435 lines
35 KiB
XML
435 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.4.60570" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a34618a5-4c89-43b7-ab64-0f099ab324b1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223984" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-109" ID-Pensoft-UUID="04FC47F2E2515F16BD14A2F5773CC804" ID-ZooBank="A61632B8D3D14D1883B89009156A3FAD" ModsDocID="2535-0730-4-2-109" checkinTime="1621372743577" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kalki, Yatin, Gowda, Sachin, Agnivamshi, Manu, Singh, Karthik, Patel, Harshil & Mirza, Zeeshan A." docDate="2020" docId="99A010BF79CF5961A0DC27B1072FC149" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 4(2): 109-118" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 4 (2)" docPubDate="2020-12-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.4.60570" docTitle="Lycodon deccanensis Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel 2020" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="04FC47F2E2515F16BD14A2F5773CC804" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="04FC47F2E2515F16BD14A2F5773CC804" masterDocTitle="On the taxonomy and systematics of the recently described Lycodon deccanensis Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel, 2020 (Serpentes, Colubridae) from India" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="109" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" updateTime="1643446665240" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>On the taxonomy and systematics of the recently described Lycodon deccanensis Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel, 2020 (Serpentes, Colubridae) from India</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kalki, Yatin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Madras Crocodile Bank Trust / Centre for Herpetology, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu 603104, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gowda, Sachin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Wildlife Awareness and Reptile Conservation Organization (WARCO), Tumkur, Karnataka 572103, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Agnivamshi, Manu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Wildlife Awareness and Reptile Conservation Organization (WARCO), Tumkur, Karnataka 572103, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Singh, Karthik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Wildlife Awareness and Reptile Conservation Organization (WARCO), Tumkur, Karnataka 572103, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Patel, Harshil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4679-5211</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mirza, Zeeshan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-12-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>109</mods:start>
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<mods:end>118</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.4.60570</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.4.60570</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-2-109</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A61632B8D3D14D1883B89009156A3FAD</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">04FC47F2E2515F16BD14A2F5773CC804</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99A010BF79CF5961A0DC27B1072FC149" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/99A010BF79CF5961A0DC27B1072FC149" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName LSID="99A010BF-79CF-5961-A0DC-27B1072FC149" authority="Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel, 2020" authorityName="Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon deccanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deccanensis">Lycodon deccanensis Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel, 2020</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010, (a) dorsal aspect, (b) ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486953" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010 showing head, (a) dorsal aspect, (b) ventral aspect, (c) right lateral aspect, (d) left lateral aspect." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486954" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010 in life showing dorsal patterning and colouration (a), close-up of the head (b). Photo by Zeeshan A. Mirza." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486955" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lycodon deccanensis female BNHS 3610 in life showing dorsal patterning and colouration. Photo by Zeeshan A. Mirza." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486956" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">, 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Uncorrected p-distance (sequence divergence) for members of the Lycodon aulicus clade." pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Table 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-06-17" collectorName="Yatin Kalki, Sachin Gowda, Manu Agnivamshi, Karthik Singh, Zeeshan A. Mirza" country="India" elevation="1093" latitude="13.375778" location="Devarayanadurga" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.210976" municipality="Tumkur District" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
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adult male, NCBS NRC-AA-0010 collected from
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:99A010BF79CF5961A0DC27B1072FC149:0E525EDC1E692D78D4CC9382B8D6C93E" country="India" latitude="13.375778" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.210976" municipality="Tumkur District" name="Devarayanadurga" stateProvince="Karnataka">Devarayanadurga</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Tumkur District</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="India" name="Karnataka">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="India">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13.375778" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="13.375778">13.375778°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="77.210972" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="77.210976">77.210972°E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.093" unit="m" value="1093.0">
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elevation
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.093" unit="m" value="1093.0">1093 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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, datum WGS84) by
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<collectorName>Yatin Kalki</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>Sachin Gowda</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>Manu Agnivamshi</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>Karthik Singh</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName>Zeeshan A. Mirza</collectorName>
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on
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<collectingDate value="2020-06-17">17 June 2020</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-06-19" collectorName="Zeeshan A. Mirza" country="India" elevation="1093" latitude="13.375778" location="Devarayanadurga" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.210976" municipality="Tumkur District" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
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Adult female, BNHS 3601, collected from the same locality by Manu Agnivamshi, Sachin Gowda, Yatin Kalki and
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<collectorName>Zeeshan A. Mirza</collectorName>
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on
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<collectingDate value="2020-06-19">19 June 2020</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">(based on recently collected material).</emphasis>
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A small sized species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Lycodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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measuring SVL 300-350 mm, bearing 17 smooth DSR at midbody. Loreal in contact with internasal and preocular not in contact with frontal. Nine supralabials of which 3rd to 5th touch eye. Anal shield undivided. Ventrals 204-214 and subcaudals 66-69. Hemipenis cylindrical, not forked, with long spikes in distal half.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Comparison.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon deccanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deccanensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Lycodon deccanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from congeners recorded from India and those bearing 17 DSR from south Asia, in bearing the following different or non-overlapping characters: 17 smooth DSR at midbody (vs. 13 and 15 DSR in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. nympha" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="nympha">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. nympha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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respectively, DSR keeled in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. fasciatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. fasciatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Anderson, 1879),
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. gammiei" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="gammiei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. gammiei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Blanford, 1878) and
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. septentrionalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. septentrionalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Gunther, 1875)), nine supralabials (vs. eight in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. striatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="striatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. striatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. mackinnoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. mackinnoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wall, 1906 and
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. fasciatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. fasciatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 6 or 7 in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. nympha" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="nympha">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. nympha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) ventrals 204-214 (vs. 174-186 in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. anamallensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="anamallensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. anamallensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 165-183 in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. flavomaculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="flavomaculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. flavomaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 167-188 in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. jara" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="jara">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. jara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Shaw, 1802), 218-237 in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. tiwarii" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="tiwarii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. tiwarii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Biswas & Sanyal, 1965, 176-206 in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. travancoricus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="travancoricus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. travancoricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 154-195 in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. striatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="striatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. striatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 163-187 in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. laoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="laoensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. laoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Gunther, 1864), anal plate undivided (divided in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. aulicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="aulicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. aulicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. flavicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. flavicollis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. nympha" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="nympha">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. nympha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. striatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="striatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. striatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. anamallensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="anamallensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. anamallensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. flavomaculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="flavomaculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. flavomaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. hypsirhinoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="hypsirhinoides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. hypsirhinoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Theobald, 1868)), a single preocular present (vs. preocular absent in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. subcinctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="subcinctus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. subcinctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Boie, 1827), loreal in contact with internasal (vs. not in contact in
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. travancoricus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="travancoricus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. travancoricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. zawi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="zawi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. zawi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Slowinski, Pawar, Win, Thin, Gyi, Oo & Tun, 2001).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Description of male NCBS NRC-AA-0010</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010, (a) dorsal aspect, (b) ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486953" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">1</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
|
|
The specimen is in good condition preserved in a coil with its head resting outside the coil. The specimen bears two longitudinal incisions and hemipenes are partially everted (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010, (a) dorsal aspect, (b) ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486953" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">1a, b</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486953" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon deccanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deccanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Lycodon deccanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
male NCBS NRC-AA-0010, (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">a</emphasis>
|
|
) dorsal aspect, (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">b</emphasis>
|
|
) ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
Head short, measuring 12.3 mm from snout tip to the constriction at neck, comprising 3.39% of total length; high, 3.5 mm, with steeply domed snout in lateral view; upper jaw visible from ventral side. Head distinctly broader (5.9 mm) than neck (3.7 mm). Snout gradually tapering to blunt, rounded tip in dorsal view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010 showing head, (a) dorsal aspect, (b) ventral aspect, (c) right lateral aspect, (d) left lateral aspect." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486954" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">2a</figureCitation>
|
|
). Rostral subtriangular, slightly visible when viewed from top; wider (1.3 mm) than deep (0.6 mm). Nostrils small, elliptical shaped, present in the basal region of the subtriangular nasal. Paired internasals, slightly wider (1.5 mm) than long (1.1 mm); smaller than prefrontals. Prefrontals, almost as long (1.8 mm) as wide (1.8 mm). Frontal bell shaped, 2.1 mm at the widest anterior border, median length 3.2 mm. Parietals 3.7 mm long, 2.6 mm at its widest anterior, 1.0 mm at its posterior border. Temporals 2+3+3 on right side and 2+3+4 on left side, subequal in size, posterior one inserts deeply between supralabial sixth, seventh and eighth. Six nuchal scales, slightly larger than adjacent dorsal scales, bordering parietals. Supraocular larger than preocular; preocular large, deeper (2.2 mm) than wide (1 mm). Loreal longer (1.4 mm) than high (0.7 mm). Two postoculars, upper one larger. Eye circular, 2.1 mm diameter with an elliptic pupil. Nine supralabials, third, fourth and fifth in contact with orbit (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010 showing head, (a) dorsal aspect, (b) ventral aspect, (c) right lateral aspect, (d) left lateral aspect." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486954" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">2c, d</figureCitation>
|
|
). Supralabial I-III subequal in height and, apart from second supralabial, contacts only rostral and nasal. Second supralabial in contact with nasal, loreal and first + third supralabials. Fourth and fifth supralabials wider than high. Third supralabial in contact with preocular, second and forth supralabials and loreal. Sixth supralabial as high as the third supralabial.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486954" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon deccanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deccanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Lycodon deccanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
male NCBS NRC-AA-0010 showing head, (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">a</emphasis>
|
|
) dorsal aspect, (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">b</emphasis>
|
|
) ventral aspect, (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">c</emphasis>
|
|
) right lateral aspect, (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">d</emphasis>
|
|
) left lateral aspect.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
Mental short, triangular. Infralabials 10, first really long, II to VI infralabials short and thin, fifth onwards larger (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010, (a) dorsal aspect, (b) ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486953" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">1b</figureCitation>
|
|
). Seventh infralabial broadest and ninth much longest. First seven infralabials in contact with the genials. Anterior genials almost twice as long (2.4 mm) as wide (1.1 mm); posterior genials 1.1 mm long and 1 mm wide and in contact (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010 showing head, (a) dorsal aspect, (b) ventral aspect, (c) right lateral aspect, (d) left lateral aspect." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486954" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">2b</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Body laterally compressed, ventral surface distinctly flattened. Dorsal scales in 17-17-15 rows. First lateral reduction observed after the 10th ventral is at 70% of the ventrals where third and fourth DSR are involved in reduction from 17 DSR to 15 at ventral 143. Dorsal scales imbricate, regularly arranged, vertebral scales not enlarged. All body scales smooth and glossy, with apical pit. Ventral scales 204 in number excluding three preventrals. Anal shield undivided, slightly larger than last ventral scale. Subcaudals paired, 68 in number. Tail terminates in a sharp, tapering apical spine. Total length 375 mm, tail length 75 mm, tail/total length ratio 0.2. Hemipenis cylindrical, not forked, with long spikes in distal half.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="colouration in preservative">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Colouration in preservative</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
(Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010, (a) dorsal aspect, (b) ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486953" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">1</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010 showing head, (a) dorsal aspect, (b) ventral aspect, (c) right lateral aspect, (d) left lateral aspect." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486954" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">2</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Background colour brown throughout, with more than 42 creamish white bands from the neck to the tail. The first band in at the neck forming a broad collar. Bands on the body about two dorsal scale width and the bands break-up towards the posterior part of the body to form reticulated pattern. Belly white lacking mottling or any marks. First two supralabials light brown with the rest predominantly white with a diffused brown patch in the center of each scale. Head shield darker than the labial scales. Three rows of scales bordering the pareital scales form the light collar band. Colouration in life more vivid and bright (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lycodon deccanensis male NCBS NRC-AA- 0010 in life showing dorsal patterning and colouration (a), close-up of the head (b). Photo by Zeeshan A. Mirza." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486955" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">3</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lycodon deccanensis female BNHS 3610 in life showing dorsal patterning and colouration. Photo by Zeeshan A. Mirza." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486956" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">4</figureCitation>
|
|
). The dorsum is much darker and the dorsal bands are cream coloured. The colouration has faded after preservative.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486955" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon deccanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deccanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Lycodon deccanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
male NCBS NRC-AA-0010 in life showing dorsal patterning and colouration (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">a</emphasis>
|
|
), close-up of the head (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">b</emphasis>
|
|
). Photo by Zeeshan A. Mirza.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486956" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon deccanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deccanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Lycodon deccanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
female BNHS 3610 in life showing dorsal patterning and colouration. Photo by Zeeshan A. Mirza.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="variation">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Variation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">The female BNHS 3610, agrees with the description of the male NCBS NRC-AA-0010 but differs in the attributes presented here: SVL 350 mm, TaL 78.5 mm, TL 428.5 mm, TaL/TL 0.18, V 214, Sc 66. Scale reduction from 17 DSR to 15 DSR observed at ventral 153 where scale rows 3 and 4 are involved.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ganesh, Deuti, Punith, Achyuthan, Mallik, Adhikari, Vogel" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon deccanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deccanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Lycodon deccanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is currently recorded only from the type locality, Devarayanadurga, Karnataka, India, between elevations of 1000 meters and 1190 meters. Other locality records provided by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ganesh, SR" journalOrPublisher="Amphibian & Reptile Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="74 - 84" refId="B10" refString="Ganesh, SR, Deuti, K, Punith, KG, Achyuthan, NS, Mallik, AK, Vogel, G, 2020a. A new species of Lycodon (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Deccan Plateau of India, with notes on the range of Lycodon travancoricus (Beddome, 1870) and a revised key to peninsular Indian forms. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17 (3): 74 - 84" title="A new species of Lycodon (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Deccan Plateau of India, with notes on the range of Lycodon travancoricus (Beddome, 1870) and a revised key to peninsular Indian forms." volume="17" year="2020 a">Ganesh et al. (2020a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
require verification based on voucher due to the misidentification of specimens as discussed above.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="natural history">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Natural History.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
A total of six individuals have been found, one on 14 July 2019 and the remaining five between 10 June 2020 and 25 June 2020. All individuals were found between 2000 h and 0200 h, suggesting that the species is nocturnal like other
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Lycodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp. Ventral scales with angulate lateral edges assist
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. deccanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="deccanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. deccanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in scaling the vertical surfaces of rocks, cliffs and walls. We observed one individual two meters high climbing on a relatively smooth wall and another individual 1.5 meters high that had taken refuge in a crevice in a stone pillar. One individual, which we kept in a container overnight, fed on a
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnemaspis mysoriensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mysoriensis">Cnemaspis cf. mysoriensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
that it was offered. The following species have been observed in the same microhabitat sympatrically with
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. deccanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="deccanensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. deccanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnemaspis mysoriensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mysoriensis">Cnemaspis cf. mysoriensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hemidactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemidactylus frenatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Hemidactylus frenatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. parvimaculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="parvimaculatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. parvimaculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. whitakeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="whitakeri">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">H. whitakeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1934" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uperodon taprobanicus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Uperodon taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="U." lsidName="U. variegatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">U. variegatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vogel & Ganesh" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boiga flaviviridis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviviridis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Boiga flaviviridis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mukherjee & Bhupathy" authorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycodon flavicollis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Lycodon flavicollis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |