541 lines
67 KiB
XML
541 lines
67 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="037B85C39E301B6B71EFA2396F1FA2B6">Four new species and one new subspecies of Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from the Tambopata river, Madre de Dios, Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="33CAAC7215D9A8FAB8CA00ADAE779405">Grados, Juan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="61F15D3618F329DBA41D691E3EFB4FBD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A9C98B56CD1E9215E6A050C50FBAAA8E">
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<mods:date id="EB31C16A77C11683CD2676E71375EB15">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5F762D0CFE6FBFFD7A1454D9BCABABF">4434</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E42C2D3160DD4232AD6CA90852F31FF1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4434.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CA35558875D17651A423C8FB35FCAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6485736" ID-GBIF-Taxon="145966338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6485736" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA35558875D17651A423C8FB35FCAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA35558875D17651A423C8FB35FCAE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="C379D7C88875D17551A423C8FE9FF980" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDC84438875D17551A423C8FE49F9A1" blockId="8.[151,504,1528,1587]" box="[151,504,1528,1554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="D094332F8875D17551A423C8FE49F9A1" bold="true" box="[151,504,1528,1554]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91758518875D17551A423C8FE49F9A1" bold="true" box="[151,504,1528,1554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08875D17551A423C8FE25F9A1" authority="Grados, 2018" authorityName="Grados" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,404,1528,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kotolnuki" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91758518875D17551A423C8FE25F9A1" bold="true" box="[151,404,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Paranerita kotolnuki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A224E52A8875D17550A823C8FE49F9A1" box="[411,504,1528,1554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438875D17551A4202AFE9FF980" blockId="8.[151,504,1528,1587]" box="[151,302,1562,1587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135898C68875D17551AC202AFE97F980" box="[159,294,1562,1587]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 25–26" captionStart-1="FIGURES 27–30" captionStartId-0="9.[151,264,492,515]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,264,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox-0="[340,1247,193,471]" captionTargetBox-1="[340,1247,852,1375]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[340,1247,193,471]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[340,1247,852,1375]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 25–26. Paranerita kotolnuki Grados, new especies. 25. Holotype male, dorsal. 26. Holotype male, ventral. Scales=5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 27–30. Genitalia of Paranerita kotolnuki Grados, new species. (Genitalia # JGA–761). 35. Dorsal view. 27. Ventral view. 29. Lateral view. 30. Aedeagus. Scales= 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1290948/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1290950/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Figs. 25–30</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C379D7C88875D17551A42052FC1CF89C" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="8BDC84438875D17551A42052FC1CF89C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1634,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0B8E1E8875D17551A42052FD5BF92C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1849198254" collectingDate="2016-04-18" collectionCode="PERU" collectorName="Michael Galizio & D. Couceiro" country="Peru" elevation="231" latitude="-12.875" location="Madre de Dios" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.40972" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madre de Dios" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518875D17551A42052FEF9F9C8" bold="true" box="[151,328,1634,1659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
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<typeStatus id="54D83AE18875D17551A42052FEB5F9C8" box="[151,260,1634,1659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135898C68875D17550692052FE59F9C8" box="[346,488,1634,1659]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–26" captionStartId="9.[151,264,492,515]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,471]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,193,471]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25–26. Paranerita kotolnuki Grados, new especies. 25. Holotype male, dorsal. 26. Holotype male, ventral. Scales=5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1290948/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Figs. 25–26</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518875D17550CD2052FCA6F9C8" bold="true" box="[510,791,1634,1659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED721C868875D17550CD2052FDFDF9C8" box="[510,588,1634,1659]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14398" name="Universit<69> di Perugia" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F374C4D38875D17550CD2052FDFDF9C8" box="[510,588,1634,1659]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectionCode>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A74AA18875D17553682052FCA2F9C8" box="[603,787,1634,1659]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Albergue Refugio
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A74AA18875D17552CB2053FBC0F9C8" box="[1016,1137,1635,1659]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57E2848875D17555B32052FAB1F9C8" box="[1152,1280,1634,1659]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" precision="15" value="-12.875">12°52'30''S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57E2848875D175543C2052FA26F9C8" box="[1295,1431,1634,1659]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" precision="15" value="-69.40972">69°24'35''W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="004E63708875D17551A420B7FF68F92C" box="[151,217,1671,1695]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="231.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B29A68875D17551A420B7FF68F92C" box="[151,217,1671,1695]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="231.0">231m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF995B6B8875D17551D420B6FEECF92C" box="[231,349,1670,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-04-18">
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838875D17551D420B6FEECF92C" box="[231,349,1670,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-04-18">18.iv.2016</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="2696E1958875D175505D20B6FD98F92C" box="[366,553,1670,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Michael Galizio</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="2696E1958875D175536220B8FD53F92C" box="[593,738,1670,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">D. Couceiro</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0B8E1E8875D17553C420B7FA9AF92C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1849198413" box="[759,1323,1670,1696]" collectionCode="PERU" country="Peru" location="Madre de Dios" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-male="11" stateProvince="Madre de Dios" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D654FCA8875D17553C420B7FC36F913" box="[759,903,1671,1696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">11 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D654FCA8875D17552AA20B7FBB4F92C" box="[921,1029,1670,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518875D175552920B6FA9AF92C" bold="true" box="[1050,1323,1670,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED721C868875D175552920B6FBD9F92C" box="[1050,1128,1670,1695]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14398" name="Universit<69> di Perugia" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374C4D38875D175552920B6FBD9F92C" box="[1050,1128,1670,1695]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A74AA18875D175554420B6FA9AF92C" box="[1143,1323,1670,1695]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0B8E1E8875D175540F20B7FB29F970" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1849198327" collectingDate="2016-04-19" collectorName="D. Couceiro" country="Peru" elevation="231" latitude="-12.875" location="Amazonas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.40972" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D654FCA8875D175540F20B7FA29F92C" box="[1340,1432,1670,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, Albergue Refugio
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A74AA18875D175505C209BFE59F970" box="[367,488,1707,1731]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57E2848875D17550CB209AFDC9F970" box="[504,632,1706,1731]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" precision="15" value="-12.875">12°52'30''S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57E2848875D17553BB209AFCA0F970" box="[648,785,1706,1731]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" precision="15" value="-69.40972">69°24'35''W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="004E63708875D1755213209BFCD2F970" box="[800,867,1707,1731]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="231.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B29A68875D1755213209BFCD2F970" box="[800,867,1707,1731]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="231.0">231m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF995B6B8875D1755240209AFC59F970" box="[883,1000,1706,1731]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-04-19">
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838875D1755240209AFC59F970" box="[883,1000,1706,1731]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-04-19">19.iv.2016</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="2696E1958875D17552CE209BFB21F970" box="[1021,1168,1706,1731]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">D. Couceiro</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; 1 male, idem except,
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838875D17551A420FEFEA1F954" box="[151,272,1742,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-04-21">21.iv.2016</date>
|
||
; 1 male, idem except,
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838875D175532E20FEFD22F954" box="[541,659,1742,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-04-30">30.iv.2016</date>
|
||
(Marci Kotolnuk); 1 male, idem except,
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838875D175554B20FEFB5BF954" box="[1144,1258,1742,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-05-02">02.v.2016</date>
|
||
; 2 males, idem except,
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838875D17551C620C2FED7F8B8" box="[245,358,1778,1803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-05-21">21.v.2016</date>
|
||
; 1 male, idem except,
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838875D17553B520C2FD48F8B8" box="[646,761,1778,1803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-10-09">09.x.2016</date>
|
||
; 1 male, idem except,
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838875D175552B20C2FB3AF8B8" box="[1048,1163,1778,1803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-10-10">10.x.2016</date>
|
||
; 1 male, idem except,
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838875D17551A42126FEBBF89C" box="[151,266,1814,1839]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-10-13">13.x.2016</date>
|
||
; 1 male, idem except,
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838875D17553362126FDC4F89C" box="[517,629,1814,1839]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" value="2016-10-24">24.x.2016</date>
|
||
(J. Grados & D. Couceiro).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379D7C88875D17551F4210AFDC7F80C" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438875D17551F4210AFDC7F80C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1634,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518875D17551F4210AFE8BF8E0" bold="true" box="[199,314,1850,1875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
(male): Small species (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B29A68875D1755379210BFD0CF8E0" box="[586,701,1851,1875]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11–12mm</quantity>
|
||
) with yellow head and yellow patagia, the latter with red spots. Brown tegulae with reddish spots. First pair of wings brown with iridescent purple scales, and with several yellow spots of reddish edges. Second pair of wings with a soft reddish hue and part of the edge of the termen brown. Abdomen red dorsally and white ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1CD4CB8874D17451A427DCFF77FD92" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1290948/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" startId="9.[151,264,492,515]" targetBox="[340,1247,193,471]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438874D17451A427DCFF77FD92" blockId="9.[151,1436,492,545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518874D17451A427DCFEFDFDB2" bold="true" box="[151,332,492,515]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 25–26</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08874D174506B27DDFDCCFDB1" authority="Grados" authorityName="Grados" authorityYear="2018" box="[344,637,492,514]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kotolnuki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518874D174506B27DDFD9AFDB1" box="[344,555,492,514]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Paranerita kotolnuki</emphasis>
|
||
Grados
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, new especies.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518874D174522427DCFC81FDB2" bold="true" box="[791,816,492,513]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">25</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype male, dorsal.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518874D174551427DCFBF1FDB2" bold="true" box="[1063,1088,492,513]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">26</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype male, ventral. Scales=5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379D7C88874D17751F4247DFEBCFE3B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438874D17751F4247DFEBCFE3B" blockId="9.[151,1437,589,2005]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518874D17451F4247DFE23FDD5" bold="true" box="[199,402,589,614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Description male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135898C68874D1745093247DFD96FDD5" box="[416,551,589,614]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–26" captionStartId="9.[151,264,492,515]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,471]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,193,471]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25–26. Paranerita kotolnuki Grados, new especies. 25. Holotype male, dorsal. 26. Holotype male, ventral. Scales=5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1290948/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Figs. 25–26</figureCitation>
|
||
) and females. Forewing span;
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B29A68874D174524F247EFC45FDD6" box="[892,1012,590,614]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=12).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518874D1745567247DFB2CFDD5" bold="true" box="[1108,1181,589,614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Frontoclypeus yellow, the upper part with brown scales on the sides, underneath the antennae. Vertex yellow, with groups of red scales at the base of the antennae, in the anterior part, above the brown scales. Red scales on the lateral parts of the vertex and occiput. Palpi with the first segment yellow and red scales on the external lateral side. Second and third segments red, with the front brown and the inner part yellow. Antennae bipectinate, with scape and pedicel presenting yellow and red scales. Flagellum brown with of red scales present towards the base and white scales in the distal quarter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518874D174506D2515FE71FC8D" bold="true" box="[350,448,805,830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
Patagia yellow, bearing a brown spot in the anterior part of the ectal margin. Adjacent to this, a red submarginal band runs from the anterior to the posterior side and then all along the edge back to anterior side. Tegula brown in the anterior part; the posterior side and mesal margin, red; the posterior part and ectal margin, yellow. Mesoscutum brown, with presence of a small triangular red spot in the central anterior part; red spots on the central and lateral parts of the ectal margin. Metascutellum brown. First pair of legs yellow, with the front of the coxae, the dorsal sides of the femur, tibia and tarsi, reddish. Second and third pair of legs yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518874D17455E325E9FAFAFC41" bold="true" box="[1232,1355,985,1010]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Forewing:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface brown with an iridescent bluish reflection. It bears yellow and red spots. A yellow spot near the base of the wing, surrounded by an irregular red band. The contour comprises near the base of the wing and below the costal margin, reaches the inner part of the base of the discal cell, crosses the Cu, projects up to below the 1A and 2A, extending towards the base of the wing. Red at the base of the R and the 1A + 2A. A bulging area at the base of the wing: below the Cu, the first quarter of the Cu2-1A. Two spots of red contours and inner part yellow: one in the central part of anal cell reaching the posterior margin; the other in the posterodistal part of the bulging area, on Cu2- 1A. A large spot, of red contour and yellow inner part, located in the anterior and central part of the wing: originates from the proximal third of the wing, in the costal margin, extends obliquely towards the external margin, reaching the posterior angle of the discal cell, where M2 and M3 arise, crosses the middle part of the Cu1-Cu2, then ascending, across the Cu1, M3 and M2 up to the sixth part of the M1, from where it projects up to the apex. Termen yellow. An irregular patch alongside the termen, with the inner edge red and inner part yellow: arises near the tornus, rising sinusoidally to become wider in M2-M3, where it also closes until it reaches the termen, spot rises again obliquely towards the inside of the wing, crossing M1, to become wider in R5-M1, Describing a last curve this crosses above, heading towards the termen but not reaching it, from where it rises obliquely reaching the middle part of R4-R5. A red spot, near the tornus, another near the base of the R5-R4 and another one in R5-M1. Retinaculum reddish yellow. Ventral surface yellow, with the spot located on the termen with the same characteristics as the dorsal side, except for the colors that are not intense. A central brown spot, running from the costal margin down to the tornus with red edges on each side: the first one with the red edge projecting towards the tornus and the second one comprises part of the discal cell, reaching up to the costal margin and running down to the base of the wing. The proximal half of the wing, yellow, with the presence of a cleft corresponding to the described area of the bulging area on the dorsal side. This cleft shows tufts of yellow androconial hairs. Retinaculum yellow with brown scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518874D17451D42132FED6F8A8" bold="true" box="[231,359,1794,1819]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Hindwing:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface yellow, from the costal margin, which is lobulated, to the Cu, reaching the M3. A brown edge from the M3, becoming thinner and reaching 2A. The rest of the wing with a soft reddish hue. Ventral surface yellow with the same characteristics regarding the brown spot on the dorsal side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518874D17455A62160FAA2F8DA" bold="true" box="[1173,1299,1872,1897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal side red, with yellow scales in the posterior and central part of the first sternite. The other sternites have yellow scales on the posterior edges. Yellowish white ventral side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518874D174523021A8FC00F802" bold="true" box="[771,945,1944,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135898C68874D17452F021A8FBFDF803" box="[963,1100,1944,1969]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–30" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,852,1375]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[340,1247,852,1375]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 27–30. Genitalia of Paranerita kotolnuki Grados, new species. (Genitalia # JGA–761). 35. Dorsal view. 27. Ventral view. 29. Lateral view. 30. Aedeagus. Scales= 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1290950/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Figs. 27–30</figureCitation>
|
||
) (Genitalia # JGA 560, 750, 761): Saccus thick, curved and oblique pointing to the left side. Tegumen with elongated sides, sharpened towards the anterior part, where they join the vinculum. Towards the posterior side bearing small projections at the sides of uncus. Uncus thin, elongated, curved in ventral direction, showing thickening in the ventral part, sharpened and sclerosed towards the distal part. Bearing setae on the dorsal part, more abundantly towards the base. No setae on the distal part. Sacculus oblong, with short setae in its distal margin. Valvae notoriously asimmetrical, with the end of the left one twice as wide as that of the right one. Aedeagus the size of the genital armature. Vesica Short vesica, about one third the size of the aedeagus, with small spinules towards the base and smaller distally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177540F277CFA2DFED6" bold="true" box="[1340,1436,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379D7C88877D17751F427A4FCFEFE63" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438877D17751F427A4FCFEFE63" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17751F427A4FEF9FE1E" bold="true" box="[199,328,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177506827A4FE72FE1E" authorityName="Grados" authorityYear="2018" box="[347,451,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kotolnuki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177506827A4FE72FE1E" box="[347,451,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">kotolnuki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a singular genitive noun, dedicated to Marci Kotolnuk for being one of the first collectors of the new subspecies at Refugio
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A74AA18877D17753B02788FD48FE63" box="[643,761,440,464]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lodge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379D7C88877D17751F427ECFCCDFD8E" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438877D17751F427ECFAB8FE47" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,573]" box="[199,1289,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17751F427ECFED3FE46" bold="true" box="[199,354,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Known from the department of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A74AA18877D17753FE27ECFCC7FE46" box="[717,886,476,501]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southeast of the Peruvian Amazon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438877D17751F427CFFCCDFD8E" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17751F427CFFEFDFDAB" bold="true" box="[199,332,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Barcoding:</emphasis>
|
||
The access number to Genbank is
|
||
<accessionNumber id="943019A08877D17753E62430FCE8FDAB" box="[725,857,512,536]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MG837877" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">MG837877</accessionNumber>
|
||
. The mitochondrial DNA sequence (COI) of one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D83AE18877D17751F32415FE9AFD8E" box="[192,299,549,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
is as follows(Voucher MUSM–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17753BD2414FD46FD8E" box="[654,759,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Arctiinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
VB # 166):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379D7C88877D17751A4245CFDF1FC7B" box="[151,1436,620,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438877D17751A4245CFDF1FC7B" blockId="10.[151,1436,620,968]" box="[151,1436,620,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">AACATTATATTTTATTTTCGGTATTTGAGCTGGAATAGTAGGAACTTCATTAAGTTTATTAATTCGTGCTG AATTAGGAAACCCTGGATCTTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATTTATAACACTATTGTAACAGCACATGCTT TTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCTATTATAATTGGTGGATTTGGTAATTGATTAATCCCTTTAATATT AGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGTTTTTGACTTTTACCCCCATCTTTAACT TTACTAATTTCAAGAAGAATCGTAGAAAATGGTGCTGGAACTGGGTGAACTGTTTACCCTCCTCTTTCT TCTAATATTGCCCATGGAGGTAGATCAGTAGATTTGGCTATTTTTTCCCTTCACTTAGCAGGAATTTCTT CAATTTTAGGAGCAATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGACTTAATAATCTATCATTTGATCAAA TACCTTTATTTGTATGAGCGGTAGGAATTACAGCATTCTTATTATTACTTTCTTTACCTGTTTTAGCTGGG GCTATTACTATATTACTTACAGATCGAAACTTAAACACTTCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGAGGAGGAGAT CCAATTCTCTATCAACATTTATTT</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379D7C88877D17651F425C7FB35FCAE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438877D17751F425C7FA36FBCE" blockId="10.[151,1436,1015,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17751F425C7FE8CFBA3" bold="true" box="[199,317,1015,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17750FB25C9FDF2FBA3" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1901" box="[456,579,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17750FB25C9FDF2FBA3" box="[456,579,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Paranerita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was created by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D177523625C8FC79FBA3" box="[773,968,1016,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref13167" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1901) Catalogue of the Arctiidae and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum. Fol. 2. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, xx + 690 pp." type="book">Hampson (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, having as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D83AE18877D177557D25C8FBCFFBA3" box="[1102,1150,1016,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17755D725C9FE95FB87" authority="Druce, 1883" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Evius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyxenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17755D725C9FA2DFBA3" box="[1252,1436,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Evius polyxenus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17751A4222DFE95FB87" box="[151,292,1052,1076]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref12795" refString="Druce, H. (1883) Descriptions of new species of Zygaenidae and Arctiidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1883, 372 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1883. tb 06656. x" type="proceedings paper">Druce, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sarayacu (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374C4D38877D17750D5222CFDFBFB86" box="[486,586,1052,1077]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D177536C222CFD50FB86" box="[607,737,1052,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref14444" refString="Seitz, A. (1922 - 1925) Die Gross - Schmetterlinge der Erde. Part 6. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, 131 pp. [pp. 293 - 423]" type="book chapter">
|
||
Seitz (
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838877D177539B222CFD50FB86" box="[680,737,1052,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" value="1922" valueMax="1925">1922</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1925) recorded in his catalog 35 species for the genus, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17751A42270FE77FBEB" box="[151,454,1087,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref15136" refString="Watson, A. & Goodger, D. (1986) Catalogue of the Neotropical Tiger - moths. Ocassional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article">Watson & Goodger (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded 46. The classification provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17752F52270FB35FBEB" box="[966,1156,1088,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref13167" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1901) Catalogue of the Arctiidae and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum. Fol. 2. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, xx + 690 pp." type="book">Hampson (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and largely followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17751A42254FEA6FBCE" box="[151,279,1124,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref14444" refString="Seitz, A. (1922 - 1925) Die Gross - Schmetterlinge der Erde. Part 6. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, 131 pp. [pp. 293 - 423]" type="book chapter">
|
||
Seitz (
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838877D17751ED2254FEA6FBCE" box="[222,279,1124,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" value="1922" valueMax="1925">1922</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1925) is based on wing venation, traits that have not helped to objectively determine natural groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438877D17751F422B7FEE2FABF" blockId="10.[151,1436,1015,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17751F422B7FECCFB13" box="[199,381,1159,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref14797" refString="Toulgoet, H. (1991) Le genre Trichromia Hubner 1816 Caracteristiques, Composition etlimites. Lambillionea, 91 (2), 127 - 136." type="journal article">Toulgoët (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
made a study of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177538E22B7FC8BFB13" authorityName="Toulgoet" authorityYear="1982" box="[701,826,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177538E22B7FC8BFB13" box="[701,826,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stating that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17752E222B9FB72FB2C" authority="Hampson" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1901" box="[977,1219,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17752E222B9FBFDFB13" box="[977,1100,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Paranerita</emphasis>
|
||
Hampson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17755E322B9FA2DFB2C" authority="Hampson" authorityName="Hampson. Watson & Goodger" authorityYear="1986" box="[1232,1436,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Parevia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17755E322B9FA99FB13" box="[1232,1320,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Parevia</emphasis>
|
||
Hampson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17751F4229DFEC3FB76" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[199,370,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Neritos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17751F4229DFEA8FB77" box="[199,281,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Neritos</emphasis>
|
||
Walker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are junior synonyms.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D1775341229CFC16FB77" box="[626,935,1196,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref14997" refString="Vincent, B. & Laguerre, M. (2014) Catalogue of the NeotropicalArctiini Leach, [1815] (except Ctenuchina Kirby, 1837 and Euchromiina Butler, 1876) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zoosystema, 36 (2), 1 - 398." type="journal article">Vincent & Laguerre (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
repeated Toulgoët’s (1991) suggestion, also mentioning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177501122FFFE5FFB5B" authority="Weymer" authorityName="Weymer" authorityYear="1895" box="[290,494,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" genus="Antiloba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177501122FFFE33FB5B" box="[290,386,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Antiloba</emphasis>
|
||
Weymer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a synonym previously proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D177529522E0FBD6FB5B" box="[934,1127,1232,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref13167" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1901) Catalogue of the Arctiidae and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum. Fol. 2. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, xx + 690 pp." type="book">Hampson (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
which went unnoticed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17751A422C4FEFEFABF" box="[151,335,1268,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref14797" refString="Toulgoet, H. (1991) Le genre Trichromia Hubner 1816 Caracteristiques, Composition etlimites. Lambillionea, 91 (2), 127 - 136." type="journal article">Toulgoët (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438877D17751F42327FCB3FA56" blockId="10.[151,1436,1015,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17750762329FE26FA83" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[325,407,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Neritos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17750762329FE26FA83" box="[325,407,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Neritos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was created by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17753602327FD47FA83" box="[595,758,1303,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref15051" refString="Walker, F. (1855) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 3. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 194 pp. [pp. 582 - 775]" type="book chapter">Walker (1855)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
having as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D83AE18877D17752BA2328FC08FA83" box="[905,953,1304,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17755282329FB63FA83" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[1051,1234,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Neritos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repanda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17755282329FB63FA83" box="[1051,1234,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Neritos repanda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a specimen coming from Rio (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A74AA18877D1775059230CFDA3FAE6" box="[362,530,1340,1365]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374C4D38877D177532D230CFDD6FAE6" box="[542,615,1340,1365]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17753CB230CFCC4FAE6" authorityName="Toulgoet" authorityYear="1982" box="[760,885,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17753CB230CFCC4FAE6" box="[760,885,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was created by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D177551D230CFB6FFAE7" box="[1070,1246,1340,1365]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref13409" refString="Hubner, J. ([1819]) Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. bey dem Verfasser zu Finden, Ausburg, 48 pp. [pp. 129 - 176]" type="book chapter">Hübner ([1819]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) considering the species described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17750B02350FD99FACB" box="[387,552,1376,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref12588" refString="Cramer, P. (1777) De Uitlandsche Kapellen. Fol. 2. Chez S. J. Baalde, Amsterdam & Utrecht, 152 pp." type="book">Cramer (1777)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177537F236FFCB4FACB" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[588,773,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177537F236FFCB4FACB" box="[588,773,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Phalaena onytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with individuals coming from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374C4D38877D1775554236FFB67FACB" box="[1127,1238,1375,1400]" name="Suriname" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17755D32350FA2DFACB" box="[1248,1436,1376,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref13167" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1901) Catalogue of the Arctiidae and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum. Fol. 2. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, xx + 690 pp." type="book">Hampson (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177500C23B4FE0DFA2E" authorityName="Toulgoet" authorityYear="1982" box="[319,444,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177500C23B4FE0DFA2E" box="[319,444,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as such, stating textually that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177521123B4FC32FA2E" box="[802,899,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Trichroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177521123B4FC32FA2E" box="[802,899,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177556E23B5FB1EFA2F" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[1117,1199,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Neritos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177556E23B5FB1EFA2F" box="[1117,1199,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Neritos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In fact there was a confusion of names that was warned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17753B92397FCE3FA73" box="[650,850,1447,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref12931" refString="Fairmaire, L. (1894) Coleopteres du Kilimandjaro. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 38 (7), 386 - 395." type="journal article">Fairmaire (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Hampson´s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17752C22397FB1AFA73" box="[1009,1195,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Trichroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17752C22397FBE1FA73" box="[1009,1104,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichroa</emphasis>
|
||
(1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17751A423FCFEA5FA56" authorityName="Toulgoet" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,276,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17751A423FCFEA5FA56" box="[151,276,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, knowing that the first is a genus of beetles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438877D17751F423C1FC5BF953" blockId="10.[151,1436,1015,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17751F423C1FE34F9BB" box="[199,389,1520,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref13167" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1901) Catalogue of the Arctiidae and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum. Fol. 2. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, xx + 690 pp." type="book">Hampson (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had much influence on later works and that was apparently the reason why
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17755D823DFFAD9F9BB" authorityName="Toulgoet" authorityYear="1982" box="[1259,1384,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17755D823DFFAD9F9BB" box="[1259,1384,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was forgotten. The majority of species related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17753B82025FCF0F99E" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[651,833,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Neritos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repanda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17753B82025FCF0F99E" box="[651,833,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Neritos repanda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described under this genus. Thus, by the 1980s, of the 51 species recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17753312009FCFCF9E3" box="[514,845,1591,1616]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref15136" refString="Watson, A. & Goodger, D. (1986) Catalogue of the Neotropical Tiger - moths. Ocassional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article">Watson and Goodger (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
belonging to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17755412009FB75F9E3" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[1138,1220,1593,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Neritos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17755412009FB75F9E3" box="[1138,1220,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Neritos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 38 of them were described under this genus and none under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17753B6206CFCB3F9C6" authorityName="Toulgoet" authorityYear="1982" box="[645,770,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17753B6206CFCB3F9C6" box="[645,770,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D1775221206CFC22F9C6" box="[786,915,1628,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref14444" refString="Seitz, A. (1922 - 1925) Die Gross - Schmetterlinge der Erde. Part 6. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, 131 pp. [pp. 293 - 423]" type="book chapter">
|
||
Seitz (
|
||
<date id="FFDDA2838877D1775269206CFC22F9C6" box="[858,915,1628,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" value="1922" valueMax="1925">1922</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1925) did not consider the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177542C206CFA2BF9C6" authorityName="Toulgoet" authorityYear="1982" box="[1311,1434,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177542C206CFA2BF9C6" box="[1311,1434,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17751F920B1FDB2F92B" box="[202,515,1663,1688]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref15136" refString="Watson, A. & Goodger, D. (1986) Catalogue of the Neotropical Tiger - moths. Ocassional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article">Watson & Goodger (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, stated that this together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177525920B1FC0DF92B" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[874,956,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Neritos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177525920B1FC0DF92B" box="[874,956,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Neritos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were congeneric, but that the taxonomic position of many species was uncertain, reason why they chose to maintain
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D17752DC2094FBDBF90E" authorityName="Toulgoet" authorityYear="1982" box="[1007,1130,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D17752DC2094FBDBF90E" box="[1007,1130,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D83AE18877D17755F52095FB47F90E" box="[1222,1270,1701,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species and to add another species previously described by as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177539920F7FC57F953" authority="Toulgoet (1982)" authorityName="Toulgoet" authorityYear="1982" box="[682,998,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177539920F7FC96F953" box="[682,807,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D177521D20F7FC57F953" box="[814,998,1735,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref14758" refString="Toulgoet, H. (1982) Resultats d'un voyage entomologique prive en Guyane Francaise, 1980, et description de nouvelles especes d'Arctiides Neotropicales, Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 12 (2), 165 - 173." type="journal article">Toulgoët (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438877D17751F420DCFB24F8FF" blockId="10.[151,1436,1015,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
There are no phylogenetic studies of the genera mentioned to support Toulgoët’s (1991) decision to synonymize all of these genera under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D1775377213FFD70F89B" authorityName="Toulgoet" authorityYear="1982" box="[580,705,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D1775377213FFD70F89B" box="[580,705,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is most likely, due to the diversity of forms, coloring patterns and external and internal morphology, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177534A2104FD47F8FE" authorityName="Toulgoet" authorityYear="1982" box="[633,758,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177534A2104FD47F8FE" box="[633,758,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as currently treated, is polyphyletic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438877D17651F42168FD40FEAE" blockId="10.[151,1436,1015,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,797]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Many species, after the work of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17753082168FD48F8C3" box="[571,761,1880,1904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref13167" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1901) Catalogue of the Arctiidae and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum. Fol. 2. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, xx + 690 pp." type="book">Hampson (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have been described under a certain genus considering the external morphology and the pattern of wing coloration and that have been compiled under different criteria in the latest available catalogs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D17750F82190FCB4F80A" box="[459,773,1952,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref15136" refString="Watson, A. & Goodger, D. (1986) Catalogue of the Neotropical Tiger - moths. Ocassional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article">Watson & Goodger 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28877D177522A2190FBE9F80B" box="[793,1112,1952,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref14997" refString="Vincent, B. & Laguerre, M. (2014) Catalogue of the NeotropicalArctiini Leach, [1815] (except Ctenuchina Kirby, 1837 and Euchromiina Butler, 1876) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zoosystema, 36 (2), 1 - 398." type="journal article">Vincent & Laguerre 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which has created some controversy. This is what happens with somewhat similar genera such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D177552721F5FABBF86F" authority="Hampson" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1901" box="[1044,1290,1989,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177552721F5FB3EF86F" box="[1044,1167,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Paranerita</emphasis>
|
||
Hampson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08877D176542F21F5FEB4FF1C" authority="Hampson" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hyponerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="40" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518877D177542F21F5FA2AF86F" box="[1308,1435,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Hyponerita</emphasis>
|
||
Hampson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D176502026A9FE70FF03" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[275,449,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Neritos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D176502026A9FED7FF03" box="[275,358,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Neritos</emphasis>
|
||
Walker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D17650FD26A7FD18FF03" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[462,681,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D17650FD26A7FDFAFF03" box="[462,587,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D17653D726A9FB45FF03" authority="Hampson. Watson & Goodger (1986)" authorityName="Hampson. Watson & Goodger" authorityYear="1986" box="[740,1268,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Parevia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D17653D726A9FC8DFF03" box="[740,828,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Parevia</emphasis>
|
||
Hampson.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28876D17652F226A8FB45FF03" box="[961,1268,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" refId="ref15136" refString="Watson, A. & Goodger, D. (1986) Catalogue of the Neotropical Tiger - moths. Ocassional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article">Watson & Goodger (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
considered 46 species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D176509E268DFD2CFF67" authority="Hampson" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1901" box="[429,669,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D176509E268DFD99FF67" box="[429,552,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Paranerita</emphasis>
|
||
Hampson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which require careful study to see if they really belong to the genus. Apparently, the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D176509726D1FD80FF4B" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1883" box="[420,561,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Evius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyxenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D176509726D1FD80FF4B" box="[420,561,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P. polyxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D176535A26D1FCA6FF4B" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1909" box="[617,791,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyxenoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D176535A26D1FCA6FF4B" box="[617,791,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P. polyxenoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to a complex, considering the subspecies that are under the first species that it is necessary to elucidate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438876D17651F42717FBCEFE46" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D17650642719FD25FEF3" authority="Schaus, 1905" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1905" box="[343,660,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D17650642719FE43FEF3" box="[343,498,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P. complicata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28876D17650CF2717FD25FEF3" box="[508,660,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" refId="ref14363" refString="Schaus, W. (1905) Descriptions of new South American Moths. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 39, 179 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1420.179" type="journal article">Schaus, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described with a male specimen (USNM 8628) of Saint Jean, Maroni River (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374C4D38876D176500D277CFE5AFED6" box="[318,491,332,357]" name="French Guiana" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
). It was transferred by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28876D17653DC277CFC15FED7" box="[751,932,332,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" refId="ref14797" refString="Toulgoet, H. (1991) Le genre Trichromia Hubner 1816 Caracteristiques, Composition etlimites. Lambillionea, 91 (2), 127 - 136." type="journal article">Toulgoët (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D17652FA277CFBF4FED6" box="[969,1093,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D17652FA277CFBF4FED6" box="[969,1093,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and maintained as such in the work of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28876D17651CF275FFD88FE3B" box="[252,569,367,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" refId="ref14997" refString="Vincent, B. & Laguerre, M. (2014) Catalogue of the NeotropicalArctiini Leach, [1815] (except Ctenuchina Kirby, 1837 and Euchromiina Butler, 1876) (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae). Zoosystema, 36 (2), 1 - 398." type="journal article">Vincent & Laguerre (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. I keep the species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D17652DA2741FBD5FE3B" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1901" box="[1001,1124,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D17652DA2741FBD5FE3B" box="[1001,1124,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Paranerita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to the fact that at the moment no phylogenetic studies exist that support the change to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D176525827A4FC59FE1E" box="[875,1000,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Trichromia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D176525827A4FC59FE1E" box="[875,1000,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Trichromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and because reviewing the genitalia of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D17650022789FDBCFE63" authority="Druce" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1883" box="[305,525,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Evius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyxenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D17650022789FDBCFE63" box="[305,525,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">E. polyxenus Druce</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D17653702789FC6FFE63" authority="(Cramer, 1777) (Phalaena)" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1777" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[579,990,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D17653702789FD17FE63" box="[579,678,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">T. onytes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28876D17653862788FCE1FE63" box="[693,848,440,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" refId="ref12588" refString="Cramer, P. (1777) De Uitlandsche Kapellen. Fol. 2. Chez S. J. Baalde, Amsterdam & Utrecht, 152 pp." type="book">Cramer, 1777</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D176525A2787FC65FE63" box="[873,980,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Phalaena</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which are
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D83AE18876D176556A2788FB38FE63" box="[1113,1161,440,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species for their genera, there are significant differences, so I believe it very unlikely that they are not congeneric.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC84438876D17651F427CFFB35FCAE" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The traits of the genitalia can be observed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2F9B28876D17653892430FCD0FDAB" box="[698,865,512,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" refId="ref15095" refString="Watson, A. (1971) An Illustrated Catalog of the NeotropicArctiinae Types in the United States National Museum (Lepidooptera: Arctiidae). Part. I. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 50, 1 - 361." type="journal article">Watson (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who has made the dissection of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D83AE18876D176540027CFFA28FDAB" box="[1331,1433,511,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D17650D22415FDC8FD8E" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1905" box="[481,633,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D17650D22415FDC8FD8E" box="[481,633,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P. complicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the yellow medial area on which wing being narrower towards costal margin, as well as the yellow area below M2, M3 and Cu1 being narrow. Almost at the center of this area, where the M2 originates, they do not present a dot of brown and red scales, which is observed in complicate. The hindwings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D176518A24A5FE90FD1D" authorityName="Grados" authorityYear="2018" box="[185,289,661,686]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kotolnuki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D176518A24A5FE90FD1D" box="[185,289,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">kotolnuki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a wide brown edge from M3 to 1A+2A. Regarding the genitalia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D176555724A5FB7DFD1D" authorityName="Grados" authorityYear="2018" box="[1124,1228,661,686]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kotolnuki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D176555724A5FB7DFD1D" box="[1124,1228,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">kotolnuki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears notoriously asymmetrical valvae, with sinusoidal inner margins, and the end of the left valva twice as wide as the right one; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D17651A424D0FEA2FD4A" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,275,736,761]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D17651A424D0FEA2FD4A" box="[151,275,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">complicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, valvae are almost simmetrical and not wide at the distal end. Vesica in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D176557C24D0FB06FD4A" authorityName="Grados" authorityYear="2018" box="[1103,1207,736,761]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kotolnuki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D176557C24D0FB06FD4A" box="[1103,1207,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">kotolnuki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears spicules from the base to the distal area, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63FFC08876D176530D2534FD0BFCAE" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1905" box="[574,698,772,797]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paranerita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91758518876D176530D2534FD0BFCAE" box="[574,698,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">complicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, spicules are only observed on the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |