491 lines
90 KiB
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491 lines
90 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac083" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2620f0f-c702-454b-ae46-83f90899b86b" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797605" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" approvalRequired="10" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" approvalRequired_for_treatments="7" checkinTime="1680597792720" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grams, Markus, Klinger, Michael & Richter, Stefan" docDate="2023" docId="D96287D14B6A321DD47616F9FEEC11A4" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac083.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/197/4/965/6795015" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Meganyctiphanes norvegica" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="981" masterDocId="255BFFA94B63320DD06E1361FFBE1340" masterDocTitle="Neither leg nor jaw-nor always the same: a critical revision of the eumalacostracan maxilliped" masterLastPageNumber="1004" masterPageNumber="965" pageNumber="974" updateTime="1681150147238" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Neither leg nor jaw-nor always the same: a critical revision of the eumalacostracan maxilliped</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Grams, Markus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Klinger, Michael</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Richter, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>197</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>965</mods:start>
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<mods:end>1004</mods:end>
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<mods:url>https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/197/4/965/6795015</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac083</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f2620f0f-c702-454b-ae46-83f90899b86b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7797605</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814232" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7814232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D96287D14B6A321DD47616F9FEEC11A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D96287D14B6A321DD47616F9FEEC11A4" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="981" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
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<subSubSection box="[1048,1410,1432,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[860,1410,1431,1456]" box="[1048,1410,1432,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3YWJ6" ID-ENA="48144" baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1048,1410,1432,1455]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euphausiidae" genus="Meganyctiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euphausiacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="974" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegica">
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<emphasis box="[1048,1410,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">MEGANYCTIPHANES NORVEGICA</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="981" pageId="9" pageNumber="974" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1443,1472,1586]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
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The first pair of thoracopods (
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<figureCitation box="[1195,1282,1472,1494]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
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) to Thp7 are all similar, whereas Thp8 is vestigial. The following descriptions are based on a detailed examination of the right Thp1 of
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<specimenCount box="[1027,1154,1564,1586]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974" type="adult">three adult</specimenCount>
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females of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1283,1429,1564,1586]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euphausiidae" genus="Meganyctiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euphausiacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="974" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegica">
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<emphasis box="[1283,1429,1564,1586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">M. norƲegica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1416,1650,1706]" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
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<emphasis box="[827,1416,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">Cuticle and skeletal structures of thoracopods in</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[827,986,1682,1706]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euphausiidae" genus="Meganyctiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euphausiacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="974" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegica">M. norvegica</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1443,1723,1898]" lastBlockId="11.[163,780,1574,1903]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="976" pageId="9" pageNumber="974">
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The following description refers collectively to Thp1–7, if not specified otherwise. The ventral cuticle of the first thoracomere is coalesced with that of the cephalon. The density of the cuticle of this cephalothoracic sternum appears higher than in the posterior thoracomeres. Anteriorly, the thoracic cuticle articulates with the maxilla, which is tightly fitted against the anterior wall of the coxa and basis of Thp1. In all thoracomeres, the posterior thoracic cuticle is folded in an anterior direction, forming a broad roof-like apodeme (partly dashed curved arrow in
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<figureCitation box="[1079,1188,1783,1805]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="975">Fig. 7B, C</figureCitation>
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) of moderate density that hangs over the posterior half of the proximal foramen of the leg (i.e. of the coxa). Medially, the cuticle of the thorax forms a posterolaterally and dorsally directed finger-like extension (dashed black outline on Th in
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<figureCitation box="[231,312,1605,1627]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="976">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797617" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797617/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="975" startId="10.[146,227,1501,1523]" targetBox="[353,1217,195,1471]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[145,1426,1501,1729]" pageId="10" pageNumber="975">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[146,256,1501,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="975">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Muscles in the protopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2016" box="[892,1138,1501,1523]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="975" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
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<emphasis box="[892,1138,1501,1523]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="975">Anaspides richardsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, B, similar orientation with different muscles blanked out; dotted white lines emphasize the outline of the basis, the ventral margin of the proximal epipod, the thorax, the proximal endite and the endoskeletal ligament in the coxa; posterior coxa is coloured light blue; intrabasis is coloured light grey. A, posterior view; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posteromedial apodeme of the thorax. B, posterior view with proximal endoskeleton. Abbreviations: Ba, basis; dEp, distal epipod; dis, distal; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; lat, lateral; Lg, ligament in coxa; med, medial; pCo, posterior coxa; pEn, proximal endite; pEp, proximal epipod; pEs, proximal endoskeleton between thorax and coxa; prox, proximal; Th, thorax. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797619" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797619/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="976" startId="11.[164,245,1385,1407]" targetBox="[291,1315,195,1355]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[163,1443,1385,1525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="976">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,273,1385,1407]" pageId="11" pageNumber="976">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Muscles in the endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2016" box="[909,1155,1385,1407]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="976" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
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<emphasis box="[909,1155,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="976">Anaspides richardsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, posterior view; dashed line emphasizes the proximal margin of the basis. B, anterior view; dashed line outlines concealed muscle CD1; dactylus indicated only by white outline; muscle PD2 blanked out. C, posterolateral view. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus; prox, proximal. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 2.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[163,780,1574,1903]" lastBlockId="13.[163,780,803,1898]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="978" pageId="11" pageNumber="976">
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The protopod of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[372,518,1636,1657]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euphausiidae" genus="Meganyctiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euphausiacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="976" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegica">
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<emphasis box="[372,518,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="976">M. norƲegica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comprises a coxa (onethird) and a subdivided basis (two-thirds of the total length of the protopod). The coxa is predominantly made up of its more solid distal margin, which forms a half-ring reaching from posterior over medial to anterolateral (Co in
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<figureCitation box="[407,493,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="976">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
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), where it connects to a plate of less dense cuticle. From the anterolateral corner of this plate, a solid cuticular beam reaches dorsad (Cb in
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<figureCitation box="[192,302,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="976">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
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) and articulates with the thorax (*l in
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<figureCitation box="[737,892,1575,1903]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="976">Fig. 7B–D</figureCitation>
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). Posterolateral on the coxa, an epipod arises, which on Thp1 is plate-like (Ep in
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<figureCitation box="[1205,1313,1605,1627]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="976">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
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), extending somewhat dorsad, but mostly ventrad (almost reaching the exopod). On the posterior thoracopods, the epipod splits into two coiled branches (one dorsal and one ventral) that ramify into several smaller filaments; on Thp6–8, the epipods show the highest complexity, with an additional ventral off-branch that ramifies in a similar way. Medially attached to the coxa of Thp1, a setose endite is present (En,
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<figureCitation box="[1183,1297,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="976">Fig. 7A, C</figureCitation>
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). The endite forms the medial articulation point with the thorax, immediately beneath the finger-like extension (*m in
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<figureCitation box="[163,247,834,856]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
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). On the following thoracopods, the endite is much smaller, if present at all (
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<figureCitation box="[539,624,865,887]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apart from the cuticular half-ring constituting the distal margin of the coxa, its anterior and posterior parts are mostly membranous, with two (posterior and posterolateral) invaginations. The posterolateral invagination forms a tight proximodistal fold, which expands into the central space of the coxa (curved arrows in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[678,763,1049,1071]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
), where it forms a solid and highly complex endoskeletal structure (dark blue part of Co in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[559,675,1110,1132]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also the Supporting Information, Video S1). Starting from a posterolateral arm, the structure reaches into the centre of the coxa, where it expands into the dorsal and ventral directions. Dorsally, it reaches onto the roof-like apodeme of the thorax. Ventrally, it reaches onto the proximal margin of the basis by extending another two straight arms in anterior and posterior directions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="05B4664F4B6F3201D0FF13A5FB68139A" box="[145,1238,196,218]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/05B4664F4B6F3201D0FF13A5FB68139A" pageId="12" pageNumber="977" startId="12.[145,209,196,217]" targetBox="[144,1416,254,1903]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[145,1238,196,218]" box="[145,1238,196,218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,235,196,217]" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Extrinsic and intrinsic muscles in thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahyong" authorityYear="2016" box="[911,1146,196,218]" class="Malacostraca" family="Anaspididae" genus="Anaspides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anaspidacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[911,1146,196,218]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anaspides richardsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<table box="[144,1416,254,1903]" colsContinueIn="13.[163,1435,244,702]" gridcols="4" gridrows="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,254,276]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,254,276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Muscle</th>
|
||
<th box="[295,339,254,276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Size</th>
|
||
<th box="[363,879,254,276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Location of proximal attachment site (origin)</th>
|
||
<th box="[901,1416,254,276]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Location of distal attachment site (insertion)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,309,360]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,309,360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">TC1 (Fig. 5A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,309,360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,309,360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial on roof apodeme of thorax</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,309,360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Medial on posterior invagination of coxa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,368,420]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,368,420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">TC2 (Fig. 5A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,368,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,368,420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">On posterolateral body wall of thoracomere</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,368,420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial on proximal endite of coxa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,428,479]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,428,479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">TC3 (Fig. 5B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,428,479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,428,479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterior on body wall of thoracomere</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,428,479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anteromedial on proximal margin of coxa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,487,539]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,487,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">TC4 (Fig. 5B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,487,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,487,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterior on body wall of thoracomere</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,487,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterior on proximal margin of coxa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,547,598]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,547,598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">TC5 (Fig. 5A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,547,598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,547,598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterolateral on body wall of thoracomere (pleuron)</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,547,598]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posterolateral on posterior invagination of coxa</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,606,657]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,606,657]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">TC6 (Fig. 5B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,606,657]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,606,657]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterolateral, on infolding of lateral wall of thoracomere; close to proximal margin of coxa</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,606,657]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterior on endoskeletal ligament plane be- tween anterior coxa and posterior invagination</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,665,717]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,665,717]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">TEp1 (Fig. 5A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,665,717]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,665,717]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">On posteromedial body wall of thoracomere; close to margin of coxa</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,665,717]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posterolateral on posterior coxa plate; close to the origin of distal epipod</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,725,776]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,725,776]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">TIn1 (Fig. 5B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,725,776]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,725,776]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Lateral on body wall of thoracomere (pleuron)</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,725,776]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterolateral on proximal margin of intrabasis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,784,835]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,784,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">TB1 (Fig. 5A, B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,784,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,784,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">On anteromedial extension of proximal endoskel- eton; close to edge of thorax</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,784,835]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anteromedial on proximal margin of basis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,873,924]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,873,924]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">TB2 (Fig. 5A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,873,924]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,873,924]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial on roof apodeme of thorax</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,873,924]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posterior on proximal margin of basis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,932,983]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,932,983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">TB3 (Fig. 5A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,932,983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,932,983]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial on roof apodeme of thorax; close to M4</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,932,983]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial on proximal margin of basis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,991,1043]" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,991,1043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">CEp1 (Fig. 5A, B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,991,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,991,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">On posteromedial extension of proximal endo- skeleton; close to proximal margin of coxa</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,991,1043]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Lateral on anterior coxa, close to the origin of proximal epipod</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1051,1102]" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1051,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">CIn1 (Fig. 5A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1051,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1051,1102]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial on margin of proximal endite</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1051,1102]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Distal on anterolateral wall of intrabasis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1110,1191]" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1110,1191]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">CIn2 (Fig. 5B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1110,1191]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1110,1191]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial, on posterior coxa plate and anteromedial extension of proximal endoskel- eton</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1110,1191]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterolateral on proximal margin of intrabasis; close to M8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1199,1250]" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1199,1250]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">CB1 (Fig. 5B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1199,1250]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1199,1250]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">On anteromedial extension of proximal endoskel- eton of coxa</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1199,1250]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial on proximal margin of basis; close to M21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1258,1310]" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1258,1310]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">CB2 (Fig. 5A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1258,1310]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1258,1310]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial on posterior coxa plate</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1258,1310]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">On posterior margin of basis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1318,1369]" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1318,1369]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">CB3 (Fig. 5A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1318,1369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1318,1369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial on posterior invagination of coxa</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1318,1369]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posterolateral on proximal margin of basis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1377,1428]" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1377,1428]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">CB4 (Fig. 5A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1377,1428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1377,1428]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posterolateral on posterior invagination of coxa</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1377,1428]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posterolateral on proximal margin of basis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1436,1488]" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1436,1488]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">CB5 (Fig. 5B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1436,1488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1436,1488]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">On anterior extension of proximal endoskeleton; close to proximal margin of coxa</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1436,1488]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial on proximal margin of basis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1496,1547]" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1496,1547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">InB1 (Fig. 5A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1496,1547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1496,1547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterolateral on distal margin of intrabasis</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1496,1547]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posterolateral on proximal margin of basis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1555,1606]" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1555,1606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">BIs1 (Fig. 6A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1555,1606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1555,1606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posterolateral on wall of basis</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1555,1606]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posterolateral on proximal margin of endopod (ischium)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1614,1666]" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1614,1666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">BIs2 (Fig. 6A)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1614,1666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1614,1666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">On medial half of posterior wall of basis</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1614,1666]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial on proximal margin of endopod (ischium)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1674,1725]" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1674,1725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">IsM1 (Fig. 6A, B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1674,1725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1674,1725]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posteromedial to posterolateral at proximal margin of ischium</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1674,1725]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posterior on proximal margin of merus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1733,1784]" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1733,1784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">IsM2 (Fig. 6B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1733,1784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1733,1784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterior at proximal margin of ischium</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1733,1784]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterior on proximal margin of merus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1792,1844]" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1792,1844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">MC1 (Fig. 6B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1792,1844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1792,1844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterior to anteromedial at proximal half of merus</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1792,1844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Anterior on proximal margin of carpus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,1416,1852,1903]" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">
|
||
<th box="[144,263,1852,1903]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">MC2 (Fig. 6A–C)</th>
|
||
<td box="[295,339,1852,1903]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">///</td>
|
||
<td box="[363,879,1852,1903]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">As two strands medial and lateral at proximal margin of merus</td>
|
||
<td box="[901,1416,1852,1903]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="977">Posterior on proximal margin of carpus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[164,370,197,219]" box="[164,370,197,219]" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,254,197,218]" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Continued
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<table box="[163,1435,244,702]" colsContinueFrom="12.[144,1416,254,1903]" colsContinueIn="18.[145,1405,254,1874]" gridcols="4" gridrows="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,244,266]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,244,266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Muscle</th>
|
||
<th box="[313,357,244,266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Size</th>
|
||
<th box="[382,896,244,266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Location of proximal attachment site (origin)</th>
|
||
<th box="[920,1435,244,266]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Location of distal attachment site (insertion)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,294,316]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,294,316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">CP1</th>
|
||
<td box="[313,357,294,316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[382,896,294,316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Posterior at proximal margin of carpus</td>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,294,316]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Posterior on proximal half-ring at margin of</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,324,346]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="978" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,324,346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">(Fig. 6B, C)</th>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,324,346]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">propodus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,354,376]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,354,376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">CP2</th>
|
||
<td box="[313,357,354,376]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[382,896,354,376]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Lateral at proximal half of carpus</td>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,354,376]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Anterolateral on proximal half-ring at margin of</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,383,405]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="978" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,383,405]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">(Fig. 6C)</th>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,383,405]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">propodus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,413,435]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,413,435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">CP3</th>
|
||
<td box="[313,357,413,435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[382,896,413,435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Anterolateral at about half of carpus</td>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,413,435]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Anterolateral on proximal margin of propodus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,442,464]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="978" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,442,464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">(Fig. 6C)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,472,494]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,472,494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">CP4</th>
|
||
<td box="[313,357,472,494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[382,896,472,494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Anterior at proximal margin of carpus</td>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,472,494]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Anteromedial on proximal half-ring at margin of</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,502,524]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="978" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,502,524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">(Fig. 6B)</th>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,502,524]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">propodus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,532,554]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,532,554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">CD1</th>
|
||
<td box="[313,357,532,554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[382,896,532,554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Posterior on proximal margin of carpus</td>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,532,554]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Posterior on proximal margin of dactylus; to-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,561,583]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="978" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,561,583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">(Fig. 6B, C)</th>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,561,583]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">gether with M31</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,591,613]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,591,613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">PD1</th>
|
||
<td box="[313,357,591,613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">//</td>
|
||
<td box="[382,896,591,613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Posterior at proximal margin of propodus; closely</td>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,591,613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Posterior on proximal margin of dactylus; around</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,620,642]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="978" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,620,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">(Fig. 6B, C)</th>
|
||
<td box="[382,896,620,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">proximal to M30</td>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,620,642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">M30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,650,672]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<th box="[163,280,650,672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">PD2</th>
|
||
<td box="[313,357,650,672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">/</td>
|
||
<td box="[382,896,650,672]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Anterior at proximal margin of propodus</td>
|
||
<td box="[920,1435,650,672]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Anterior on proximal margin of dactylus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[163,1435,680,702]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<th box="[163,1435,680,702]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">(Fig. 6C)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[163,1443,733,771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
<tableNote pageId="13" pageNumber="978" targetBox="[163,1435,244,702]" targetPageId="13">Muscles are characterized by their proximal and distal attachment sites. Relative size (compared with one another, based on circumference) is specified by one (/ = ‘small’) to three (/// = ‘large’) slashes.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[163,780,803,1898]" lastBlockId="13.[827,1443,803,1898]" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
The basis comprises a solid distal part (Ba in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas its proximal part (InB in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[654,770,1386,1408]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
) consists of three posterior and lateral plates and a broad anterior part. Owing to the resemblance to the anaspidan intrabasis, the proximal part(s) of the basis are referred to as the intrabasis in the following description. The anterior part of the intrabasis is separated from the larger distal basis by an inconspicuous furrow (dashed white line in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anteriorly, it forms a small bulb at its proximal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[265,349,1662,1684]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
), into which the anterior arm of the coxal endoskeleton reaches. Proximal to the anterior bulb, at the proximal margin of the intrabasis, sits a somewhat triangular plate (white outline on InB and partly dashed curved arrow in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[596,683,1784,1806]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
), which articulates with the coxa (a
|
||
<emphasis box="[508,520,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">+</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[565,654,1815,1837]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Another articulation point is realized between the coxa and the posteromedial plate of the intrabasis (p
|
||
<emphasis box="[682,694,1877,1898]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">+</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[734,860,804,1898]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
), resulting overall in a bicondylar coxa–intrabasis articulation (ax Co-InB in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1130,1211,834,856]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The medial cuticle of the distal basis appears robust, whereas laterally it is mostly membranous. In this area, two rigid, finger-like structures emerge (one posterolateral and another distoanterolateral) and articulate with two hook-like structures of the exopod (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1231,1342,987,1009]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also Supporting Information, Video S1). The posterolateral articulation is supported by a longish sclerite positioned immediately distal to the posterolateral finger. The medial cuticle of the distal basis appears robust and carries numerous setae. Distally, the basis is coalesced with the endopod (i.e. with the ischium), with a clear suture but no interpodomere membrane or articulation points (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1089,1203,1232,1254]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[827,1443,803,1898]" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
Within the lateral membrane of the distal basis, the exopod attaches (Ex in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1154,1272,1294,1316]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its peduncle comprises a short posteroventral stem and a much longer distal portion, followed by the flagellum. The peduncle is anteroposteriorly flattened and has a prominent distodorsal pointed protrusion. Proximally, the peduncle articulates with the basis both anterolaterally and posterolaterally via hook-like structures (one from the peduncle stem and one from the distal portion) that are interlocked with the finger-like structures of the distal basis (short arrow in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1133,1213,1570,1592]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also Supporting Information, Video S1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[827,1443,803,1898]" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">
|
||
The endopod consists of the ischium, merus, carpus, propodus and dactylus. The ischium (Is in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1305,1391,1662,1684]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[305,1265,195,1648]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Figs 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1402,1434,1662,1683]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
) is about twice as long as the protopod. Anteriorly, the ischium forms an articulation with the merus (arrow in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[856,939,1754,1776]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, posteriorly an articulation point is not clearly identifiable. Nevertheless, the proximal margin of the merus forms a prominent posterolateral protrusion, which overlaps slightly with the distal margin of the ischium (dashed line in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1269,1353,1876,1898]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="978">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797621/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="979" startId="14.[145,227,1678,1700]" targetBox="[305,1265,195,1648]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[145,1425,1678,1876]" pageId="14" pageNumber="979">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,256,1678,1700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="979">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Cuticle of thoracopod (Thp) 1 and Thp3 (right) of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[828,1133,1678,1700]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euphausiidae" genus="Meganyctiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euphausiacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="979" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[828,1133,1678,1700]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="979">Meganyctiphanes norƲegica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A–D, Thp1; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1, but with coxal endoskeleton highlighted in darker blue. A, B, epipod emphasized by white outline. C, D, epipod blanked out. A, anterior view. B, dorsal view of protopod; endopod blanked out; partly dashed curved arrow emphasizes the posterior apodeme of the thorax; black dashed line emphasizes the finger-like posterodorsal extension of the thorax; white dashed line emphasizes anterior invagination of the intrabasis, proximal to the anterior bulb; black lines emphasize the outlines of the posterior thorax apodeme, individual parts of the coxa and the proximodorsal hook of the exopod (small arrow). C, anterior view; dashed white line emphasizes
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="980" startId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" targetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[163,1443,1008,1236]" pageId="15" pageNumber="980">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,272,1008,1030]" pageId="15" pageNumber="980">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[853,1154,1008,1030]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euphausiidae" genus="Meganyctiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euphausiacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="980" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norvegica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[853,1154,1008,1030]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="980">Meganyctiphanes norƲegica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[163,779,1280,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="980">
|
||
The merus (Me in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[384,461,1280,1302]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="980">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
) appears slightly longer than the ischium. Two long sclerites/tendons emerge laterally and medially from the proximal margin of the merus and reach far into the ischium. A bicondylar articulation with the carpus is formed by a medial and a lateral articulation point, respectively (ax Me-Ca in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[650,728,1433,1455]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="980">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[163,779,1280,1578]" lastBlockId="15.[827,1443,1280,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="980">
|
||
The carpus (Ca in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[396,477,1464,1486]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="980">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
) measures approximately one-third of the total length of the merus. One short and two long sclerites/tendons emerge anteriorly (long) and posteriorly (long and short) from the proximal margin of the carpus and reach far into the merus. The distal margin forms anteriorly a noselike condyle that articulates with a broad anterior depression at the proximal margin of the propodus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,965,1402,1424]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="980">Fig. 8B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). A thin, longish sclerite articulates laterally with the distal margin of the carpus and posteriorly with the proximal margin of the propodus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,958,1494,1516]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="980">Fig. 8B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Combined, these structures probably realize a somewhat less restricted bicondylar articulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[163,1444,1643,1899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="980">the furrow between the intrabasis and basis; black lines emphasize individual plates of the coxa; white lines and partly dashed curved arrows emphasize the posterior thorax apodeme and the proximal anterior triangular plate of the intrabasis. D, posterior view; dashed white line emphasizes the posterior plates of the intrabasis; dashed white circle indicates the anterior bulb of the intrabasis; black lines emphasize individual parts of the coxa and the margins of the intrabasis; curved arrows indicate posterolateral coxa invagination. E, Thp3, anterior view; dashed line emphasizes the furrow between intrabasis and basis. Abbreviations: a*, anterior articulation point; ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ba, basis; Ca, carpus; Cb, proximolateral cuticular beam of coxa; Co, coxa; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; En, endite; Ep, epipod; Ex, exopod; InB, intrabasis; Is, ischium; l* and *l, lateral articulation point; lat, lateral; *m, medial articulation point; Me, merus; med, medial; p*, posterior articulation point; Pr, propodus; prox, proximal; Th, thorax.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[145,761,197,740]" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">
|
||
The propodus (Pr in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[410,493,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
) is about twice as long as the carpus. One short and three long sclerites/ tendons emerge from the anteromedial, posteromedial, anterolateral (all three long) and posterolateral (short) corners of the proximal margin of the propodus and reach into the carpus. The propodus articulates with the dactylus by a medial and a lateral articulation point, respectively (ax Pr-Da in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[506,586,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[145,761,197,740]" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">
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The dactylus is about half the length of the propodus in Thp1 (Da in
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<figureCitation box="[336,430,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[163,244,1008,1030]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[323,1283,195,978]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. Cuticle of endopod of thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; colour code of podomeres as in Figure 1. B, C, details of carpus–propodus joint; white lines emphasize the distal margin of the carpus; orange lines emphasize the proximal margin of the propodus. B–D, macerated samples; volume rendering using PHYSICS.ICOL COLORMAP (see colour scale at bottom of D). B, distolateral view. C, proximomedial view; medial wall of carpus blanked out. D, dorsal view of ischium–merus joint, from inside the ischium; white line emphasizes the distal margin of the ischium; dashed line emphasizes the prominent protrusion of the proximal merus margin. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; ax, articulation axis between […]; Ca, carpus; Da, dactylus; dis, distal; Is, ischium; lat, lateral; Me, merus; Pr, propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797623/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">Figs 8A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[447,479,473,494]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[162,242,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1442]" captionTargetId="figure-147@17.[323,1283,195,1442]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Muscles in thoracopod 1 (Thp1; right) of Meganyctiphanes norƲegica (female); micro-computed tomography volume rendering. A, anterior view; some muscles blanked out. B, posterior view; all muscles visualized. C, detailed posterior view of protopod; some muscles blanked out. D, detailed posterior view of protopod, with different muscles blanked out; coxal endoskeleton indicated by dashed outline; red circle emphasizes anterior muscle CIn2. E, posterior view of endopod, with carpus magnified in upper right box, showing split distal attachments of muscles CP1 (blue lines) and CP2 (yellow lines); distal parts (or tendons) of muscles PD1 (purple) and PD2 (green) emphasized by dotted lines. Abbreviations: dis, distal; lat, lateral; med, medial. Numbered muscle labels are as in Table 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7797627/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="981">9E</figureCitation>
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) and somewhat longer than half the propodus in the posterior thoracopods. Two long sclerites/tendons emerge anteriorly and posteriorly from the proximal margin of the dactylus and reach into the propodus. The podomere tapers from its proximal to its distal margin, except for Thp2, where it is more lateromedially flattened, forming a slight distoposterior bulge before tapering towards a distoanterior tip.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |