535 lines
61 KiB
XML
535 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94773" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-94-105" ID-Pensoft-UUID="30D640DD696E59B1B5A1CA0F8CB8A225" ID-ZooBank="D9DDB53D4A3E430DB3B78FDDBBE0260D" ModsDocID="1314-2607-94-105" checkinTime="1671601458817" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Simutnik, Serguei A., Perkovsky, Evgeny E. & Vasilenko, Dmitry V." docDate="2022" docId="6DC9150112785681B544FBCC16A72905" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 94: 105-120" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94" docPubDate="2022-12-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94773" docTitle="Electronoyesella antiqua Simutnik 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E78EBF78-2533-4025-98F2-B486BA6E3736" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="30D640DD696E59B1B5A1CA0F8CB8A225" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="30D640DD696E59B1B5A1CA0F8CB8A225" masterDocTitle="Electronoyesella antiqua Simutnik, gen. et sp. nov. (Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) from Rovno amber" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1671601458817" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Electronoyesella antiqua Simutnik, gen. et sp. nov. (Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) from Rovno amber</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Simutnik, Serguei A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-6216</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 01601, Ukraine</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">simutnik@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perkovsky, Evgeny E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7959-4379</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 01601, Ukraine</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vasilenko, Dmitry V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4827-7290</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>A. A. Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117647, Russia & Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets, Vologda Region 162600, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>94</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>105</mods:start>
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<mods:end>120</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94773</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94773</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-94-105</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D9DDB53D4A3E430DB3B78FDDBBE0260D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">30D640DD696E59B1B5A1CA0F8CB8A225</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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||
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="results">
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||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E78EBF78-2533-4025-98F2-B486BA6E3736" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6DC9150112785681B544FBCC16A72905" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/E78EBF78-2533-4025-98F2-B486BA6E3736" authority="Simutnik" authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electronoyesella" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electronoyesella antiqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="antiqua" status="sp. nov.">Electronoyesella antiqua Simutnik</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="105">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, lateral view B body, anterodorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784447" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, ventral (arrows indicate the metatibial pegs in inset) B body, posterodorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784448" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsolateral view B head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsal view (arrow indicates the notaular depression)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784449" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, antennae, head anteroventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784450" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A wings B forewing venation C hind wing venation (ls 1, 2 - lines of setae, spv - spur vein, pst - parastigma). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784451" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterodorsal (cers - cercal seta, hyp - hypopygium, osh - ovipositor sheaths, ost - ovipositor stylet, ptrg? - paratergite?, spr - spiracle, syn - syntergum, vr 2 - second valvifer) B metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterolateral (cer - cercus, fc - filamentous connection, muc - mucro, opo? - possible, outer plate of the ovipositor, spv - hyaline spur vein; osh (v 3) - ovipositor sheaths)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784452" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A, B Ericydnus sp., female A metasoma, dorsal (opo - outer plates of ovipositor, ptrg - paratergite) B apex of metasoma, lateral (spr - spiracle on the lateral lobe of the Mt 7, v 3 - ovipositor sheaths) C Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, apex of metasoma, lateral (fc - filamentous connection). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784453" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">, 7C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Ukraine" county="It" location="Klesov" municipality="The" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Rovno Region" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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, SIZK K-27005,
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<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6DC9150112785681B544FBCC16A72905:26D55D3E6C90206EBEA5E31BE96DE9A4" country="Ukraine" county="It" municipality="The" name="Klesov" stateProvince="Rovno Region">Klesov</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6DC9150112785681B544FBCC16A72905:B2077E599EA6E0B30650BF1CE5C2E4D7" country="Ukraine" county="It" municipality="The" name="Sarny District" stateProvince="Rovno Region">Sarny District</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Ukraine" name="Rivne">Rovno Region</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingRegion country="Ukraine" name="Rivne">Rovno</collectingRegion>
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amber; late
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6DC9150112785681B544FBCC16A72905:91F58D04A057ACA677360D11CB7E8ACA" country="Ukraine" county="It" municipality="The" name="Eocene" stateProvince="Rovno Region">Eocene</location>
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(deposited in SIZK).
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<collectingMunicipality>The</collectingMunicipality>
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inclusion is in a reddish-yellow and clear, parallelepiped piece of amber (ca. 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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).
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<collectingCounty>It</collectingCounty>
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is well preserved, but its left side is obscured by a large air bubble (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, lateral view B body, anterodorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784447" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">1B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, ventral (arrows indicate the metatibial pegs in inset) B body, posterodorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784448" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">2</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784447" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electronoyesella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electronoyesella antiqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="antiqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Electronoyesella antiqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. nov.,
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
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body, lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
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body, anterodorsolateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784448" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electronoyesella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electronoyesella antiqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="antiqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Electronoyesella antiqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. nov.,
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
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body, ventral (arrows indicate the metatibial pegs in inset)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
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body, posterodorsal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="syninclusions">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Syninclusions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Nematocera">Nematocera</taxonomicName>
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, spider web.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">The specific epithet means ancient in Latin.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Female.</emphasis>
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Habitus as in Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, lateral view B body, anterodorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784447" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, ventral (arrows indicate the metatibial pegs in inset) B body, posterodorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784448" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">2</figureCitation>
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. Body length 1.3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Coloration.</emphasis>
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Head, thorax, gaster dorsally, tegula, and all femora black; antenna uniformly dark brown; gaster ventrally dark brown; venation brown; mesotibial spur and tarsi pale yellow; surface of frontovertex, thorax, legs shiny due to presence of a thin layer of air, without metallic shine.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Sculpture.</emphasis>
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Head, pronotum and mesoscutum rough reticulate, but surface of head only sparsely punctate - frontovertex with 4 vertical rows of large but shallow piliferous punctures (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsolateral view B head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsal view (arrow indicates the notaular depression)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784449" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">3A</figureCitation>
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), outer row separated from eye margin by a distance equal to or more than diameter of this punctures; scape, pedicel, scutellum, tegula, mesopleuron, coxae, legs, and gaster also relatively similarly but more smoothly reticulate; sculpture of face as in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, antennae, head anteroventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784450" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">4</figureCitation>
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- horizontal row of three large, deep cells located under each torulus, lateral to clypeus, also intricately sculptured.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784449" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electronoyesella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electronoyesella antiqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="antiqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Electronoyesella antiqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. nov., holotype female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
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head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsolateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
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head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsal view (arrow indicates the notaular depression).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784450" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electronoyesella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electronoyesella antiqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="antiqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Electronoyesella antiqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, antennae, head anteroventral.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Head.</emphasis>
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Lenticular, slightly wider than thorax in dorsal view; occipital margin sharp, but not carinate (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, ventral (arrows indicate the metatibial pegs in inset) B body, posterodorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784448" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">2B</figureCitation>
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); frontovertex curved to posterior ocelli; broadly rounded in frontal view, not vaulted above eyes; eyes bare, without visible setae, with inner orbits parallel over much of height but ventrally divergent (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsolateral view B head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsal view (arrow indicates the notaular depression)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784449" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">3B</figureCitation>
|
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, antennae, head anteroventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784450" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">4</figureCitation>
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); frontovertex as long as broad, minimum distance between eyes about 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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head width; ocelli forming a right angled triangle, posterior ones closer to eye than occipital margin; OOL about equal to posterior ocellar diameter; OOL:POL:LOL:OCL about 3:11:8:4; eye reaching occipital margin (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, lateral view B body, anterodorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784447" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsolateral view B head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsal view (arrow indicates the notaular depression)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784449" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">3</figureCitation>
|
||
); antennal scrobes as in Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsolateral view B head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsal view (arrow indicates the notaular depression)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784449" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, antennae, head anteroventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784450" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">4</figureCitation>
|
||
, v- or u-shaped and meeting dorsally, not extended to anterior ocellus, in dorsal view anterior ocellus about equidistant from occipital margin and from upper margin of scrobal depression; interantennal prominence presents (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, antennae, head anteroventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784450" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">4</figureCitation>
|
||
); antennal toruli located about at level of lower eye margin, separated from mouth margin by distance equal to their own width (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, antennae, head anteroventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784450" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">4</figureCitation>
|
||
); distance between toruli equal to distance between torulus and eye, about 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width of torulus, about 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of malar space; malar space with complete malar sulcus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, antennae, head anteroventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784450" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">4</figureCitation>
|
||
), about 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
shorter than height of eye; clypeus strongly emarginate, with short lateral margins; mandible 3-dentate, with middle tooth longest (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, antennae, head anteroventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784450" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Geniculate, 11-segmented, without differentiated anelli, with 6 funicular segments and 3-segmented clava; radicle short, about 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, ventral (arrows indicate the metatibial pegs in inset) B body, posterodorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784448" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
); antennal scape ~4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad; pedicel conical, little longer than first two funicular segments combined, longer than any segment of funicle; F1 subquadrate, slightly longer than broad, F2 and F3 distinctly longer than broad, F4-F6 subquadrate, F3-F6 slightly flattened; width of flagellomeres slightly increases toward apex; F5 and F6 noticeably wider than F2-F4 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, antennae, head anteroventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784450" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">4</figureCitation>
|
||
); all segments of funicle, at least F2-F6, and two basal segments of clava with mps; clava a little shorter than F3-F6 combined, with small oblique truncation at apical segment only (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsolateral view B head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsal view (arrow indicates the notaular depression)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784449" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, antennae, head anteroventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784450" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">4</figureCitation>
|
||
), wider than F6; flagellum and clava clothed in very short setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum short, not conspicuously narrower than mesoscutum, almost vertical (in lateral view), with posterior edge only slightly emarginate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsolateral view B head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsal view (arrow indicates the notaular depression)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784449" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); mesoscutum as broad as long or nearly to (in dorsal view); mesothoracic spiracle open, not concealed beneath pronotum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, lateral view B body, anterodorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784447" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
); notauli present as depressions at extreme antero-lateral margin of mesoscutum (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsolateral view B head, antennae, part of mesosoma, anterodorsal view (arrow indicates the notaular depression)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784449" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
: arrow); meeting of axillae not visible; scutellum flat, apically pointed, with several long, vertical setae at own apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, ventral (arrows indicate the metatibial pegs in inset) B body, posterodorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784448" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
); mesopleuron enlarged posteriorly; metapleuron triangular, narrow, without visible setation (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, lateral view B body, anterodorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784447" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
); propodeum bare, with relatively large lateral parts, touching hind coxa (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, lateral view B body, anterodorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784447" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fully developed, hyaline. Forewing 2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad; linea calva not interrupted but closed on posterior margin, without filum spinosum, with well-developed line of long setae alongside basal margin of dorsal surface (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A wings B forewing venation C hind wing venation (ls 1, 2 - lines of setae, spv - spur vein, pst - parastigma). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784451" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); parastigma thickened, hyaline break (unpigmented area) present; marginal vein 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad; stigmal vein as long as marginal, with long narrow uncus consisting row of 4 uncal sensilla (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A wings B forewing venation C hind wing venation (ls 1, 2 - lines of setae, spv - spur vein, pst - parastigma). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784451" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
); postmarginal vein 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as marginal vein, enlarged seta marking apex of postmarginal vein of forewing absent (as long as others on this vein); setae of marginal fringe short. Hindwing relatively wide; membrane of costal cell along submarginal vein with line of long setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A wings B forewing venation C hind wing venation (ls 1, 2 - lines of setae, spv - spur vein, pst - parastigma). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784451" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
: ls1); spur vein originating from submarginal vein visible as differentiated hyaline process, alongside this a row of 5 thickened setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A wings B forewing venation C hind wing venation (ls 1, 2 - lines of setae, spv - spur vein, pst - parastigma). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784451" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
: spv, ls2); apex of marginal vein with 3 hamuli; marginal fringe ~ 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wing width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784451" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electronoyesella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electronoyesella antiqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="antiqua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Electronoyesella antiqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov., holotype female
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
|
||
wings
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
|
||
forewing venation
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">C</emphasis>
|
||
hind wing venation (ls1, 2 - lines of setae, spv - spur vein, pst - parastigma). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mid tibial spur about as long as basal mid tarsal segment or slightly shorter, both relatively long; mesotibia with row of pegs along anteroapical edge (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, lateral view B body, anterodorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784447" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, ventral (arrows indicate the metatibial pegs in inset) B body, posterodorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784448" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventral surface of mesobasitarsus and each next tarsomere with differentiated setation along anteroventral edge (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, ventral (arrows indicate the metatibial pegs in inset) B body, posterodorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784448" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex of metatibia with one peg originating from round, deep pit and row of spine-like setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, ventral (arrows indicate the metatibial pegs in inset) B body, posterodorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784448" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
: arrows); tarsi 5-segmented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
As long as head and mesosoma together; cerci situated in apical third of metasoma, with long vertical setae (or bristles) (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A body, lateral view B body, anterodorsolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784447" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterodorsal (cers - cercal seta, hyp - hypopygium, osh - ovipositor sheaths, ost - ovipositor stylet, ptrg? - paratergite?, spr - spiracle, syn - syntergum, vr 2 - second valvifer) B metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterolateral (cer - cercus, fc - filamentous connection, muc - mucro, opo? - possible, outer plate of the ovipositor, spv - hyaline spur vein; osh (v 3) - ovipositor sheaths)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784452" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
); syntergum (Mt8 + Mt9) v-shaped, no longer than 1/3 of metasoma; posterior margins of Mt2-Mt5 straight, parallel; Mt6 and Mt7 slightly produced, M-shaped, U-like between cerci; apex of hypopygium with developed mucro, reaching apex of syntergum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterodorsal (cers - cercal seta, hyp - hypopygium, osh - ovipositor sheaths, ost - ovipositor stylet, ptrg? - paratergite?, spr - spiracle, syn - syntergum, vr 2 - second valvifer) B metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterolateral (cer - cercus, fc - filamentous connection, muc - mucro, opo? - possible, outer plate of the ovipositor, spv - hyaline spur vein; osh (v 3) - ovipositor sheaths)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784452" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
); lateral margin of hypopygium bare, without row of setae; ovipositor stylet thick; ovipositor sheaths (gonostyli or third valvulae) visible in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterodorsal (cers - cercal seta, hyp - hypopygium, osh - ovipositor sheaths, ost - ovipositor stylet, ptrg? - paratergite?, spr - spiracle, syn - syntergum, vr 2 - second valvifer) B metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterolateral (cer - cercus, fc - filamentous connection, muc - mucro, opo? - possible, outer plate of the ovipositor, spv - hyaline spur vein; osh (v 3) - ovipositor sheaths)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784452" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
: osh (v3)), as long as mesobasitarsus, connect at some angle with second valvifers (inner plates of the ovipositor, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterodorsal (cers - cercal seta, hyp - hypopygium, osh - ovipositor sheaths, ost - ovipositor stylet, ptrg? - paratergite?, spr - spiracle, syn - syntergum, vr 2 - second valvifer) B metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterolateral (cer - cercus, fc - filamentous connection, muc - mucro, opo? - possible, outer plate of the ovipositor, spv - hyaline spur vein; osh (v 3) - ovipositor sheaths)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784452" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
: vr2), apparently, movably fused; outer plates of ovipositor not visible but (as J. S. Noyes, pers. comm. 2022, suggested) appear very slender, appear to have filamentous connection to paratergite (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterodorsal (cers - cercal seta, hyp - hypopygium, osh - ovipositor sheaths, ost - ovipositor stylet, ptrg? - paratergite?, spr - spiracle, syn - syntergum, vr 2 - second valvifer) B metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterolateral (cer - cercus, fc - filamentous connection, muc - mucro, opo? - possible, outer plate of the ovipositor, spv - hyaline spur vein; osh (v 3) - ovipositor sheaths)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784452" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
: fc, ptrg?) running forwards to outside of cercal plate, similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ericydnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ericydnus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Ericydnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A, B Ericydnus sp., female A metasoma, dorsal (opo - outer plates of ovipositor, ptrg - paratergite) B apex of metasoma, lateral (spr - spiracle on the lateral lobe of the Mt 7, v 3 - ovipositor sheaths) C Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, apex of metasoma, lateral (fc - filamentous connection). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784453" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784452" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electronoyesella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electronoyesella antiqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="antiqua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Electronoyesella antiqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov., holotype female
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
|
||
metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterodorsal (cers - cercal seta, hyp - hypopygium, osh - ovipositor sheaths, ost - ovipositor stylet, ptrg? - paratergite?, spr - spiracle, syn - syntergum, vr2 - second valvifer)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
|
||
metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterolateral (cer - cercus, fc - filamentous connection, muc - mucro, opo? - possible, outer plate of the ovipositor, spv - hyaline spur vein; osh(v3) - ovipositor sheaths).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784453" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ericydnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ericydnus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Ericydnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., female
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">A</emphasis>
|
||
metasoma, dorsal (opo - outer plates of ovipositor, ptrg - paratergite)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
|
||
apex of metasoma, lateral (spr - spiracle on the lateral lobe of the Mt7, v3 - ovipositor sheaths)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electronoyesella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electronoyesella antiqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="antiqua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Electronoyesella antiqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, apex of metasoma, lateral (fc - filamentous connection). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="genus composition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Genus composition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Type species only.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Remark.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electronoyesella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electronoyesella antiqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="species" species="antiqua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Electronoyesella antiqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov. from Rovno amber is the 23th non-ant hymenopteran genus (from 57, 40.4%) and 50th non-ant hymenopteran species (from 73, 68.5%), unknown from Baltic amber (Olmi 2022a, b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="105" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Late Eocene and extant encyrtid faunas differ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1835887" author="Simutnik, SA" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" refId="B14" refString="Simutnik, SA, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1835887" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1835887" year="2021">Simutnik 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For example, fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with reduced or shortened wings are unknown. The presence of the filum spinosum (FS), one of the main features of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Encyrtinae">Encyrtinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have been found in about one third (22) of the 64 examined Eocene encyrtid specimens (males and females). In extant
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the number of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Encyrtinae">Encyrtinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(with
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">FS</emphasis>
|
||
) is approximately three times more than the number of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (without
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">FS</emphasis>
|
||
). The venation of the forewings and the structure of the linea calva in the fossil described here, as well as in other known Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
without
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">FS</emphasis>
|
||
, most closely resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tryapitsyn" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Savzdargia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Savzdargia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Savzdargia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Trjapitzin, 1979;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoffer" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Moraviella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moraviella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Moraviella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hoffer, 1954;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Monodiscodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monodiscodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Monodiscodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hoffer, 1954; possibly some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ericydnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ericydnus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Ericydnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and some other extant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At the same time, distinct paratergites (the presence of which is one of the main features of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Trjapitzin, VA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" refId="B22" refString="Trjapitzin, VA, 1968. The problems of morphological evolution and the classification of the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Readings in Memory of N.A. Kholodkovsky (1967), 44-62. [in Russian]" title="The problems of morphological evolution and the classification of the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Readings in Memory of N. A. Kholodkovsky (1967), 44 - 62. [in Russian]" year="1968">Trjapitzin 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have not been previously found in fossil females. Therefore, there is not enough morphological evidence to classify them as members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.8" author="Simutnik, SA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="543 - 548" refId="B15" refString="Simutnik, SA, Perkovsky, EE, 2018. Archaeocercus gen. nov. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, En-cyrtidae) from late Eocene Rovno amber. Zootaxa 4441 (3): 543 - 548, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.8" title="Archaeocercus gen. nov. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, En-cyrtidae) from late Eocene Rovno amber." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.8" volume="4441" year="2018">Simutnik and Perkovsky 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.89.79180" author="Simutnik, SA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="47 - 60" refId="B20" refString="Simutnik, SA, Perkovsky, EE, Khomych, MR, Vasilenko, DV, 2022a. Two new genera of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with reduced ovipositor sheaths. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 89: 47 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.89.79180" title="Two new genera of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with reduced ovipositor sheaths." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.89.79180" volume="89" year="2022 a">Simutnik et al. 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electronoyesella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electronoyesella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Electronoyesella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a sclerotized, ribbon-like, separated part of Mt8 along the lateral edge of the syntergum (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female A metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterodorsal (cers - cercal seta, hyp - hypopygium, osh - ovipositor sheaths, ost - ovipositor stylet, ptrg? - paratergite?, spr - spiracle, syn - syntergum, vr 2 - second valvifer) B metasoma, part of mesosoma, posterolateral (cer - cercus, fc - filamentous connection, muc - mucro, opo? - possible, outer plate of the ovipositor, spv - hyaline spur vein; osh (v 3) - ovipositor sheaths)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784452" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A, B Ericydnus sp., female A metasoma, dorsal (opo - outer plates of ovipositor, ptrg - paratergite) B apex of metasoma, lateral (spr - spiracle on the lateral lobe of the Mt 7, v 3 - ovipositor sheaths) C Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, apex of metasoma, lateral (fc - filamentous connection). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784453" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
: ptrg?). This structure closely resembles the paratergites of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A, B Ericydnus sp., female A metasoma, dorsal (opo - outer plates of ovipositor, ptrg - paratergite) B apex of metasoma, lateral (spr - spiracle on the lateral lobe of the Mt 7, v 3 - ovipositor sheaths) C Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, apex of metasoma, lateral (fc - filamentous connection). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784453" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
: ptrg).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
One of the most intriguing things in the evolution of encyrtids is what happens to the connection of tergite IX of the abdomen (Mt8) and the outer plates of the ovipositor (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">OPO</emphasis>
|
||
) (J. S. Noyes, pers. comm. 2022). The
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">OPO</emphasis>
|
||
are completely separated from the syntergum behind the cercal plate in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Encyrtinae">Encyrtinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are connected by the paratergite. Both features almost certainly result from advancement of cerci (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, JS" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 459" refId="B5" refString="Noyes, JS, 2004. Encyrtidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 2. Metaphycus and related genera, parasitoids of scale insects (Coccoidea) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 73: 1 - 459" title="Encyrtidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 2. Metaphycus and related genera, parasitoids of scale insects (Coccoidea) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae)." volume="73" year="2004">Noyes 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Cerci of the earliest known middle Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sakhalinian amber are close to each other, located at the very top of the gaster, similar to the ground plan state for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Then, tentatively in late Eocene, they began to shift towards the base of the gaster and the distance between them began to increase (figs 12-14 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1835887" author="Simutnik, SA" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" refId="B14" refString="Simutnik, SA, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1835887" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1835887" year="2021">Simutnik 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This process was most likely the result of adaptation to parasitization of the host, probably by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" infraOrder="Coccinea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="infraOrder">Coccinea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for example,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Archaeocercoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeocercoides puchkovi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puchkovi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Archaeocercoides puchkovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Simutnik, 2022 from Rovno amber was fossilized near an undescribed crawler, see fig. 1C, D in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.89.79180" author="Simutnik, SA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" pagination="47 - 60" refId="B20" refString="Simutnik, SA, Perkovsky, EE, Khomych, MR, Vasilenko, DV, 2022a. Two new genera of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with reduced ovipositor sheaths. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 89: 47 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.89.79180" title="Two new genera of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with reduced ovipositor sheaths." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.89.79180" volume="89" year="2022 a">Simutnik et al. 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As the cerci advanced forward, Mt8 (or syntergum Mt8+Mt9) and then the previous terga began to separate into a dorsal part and lateral lobes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A, B Ericydnus sp., female A metasoma, dorsal (opo - outer plates of ovipositor, ptrg - paratergite) B apex of metasoma, lateral (spr - spiracle on the lateral lobe of the Mt 7, v 3 - ovipositor sheaths) C Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, apex of metasoma, lateral (fc - filamentous connection). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784453" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
The process of cercus advancement in both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Encyrtinae">Encyrtinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred independently and in parallel, and it began precisely in the late Eocene, since the cerci still remain in the apical or subapical position in most encyrtids from European ambers. Cerci extremely advanced to the base of the metasoma, as in many extant taxa, have not been found in known Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="105">
|
||
The elongate sclerotized strip (paratergite) in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
apparently separated from the lateral margin of the syntergum when the latter became long enough and the cercal plates advanced significantly towards the base of the gaster. The true paratergite must directly maintain a connection to tergite IX (Mt8). This connection is traceable in many species of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ericydnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ericydnus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Ericydnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
around the side and anterior of the cercal plate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A, B Ericydnus sp., female A metasoma, dorsal (opo - outer plates of ovipositor, ptrg - paratergite) B apex of metasoma, lateral (spr - spiracle on the lateral lobe of the Mt 7, v 3 - ovipositor sheaths) C Electronoyesella antiqua gen. et sp. nov., holotype female, apex of metasoma, lateral (fc - filamentous connection). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94773.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784453" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) but not in any other genera where the connection, at most is at best tenuous (J. S. Noyes, pers. comm. 2022). What is possibly the paratergite of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simutnik" authorityYear="2022" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Electronoyesella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electronoyesella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Electronoyesella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
running anteriorly to the outside of the cercal plate is very similar to the paratergite of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Ericydnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ericydnus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="105">Ericydnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and may provide morphological evidence for the existence of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="105" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetracneminae">Tetracneminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the late Eocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |