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<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac083" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2620f0f-c702-454b-ae46-83f90899b86b" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797605" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" approvalRequired="10" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" approvalRequired_for_treatments="7" checkinTime="1680597792720" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grams, Markus, Klinger, Michael &amp; Richter, Stefan" docDate="2023" docId="D96287D14B763214D1E015CEFBE6114D" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac083.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/197/4/965/6795015" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Praunus flexuosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="990" masterDocId="255BFFA94B63320DD06E1361FFBE1340" masterDocTitle="Neither leg nor jaw-nor always the same: a critical revision of the eumalacostracan maxilliped" masterLastPageNumber="1004" masterPageNumber="965" pageNumber="986" updateTime="1681150147238" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neither leg nor jaw-nor always the same: a critical revision of the eumalacostracan maxilliped</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grams, Markus</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Klinger, Michael</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Richter, Stefan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-04-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>197</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:start>965</mods:start>
<mods:end>1004</mods:end>
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<mods:url>https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/197/4/965/6795015</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac083</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f2620f0f-c702-454b-ae46-83f90899b86b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7797605</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7814237" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D96287D14B763214D1E015CEFBE6114D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D96287D14B763214D1E015CEFBE6114D" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="990" pageId="21" pageNumber="986">
<subSubSection box="[398,646,1711,1734]" pageId="21" pageNumber="986" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="21.[296,646,1710,1735]" box="[398,646,1711,1734]" pageId="21" pageNumber="986">
<heading box="[398,646,1711,1734]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="986" reason="2">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6VXD2" ID-ENA="236572" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[398,646,1711,1734]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mysidae" genus="Praunus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mysida" pageId="21" pageNumber="986" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexuosus">
<emphasis box="[398,646,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="986">PRAUNUS FLEXUOSUS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="990" pageId="21" pageNumber="986" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="21.[163,780,1750,1895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="986">
The first and second thoracopods (Thp1 and Thp2) are modified in comparison to the third to eighth pairs (Thp3– 8) of pediform thoracopods. The following descriptions relate only to Thp1, based on a detailed examination of the right Thp1 of
<specimenCount box="[354,453,1873,1895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="986" type="male">five male</specimenCount>
individuals of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[614,739,1873,1895]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mysidae" genus="Praunus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mysida" pageId="21" pageNumber="986" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexuosus">
<emphasis box="[614,739,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="986">P. flexuosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1331,1711,1767]" pageId="21" pageNumber="986">
<emphasis box="[827,1331,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="986">
Cuticle and skeletal structures of Thp
<quantity box="[1286,1331,1711,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="986" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[827,971,1743,1767]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mysidae" genus="Praunus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mysida" pageId="21" pageNumber="986" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexuosus">P. flexuosus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1444,1783,1897]" pageId="21" pageNumber="986">The more or less rectangular protopod (more than twice as wide as long) consists of coxa and basis. The thorax cuticle proximal to the coxa is robust medially, anteriorly and posteriorly, but membranous laterally.</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797637/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="987" startId="22.[146,226,1605,1627]" targetBox="[369,1201,195,1575]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph blockId="22.[145,1425,1605,1715]" pageId="22" pageNumber="987">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[146,266,1605,1627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="987">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1857" box="[1129,1343,1605,1627]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Lophogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="22" pageNumber="987" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis box="[1129,1343,1605,1627]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="987">Lophogaster typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, B, white lines emphasize the proximal margin of the basis and the outline of the ischium. A, anterior view. B, posterior view. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; Co, Coxa; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lat, lateral. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 4.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="22.[145,761,1754,1899]" lastBlockId="24.[145,761,1723,1899]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="989" pageId="22" pageNumber="987">
The coxa is formed as a narrow, incomplete proximal ring of moderate robustness, open (i.e. membranous) anteromedially. The ends of the open ring are in contact with the thorax posteromedially and anteriorly, potentially establishing two articulation points, which would form a bicondylar articulation, mostly for adduction/abduction. Anteriorly, the narrow coxa is almost entirely hidden by the thorax. Posteriorly, the coxa forms a transversal invagination from its most medial to its most lateral extent (pCo in
<figureCitation box="[195,328,1756,1778]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
), where it forms an articulation with the epipod. Proximally to that articulation, the coxa continues by curving around the lateral side into the membranous area of the thorax and towards anterior. From its most lateral point, a sclerite reaches dorsad and forms another articulation with the epipod. Distal to the posterior invagination of the coxa, a wide membrane (mem in
<figureCitation box="[1125,1222,1818,1840]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
) connects the coxa to the basis. Posteromedially within this membrane sits a sclerite (presumably a fragment of the coxa), apparently articulating the basis with the thorax (Sc in
<figureCitation box="[175,270,1754,1776]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="989">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption box="[164,1208,196,218]" pageId="23" pageNumber="988" startId="23.[164,228,196,217]" targetBox="[163,1433,254,1607]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph blockId="23.[164,1208,196,218]" box="[164,1208,196,218]" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,254,196,217]" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Table 4.</emphasis>
Extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1857" box="[927,1135,196,218]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Lophogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="23" pageNumber="988" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis box="[927,1135,196,218]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Lophogaster typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<table box="[163,1433,254,1607]" colsContinueFrom="19.[163,1415,252,679]" colsContinueIn="28.[143,1392,252,917]" gridcols="4" gridrows="23" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<tr box="[163,1433,254,276]" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,254,276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Muscle</th>
<th box="[347,391,254,276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Size</th>
<th box="[459,929,254,276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Location of proximal attachment site (origin)</th>
<th box="[953,1433,254,276]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Location of distal attachment site (insertion)</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,309,360]" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,309,360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">TEp1 (Fig. 11C)</th>
<td box="[347,391,309,360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">///</td>
<td box="[459,929,309,360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Anteromedial, on sternum (thorax)</td>
<td box="[953,1433,309,360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterodorsal on sclerite S1 of epipod</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,368,420]" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,368,420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">TB1 (Fig. 11A, C)</th>
<td box="[347,391,368,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">/</td>
<td box="[459,929,368,420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterior on roof-like apodeme of thorax</td>
<td box="[953,1433,368,420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterolateral on posterior finger-like portion of basis; close to CB2 and CB3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,428,479]" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,428,479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">TB2 (Fig. 11C)</th>
<td box="[347,391,428,479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">//</td>
<td box="[459,1433,428,479]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Anterior on body wall of thoracomere; close to Posterior on proximal margin of basis the proximal margin of coxa</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,487,539]" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,487,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">CEp1 (Fig. 11A)</th>
<td box="[347,391,487,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">///</td>
<td box="[459,929,487,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Medial on wall of coxa</td>
<td box="[953,1433,487,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Anteroventral on sclerite S2 of epipod</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,547,598]" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,547,598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">CB1 (Fig. 11C)</th>
<td box="[347,391,547,598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">//</td>
<td box="[459,929,547,598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Anteromedial at proximal wall of coxa; proximomedial to CB4</td>
<td box="[953,1433,547,598]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterior on proximal margin of basis</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,606,657]" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,606,657]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">CB2 (Fig. 11A, C)</th>
<td box="[347,391,606,657]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">//</td>
<td box="[459,929,606,657]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterolateral on wall of coxa</td>
<td box="[953,1433,606,657]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterolateral on posterior finger-like portion of basis</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,665,717]" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,665,717]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">CB3 (Fig. 11C)</th>
<td box="[347,391,665,717]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">/</td>
<td box="[459,929,665,717]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Lateral on posterior invagination of coxa</td>
<td box="[953,1433,665,717]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterolateral on posterior finger-like portion of basis</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,725,776]" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,725,776]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">CB4 (Fig. 11A, C)</th>
<td box="[347,391,725,776]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">//</td>
<td box="[459,929,725,776]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Snteromedial on distal half of coxa; distal to CB1; medial to CB5</td>
<td box="[953,1433,725,776]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Anterior on proximal margin of basis; closely medial to CB5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,784,835]" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,784,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">CB5 (Fig. 11A, C)</th>
<td box="[347,391,784,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">//</td>
<td box="[459,929,784,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Anterior on proximal half of coxa; lateral to CB4</td>
<td box="[953,1433,784,835]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Anterior on proximal margin of basis; closely lateral to CB4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,843,895]" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,843,895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">BEx2 (Fig. 11A, C)</th>
<td box="[347,391,843,895]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">/</td>
<td box="[459,929,843,895]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posteromedial on narrow portion of lateral half of basis</td>
<td box="[953,1433,843,895]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterodorsal on exopod (i.e. On margin of proximal stem)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,903,954]" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,903,954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">ExP1 (Fig. 11A, C)</th>
<td box="[347,391,903,954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">//</td>
<td box="[459,929,903,954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Lateral on the proximal stem of exopod</td>
<td box="[953,1433,903,954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Medial on the first quarter of distal portion of exopod</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,962,1013]" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,962,1013]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">BIs1 (Fig. 12A, B)</th>
<td box="[347,391,962,1013]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">/</td>
<td box="[459,929,962,1013]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posteromedial at proximal margin of basis</td>
<td box="[953,1433,962,1013]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterolateral on proximal margin of ischium</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,1021,1073]" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,1021,1073]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">BIs2a (Fig. 12A, B)</th>
<td box="[347,391,1021,1073]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">//</td>
<td box="[459,929,1021,1073]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Medial at proximal margin of basis</td>
<td box="[953,1433,1021,1073]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Medial on proximal margin of ischium</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,1081,1132]" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,1081,1132]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">BIs2b (Fig. 12A, B)</th>
<td box="[347,391,1081,1132]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">//</td>
<td box="[459,929,1081,1132]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posteromedial at proximal margin of basis; close to BIs1 and BM1</td>
<td box="[953,1433,1081,1132]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posteromedial on proximal margin of ischium</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,1140,1192]" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,1140,1192]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">BM1 (Fig. 12A, B)</th>
<td box="[347,391,1140,1192]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">/</td>
<td box="[459,929,1140,1192]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posteromedial at proximal margin of basis</td>
<td box="[953,1433,1140,1192]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Lateral on proximal margin of merus</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,1200,1251]" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,1200,1251]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">BM2 (Fig. 12A, B)</th>
<td box="[347,391,1200,1251]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">/</td>
<td box="[459,929,1200,1251]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Medially at proximal margin of basis</td>
<td box="[953,1433,1200,1251]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posteromedial on proximal margin of merus</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,1259,1310]" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,1259,1310]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">MC1 (Fig. 12A, B)</th>
<td box="[347,391,1259,1310]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">/</td>
<td box="[459,929,1259,1310]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Anteromedial at proximal margin of merus</td>
<td box="[953,1433,1259,1310]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterolateral on proximal margin of carpus</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,1318,1370]" gridrow="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,1318,1370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">MC2 (Fig. 12A, B)</th>
<td box="[347,391,1318,1370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">//</td>
<td box="[459,929,1318,1370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Medial at proximal margin of merus</td>
<td box="[953,1433,1318,1370]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posteromedial on proximal margin of carpus</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,1378,1429]" gridrow="19" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,1378,1429]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">CP1 (Fig. 12A, B)</th>
<td box="[347,391,1378,1429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">//</td>
<td box="[459,929,1378,1429]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Lateral at proximal margin of carpus</td>
<td box="[953,1433,1378,1429]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Medially on proximal margin of propodus</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,1437,1488]" gridrow="20" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,1437,1488]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">CP2 (Fig. 12A, B)</th>
<td box="[347,391,1437,1488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">/</td>
<td box="[459,929,1437,1488]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Laterally at distal half of carpus</td>
<td box="[953,1433,1437,1488]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Lateral on proximal margin of propodus</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,1496,1548]" gridrow="21" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,1496,1548]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">PD1 (Fig. 12A, B)</th>
<td box="[347,391,1496,1548]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">//</td>
<td box="[459,929,1496,1548]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterolateral and anterolateral at proximal margin of propodus</td>
<td box="[953,1433,1496,1548]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Anteromedial on proximal margin of dactylus</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[163,1433,1556,1607]" gridrow="22" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<th box="[163,293,1556,1607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">PD2 (Fig. 12A, B)</th>
<td box="[347,391,1556,1607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">/</td>
<td box="[459,929,1556,1607]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Anterolateral at proximal margin of propodus</td>
<td box="[953,1433,1556,1607]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">Posterolateral on proximal margin of dactlyus</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[163,1443,1638,1677]" pageId="23" pageNumber="988">
<tableNote pageId="23" pageNumber="988" targetBox="[163,1433,254,1607]" targetPageId="23">Muscles are characterized by their proximal and distal attachment sites. Relative size (compared with one another, based on circumference) is specified by one (/ = ‘small’) to three (/// = ‘large’) slashes.</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="989" startId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" targetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph blockId="24.[143,1425,1444,1643]" pageId="24" pageNumber="989">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[143,258,1444,1466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="989">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Cuticle of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[667,855,1445,1467]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mysidae" genus="Praunus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mysida" pageId="24" pageNumber="989" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexuosus">
<emphasis box="[667,855,1445,1467]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="989">Praunus flexuosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="24.[145,761,1723,1899]" lastBlockId="24.[809,1425,1723,1899]" pageId="24" pageNumber="989">
Laterally attached to the coxa, a lamellar epipod is present (Ep in
<figureCitation box="[356,490,1815,1837]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="989">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
). Dorsally, it forms an articulation via a sclerite with the lateral coxa, while posteriorly, it articulates with the lateral extent of the coxa invagination. An anterior contact point with the lateral basis (lBa in
<figureCitation box="[1041,1136,1754,1776]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="989">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
) might constitute a third articulation point.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[809,1425,1723,1899]" lastBlockId="25.[163,780,197,1905]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="990" pageId="24" pageNumber="989">
The basis appears subdivided by two longitudinal constrictions (from anterior over ventral to posterior) into three distinguishable portions: a medial, a central and a lateral portion. The medial portion (mBa in
<figureCitation box="[163,294,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A–C</figureCitation>
) is fitted closely to the thoracic sternum (
<figureCitation box="[172,306,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
) and carries an endite anteromedially that extends in a distomedial direction (
<figureCitation box="[635,764,289,311]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
). Distally, the medial portion articulates via an anterior and a posterior articulation point (
<emphasis box="[583,595,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">+</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation box="[637,770,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
) with the endopod (i.e. the ischium). The constriction at the transition of the medial to the central portion forms a medial–central apodeme, serving as attachment site for one extrinsic exopod muscle (BEx1). The central and the lateral portions together form the distal (or ventral) wall of the basis (cBa and lBa in
<figureCitation box="[247,384,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
). The proximal anterior margin of these portions forms a transversal invagination (aBa in
<figureCitation box="[265,370,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
), serving as attachment site for two muscles (TB3 and BEx3). This invagination is most pronounced at its most medial and most lateral extent, respectively. The posterolateral margin of the lateral portion of the basis extends proximally towards the direction of the coxa, as a narrow cuticular beam; the basis and coxa are, in this area, separated by a wide interpodomeral membrane (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). Anterolaterally, the lateral portion of the basis curves proximolaterally, establishing a contact point (and possibly an articulation) with the epipod (Ep in
<figureCitation box="[163,259,964,986]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">
Distolaterally within the membrane of the lateral portion of the basis, the exopod (Ex in
<figureCitation box="[635,770,1025,1047]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
) articulates via an anterior and a posterior hinge point with the basis. The peduncle of the exopod comprises a short stem and a much longer distal portion, followed by a flagellum. The peduncle is broad and anteroposteriorly flattened, with a ventral bulge and a prominent distodorsal pointed protrusion. The peduncle articulates with the flagellum via an anteroventral articulation point. The cuticle of the first annulus is slightly more robust around this joint. All individuals examined exhibited a total of eight annuli (
<figureCitation box="[171,266,1362,1384]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">
The crescent-shaped endopod consists of the ischium, merus, carpus, propodus and dactylus. Anteriorly, the endopod describes a strong concave curvature (
<figureCitation box="[303,406,1485,1507]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
). The ischium (Is in
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
) is about as long as the proximodistal extent of the basis and carries medially a more or less distinct endite. A bicondylar articulation with the merus is realized by an anteromedial and a lateral articulation point, respectively (
<emphasis box="[728,740,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">+</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation box="[163,296,1669,1691]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">
The merus (Me in
<figureCitation box="[393,516,1700,1722]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
) is about as long as the ischium and carries medially a more or less distinct endite. A bicondylar articulation with the carpus is formed by an inwardly folded posterior edge and an anterior articulation point (
<emphasis box="[477,489,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">+</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation box="[526,652,1822,1844]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[163,780,197,1905]" lastBlockId="25.[827,1443,197,525]" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">
The carpus (Ca in
<figureCitation box="[418,554,1853,1875]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
) is about twice as long as the merus. A bicondylar articulation with the propodus is formed by an anterior and a posterior articulation point, respectively (
<emphasis box="[1191,1203,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">+</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation box="[1240,1365,227,249]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[827,1443,197,525]" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">
The propodus (Pr in
<figureCitation box="[1103,1237,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
) is about half as long as the carpus. Its distal opening is not oriented distally but is ~90° displaced in a medial direction. A bicondylar articulation with the dactylus is formed by a medial and a lateral articulation point, respectively (
<emphasis box="[835,847,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">+</emphasis>
in
<figureCitation box="[884,1009,411,433]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[827,1443,197,525]" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">
The dactylus is relatively short and rounded (Da in
<figureCitation box="[861,1001,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[143,221,1444,1466]" captionTargetBox="[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-120@24.[273,1297,195,1415]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Cuticleof thoracopod 1(Thp1; right) of Praunus flexuosus (male); micro-computed tomography volume rendering; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but basis not coloured; black dashed lines emphasize the margins and constrictions of the basis. A, anterior view; orange colour field emphasizes the anterior basis invagination. B, C, posteromedial coxa sclerite emphasized by grey outline. B, posterior view. C, detailed view of posteromedial coxa sclerite. Abbreviations: aBa, anterior invagination of basis; Ca, carpus; cBa, central portion of basis; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; Is, ischium; lBa, lateral portion of basis; mBa, medial portion of basis; Me, merus; med, medial; pCo, posterior invagination of coxa; Pr, propodus; Sc, posteromedial coxa sclerite; Th, thorax; *, articulation points." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797641/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="990">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
), with its distal setose tip facing a proximomedial direction.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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