treatments-xml/data/BF/1C/87/BF1C87AEFFFEFFE0FE9BF9DDFBB03E7D.xml

<document id="8BB4ECDC36124E2B16A180F43697CB3F" ID-CLB-Dataset="50970" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.170316" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ae735bb4-d0eb-4a59-b946-4403bc2e8036" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="170316" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459746553735" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sun, Ping, Ji, Daode &amp; Song, Weibo" docDate="2005" docId="BF1C87AEFFFEFFE0FE9BF9DDFBB03E7D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01075p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1075" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Zoothamnium xuianum Sun, Ji &amp; Song, 2005, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="4325FFD6FFFFFFE5FF93FFE1FFBB3929" masterDocTitle="Notes on a new marine peritrichous ciliate (Ciliophora: Peritrichida), Zoothamnium xuianum n. sp., with redescription of Z. paraentzii Song, 1991 from northern China" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698213940378" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4621EEAD90DF0E2D7C9DC5B6B3FD90D1">Notes on a new marine peritrichous ciliate (Ciliophora: Peritrichida), Zoothamnium xuianum n. sp., with redescription of Z. paraentzii Song, 1991 from northern China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="298F5E9BCC75965AFA6E15DB696DA5E6">Sun, Ping</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="432D819E60C8BB8552ED0429EDF174E2">Ji, Daode</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D8DE7F6E8036CFA9FAC76442130DBE57">Song, Weibo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F9B8BE887BE234F415261E8D86EDF1FD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B593EAB66D556613CDF4BA46A58DDFFC">2005</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="7FAF6533FFFEFFE4FE9BF9DDFB833F7F" box="[264,1080,1596,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFEFFE4FE9BF9DDFB833F7F" blockId="1.[264,1080,1596,1622]" box="[264,1080,1596,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="6C4281D4FFFEFFE4FE9BF9DDFB833F7F" bold="true" box="[264,1080,1596,1622]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFEFFE4FE9BF9DDFB833F7F" bold="true" box="[264,1080,1596,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
Description of
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFEFFE4FE53F9DDFD5A3F7F" box="[448,737,1596,1622]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="xuianum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFEFFE4FE53F9DDFD5A3F7F" bold="true" box="[448,737,1596,1622]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Zoothamnium xuianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EF257D1FFFEFFE4FD7BF9DDFC903F7F" box="[744,811,1596,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Figs. 1 &amp; 2;
<tableCitation id="7A370303FFFEFFE4FC47F9DDFB953F7F" box="[980,1070,1596,1622]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,343,609,630]" captionTargetBox="[267,1299,705,1225]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data on Zoothamnium xuianum n. sp. (Weihai population, first line; Qingdao population, second line) and Z. paraentzii (third line). All measurements in µm. , data not available." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/63CA6630FFFCFFE6FE9BFD80FB363BBF" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" tableUuid="63CA6630FFFCFFE6FE9BFD80FB363BBF">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FAF6533FFFEFFE4FE9BF966FD133E40" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFEFFE4FE9BF966FD133E40" blockId="1.[264,1323,1671,1897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFEFFE4FE9BF966FEC43F89" box="[264,383,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Marine
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFEFFE4FE78F966FD353F89" box="[491,654,1671,1696]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFEFFE4FE78F966FD353F89" box="[491,654,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Zoothamnium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with alternately branched stalk. Zooids measuring about 45 × 30 µm with unfolded peristomial lip. Contractile vacuole apically located; macronucleus Cshaped and transversely orientated; more than 50 transverse silverlines between anterior end and aboral trochal band and on average 14 between aboral trochal band and scopula; three rows of peniculus 3 about equal length and parallel to each other, with the outer two rows closely set.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FAF6533FFFDFFE7FEABFEFDFE1E3FE7" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFDFFE7FEABFEFDFC1B38AF" blockId="2.[264,1323,284,390]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FEABFEFDFE4B381C" box="[312,496,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="E80E881AFFFDFFE7FEABFEFDFED4381C" box="[312,367,284,309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
specimens
</emphasis>
: One holo– and one
<typeStatus id="E80E881AFFFDFFE7FD7CFEFDFCEF381F" box="[751,852,284,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
slides (registration number: 0 4040701, 04040702) with protargol and silver nitrate impregnated cells are deposited in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Ocean University of
<collectingCountry id="4FA27628FFFDFFE7FCC1FE8DFC2738AF" box="[850,924,364,390]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFDFFE7FE9BFA68FE1E3FE7" blockId="2.[264,1323,1417,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FE9BFA68FE313C88" bold="true" box="[264,394,1417,1441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Morphology of
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFDFFE7FDAAFA6BFC943C88" box="[569,815,1418,1441]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="xuianum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FDAAFA6BFC943C88" box="[569,815,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Zoothamnium xuianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EF257D1FFFDFFE7FCA5FA68FCD43C89" box="[822,879,1417,1440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from live cells (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FB8DFA68FBF43C88" bold="true" box="[1054,1103,1417,1441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">A–E</emphasis>
), and after protargol (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FE82FA4FFEF93CEF" bold="true" box="[273,322,1454,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">F–H</emphasis>
) impregnations. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FE6CFA4FFDA93CEF" bold="true" box="[511,530,1454,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
) General view of a typical zooid. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FC10FA4FFC2E3CEF" bold="true" box="[899,917,1454,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
) Zooid with different body shape. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FA9DFA4FFA9A3CEF" bold="true" box="[1294,1313,1454,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
) Extended and contracted zooids. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FDE8FA32FD353CC2" bold="true" box="[635,654,1491,1515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
) Detail of stalk, with thecoplasmic granules in spasmoneme. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FE82FA18FE983F38" bold="true" box="[273,291,1529,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
) Colony form. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FE4BFA18FDBC3F38" bold="true" box="[472,519,1529,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">F, G</emphasis>
) Comparison of detailed arrangement of three peniculi between Qingdao population and Weihai population, double arrowhead to show detail of the outer two rows in peniculus 3.
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FE07F9A2FE093F72" bold="true" box="[404,434,1603,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">(H</emphasis>
) Oral infraciliature, arrow marks epistomial membrane, double arrowhead shows short kinety fragment, arrowhead notes the separated upper end of outer row in peniculus 2.
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FB6DF988FA913FA8" bold="true" box="[1278,1322,1641,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">G =</emphasis>
germinal kinety;
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FE2EF96FFE5C3F8F" bold="true" box="[445,487,1678,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">H =</emphasis>
haplokinety;
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FDEAF96FFD0F3F8F" bold="true" box="[633,692,1678,1706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">P1–3 =</emphasis>
peniculus 1–3;
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FCC8F96FFC363F8F" bold="true" box="[859,909,1678,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Po =</emphasis>
polykinety. Scale bars in (A) = 20 µm, in (E) 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FAF6533FFFDFFE0FEABF8E5FE503C5D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFDFFE7FEABF8E5FC833E47" blockId="2.[264,1324,1796,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFDFFE7FEABF8E5FE013E34" box="[312,442,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Dedication</emphasis>
: We dedicate this species to Prof. Dr. Muqi Xu, a diligent protozoologist of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, who has made a lot of contribution to the ecology of ciliated protozoa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFCFFE6FEABFEFDFC443B0F" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFCFFE6FEABFEFDFE79381C" box="[312,450,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Description</emphasis>
: Zooids not differentiating into micro and macrozooid, fully extended individuals cylindroid to slenderly campanulate, 30–50 × 20–40 µm
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFCFFE6FBB8FEA5FBC13874" box="[1067,1146,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">in vivo</emphasis>
, length up to 2 times width, with common ratio 3:2 (
<tableCitation id="7A370303FFFCFFE6FD42FE8DFC9738AF" box="[721,812,364,390]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,343,609,630]" captionTargetBox="[267,1299,705,1225]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data on Zoothamnium xuianum n. sp. (Weihai population, first line; Qingdao population, second line) and Z. paraentzii (third line). All measurements in µm. , data not available." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/63CA6630FFFCFFE6FE9BFD80FB363BBF" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="63CA6630FFFCFFE6FE9BFD80FB363BBF">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFCFFE6FCDAFE8DFC7838AF" box="[841,963,364,390]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="maximum">Maximum</taxonomicName>
width of body at peristomial border and not constricted below it. Peristomial disk flat, moderately elevated (Figs. 1A, 1B; 2D). Cell insensitive to stimuli, contracted zooid usually fistshaped (Figs. 1C; 2G). Pellicle completely smooth when observed at low magnification, and very fine striations can be detected only using powerful objectives (400× or higher).
</paragraph>
<caption id="63CA6630FFFCFFE6FE9BFD80FB363BBF" ID-Table-UUID="63CA6630FFFCFFE6FE9BFD80FB363BBF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/63CA6630FFFCFFE6FE9BFD80FB363BBF" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[267,1299,705,1225]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFCFFE6FE9BFD80FB363BBF" blockId="3.[264,1322,609,662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFCFFE6FE9BFD80FED53B5F" bold="true" box="[264,366,609,630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data on
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFCFFE6FDDCFD80FC963B5F" box="[591,813,609,630]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="xuianum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFCFFE6FDDCFD80FC963B5F" box="[591,813,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Zoothamnium xuianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EF257D1FFFCFFE6FCA1FD80FCDE3B5F" box="[818,869,609,630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Weihai population, first line; Qingdao population, second line) and
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFCFFE6FE4FFD60FDEC3BBF" box="[476,599,641,662]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paraentzii">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFCFFE6FE4FFD60FDEC3BBF" box="[476,599,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Z. paraentzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(third line). All measurements in µm. , data not available.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFCFFE6FE98FD20FABC3DE0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<table id="45B5C418FFFC001AFE98FD20FAA83DE0" box="[267,1299,705,1225]" gridcols="7" gridrows="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<tr id="898534FAFFFC001AFE98FD20FAA83BFF" box="[267,1299,705,726]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<th id="CA545D86FFFC001AFE98FD20FDAA3BFF" box="[267,529,705,726]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Character</th>
<th id="CA545D86FFFC001AFDC8FD20FD383BFF" box="[603,643,705,726]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Min</th>
<th id="CA545D86FFFC001AFD59FD20FD4D3BFF" box="[714,758,705,726]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Max</th>
<th id="CA545D86FFFC001AFCAAFD20FCCB3BFF" box="[825,880,705,726]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Mean</th>
<th id="CA545D86FFFC001AFC71FD20FBB63BFF" box="[994,1037,705,726]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">SD</th>
<th id="CA545D86FFFC001AFBC1FD20FBC73BFF" box="[1106,1148,705,726]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">SE</th>
<th id="CA545D86FFFC001AFB52FD20FAA83BFF" box="[1217,1299,705,726]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">CV n</th>
</tr>
<tr id="898534FAFFFC001AFE98FD17FAA83A62" box="[267,1299,758,843]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<th id="CA545D86FFFC001AFE98FD17FDAA3A62" box="[267,529,758,843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
Body length
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFCFFE6FE14FD17FE7C3A22" box="[391,455,758,779]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">in vivo</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFDC8FD17FD383A62" box="[603,643,758,843]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">44 32 56</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFD59FD17FD4D3A62" box="[714,758,758,843]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">48 50 60</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFCAAFD17FCCB3A62" box="[825,880,758,843]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">45.7 44.5 59.0</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFC71FD17FBB63A62" box="[994,1037,758,843]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2.06 5.63 1.85</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFBC1FD17FBC73A62" box="[1106,1148,758,843]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">0.59 1.99 0.65</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFB52FD17FAA83A62" box="[1217,1299,758,843]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4.5 12 13.0 8 3.1 8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="898534FAFFFC001AFE98FC97FAA83AE3" box="[267,1299,886,970]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<th id="CA545D86FFFC001AFE98FC97FDAA3AE3" box="[267,529,886,970]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
Body width
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFCFFE6FE12FC97FE793AA2" box="[385,450,886,907]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">in vivo</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFDC8FC97FD383AE3" box="[603,643,886,970]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">24 26 32</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFD59FC97FD4D3AE3" box="[714,758,886,970]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">36 32 40</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFCAAFC97FCCB3AE3" box="[825,880,886,970]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">29.1 29.7 38.0</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFC71FC97FBB63AE3" box="[994,1037,886,970]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4.01 1.98 3.70</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFBC1FC97FBC73AE3" box="[1106,1148,886,970]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">1.16 0.70 1.31</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFB52FC97FAA83AE3" box="[1217,1299,886,970]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">13.8 12 7.0 8 9.7 8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="898534FAFFFC001AFE98FC14FAA83D63" box="[267,1299,1013,1098]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<th id="CA545D86FFFC001AFE98FC14FDAA3D63" box="[267,529,1013,1098]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Number of silverlines from peristome to aboral trochal band</th>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFDC8FC14FD383D63" box="[603,643,1013,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">50  75</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFD59FC14FD4D3D63" box="[714,758,1013,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">  83</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFCAAFC14FCCB3D63" box="[825,880,1013,1098]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">69.6  79</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFC71FC14FBB63D63" box="[994,1037,1013,1098]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">2.97  2.76</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFBC1FC14FBC73D63" box="[1106,1148,1013,1098]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">1.05  1.13</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFB52FC14FAA83D63" box="[1217,1299,1013,1098]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4.3 8   3.5 6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="898534FAFFFC001AFE98FB95FAA83DE0" box="[267,1299,1140,1225]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<th id="CA545D86FFFC001AFE98FB95FDAA3DE0" box="[267,529,1140,1225]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Number of silverlines from aboral trochal band to scopula</th>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFDC8FB95FD383DE0" box="[603,643,1140,1225]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">12  28</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFD59FB95FD4D3DE0" box="[714,758,1140,1225]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">17  33</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFCAAFB95FCCB3DE0" box="[825,880,1140,1225]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">14.4  30.9</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFC71FB95FBB63DE0" box="[994,1037,1140,1225]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">1.51  1.86</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFBC1FB95FBC73DE0" box="[1106,1148,1140,1225]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">0.53  0.70</td>
<td id="CA545D86FFFC001AFB52FB95FAA83DE0" box="[1217,1299,1140,1225]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">10.5 8   6.0 7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFCFFE6FE9BFB16FB533C00" blockId="3.[264,1322,1271,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
Abbreviations: CV = coefficient of variation in %, Max =
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFCFFE6FCD6FB16FC503C25" authority="Mean" authorityName="Mean" box="[837,1003,1271,1292]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="maximum">maximum, Mean</taxonomicName>
= arithmetic mean, Min = minimum, n = number of individuals examined, SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error of mean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFCFFE6FEABFA63FB563F15" blockId="3.[264,1323,1410,1876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Cytoplasm moderately dense and finely granular, usually containing several 3–8 µm sized granules (Figs. 1A, 1B; 2A, 2D). Food vacuoles often contain diatoms or small flagellates. One large, apically located contractile vacuole (Fig. 2E, arrow) rather inactive, and contracting at a rate of ca. 4 min. Macronucleus usually C–shaped and horizontally orientated, surrounding vestibulum at upper 1/3 of body. Micronucleus not observed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFCFFE6FEABF9ABFC5A3E2D" blockId="3.[264,1323,1410,1876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Colony regularly alternatively branched (Figs. 1E; 2B, 2C), with up to 50 zooids in a large colony. Stalk up to 800 µm long (Figs. 1E; 2B), diameter about 7 µm in main branch and about 5 µm in distal part. Its smooth surface usually has some bacteria attached (Fig. 2F). The spasmoneme is 2 µm in diameter, with a string of dark grey thecoplasmic granules (0.4–0.6 µm in diameter) (Figs. 1D; 2F, arrowheads).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFCFFE1FEABF8F3FBF63877" blockId="3.[264,1323,1410,1876]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1322,284,350]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
Structure of oral apparatus typical. The haplokinety (H) and polykinety (Po) describe about 1.5 turns around the peristomial disc before entering the infundibulum where they make a further turn (Fig. 1H). Near distal end of haplo– and polykinety, one short kinety fragment always recognizable (Figs. 1H, double arrowhead;
<date id="430B1078FFFBFFE1FC43FEA5FC503877" box="[976,1003,324,350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">2I</date>
, arrow).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFBFFE1FE9BF9B2FBF83E64" blockId="4.[264,1323,1619,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FE9BF9B2FE2A3F42" bold="true" box="[264,401,1619,1643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Photomicrographs of
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFBFFE1FD00F9B5FC2B3F42" box="[659,912,1620,1643]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="xuianum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FD00F9B5FC2B3F42" box="[659,912,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Zoothamnium xuianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EF257D1FFFBFFE1FC0DF9B5FC653F42" box="[926,990,1620,1643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from live cells (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FB3AF9B2FB663F42" bold="true" box="[1193,1245,1619,1643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">A–G</emphasis>
), after protargol (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FEEFF998FE103FB8" bold="true" box="[380,427,1657,1681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">H, I</emphasis>
) and silver nitrate (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FD19F998FD2C3FB8" bold="true" box="[650,663,1657,1681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">J</emphasis>
) impregnations. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FCC8F998FCD53FB8" bold="true" box="[859,878,1657,1681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
) A typical zooid. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FBD6F998FBEC3FB8" bold="true" box="[1093,1111,1657,1681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
) Colony form. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FA9DF998FA9A3FB8" bold="true" box="[1294,1313,1657,1681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
) Zooids at low magnification. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FDC3F97FFD383F9F" bold="true" box="[592,643,1694,1718]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">D, E</emphasis>
) Zooids of different body shape, arrow in figure E to mark the contractile vacuole. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FE7AF922FE423FF2" bold="true" box="[489,505,1731,1755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">F</emphasis>
) Stalk and spasmoneme, arrowheads to show thecoplasmic granules. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FB79F922FB443FF2" bold="true" box="[1258,1279,1731,1755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">G</emphasis>
) To show the contracted ovalshaped zooids. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FD54F908FD673E28" bold="true" box="[711,732,1769,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">H</emphasis>
) Detail of oral peniculi. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FC7FF908FC4D3E28" bold="true" box="[1004,1014,1769,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">I</emphasis>
) Apical view, arrow to show the oral distal fragment and double arrowhead to mark the epistomial membrane. (
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FB35F8EFFB083E0F" bold="true" box="[1190,1203,1806,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">J</emphasis>
) silverline system.
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFBFFE1FECCF8D4FE203E64" bold="true" box="[351,411,1845,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">P1–3 =</emphasis>
peniculus 1–3. Scale bars in (A, D, E) = 20 µm, in (B) 200 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFAFFE0FEABFEFDFC4E3B73" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
Infraciliature of oral peniculi as follows: rows of peniculus 1 (P1) equal in length, extending to cytopharynx. P2 terminates distinctly above and between P1 and P3 (Figs. 1F, 1H; 2H); at adoral end of P2, the outer row apparently separated from the other two (Figs. 1F, arrow; 1H, arrowhead). Three rows of P3 parallel for entire length, ending together at approximately the same level. Germinal kinety (G) parallel to the haplokinety within upper half of infundibulum (Fig. 1H). Epistomial membrane (EM) located near the opening of the infundibulum (Figs. 1H, arrow;
<date id="430B1078FFFAFFE0FCF1FDF9FCC63B1B" box="[866,893,536,562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">2I</date>
, double arrowhead). Trochal band consisting of barren dikinety that encircles cell in aboral region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFAFFE0FEABFD89FED23BD3" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
Silverline system typical of
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FD03FD89FC883BA8" box="[656,819,616,641]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FD03FD89FC883BA8" box="[656,819,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Zoothamnium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pattern (Fig. 2J). Striations closeset and many conspicuous pellicular pores associated with silverlines. More than 50 silverlines between anterior end and aboral trochal band, 12–17 between aboral trochal band and scopula.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFAFFE0FE9BFCD1FDF53A60" blockId="5.[264,1325,816,1876]" box="[264,590,816,841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FE9BFCD1FDF53A60" box="[264,590,816,841]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Comparison and discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFAFFE0FEABFCB2FCDF3D25" blockId="5.[264,1325,816,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FEABFCB2FDF73A45" box="[312,588,851,876]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="xuianum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FEABFCB2FDF73A45" box="[312,588,851,876]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Zoothamnium xuianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EF257D1FFFAFFE0FDCBFCB3FD203A45" box="[600,667,850,876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is identified by its alternately branching form, small zooid size, unfolded peristomial lip and closely spaced pellicular striations. Both populations collected bear all the above characters; thus, morphological and morphometrical differences between these two populations revealed the extent of the variation within the species (
<tableCitation id="7A370303FFFAFFE0FDCBFC13FD0A3D25" box="[600,689,1010,1036]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,343,609,630]" captionTargetBox="[267,1299,705,1225]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data on Zoothamnium xuianum n. sp. (Weihai population, first line; Qingdao population, second line) and Z. paraentzii (third line). All measurements in µm. , data not available." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/63CA6630FFFCFFE6FE9BFD80FB363BBF" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="63CA6630FFFCFFE6FE9BFD80FB363BBF">Table 1</tableCitation>
; Figs. 1F; 1G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFAFFE0FEABFBFBFC963D85" blockId="5.[264,1325,816,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
Considering colony size and alternately branched stalk, singlelayered peristomial lip and marine habitat, four species should be compared with the current organism:
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FE9BFB8AFD443DAD" authority="Hu &amp; Song, 2001" authorityName="Hu &amp; Song" authorityYear="2001" box="[264,767,1130,1156]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="chlamydis">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FE9BFB8AFD923DAD" box="[264,553,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Zoothamnium chlamydis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="53244B49FFFAFFE0FDBCFB8BFD443DAD" author="Hu" box="[559,767,1130,1156]" pageId="5" pageNumber="53" refString="Hu, X. &amp; Song, W. (2001) Description of Zoothamnium chlamydis sp. n. (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Peritrichida), an ectocommensal peritrichous ciliate from cultured scallop in North China. Acta Protozoologica, 40, 215 - 220." type="journal article" year="2001">Hu &amp; Song, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FC98FB8AFBAE3DAD" authority="Kahl, 1933" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1933" box="[779,1045,1130,1156]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="plumula">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FC98FB8AFC323DAD" box="[779,905,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Z. plumula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="53244B49FFFAFFE0FC03FB8BFBAE3DAD" author="Kahl" box="[912,1045,1130,1156]" pageId="5" pageNumber="53" refString="Kahl, A. (1933) Ciliata Libera et Ectocommensalia. In: Grimpe, G. &amp; Wagler, E. (Eds.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 2 (3), 29 - 146." type="journal article" year="1933">Kahl, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FBB3FB8AFE503D85" authority="Claparede &amp; Lachmann, 1858" authorityName="Claparede &amp; Lachmann" authorityYear="1858" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="alternans">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FBB3FB8AFB173DAD" box="[1056,1196,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Z. alternans</emphasis>
Claparède &amp; Lachmann, 1858
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FDB7FB72FC923D85" authority="Song, 1991" authorityName="Song" authorityYear="1991" box="[548,809,1170,1196]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sinense">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FDB7FB72FD223D85" box="[548,665,1171,1196]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Z. sinense</emphasis>
Song, 1991
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFAFFE0FEABFB5BFE503C5D" blockId="5.[264,1325,816,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
Our species bears a strong resemblance to
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FCB5FB5AFBFC3DFD" box="[806,1095,1211,1236]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="chlamydis">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FCB5FB5AFBFC3DFD" box="[806,1095,1211,1236]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Zoothamnium chlamydis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in body shape, size and appearance of peristomial lip, (
<figureCitation id="AF8E2A3DFFFAFFE0FD35FB03FD4C3DD5" box="[678,759,1250,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1397,1421]" captionTargetBox="[286,1304,328,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[266,1321,302,1371]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison of some closely related morphotypes. (A, B) Zoothamnium chlamydis (from Hu &amp; Song, 2001). (C, D) Z. plumula (from Song et al., 2002). (E) Z. alternans (from Greeff, 1870). (F) Z. alternans (from Claparède &amp; Lachmann, 1858). (G) Z. alternans (from Kent, 1881). (H, I) Z. sinense (from Song, 1991 b). (J, K) Z. dichotomum (after Kahl, 1935). (L, M) Zoothamnopsis mengi (from Song, 1997). (N, O) Zoothamnium paragammari (from Song, 1991 b). (P) Z. marinum (after Kahl, 1935). (Q, R) Z. intermedium (from Song, 1991 b). Scale bars in (H, N, Q) = 20 µm, in (A) = 30 µm, in (C) = 40 µm, in (L) = 50 µm, in (P) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170317/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, 5B). However, the latter can be distinguished from the former by having macrozooids (vs. all zooids about equal size). Furthermore, the number of pellicular striations is quite different (27–47, 19–29 vs. more than 50, 12–17) (
<bibRefCitation id="53244B49FFFAFFE0FE83FABBFE663C5D" author="Hu" box="[272,477,1370,1396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="53" refString="Hu, X. &amp; Song, W. (2001) Description of Zoothamnium chlamydis sp. n. (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Peritrichida), an ectocommensal peritrichous ciliate from cultured scallop in North China. Acta Protozoologica, 40, 215 - 220." type="journal article" year="2001">Hu &amp; Song 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FAF6533FFFAFFE0FEABFA62FC823FF5" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFAFFE0FEABFA62FE5F3F15" blockId="5.[264,1325,816,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FEABFA62FDFC3CB5" box="[312,583,1411,1436]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="xuianum">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FEABFA62FDFC3CB5" box="[312,583,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Zoothamnium xuianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FCCFFA62FB0B3CB5" authority="Song, 2002" authorityName="Song" authorityYear="2002" box="[860,1200,1410,1436]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="plumula">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FCCFFA62FB983CB5" box="[860,1059,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Z. plumula sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="53244B49FFFAFFE0FBB9FA63FB0B3CB5" author="Song" box="[1066,1200,1410,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="53" refString="Song, W., AL-Raheid, K. A. S. &amp; Hu, X. (2002) Notes on the poorly known marine peritrichous ciliate, Zoothamnium plumula Kahl, 1933 (Protozoa: Ciliophora), an ectocommensal organism from cultured scallops in Qingdao, China. Acta Protozoologica, 41, 163 - 168." type="journal article" year="2002">Song, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="AF8E2A3DFFFAFFE0FB2CFA63FAAB3CB5" box="[1215,1296,1410,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1397,1421]" captionTargetBox="[286,1304,328,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[266,1321,302,1371]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison of some closely related morphotypes. (A, B) Zoothamnium chlamydis (from Hu &amp; Song, 2001). (C, D) Z. plumula (from Song et al., 2002). (E) Z. alternans (from Greeff, 1870). (F) Z. alternans (from Claparède &amp; Lachmann, 1858). (G) Z. alternans (from Kent, 1881). (H, I) Z. sinense (from Song, 1991 b). (J, K) Z. dichotomum (after Kahl, 1935). (L, M) Zoothamnopsis mengi (from Song, 1997). (N, O) Zoothamnium paragammari (from Song, 1991 b). (P) Z. marinum (after Kahl, 1935). (Q, R) Z. intermedium (from Song, 1991 b). Scale bars in (H, N, Q) = 20 µm, in (A) = 30 µm, in (C) = 40 µm, in (L) = 50 µm, in (P) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170317/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
C, 5D) in branching style and habitat. However,
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FCB8FA4AFC0B3CED" box="[811,944,1451,1476]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="xuianum">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FCB8FA4AFC0B3CED" box="[811,944,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Z. xuianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be clearly characterized by smaller body size (30–50 vs. 50–100 µm), absence of enlarged zooids (vs. present) and lower number of striations between aboral trochal band and scopula (12–17 vs. 24–28) (
<bibRefCitation id="53244B49FFFAFFE0FE83F9C3FE6C3F15" author="Song" box="[272,471,1570,1596]" pageId="5" pageNumber="53" refString="Song, W., AL-Raheid, K. A. S. &amp; Hu, X. (2002) Notes on the poorly known marine peritrichous ciliate, Zoothamnium plumula Kahl, 1933 (Protozoa: Ciliophora), an ectocommensal organism from cultured scallops in Qingdao, China. Acta Protozoologica, 41, 163 - 168." type="journal article" year="2002">
Song
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FEC6F9C2FE2B3F15" box="[341,400,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFAFFE0FEABF9ABFC823FF5" blockId="5.[264,1325,816,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<bibRefCitation id="53244B49FFFAFFE0FEABF9ABFE783F4D" author="Kahl" box="[312,451,1610,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="53" refString="Kahl, A. (1933) Ciliata Libera et Ectocommensalia. In: Grimpe, G. &amp; Wagler, E. (Eds.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 2 (3), 29 - 146." type="journal article" year="1933">Kahl (1933</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="53244B49FFFAFFE0FE47F9ABFDAB3F4D" author="Kahl" box="[468,528,1610,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="53" refString="Kahl, A. (1935) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria). 4. Peritricha und Chonotricha. In: Dahl, F. (Ed.), Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 30, 651 - 886." type="journal article" year="1935">1935</bibRefCitation>
) redescribed three different forms of
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FC71F9AAFABB3F4D" box="[994,1280,1611,1636]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="alternans">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FC71F9AAFABB3F4D" box="[994,1280,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Zoothamnium alternans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FA80F9AAFC893FA5" authority="Claparede &amp; Lachmann (1858)" authorityName="Claparede &amp; Lachmann" authorityYear="1858" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="alternans">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FA80F9AAFE043FA5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Z. alternans sensu</emphasis>
Claparède &amp; Lachmann (1858)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="AF8E2A3DFFFAFFE0FCD2F993FC3D3FA5" box="[833,902,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1397,1421]" captionTargetBox="[286,1304,328,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[266,1321,302,1371]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison of some closely related morphotypes. (A, B) Zoothamnium chlamydis (from Hu &amp; Song, 2001). (C, D) Z. plumula (from Song et al., 2002). (E) Z. alternans (from Greeff, 1870). (F) Z. alternans (from Claparède &amp; Lachmann, 1858). (G) Z. alternans (from Kent, 1881). (H, I) Z. sinense (from Song, 1991 b). (J, K) Z. dichotomum (after Kahl, 1935). (L, M) Zoothamnopsis mengi (from Song, 1997). (N, O) Zoothamnium paragammari (from Song, 1991 b). (P) Z. marinum (after Kahl, 1935). (Q, R) Z. intermedium (from Song, 1991 b). Scale bars in (H, N, Q) = 20 µm, in (A) = 30 µm, in (C) = 40 µm, in (L) = 50 µm, in (P) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170317/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
F),
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FC3DF992FA913FA5" authority="Greeff (1870)" authorityName="Greeff" authorityYear="1870" box="[942,1322,1650,1676]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="alternans">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FC3DF992FB383FA5" box="[942,1155,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Z. alternans sensu</emphasis>
Greeff (1870)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="AF8E2A3DFFFAFFE0FE82F97BFEED3F9D" box="[273,342,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1397,1421]" captionTargetBox="[286,1304,328,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[266,1321,302,1371]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison of some closely related morphotypes. (A, B) Zoothamnium chlamydis (from Hu &amp; Song, 2001). (C, D) Z. plumula (from Song et al., 2002). (E) Z. alternans (from Greeff, 1870). (F) Z. alternans (from Claparède &amp; Lachmann, 1858). (G) Z. alternans (from Kent, 1881). (H, I) Z. sinense (from Song, 1991 b). (J, K) Z. dichotomum (after Kahl, 1935). (L, M) Zoothamnopsis mengi (from Song, 1997). (N, O) Zoothamnium paragammari (from Song, 1991 b). (P) Z. marinum (after Kahl, 1935). (Q, R) Z. intermedium (from Song, 1991 b). Scale bars in (H, N, Q) = 20 µm, in (A) = 30 µm, in (C) = 40 µm, in (L) = 50 µm, in (P) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170317/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E) and
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FE3EF97AFCA03F9D" authority="Kent (1881)" authorityName="Kent" authorityYear="1881" box="[429,795,1690,1716]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="alternans">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FE3EF97AFD873F9D" box="[429,572,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Z. alternans</emphasis>
sensu Kent (1881)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="AF8E2A3DFFFAFFE0FCB8F97BFCCA3F9D" box="[811,881,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1397,1421]" captionTargetBox="[286,1304,328,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[266,1321,302,1371]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison of some closely related morphotypes. (A, B) Zoothamnium chlamydis (from Hu &amp; Song, 2001). (C, D) Z. plumula (from Song et al., 2002). (E) Z. alternans (from Greeff, 1870). (F) Z. alternans (from Claparède &amp; Lachmann, 1858). (G) Z. alternans (from Kent, 1881). (H, I) Z. sinense (from Song, 1991 b). (J, K) Z. dichotomum (after Kahl, 1935). (L, M) Zoothamnopsis mengi (from Song, 1997). (N, O) Zoothamnium paragammari (from Song, 1991 b). (P) Z. marinum (after Kahl, 1935). (Q, R) Z. intermedium (from Song, 1991 b). Scale bars in (H, N, Q) = 20 µm, in (A) = 30 µm, in (C) = 40 µm, in (L) = 50 µm, in (P) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170317/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
G). All above forms are distinct from
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FE9BF922FE373FF5" box="[264,396,1731,1756]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="xuianum">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FE9BF922FE373FF5" box="[264,396,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Z. xuianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possession of specialized zooids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FAF6533FFFAFFE0FEABF90AFBB03E7D" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="370A36B8FFFAFFE0FEABF90AFBB03E7D" blockId="5.[264,1325,816,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FEABF90AFD7F3E2D" authority="Song, 1991" authorityName="Song" authorityYear="1991" box="[312,708,1770,1796]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sinense">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FEABF90AFD833E2D" box="[312,568,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Zoothamnium sinense</emphasis>
Song, 1991
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="AF8E2A3DFFFAFFE0FD47F90BFC9F3E2D" box="[724,804,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1397,1421]" captionTargetBox="[286,1304,328,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[266,1321,302,1371]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparison of some closely related morphotypes. (A, B) Zoothamnium chlamydis (from Hu &amp; Song, 2001). (C, D) Z. plumula (from Song et al., 2002). (E) Z. alternans (from Greeff, 1870). (F) Z. alternans (from Claparède &amp; Lachmann, 1858). (G) Z. alternans (from Kent, 1881). (H, I) Z. sinense (from Song, 1991 b). (J, K) Z. dichotomum (after Kahl, 1935). (L, M) Zoothamnopsis mengi (from Song, 1997). (N, O) Zoothamnium paragammari (from Song, 1991 b). (P) Z. marinum (after Kahl, 1935). (Q, R) Z. intermedium (from Song, 1991 b). Scale bars in (H, N, Q) = 20 µm, in (A) = 30 µm, in (C) = 40 µm, in (L) = 50 µm, in (P) = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170317/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
H,
<date id="430B1078FFFAFFE0FCDBF90BFCDA3E2D" box="[840,865,1770,1796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">5I</date>
) can be separated from the new one by distinctly short and plump body shape (vs. elongated and slender in
<taxonomicName id="F0B54D3BFFFAFFE0FBB4F8F2FB103E05" box="[1063,1195,1811,1836]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Zoothamniidae" genus="Zoothamnium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="xuianum">
<emphasis id="05C1EAAAFFFAFFE0FBB4F8F2FB103E05" box="[1063,1195,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Z. xuianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and more silverlines from aboral trochal band to scopula (17–23 vs. 12–17).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>