268 lines
32 KiB
XML
268 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="3F82057FC81102722F2DCD7BC63BB546" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4759.1.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="244e9b7a-0cca-4e09-bf94-d122c05de1b3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3735923" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1585730708120" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bacharo, Kurt Bryant B. & Sotto, Filipina B." docDate="2020" docId="4330DB399027FFBDFF1A80433B34B990" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4759.1.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4759 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Antipathes griggi Opresko 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="BF09A3419027FFBFFF8D861A3902BB3A" masterDocTitle="A new distributional record of the black coral Antipathes cf. griggi in Mactan Island, Philippines" masterLastPageNumber="146" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="143" updateTime="1698734120401" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6A97E18A0B89F19C6D512634D8C86F0C">A new distributional record of the black coral Antipathes cf. griggi in Mactan Island, Philippines</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="06175AB877D57262232C35C1DB3710CE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8F50399B560E0CF9FF33FB1A7A8A0202">Bacharo, Kurt Bryant B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A96C421EE3C3DFBB501EEAE9F5AFFA36">Sotto, Filipina B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5E58FBCA6ABB70F3757385F433E74DE8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E923638C5E0E73B589EDED14874FFCF7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="03D42C489DAF6B6A1A17B5656C13435E">
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<mods:date id="757E5E3E5F908A9427C0DA87326529F8">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7A72560CE63DD8F6ACDA720AC83DB56A">2020-04-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0B1E11E4EB616D3C3B27DAB37FEF2E8E">4759</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4330DB399027FFBDFF1A80433B34B990" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3811983" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163420487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3811983" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4330DB399027FFBDFF1A80433B34B990" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4330DB399027FFBDFF1A80433B34B990" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<subSubSection id="838339A49027FFBFFF1A80433B48BD4E" box="[151,586,1625,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CB266A2F9027FFBFFF1A80433B48BD4E" blockId="0.[151,1437,1517,2011]" box="[151,586,1625,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<heading id="906EDD439027FFBFFF1A80433B48BD4E" bold="true" box="[151,586,1625,1652]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9027FFBFFF1A80433B48BD4E" ID-CoL="67LGC" authority="Opresko, 2009" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,586,1625,1652]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griggi">
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<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9027FFBFFF1A80433B48BD4E" bold="true" box="[151,586,1625,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9027FFBFFF1A8043381BBD4E" bold="true" box="[151,281,1625,1652]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Antipathes</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9027FFBFFECB8040388CBD4E" bold="true" box="[326,398,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">griggi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AF0817DE9027FFBFFE1880433B48BD4E" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[405,586,1625,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" pagination="277 - 291" refId="ref1493" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2009) A new name for the Hawaiian antipatharian coral formerly known as Antipathes dichotoma (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Pacific Science, 63 (2), 277 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 049.063.0209" type="journal article" year="2009">Opresko, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="838339A49027FFBFFF1A80653B38BD81" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CB266A2F9027FFBFFF1A80653B38BD81" blockId="0.[151,1437,1517,2011]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9027FFBFFF1A8065387FBDAD" bold="true" box="[151,381,1663,1687]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Material Examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="7BF160729027FFBFFE0E80653D92BDAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594381936" box="[387,1168,1662,1688]" collectionCode="USCBM" latitude="10.273906" location="Agus" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="123.993706" municipality="Mactan Island" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" specimenCode="USCBM 2674" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="9B3FC2549027FFBFFE0E80653B1DBDAD" box="[387,543,1663,1687]" collectionCode="USCBM" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">USCBM 2674</specimenCode>
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,
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||
<location id="CE463CF49027FFBFFDAA80653B60BDAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4330DB399027FFBDFF1A80433B34B990:CE463CF49027FFBFFDAA80653B60BDAD" box="[551,610,1663,1687]" latitude="10.273906" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="123.993706" municipality="Mactan Island" name="Agus" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Agus</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="2B42F0559027FFBFFDE0809A3A05BDAD" box="[621,775,1663,1687]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Mactan Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="AEAD0CE89027FFBFFC9C80653AC4BDAD" box="[785,966,1662,1688]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" precision="1" seconds="26.06" value="10.273906">10° 16′ 26.06″ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="AEAD0CE89027FFBFFC5D80653D92BDAD" box="[976,1168,1662,1688]" degrees="123" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" precision="1" seconds="37.34" value="123.993706">123° 59′ 37.34″ E</geoCoordinate>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="7BF160729027FFBFFB1780653B34BD81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594381935" collectingDate="2017-02" collectionCode="SCUBA" collectorName="A. Ayop & N. Uy & P. Abella" elevation="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="AD88F2EA9027FFBFFB1780653DF4BDAD" box="[1178,1270,1663,1687]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">SCUBA</collectionCode>
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,
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||
<elevation id="40B48D1C9027FFBFFA8D80653C78BDAD" box="[1280,1402,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="13.0">
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<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFA8D80653C34BDAD" box="[1280,1334,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectorName id="666C0FF99027FFBFFA0F806539D1BD81" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">A. Ayop</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="666C0FF99027FFBFFF5080BE3822BD86" box="[221,288,1700,1724]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">N. Uy</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="666C0FF99027FFBFFEA780BE388EBD81" box="[298,396,1699,1723]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">P. Abella</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="BF274CEF9027FFBFFE1B80B93B34BD81" box="[406,566,1699,1723]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" value="2017-02">
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<collectingDate id="AF63B5079027FFBFFE1B80B93B34BD81" box="[406,566,1699,1723]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" value="2017-02">February 2017</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="838339A49027FFBDFF4A80DD382BBACC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CB266A2F9027FFBFFF4A80DD3C9FBCE1" blockId="0.[151,1437,1517,2011]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">
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<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9027FFBFFF4A80DD3849BDE5" bold="true" box="[199,331,1735,1759]" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Description</emphasis>
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: The bushy colony (
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<figureCitation id="53A276AA9027FFBFFDAA80DD3B67BDE5" box="[551,613,1735,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1256,1278]" captionTargetBox="[327,1261,237,1230]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[327,1261,237,1230]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antipathes cf. griggi colony in-situ in the locality area of Barangay Agus, Mactan Island, Philippines. Photo courtesy of Antonio Ayop." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735925/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) examined
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<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9027FFBFFD6880D23A2BBDE5" box="[741,809,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">in-situ</emphasis>
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has a measured length of
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<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFBCD80DD3D84BDE5" box="[1088,1158,1735,1759]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="cm" value="21.0">21 cm</quantity>
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. It has a colony growth of vertically directed branchlets that can be branched or unbranched themselves. The endpoint of each sub-branches diverges into two, resembling a fork having two tines (
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<figureCitation id="53A276AA9027FFBFFDF181153BC8BC1D" box="[636,714,1807,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,1341,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[189,1398,1338,1943]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyps of Antipathes cf. griggi on the terminal branch when viewed under stereoscope. Scale bars: 1 mm (a, b). Remarks: The gross morphology of the examined A. cf. griggi specimen is similar to the New Zealand species A. fru-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735927/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
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). The brownish to brick-reddish polyps at the terminal branchlets of the colony are arranged in a single series (
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<figureCitation id="53A276AA9027FFBFFDD781293BA5BC71" box="[602,679,1843,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,1341,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[189,1398,1338,1943]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyps of Antipathes cf. griggi on the terminal branch when viewed under stereoscope. Scale bars: 1 mm (a, b). Remarks: The gross morphology of the examined A. cf. griggi specimen is similar to the New Zealand species A. fru-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735927/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
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) with a transverse diameter of
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<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFC7E81293D53BC71" box="[1011,1105,1843,1867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="1.01">1.01 mm</quantity>
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(
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<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFBED81293DF3BC71" box="[1120,1265,1843,1867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.88" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="1.09" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.88">0.88–1.3 mm</quantity>
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) and are spaced
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<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFF1A814D39F5BC55" box="[151,247,1879,1903]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.12" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="1.12">1.12 mm</quantity>
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(
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<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFE8A814D38A5BC55" box="[263,423,1879,1903]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.155" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="0.96" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="1.155" valueMax="1.35" valueMin="0.96">0.96–1.35 mm</quantity>
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) apart, with 8–10 polyps per centimeter. Length of the sagittal and lateral tentacles measured
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<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFF1A816139F6BCA9" box="[151,244,1915,1939]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.36">0.36 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFE8F8161389DBCA9" box="[258,415,1915,1939]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.365" valueMax="0.46" valueMin="0.27">0.27–0.46 mm</quantity>
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||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFE5581613B37BCA9" box="[472,565,1915,1939]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFDCF81613BDDBCA9" box="[578,735,1915,1939]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.36" valueMax="0.44" valueMin="0.28">0.28–0.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
) respectively. The skeletal branch diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="53A276AA9027FFBFFB3B81613DF6BCA9" box="[1206,1268,1915,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1625,1647]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,705,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[197,1389,705,1599]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal branch diameter of Antipathes cf. griggi on the terminal branch when viewed under SEM. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735929/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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||
) without spines measured
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFE8B81853867BC8D" box="[262,357,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.73">0.73 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFEF881853B1ABC8D" box="[373,536,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="7.199999999999999" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.73" valueMax="0.74" valueMin="0.72">0.72–0.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Polypar spines measured
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFCB281853A9DBC8D" box="[831,927,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.19">0.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFC2281853D4CBC8D" box="[943,1102,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.19" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.18">0.18–0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in height while the abpolypar spines measured
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFEDD81D938ACBCE1" box="[336,430,1987,2011]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFE3381D93B4ABCE1" box="[446,584,1987,2011]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="5.55" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="0.1">0.10–11 mm</quantity>
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||
) and are spaced
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFD7381D93A5CBCE1" box="[766,862,1987,2011]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.52">0.52 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9027FFBFFCE081D93D0DBCE1" box="[877,1039,1987,2011]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.515" valueMax="0.53" valueMin="0.5">0.50–0.53 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The examined primary spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="53A276AA9027FFBFFAFC81D93C9FBCE1" box="[1393,1437,1987,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1258,1280]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,184,1229]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,182,1230]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. Close-up view of the primary spines (a-c) and secondary spines (d-e) of Antipathes cf. griggi when viewed under SEM. Scale bars: 0.01 mm (a, e), 0.02 mm (b, c, d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735931/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="143">Fig.</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB266A2F9026FFBEFF1A86803D2FBBEC" blockId="1.[151,1436,154,214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
|
||
4a-c) vary in morphology, being laterally compressed and blunt, or multilobed, or with papillae. Additionally, the skeletal surface bears secondary spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="53A276AA9026FFBEFE6386A43B2FBBEC" box="[494,557,190,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1258,1280]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,184,1229]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,182,1230]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. Close-up view of the primary spines (a-c) and secondary spines (d-e) of Antipathes cf. griggi when viewed under SEM. Scale bars: 0.01 mm (a, e), 0.02 mm (b, c, d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735931/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
d-e) which measured
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9026FFBEFC9E86A43A70BBEF" box="[787,882,190,214]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9026FFBEFC0D86A43D23BBEC" box="[896,1057,190,214]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="0.02" valueMax="0.03" valueMin="0.01">0.01–0.03 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9FE63AA79026FFBEFF1A82F23827BE18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735925" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3735925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735925/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" startId="1.[151,244,1256,1278]" targetBox="[327,1261,237,1230]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="CB266A2F9026FFBEFF1A82F23827BE18" blockId="1.[151,1436,1256,1315]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9026FFBEFF1A82F2380CBFC7" bold="true" box="[151,270,1256,1278]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9026FFBEFE9982F338D9BFC4" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2009" box="[276,475,1257,1279]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griggi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9026FFBEFE9982F33879BFC4" box="[276,379,1257,1278]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Antipathes</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9026FFBEFE2D82F338D9BFC4" box="[416,475,1257,1278]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">griggi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9026FFBEFDA782F33B65BFC4" box="[554,615,1257,1278]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">in-situ</emphasis>
|
||
in the locality area of Barangay Agus, Mactan Island, Philippines. Photo courtesy of Antonio Ayop.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="9FE63AA79026FFBEFF1A81A83C9EBCD7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3735927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3735927/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" startId="1.[151,244,1970,1992]" targetBox="[192,1396,1341,1940]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="CB266A2F9026FFBEFF1A81A83C9EBCD7" blockId="1.[151,1436,1970,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9026FFBEFF1A81A83805BCFD" bold="true" box="[151,263,1970,1992]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. Polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9026FFBEFEF981A83B38BCF2" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2009" box="[372,570,1970,1992]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griggi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9026FFBEFEF981A838D9BCFD" box="[372,475,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Antipathes</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9026FFBEFE7281A93B38BCF2" box="[511,570,1971,1992]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">griggi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the terminal branch when viewed under stereoscope. Scale bars: 1 mm (a, b).
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9026FFBEFF4A81CF382DBCD7" bold="true" box="[199,303,2005,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: The gross morphology of the examined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9026FFBEFD5381CF3A5EBCD6" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2009" box="[734,860,2004,2028]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griggi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9026FFBEFD5381CF3BF7BCD6" box="[734,757,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">A.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9026FFBEFC9681CF3A5EBCD6" box="[795,860,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">griggi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen is similar to the New Zealand species A. fru-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB266A2F9025FFBDFF1A8680382BBACC" blockId="2.[151,1437,154,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFF1A868039D5BB8B" box="[151,215,154,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">ticosa</emphasis>
|
||
and the Hawaiian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9025FFBDFE7F86803B53BB8B" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2009" box="[498,593,154,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griggi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFE7F86803B53BB8B" box="[498,593,154,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">A. griggi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These species have similar branching pattern, spine morphology and size, and secondary spines, but differ in the density of the primary spines, density and size of secondary spines, and surface features of the skeletal spines from the different portions of the branch depending on the diameter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF0817DE9025FFBDFBDA86F83DF6BBC0" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[1111,1268,226,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="277 - 291" refId="ref1493" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2009) A new name for the Hawaiian antipatharian coral formerly known as Antipathes dichotoma (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Pacific Science, 63 (2), 277 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 049.063.0209" type="journal article" year="2009">Opresko 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The examined specimen closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9025FFBDFE44871C3B2ABA27" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2009" box="[457,552,262,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griggi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFE44871C38DBBA27" box="[457,473,262,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFE6A871C3B2ABA27" box="[487,552,262,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">griggi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in terms of size and height of the secondary spines, which are less than
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9025FFBDFABB871C3C9ABA27" box="[1334,1432,262,286]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
, compared to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9025FFBDFE0987303B00BA78" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" box="[388,514,298,322]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFE0987303B00BA78" box="[388,514,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">A. fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which reaches
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9025FFBDFD2187303A0DBA7B" box="[684,783,298,322]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The density of the secondary spines in the examined specimen are more similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9025FFBDFE7387543B5FBA5F" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2009" box="[510,605,334,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griggi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFE7387543B5FBA5F" box="[510,605,334,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">A. griggi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than those of
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFD7A87543A79BA5C" box="[759,891,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9025FFBDFD7A87543A75BA5C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" box="[759,887,334,358]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">A. fruticosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9025FFBDFC2D87543AFDBA5F" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2009" box="[928,1023,334,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griggi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFC2D87543AFDBA5F" box="[928,1023,334,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">A. griggi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 2–3 spines per
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9025FFBDFB5987543C31BA5F" box="[1236,1331,334,358]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="3CECC7679025FFBDFAB987513C3EBA63" attach="right" box="[1332,1340,331,345]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">2</superScript>
|
||
. Though there are similarities with the original description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1422D48D9025FFBDFD7287683A5EBAB0" box="[767,860,370,394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9025FFBDFC0E87683AE1BAB3" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2009" box="[899,995,370,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griggi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFC0E87683A91BAB3" box="[899,915,370,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFC2F87683AE1BAB3" box="[930,995,370,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">griggi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are also differences: the examined specimen’s branching pattern is less dense and not as uniserial and its spines are much blunter. The slight morphological differences reveal that there is much uncertainty in the taxa that warrants the use of molecular tools for verification and confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="838339A49025FFBDFF4A84183B34B990" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="CB266A2F9025FFBDFF4A84183B34B990" blockId="2.[151,1437,154,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFF4A84183850B920" bold="true" box="[199,338,514,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9025FFBDFEED841838BFB923" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2009" box="[352,445,514,537]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griggi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFEED841838BFB923" box="[352,445,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">A. griggi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only been documented from the Hawaiian archipelago at
|
||
<quantity id="0C61C7CA9025FFBDFBC484183DB1B923" box="[1097,1203,514,538]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="m" value="60.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="10.0">10–110 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF0817DE9025FFBDFB3284183C58B920" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[1215,1370,514,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="277 - 291" refId="ref1493" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2009) A new name for the Hawaiian antipatharian coral formerly known as Antipathes dichotoma (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Pacific Science, 63 (2), 277 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 049.063.0209" type="journal article" year="2009">Opresko 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF0817DE9025FFBDFAEE841839FBB904" author="Wagner, D." pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="24" refId="ref1669" refString="Wagner, D. (2015) A taxonomic survey of the shallow-water (<150 m) black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of the Hawaiian Islands. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2, 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmars. 2015.00024" type="journal article" year="2015">Wagner 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF0817DE9025FFBDFE84843C38AAB904" author="Wagner, D." box="[265,424,550,574]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="24" refId="ref1669" refString="Wagner, D. (2015) A taxonomic survey of the shallow-water (<150 m) black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of the Hawaiian Islands. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2, 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmars. 2015.00024" type="journal article" year="2015">Wagner (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that colonies found in the Indo-Pacific that are identified with the Mediterranean species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9025FFBDFF4A84503854B958" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[199,342,586,610]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFF4A84503854B958" box="[199,342,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">A. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were misidentified, since the Indo-Pacific is outside the distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C9911AC9025FFBDFB1884503C26B958" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[1173,1316,586,610]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9EDB63D9025FFBDFB1884503C26B958" box="[1173,1316,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">A. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The result of this taxonomic investigation is the first record of the species outside the Hawaiian Archipelago and further provides support to the claim of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF0817DE9025FFBDFE0284883B30B990" author="Wagner, D." box="[399,562,658,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="24" refId="ref1669" refString="Wagner, D. (2015) A taxonomic survey of the shallow-water (<150 m) black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of the Hawaiian Islands. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2, 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmars. 2015.00024" type="journal article" year="2015">Wagner (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |