Venezuela. Herpetofauna, 13 (70), 13 - 26." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Mägdefrau
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9416C00FBCD3095FBF3FF43" box="[1084,1137,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 22, 23) under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C9416C00FA703095FF62FF6E" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9416C00FA703095FF62FF6E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Discussion and additional comparisons).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF01F1CBC9416C00FF6636D4FDA9F8C1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197808/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[151,1436,318,1759]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9416C00FF6636D4FDA9F8C1" blockId="8.[151,1436,1788,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9416C00FF6636D4FE9CF881" bold="true" box="[151,286,1788,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (upper left) and ventral (lower left) views of a juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C9416C00FBF036D5FB6EF881" box="[1025,1260,1789,1812]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9416C00FBF036D5FB6EF881" box="[1025,1260,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Chironius challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC9416C00FB0536D4FACCF881" box="[1268,1358,1788,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9416C00FB0536D4FACCF881" bold="true" box="[1268,1358,1788,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(ROM 42603, 315 mm TTL) compared to dorsal (upper right) and ventral (lower right) views of a juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C9416C00FB2D3735FABDF8A1" box="[1244,1343,1821,1844]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9416C00FB2D3735FABDF8A1" box="[1244,1343,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">C. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(IRSNB 18005, 404 mm TTL) in preservative.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9416C01FF3437AAFDD3FED2" blockId="8.[151,1437,1922,2023]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,402]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C51FE1C9416C00FF0A37AAFEE1F809" box="[251,355,1922,1948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected in the morning while it was moving in a small tree about
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C9416C00FB3637AAFAA2F809" box="[1223,1312,1922,1948]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="200.0">200 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the ground in low evergreen upper-montane forest. ROM 42603 was collected while moving on the ground on the northeastern slope of Mount Wokomung, also in low evergreen upper-montane forest. No data on microhabitat is available for the two other referred specimens, which are presumably from low evergreen upper-montane or high-tepui forest according to the collection localities. The specimen reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFDCB2C9406C01FF6630CAFE36FF69" box="[151,436,226,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" refString="Magdefrau, H., Magdefrau, K. & Schluter, A. (1991) Herpetologische Daten vom Guaiquinima-Tepui, Venezuela. Herpetofauna, 13 (70), 13 - 26." type="journal article">
|
||
Mägdefrau
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9406C01FED030CAFED7FF6E" box="[289,341,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1991)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Guaiquinima Tepui was collected in the afternoon, on a rock on the bank of a stream dissecting a rocky area covered by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C9406C01FD603120FC3BFEB7" box="[657,953,264,290]" class="Liliopsida" family="Rapateaceae" genus="Stegolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9406C01FD603120FC8BFEB4" box="[657,777,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Stegolepis</emphasis>
|
||
(Rapateaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and small patches of forest (presumably high-tepui forest given the elevation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9406C01FF34317AFB14FE07" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C51FE1C9406C01FF0A317AFEE0FEF9" box="[251,354,338,364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and MHNLS 16088 have few enlarged ovarian follicles (largest 3.3 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C9406C01FB39317AFAA1FEF9" box="[1224,1315,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, respectively), and BMNH 1976.235 has three eggs (11.6, 13.6, and
|
||
<quantity id="4C860CA6C9406C01FC5F3150FB95FE07" box="[942,1047,376,402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="17.1">17.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF01F1CBC9406C01FF6631EAFABCFD99" ID-Table-UUID="DF01F1CBC9406C01FF6631EAFABCFD99" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF01F1CBC9406C01FF6631EAFABCFD99" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[151,1382,661,1879]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9406C01FF6631EAFABCFD99" blockId="9.[151,1382,450,641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9406C01FF6631EAFE8AFE4F" bold="true" box="[151,264,450,474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements and scalation for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7EDAC0C9406C01FD9A31EAFCCFFE4C" box="[619,845,450,473]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="challenger" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9406C01FD9A31EAFCCFFE4C" box="[619,845,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Chironius challenger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239C02AC9406C01FCA531EAFC2BFE4F" box="[852,937,450,474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A7D51C9406C01FCA531EAFC2BFE4F" bold="true" box="[852,937,450,474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Abbreviations are defined in the text. Holotype IRSNB 2659 MHNLS 16088 BMNH 1976.235 ROM 42603
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9406C01FF6E3208FA92FDA2" blockId="9.[151,1382,450,641]" box="[159,1296,544,567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Sex Female Female Female Juvenile</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9406C01FF6E3262FAE4FDF4" blockId="9.[151,1382,450,641]" box="[159,1382,586,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Locality Maringma Tepui, Auyantepui, Auyantepui, Mt. Wokomung,</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1A143C9406C01FE163242FA88FD14" blockId="9.[151,1382,450,641]" box="[487,1290,618,641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C9406C01FE163242FDB8FD14" box="[487,570,618,641]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C9406C01FCF53242FBD2FD14" box="[772,1104,618,641]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Venezuela Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369E1D3C9406C01FB463242FA88FD14" box="[1207,1290,618,641]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |