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<document id="8AA8DFDADE910F28B9F6CE2A4F83154A" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701359218" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10097597" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629850596317" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2010" docId="0A49A339DF41600BFE4AC1A6DD58FBBE" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.38.19.2455-2526.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 38 (26)" docSource="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222930701359218" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Polysyncraton montanum Kott 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="2482" masterDocId="F670DB41DF5A6017FF85C278D97FFFBA" masterDocTitle="New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 2)" masterLastPageNumber="2526" masterPageNumber="2455" pageNumber="2481" updateTime="1699989112872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D0314E10EDC35074DB5B68B82475CAC6">New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 2)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="671D742F80A5046ED4A41186BC682D75">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4FA8F5F9F53B23F3F3F43C0EF609A808">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0F0ABCC0B58F57059743986F98A6AF98">2010</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="CAFA41A4DF41600CFE4AC1A6DA2AFC4C" box="[463,853,990,1014]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="825F122FDF41600CFE4AC1A6DA2AFC4C" blockId="27.[463,853,990,1014]" box="[463,853,990,1014]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">
<heading id="D917A543DF41600CFE4AC1A6DA2AFC4C" box="[463,853,990,1014]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF41600CFE4AC1A6DB92FC4C" ID-CoL="4LP9R" authority="Kott, 2010" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2010" box="[463,749,990,1014]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF41600CFE4AC1A6DB92FC4C" bold="true" box="[463,749,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">Polysyncraton montanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABA77346DF41600CFD7DC1A6DA2AFC4C" box="[760,853,990,1014]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="CAFA41A4DF41600BFDB7C186DD58FBBE" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="2482" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" type="description">
<paragraph id="825F122FDF41600CFDB7C186DB8EFBAC" blockId="27.[562,753,1022,1046]" box="[562,753,1022,1046]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">
(
<figureCitation id="1ADB0EAADF41600CFDBCC186DBD3FBAC" box="[569,684,1022,1046]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[154,170,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[158,1107,560,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-107@26.[154,1112,553,1619]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 5. (AC) Polysyncraton longitubis (SAM E2929). (A) Surface of colony; (B) thorax; (C) abdomen. (D, E) Polysyncraton montanum (SAM E3224). (D) Thorax; (E) abdomen. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10126484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10126484/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">figures 5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1ADB0EAADF41600CFD3EC186DB96FBAC" box="[699,745,1022,1046]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="65.[159,175,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[295,982,178,1564]" captionTargetId="figure-0@65.[295,982,178,1566]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIG. 17. (A) Polysyncraton galaxum (SAM E2927); (B) Polysyncraton longitubis (SAM E2929); (C) Polysyncraton montanum (SAM E3224); (D) Polysyncraton peristroma (QM G308608); (E) Polysyncraton pseudomagnetae (QM G308612); (F) Polysyncraton pseudorugosum (QM G308600); (G) Polysyncraton reticulum (SAM E2917); (H) Polysyncraton rica (SAM E3216)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10126510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10126510/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">17C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF41600CFF42C653DB01FB38" blockId="27.[159,1116,1066,1733]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF41600CFF42C653D82AFBF9" box="[199,341,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">Distribution.</emphasis>
Type locality:
<collectingRegion id="4024DCCDDF41600CFD92C652DBABFBF8" box="[535,724,1066,1090]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">South Australia</collectingRegion>
(Kangaroo I., Pissy Boy Rock between Snug Cove and Western River Cave on rock wall,
<quantity id="4518BFCADF41600CFC1DC632DA94FBD8" box="[920,1003,1098,1122]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">810 m</quantity>
, coll. K. Gowlett Holmes,
<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF41600CFEF5C612D8ABFB38" box="[368,468,1130,1154]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
SAM E3224).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF41600CFF42C6F3DA21FA19" blockId="27.[159,1116,1066,1733]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF41600CFF42C6F3D831FB19" box="[199,334,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">Description.</emphasis>
In life the colony looks like a
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF41600CFC86C6F3DAE9FB19" authorityName="Bjerkan" authorityYear="1905" box="[771,918,1163,1187]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF41600CFC86C6F3DAE9FB19" box="[771,918,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">Leptoclinides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being a deep, slightly asymmetrical, mottled pink and white cone with a large terminal common cloacal aperture. The preserved colony is pinkish orange and the label is stained the same colour. The colony is smooth on the surface. Internally, bright orange zooids line the deep primary common cloacal canals surrounding test connectives to which the zooids are firmly attached, appearing to be in tight clumps. A thin superficial bladder cell layer is aspiculate but beneath that the spicules are crowded throughout. They are stellate, up to
<quantity id="4518BFCADF41600CFC04C713DA9EFA39" box="[897,993,1387,1411]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
diameter, with 911 conical pointed rays in optical transverse section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF41600CFF42C7D3DD46F9BE" blockId="27.[159,1116,1066,1733]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">Zooids have large thoraces with a broad flat-tipped atrial lip. A long tapering retractor muscle projects from the oesophageal neck. Gonads were not detected in the newly recorded specimens, and the number of stigmata could not be counted.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF41600BFF42C474DBD3FEDD" blockId="27.[159,1116,1066,1733]" lastBlockId="28.[154,1111,173,359]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="2482" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF41600CFF42C474D84DF99E" box="[199,306,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">Remarks.</emphasis>
The tropical
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF41600CFE5FC474DA1CF99E" authority="Monniot, 1993" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1993" box="[474,867,1548,1572]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorugosum">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF41600CFE5FC474DBD6F99E" box="[474,681,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">P. pseudorugosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E6716FDEDF41600CFD30C474DA1CF99E" author="MONNIOT, F." box="[693,867,1548,1572]" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref32565" refString="MONNIOT, F., 1993, Ascidies de Nouvelle-Caledonie XIII. Le genre Polysyncraton (Didemnidae), Bulletin Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, serie 4, 15 A (1 - 4), 3 - 17." type="journal article" year="1993">Monniot, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see Kott, 2001 and below) is not readily distinguished from the present species, having similar systems and spicules. However, it has a sheet-like colony with many common cloacal apertures rather than terminal ones like the present species. Other species of
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF41600CFF46C4F5D81DF91F" authorityName="Nott" authorityYear="1892" box="[195,354,1677,1701]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF41600CFF46C4F5D81DF91F" box="[195,354,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with similar common cloacal systems and stellate spicules with 911 pointed conical rays are
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF41600CFD95C4D5DBC1F97F" box="[528,702,1709,1733]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuculliferum">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF41600CFD95C4D5DBC1F97F" box="[528,702,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481">P. cuculliferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with smaller spicules (to
<quantity id="4518BFCADF41600CFC79C4D4DD23F97E" box="[1020,1116,1708,1732]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="2481" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
diameter) and
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF46600BFEC9C2D6DB39FF7F" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[332,582,173,198]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sideris">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF46600BFEC9C2D6D8C6FF7C" box="[332,441,174,198]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">P. sideris</emphasis>
Kott, 2001
</taxonomicName>
(with larger spicules to
<quantity id="4518BFCADF46600BFCF3C2D5DAAAFF7F" box="[886,981,173,197]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
diameter). The broad atrial lip resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF46600BFDE2C2B6DB9CFF5C" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[615,739,206,230]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tegetum">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF46600BFDE2C2B6DB9CFF5C" box="[615,739,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">P. tegetum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the spicule rays are never chisel-shaped. The colony is a similar colour to colonies of
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF46600BFC05C296D866FE9C" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragum">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF46600BFC05C296DD28FEBC" box="[896,1111,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">Didemnum fragum</emphasis>
Kott, 2001
</taxonomicName>
and has a similar terminal common cloacal aperture, but
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF46600BFC5AC377DD29FE9D" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[991,1110,271,295]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragum">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF46600BFC5AC377DD29FE9D" box="[991,1110,271,295]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">D. fragum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has smaller zooids, lacks an atrial lip and has shorter spicule rays. The present species appears to be previously undescribed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF46600BFE22C3E6DA0EFE0C" blockId="28.[154,1110,414,502]" box="[423,881,414,438]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF46600BFE22C3E6DA0EFE0C" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[423,881,414,438]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF46600BFE22C3E6DB96FE0C" bold="true" box="[423,745,414,438]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">Polysyncraton pedunculatum</emphasis>
Kott, 2001
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF46600BFF1FC3C6DA78FE4C" blockId="28.[154,1110,414,502]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF46600BFF1FC3C6DBD3FE6F" authority="Kott, 2001: 121" authorityName="Kott" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="2001" box="[154,684,445,470]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF46600BFF1FC3C6D89FFE6C" box="[154,480,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">Polysyncraton pedunculatum</emphasis>
Kott, 2001: 121
</taxonomicName>
(part, not specimen QM GH2387, Flinders I., pl. 6D~
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF46600BFE28C3A6D885FE4C" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[429,506,478,502]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rica">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF46600BFE28C3A6D885FE4C" box="[429,506,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">P. rica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and synonymy; 2004.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF46600BFF47C07FDAE3FDE5" blockId="28.[154,1111,519,1028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF46600BFF47C07FD830FDA5" box="[194,335,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">Distribution.</emphasis>
Previously recorded (see Kott, 2001, 2004):
<collectingRegion id="4024DCCDDF46600BFC13C07FDD28FDA5" box="[918,1111,519,543]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">South Australia</collectingRegion>
(Great Australian Bight, Nuyts Archipelago, Yorke Peninsular, Investigator Strait). New record:
<collectingRegion id="4024DCCDDF46600BFE0BC03FDB38FDE5" box="[398,583,583,607]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">South Australia</collectingRegion>
(Kangaroo I., SAM E3230).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF46600BFF47C010D85FFCBB" blockId="28.[154,1111,519,1028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF46600BFF47C010D836FD3A" box="[194,329,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">Description.</emphasis>
The living colony is reddish tan, slightly translucent, biramous vertically ridged with a short, relatively narrow, basal stalk. Zooids are confined to the surface of the completely aspiculate colony. They are in irregular longish oval groups with primary common cloacal canals around each group. The test is soft and translucent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF46600BFF47C172D8BFFCD8" blockId="28.[154,1111,519,1028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">Zooids have the usual long, fine retractor muscle projecting from about halfway down the oesophageal neck. Three coils of the vas deferens surround a number of testis follicles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF46600BFF47C113DBBBFC7E" blockId="28.[154,1111,519,1028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF46600BFF47C113D852FC39" box="[194,301,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">Remarks.</emphasis>
Kott (2001) confused specimens of
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF46600BFD61C113DA4BFC39" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[740,820,875,899]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rica">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF46600BFD61C113DA4BFC39" box="[740,820,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">P. rica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which is only partially aspiculate with a smooth surface) with the present completely aspiculate, irregularly ridged species, which looks very different.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF46600BFF47C1B4DD58FBBE" blockId="28.[154,1111,519,1028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="2482">The report of four coils of the vas deferens (Kott, 2001) is incorrect. Reexamination of the material has shown that there are three coils in all specimens.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>