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<document ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a30" ID-GBIF-Dataset="274c432c-674f-4cb9-9078-7805f6010c09" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268556" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DC16419D-DD62-4E4E-B713-A0A18553302B" checkinTime="1667219583526" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bosselaers, Mark &amp; Munsterman, Dirk K." docDate="2022" docId="3F4187CBF166FFB18DD9FA55F7F0F9DB" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.44.30.933-973.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 44 (30)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Persufflatius renefraaijeni Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman 2022, n. gen., n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="959" masterDocId="C378FFB3F160FFAD8D35FFC7F619FFB7" masterDocTitle="The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives" masterLastPageNumber="973" masterPageNumber="933" pageNumber="937" updateTime="1667302309707" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bosselaers, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Munsterman, Dirk K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-10-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number>44</mods:number>
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<mods:number>30</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[236,518,1426,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[236,518,1426,1453]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
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<figureCitation box="[271,372,1459,1486]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-10="FIG" captionStart-11="FIG" captionStart-12="FIG" captionStart-13="FIG" captionStart-14="FIG" captionStart-15="FIG" captionStart-16="FIG" captionStart-17="FIG" captionStart-18="FIG" captionStart-19="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-20="FIG" captionStart-21="FIG" captionStart-22="FIG" captionStart-23="FIG" captionStart-24="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStart-5="FIG" captionStart-6="FIG" captionStart-7="FIG" captionStart-8="FIG" captionStart-9="FIG" captionStartId-0="4.[813,824,588,605]" captionStartId-1="5.[132,143,750,767]" captionStartId-10="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionStartId-11="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionStartId-12="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionStartId-13="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionStartId-14="20.[132,143,946,963]" captionStartId-15="21.[132,143,725,742]" captionStartId-16="21.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionStartId-17="22.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionStartId-18="23.[132,143,1083,1100]" captionStartId-19="24.[191,202,1070,1087]" captionStartId-2="6.[132,143,1309,1326]" captionStartId-20="25.[262,273,694,711]" captionStartId-21="26.[814,824,632,649]" captionStartId-22="26.[813,824,1545,1562]" captionStartId-23="27.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionStartId-24="28.[813,824,987,1004]" captionStartId-3="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionStartId-4="7.[132,143,1440,1457]" captionStartId-5="8.[132,143,1014,1031]" captionStartId-6="9.[132,143,1310,1327]" captionStartId-7="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionStartId-8="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionStartId-9="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox-0="[820,1448,215,547]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1426,216,707]" captionTargetBox-10="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetBox-11="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetBox-12="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetBox-13="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetBox-14="[150,1449,216,904]" captionTargetBox-15="[144,1444,215,682]" captionTargetBox-16="[136,779,849,1314]" captionTargetBox-17="[156,1448,216,1848]" captionTargetBox-18="[152,1449,216,1042]" captionTargetBox-19="[155,1432,215,1030]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,1456,191,1275]" captionTargetBox-20="[146,1456,216,655]" captionTargetBox-21="[828,1438,217,590]" captionTargetBox-22="[825,1430,836,1425]" captionTargetBox-23="[132,1451,180,1845]" captionTargetBox-24="[812,1459,208,965]" captionTargetBox-3="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetBox-4="[141,1443,1164,1398]" captionTargetBox-5="[227,1361,215,972]" captionTargetBox-6="[144,1444,215,1270]" captionTargetBox-7="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetBox-9="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId-0="graphics-905@4.[820,1448,215,548]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-529@5.[136,1427,263,708]" captionTargetId-10="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetId-11="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetId-12="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetId-13="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetId-14="figure-675@20.[780,1424,293,826]" captionTargetId-15="figure-596@21.[143,805,213,683]" captionTargetId-16="graphics-732@21.[207,480,884,1195]" captionTargetId-17="figure-24@22.[672,1119,290,1034]" captionTargetId-18="figure-530@23.[772,1136,267,965]" captionTargetId-19="figure-552@24.[503,1092,213,757]" captionTargetId-2="graphics-423@6.[138,1450,215,1268]" captionTargetId-20="figure-583@25.[124,975,236,630]" captionTargetId-21="figure-627@26.[812,1455,200,605]" captionTargetId-22="figure-712@26.[814,1455,819,1328]" captionTargetId-23="figure-25@27.[699,1265,791,1358]" captionTargetId-24="figure-813@28.[807,1367,198,761]" captionTargetId-3="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetId-4="graphics-374@7.[133,1455,1103,1398]" captionTargetId-5="figure-518@8.[227,1361,215,972]" captionTargetId-6="figure-335@9.[132,1455,211,1281]" captionTargetId-7="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetId-8="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetId-9="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-10="15" captionTargetPageId-11="16" captionTargetPageId-12="18" captionTargetPageId-13="19" captionTargetPageId-14="20" captionTargetPageId-15="21" captionTargetPageId-16="21" captionTargetPageId-17="22" captionTargetPageId-18="23" captionTargetPageId-19="24" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-20="25" captionTargetPageId-21="26" captionTargetPageId-22="26" captionTargetPageId-23="27" captionTargetPageId-24="28" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionTargetPageId-6="9" captionTargetPageId-7="11" captionTargetPageId-8="12" captionTargetPageId-9="14" captionText-0="FIG. 1. — Location of the holotype of Persufflatius renefraajieni n. gen., n. sp.: A, in the Netherlands (green), the blue square indicates the type locality;B, the vicinity of Liessel. The holotype of Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp. was discovered at ‘De Brink’ (bright blue spot, 51°25’40”N, 5°49’46”E)." captionText-1="FIG. 2. — Dinoflagellate cyst zonation cf. Munsterman et al. 2019. Abbreviations: Ma, million years ago; Tor, Tortonian; Aan, Achomosphaera andalousiensis; Cpa, Cannospaeropsis passio; Ede, Erymnodinium delectabile; Ltr, Labyrinthodinium truncatum; Pgo, Palaeocystodinum golzowensis; Spl, Systematophora placacantha; Sso, Sumatradinium soucouyantiae. Red lines indicate the limits of the dinozone Southern North Sea DN9, the dinozone the specimen is dated from." captionText-10="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." captionText-11="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-12="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-13="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." captionText-14="FIG. 15. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Medial view without periotic. d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior. Stereo image. Scale bars: 10 cm." captionText-15="FIG. 16. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Lateral stereo view and annotated line draw of the endocast of the right cerebral imprint as preserved. d, dorsal; a, anterior. Grey areas, missing fragments due to fracture. At the right side is the imprint of the frontoparietal lobe. To the left is the protruding imprint of the laterally protruding temporal lobe. Scale bars: 5 cm." captionText-16="FIG. 17. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Cast of the lateral side of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum: interpretation of the surface structures. Antrolateral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal. Bright green line indicates the position of the almost vertical sylvian fissure (the separation between the frontoparietal and the temporal lobe). The wavy violet line in the middle of the lobe indicates the position of the internal parietal-squamosal suture.The black lines indicate terminal branches of the venous sinuses (reasonably large blood vessels); they are crossed by smaller cortical veins (magenta lines). Hatched lines, fracture. Scale bar: 30 mm. (obs. and pers. comm. Dr Yannick Van Ael; MB pers. obs.)." captionText-17="FIG. 18. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype.Right periotic: A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, posteromedial view; D, medial view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial; p, posterior; pl, posterolateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-18="FIG. 19. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic: E, posterior view; F, lateroventral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-19="FIG. 20. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic in situ in squamosal.Light blue line, burrow. Ventral view." captionText-2="FIG. 3. — Distribution chart of palynomorphs in the sandy sample, the newly defined specimen (MAB 010293) was dated from. The sample, consisting of fine glauconitic sand, was intercalated between the periotic and the squamosal of the holotype. Abbreviations: SP, sporomorphs;MP, miscellaneous palynomorphs." captionText-20="FIG. 21. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterior view. d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm. TABLE 6. — Measurements of periotic foramina in mm." captionText-21="FIG. 22. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Periotic, lateral view (anterior to the right): additions in purple-grey; right purple-grey spot, reconstruction of the broken anterior process (maximum size possible); middle purple-grey spot, the addition of the fragment of the lateral side of the anterior process that is still attached to the squamosal; left purple-grey spot, addition of the fragment of the lateral tuberosity that is still attached to the squamosal." captionText-22="FIG. 23. — Anteroventral (left) and posterodorsal (right) views of Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., with a schematic indication of expanded (‘inflated’) regions (compared to the neurocranium of Pelocetus, Uranocetus and Piscobalaena). Note the sub-triangular ventral squamosal fossa (1), with a strong ventrally protruding wall (D) and the wide,rounded dorsal squamosal fossa (2). A, dense mediodorsal parietal; B, dense anterodorsal supraoccipital; C, layered anteromedioventral squamosal body; D, inflated ventral squamosal wall; E, inflated and laterally expanded anterior surface of the postglenoid process; F, inflated and laterally expanded posterolateral postglenoid process;G, inflated laterodorsal squamosal and posterolaterodorsal zygomatic process;H, inflated and mediolaterally expanded exoccipital. Scale bars: 10 cm." captionText-23="FIG. 24. — Series of bone samples of the neurocranium of the holotype (MAB 010293), showing some different bone structures. Left, neurocranium of holotype: A, anterior view; B, posterior to posterodorsal view; C, posterodorsal view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; m, medial; l, lateral. Magenta ovals show positions where the bone samples were taken. Scale bar: 10 cm exept photos of the bone samples (on the right), to the same scale (10 mm)." captionText-24="FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: A, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; B, pterygoid-squamosal suture;compactness:0.631;C, anteroventral squamosal border;compactness: 0.594; D, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; E, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; F, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; G, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: G1, top: 0.808; G2, middle: 0.509; G3, bottom: 0.775; H, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; I, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using ‘Bone ProfileR’ (Girondot &amp; Laurin 2003). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4." captionText-3="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." captionText-4="FIG. 5. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype. The neurocranium of Persufflatius n. gen. compared to the outline drawings of Pelocetus, Atlanticetus, Parietobalaena, Piscobalaena (a typical Cetotheriidae) and Balaenoptera acutorostrata (a typical derived Balaenopteridae). Notice the rounded, bulbous, ‘inflated’ shape of the postglenoid process, the exoccipital, the anterior squamosal and the supraoccipital (arrows)." captionText-5="FIG. 6. — Dr René H. B. Fraaije, ferociously attacked by one of his dinosaurs at the entrance of the ‘Oertijdmuseum’ at Boxtel, the Netherlands. Anterior view. u, up; ll, left lateral. Scale bar: 15 cm." captionText-6="FIG. 7. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype and some closely related species. Line drawings in dorsal view, on the same scale. a, anterior; rl, right lateral. A, Isanacetus laticephalus MFM 28501, holotype; B, ‘Balaenoptera’ ryani CASG 1733, MFM 28501; C, Pelocetus calvertensis USNM 11976, holotype; D, Atlanticetus patulus USNM 23690, holotype; E, Morenocetus parvus MPL 5-11, holotype; F, Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype (original: right, purple-grey side; mirrored: left, green side); G, Tiucetus rosae MNHN.F.PPI261, holotype; H, ‘Diorocetus’ chichibuensis SMNH- VeF-68, holotype; I, ‘Diorocetus’ shobarensis HMN-F00005, holotype; J, Uranocetus gramensis MSM p 813, holotype; K, Parietobalaena palmeri USNM 10668, holotype; L, USNM 16119, referred specimen; M, Diorocetus hiatus USNM 16783, holotype. Scale bar 20 cm." captionText-7="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-8="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-9="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268560" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268562" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" figureDoi-12="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" figureDoi-13="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" figureDoi-14="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268596" figureDoi-15="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268598" figureDoi-16="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268602" figureDoi-17="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268604" figureDoi-18="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268608" figureDoi-19="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268610" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7271119" figureDoi-20="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268612" figureDoi-21="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268616" figureDoi-22="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268620" figureDoi-23="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268622" figureDoi-24="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268624" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268572" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268576" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268580" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7268560/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7268562/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/7268596/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/7268598/files/figure.png" httpUri-16="https://zenodo.org/record/7268602/files/figure.png" httpUri-17="https://zenodo.org/record/7268604/files/figure.png" httpUri-18="https://zenodo.org/record/7268608/files/figure.png" httpUri-19="https://zenodo.org/record/7268610/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7271119/files/figure.png" httpUri-20="https://zenodo.org/record/7268612/files/figure.png" httpUri-21="https://zenodo.org/record/7268616/files/figure.png" httpUri-22="https://zenodo.org/record/7268620/files/figure.png" httpUri-23="https://zenodo.org/record/7268622/files/figure.png" httpUri-24="https://zenodo.org/record/7268624/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7268572/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7268576/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7268580/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">Figs 1-25</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation box="[385,473,1459,1485]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[133,178,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype. Measurements (in mm) of the cranium, the periotic and the bulla tympani. Abbreviations: e, estimate; ee, rough estimate; m, measurement; H, height; W, width; (List after Marx 2017; adapted)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" tableUuid="E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4">Tables 1</tableCitation>
-6; Appendix 2)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[132,774,1532,1549]" box="[132,774,1532,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">
<uri box="[132,774,1532,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
<uuid box="[347,774,1532,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">B1833429-144C-44FF-B7FF-AC45E8552437</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="937" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="6.[131,776,1605,1840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3948798301" box="[133,424,1605,1629]" collectionCode="MAB" country="Netherlands" latitude="51.42778" location="Liessel" longLatPrecision="17" longitude="5.8294444" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" specimenCode="MAB 010293" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Noord Brabant" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[133,240,1605,1628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. — 
<specimenCode box="[283,424,1605,1629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">MAB 010293</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
. A partial cranium consisting of the right half of a neurocranium including the squamosal (without the anterior part of the zygomatic process of the squamosal), the supraoccipital, the exoccipital (the medial part, bearing the condyle and the foramen magnum, is missing), the parietal, a small fragment of the pterygoid, the periotic and the compound posterior process of the petrotympanic. Part of the vertex is preserved, although eroded. The bulla tympani, part of the basicranium, the palate, the suborbital region and the rostrum are missing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[131,777,1871,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">
<collectionCode box="[132,182,1872,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">TYPE</collectionCode>
LOCALITY. — The skull 
<specimenCode box="[429,569,1871,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">MAB 010293</specimenCode>
has been discovered on the spoil piles of the Liessel sand mining (brick producing) company Hoogdonk, in the 1980-90s. The factory was situated at ‘De Brink’, in between the villages 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F4187CBF166FFB18DD9FA55F7F0F9DB:B2376006F166FFAB8CD7F859F43AF801" box="[482,547,1950,1974]" country="Netherlands" latitude="51.42778" longLatPrecision="17" longitude="5.8294444" name="Liessel" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" stateProvince="Noord Brabant">Liessel</location>
and 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F4187CBF166FFB18DD9FA55F7F0F9DB:B2376006F166FFAB8F63F858F4BCF801" box="[598,677,1951,1974]" country="Netherlands" latitude="51.42778" longLatPrecision="17" longitude="5.8294444" name="Deurne" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" stateProvince="Noord Brabant">Deurne</location>
, province of 
<collectingRegion box="[161,319,1977,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">Noord Brabant</collectingRegion>
, the 
<collectingCountry box="[373,497,1977,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[514,641,1977,2001]" degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" precision="15" seconds="40" value="51.42778">51°25’40”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[654,759,1977,2001]" degrees="5" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" precision="15" seconds="46" value="5.8294444">5°49’46”E</geoCoordinate>
); (
<figureCitation box="[141,199,2003,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[813,824,588,605]" captionTargetBox="[820,1448,215,547]" captionTargetId="graphics-905@4.[820,1448,215,548]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Location of the holotype of Persufflatius renefraajieni n. gen., n. sp.: A, in the Netherlands (green), the blue square indicates the type locality;B, the vicinity of Liessel. The holotype of Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp. was discovered at ‘De Brink’ (bright blue spot, 51°25’40”N, 5°49’46”E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268560/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="937" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="6.[811,1456,1426,1636]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">
ETYMOLOGY. — Named after the first and last name of Dr René H. B. Fraaije (
<figureCitation box="[921,978,1453,1477]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1014,1031]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-518@8.[227,1361,215,972]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dr René H. B. Fraaije, ferociously attacked by one of his dinosaurs at the entrance of the ‘Oertijdmuseum’ at Boxtel, the Netherlands. Anterior view. u, up; ll, left lateral. Scale bar: 15 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268576/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), founder and director of the Oertijdmuseum at Boxtel, 
<collectingCountry box="[888,1048,1479,1503]" name="Netherlands" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
, who discovered the specimen. In honour of his long-lasting efforts in favour of the study of fossils in general (especially Decapoda) and of the Liessel cetaceans in particular, and for his outstanding efforts to bring particularly (school) children in contact with natural history, 
<emphasis box="[1136,1143,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">c</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1149,1161,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">q</emphasis>
. fossils and dinosaurs, in the Oertijdmuseum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="937" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="6.[811,1457,1675,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">
<collectionCode box="[813,861,1676,1699]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">TYPE</collectionCode>
HORIZON AND GEOLOGICAL AGE. — Borehole B52C1978, interval 
<quantity box="[870,960,1702,1726]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.225" metricValueMax="4.45" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" unit="m" value="22.25" valueMax="44.5" valueMin="0.0">0-44.5 m</quantity>
, directly adjacent to the sand pit (at RD-coordinates: (X) 185.627 and (Y) 382.024) was drilled in 2001. The results of the lithostratigraphic and palynological interpretations are reported by 
<bibRefCitation author="MUNSTERMAN D. K." box="[842,1042,1781,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" pagination="1978" refId="ref26274" refString="MUNSTERMAN D. K. 2007. - The results of age-assessment based on the palynological study of borehole Hoogdonk (B 52 C 1978; Liessel, Peel Block, North Brabant): interval 9.2 - 445 m. TNO Report 2007 - U-R 0860 / A." type="journal article" year="2007">Munsterman (2007)</bibRefCitation>
(see also: 
<bibRefCitation author="PETERS N." box="[1140,1340,1781,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" refId="ref26501" refString="PETERS N. 2009. - Brabant tussen walvissen en mastodonten, fossielen uit Liessel. Nationaal Beiaard- en Natuurmuseum Asten en Oertijdmuseum De Groene Poort Boxtel, 110 p." type="book" year="2009">Peters 2009: 98-105</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="MARX F. &amp; BOSSELAERS M. &amp; LOUWYE S." pageId="6" pageNumber="937" pagination="1572" refId="ref25821" refString="MARX F., BOSSELAERS M. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2016 a. - A new species of Metopocetus (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Cetotheriidae) from the Late Miocene of the Netherlands. PeerJ 4: e 1572. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 1572" type="journal article" year="2016">
Marx 
<emphasis box="[1409,1456,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">et al.</emphasis>
2016a: 4
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="BISCONTI M. &amp; MUNSTERMAN D. K. &amp; FRAAIJE H. B. &amp; BOSSELAERS M. E. J. &amp; POST K." box="[911,1149,1807,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" pagination="8315" refId="ref23173" refString="BISCONTI M., MUNSTERMAN D. K., FRAAIJE H. B., BOSSELAERS M. E. J. &amp; POST K. 2020. - A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera. PeerJ 7: e 8315. http: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 8315" type="journal article" year="2020">
Bisconti 
<emphasis box="[998,1045,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">et al.</emphasis>
2020: 3-5
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[812,1456,1871,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">
LITHOLOGICAL 
<collectionCode box="[963,1011,1877,1893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">UNIT</collectionCode>
. — The specimen was dragged from sands assigned to the Diessen Formation. This is a shallow marine deposit consisting of glauconiferous sands, sandy clays and clays. The Diessen Formation is present throughout 
<collectingCountry box="[1172,1327,1950,1974]" name="Netherlands" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
and includes part of the Dutch late Miocene succession (Tortonian-Messinian) (
<bibRefCitation author="MUNSTERMAN D. K. &amp; TEN VEEN J. H. &amp; MENKOVIC A. &amp; DECKERS J. &amp; WITMANS N. &amp; VERHAEGEN J. &amp; BOEGEHOLD S. J. &amp; VAN DE VEN T. &amp; BUSSCHERS F." box="[821,1057,2003,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="937" pagination="8" refId="ref26324" refString="MUNSTERMAN D. K., TEN VEEN J. H., MENKOVIC A., DECKERS J., WITMANS N., VERHAEGEN J., KERSTHOLT- BOEGEHOLD S. J., VAN DE VEN T. &amp; BUSSCHERS F. 2019. - An updated and revised stratigraphic framework for the Miocene and earliest Pliocene strata of the Roer Valley Graben and adjacent blocks. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 98: e 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / njg. 2019.10" type="journal article" year="2019">
Munsterman 
<emphasis box="[953,1000,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="937">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" startId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" targetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[132,1455,1004,1066]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">
FIG. 4. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[211,419,1004,1021]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[211,419,1004,1021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[423,539,1004,1021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[969,982,1004,1021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">A</emphasis>
, posterior view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1118,1131,1004,1021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">B</emphasis>
, posterodorsal view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1309,1323,1004,1021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">C</emphasis>
, dorsal view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1436,1450,1004,1021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">D</emphasis>
, anterior view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[247,259,1027,1044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">E</emphasis>
, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed); 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[685,696,1027,1044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">F</emphasis>
, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268572/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" startId="7.[132,143,1440,1457]" targetBox="[141,1443,1164,1398]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[132,1457,1440,1502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">
FIG. 5. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[211,419,1440,1457]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[211,419,1440,1457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[423,538,1440,1457]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; MAB 010293, holotype. The neurocranium of 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[920,1022,1440,1457]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="n. gen.">
<emphasis box="[920,1022,1440,1457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Persufflatius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1027,1085,1440,1457]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
compared to the outline drawings of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Pelocetus</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bisconti, Damarco, Mao, Pavia &amp; Carnevale" authorityYear="2020" box="[168,266,1463,1480]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[168,266,1463,1480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Atlanticetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[276,399,1463,1480]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[276,399,1463,1480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilleri &amp; Siber" authorityYear="1989" box="[409,520,1463,1480]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Piscobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[409,520,1463,1480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Piscobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a typical 
<taxonomicName box="[604,717,1463,1480]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cetotheriidae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[762,987,1463,1480]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutorostrata">
<emphasis box="[762,987,1463,1480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Balaenoptera acutorostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a typical derived 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[1138,1278,1463,1480]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Balaenopteridae</taxonomicName>
). Notice the rounded, bulbous, ‘inflated’ shape of the postglenoid process, the exoccipital, the anterior squamosal and the supraoccipital (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1099,1161,1485,1502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">arrows</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="939" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="7.[130,775,1555,2028]" box="[132,646,1555,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">
PALYNOFACIES AND AGE- ASSESSMENT (
<figureCitation box="[540,609,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,750,767]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,216,707]" captionTargetId="graphics-529@5.[136,1427,263,708]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Dinoflagellate cyst zonation cf. Munsterman et al. 2019. Abbreviations: Ma, million years ago; Tor, Tortonian; Aan, Achomosphaera andalousiensis; Cpa, Cannospaeropsis passio; Ede, Erymnodinium delectabile; Ltr, Labyrinthodinium truncatum; Pgo, Palaeocystodinum golzowensis; Spl, Systematophora placacantha; Sso, Sumatradinium soucouyantiae. Red lines indicate the limits of the dinozone Southern North Sea DN9, the dinozone the specimen is dated from." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268562/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">FIGS 2</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[623,637,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1309,1326]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,191,1275]" captionTargetId="graphics-423@6.[138,1450,215,1268]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Distribution chart of palynomorphs in the sandy sample, the newly defined specimen (MAB 010293) was dated from. The sample, consisting of fine glauconitic sand, was intercalated between the periotic and the squamosal of the holotype. Abbreviations: SP, sporomorphs;MP, miscellaneous palynomorphs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7271119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7271119/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[130,775,1555,2028]" lastBlockId="7.[810,1458,1554,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">
The assemblage is dominated by continental influence (63% of the total sum palynomorphs, i.e., spores, pollen and dinoflagellate cysts). The non-bisaccate pollen group is in minority (23% of the total sum sporomorphs). Most of the sporomorphs are bisaccate pollen (77% of the total sum sporomorphs). Bisaccate pollen are formed by conifers, gymnosperms (Gymnospermae). Bisaccate pollen have a higher aerial and aquatic buoyancy than other sporomorphs, indicating a relatively distal position from the coast. The relatively distal facies is confirmed by the concentration and composition of marine dinoflagellate cysts. The most common genus, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="G.A.Mantell" authorityYear="1850" box="[473,587,1905,1931]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gonyaulacaceae" genus="Spiniferites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gonyaulacales" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[473,587,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Spiniferites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(42% of the total dinocyst sum), has a preferential orientation for open marine conditions. 
<taxonomicName box="[259,530,1969,1995]" class="Dinophyceae" genus="Barssidinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="graminosum">
<emphasis box="[259,530,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Barssidinium graminosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the contrary, is also well-represented (20% of the total sum dinoflagellate cysts). This taxon has a temperate to tropical distribution in neritic (and especially, inner neritic) waters. Heterotrophic genera like 
<emphasis box="[856,1153,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J.K.Lentin, R.A.Fensome &amp; G.L.Williams" authorityYear="1994" box="[856,995,1618,1644]" class="Dinophyceae" genus="Barssidinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="genus">Barssidinium</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="P.N.Benedek" authorityYear="1972" box="[1003,1153,1618,1644]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Congruentidiaceae" genus="Selenopemphix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="genus">Selenopemphix</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="P.C.Reid" authorityYear="1977" box="[1201,1388,1618,1644]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Trinovantedinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1201,1388,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Trinovantedinium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(25% of the total dinocyst sum) refer to nutrient-rich water. As a whole, the marine dinocyst assemblage is relatively variegated, indicating nutrient-rich neritic conditions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[810,1458,1554,2028]" lastBlockId="8.[130,776,1108,1390]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="939" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">
An age-diagnostic taxon is 
<emphasis box="[1137,1458,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">
<taxonomicName box="[1137,1453,1746,1772]" class="Dinophyceae" genus="Labyrinthodinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gonyaulacales" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="truncatum">Labyrinthodinium truncatum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This taxon has a last occurrence datum (
<collectionCode box="[1265,1327,1778,1804]" country="Poland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4h7a-hcvx" name="Lódz University" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" type="Herbarium">LOD</collectionCode>
) in the late Miocene, late Tortonian, Zone 
<collectionCode box="[1163,1241,1810,1836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">SNSM</collectionCode>
14 (
<bibRefCitation author="MUNSTERMAN D. K. &amp; BRINKHUIS H." pageId="7" pageNumber="938" pagination="267 - 285" refId="ref26229" refString="MUNSTERMAN D. K. &amp; BRINKHUIS H. 2004. - A southern North Sea Miocene dinoflagellate cyst zonation. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 83 (4): 267 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016774600020369" type="journal article" year="2004">Munsterman &amp; Brinkhuis, 2004</bibRefCitation>
). This event is also used to define the DN9 Zone by 
<bibRefCitation author="DE VERTEUIL L. &amp; NORRIS G." box="[903,1199,1873,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref23959" refString="DE VERTEUIL L. &amp; NORRIS G. 1996. - Miocene dinoflagellate stratigraphy and systematics of Maryland and Virginia. Micropaleontology 42 (Suppl.): 1 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485926" type="journal article" year="1996">de Verteuil &amp; Norris (1996)</bibRefCitation>
(originally described for the East Coast of the 
<collectingCountry box="[1030,1081,1905,1931]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">USA</collectingCountry>
and generally adopted in 
<collectingCountry box="[1348,1442,1905,1931]" name="Belgium" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Belgium</collectingCountry>
), in 
<collectingCountry box="[838,939,1937,1963]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Germany</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="KOTHE A." box="[975,1122,1937,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" pagination="189 - 220" refId="ref25069" refString="KOTHE A. 2012. - A revised Cenozoic dinoflagellate cyst and calcareous nanoplankton zonation for the German sector of the southeastern North Sea Basin. Newsletters on Stratigraphy 45: 189 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0078 - 0421 / 2012 / 0021" type="journal article" year="2012">Köthe (2012)</bibRefCitation>
and for the 
<taxonomicName authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gonyaulacaceae" genus="Hystrichosphaeropsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gonyaulacales" pageId="7" pageNumber="938" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura</emphasis>
Zone
</taxonomicName>
on- and offshore 
<collectingCountry box="[1116,1215,1969,1995]" name="Denmark" pageId="7" pageNumber="938">Denmark</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="DYBKJAER K. &amp; PIASECKI S." pageId="7" pageNumber="938" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref24385" refString="DYBKJAER K. &amp; PIASECKI S. 2010. - Neogene dinocyst zonation for the eastern North Sea Basin, Denmark. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 161: 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2010.02.005" type="journal article" year="2010">Dybkjaer &amp; Piasecki (2010)</bibRefCitation>
. Marker taxa indicating possible older zones, like e.g. the dinocysts 
<taxonomicName box="[232,507,1108,1134]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gonyaulacaceae" genus="Systematophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gonyaulacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="placacantha">
<emphasis box="[232,507,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Systematophora placacantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode box="[516,575,1108,1134]" country="Poland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4h7a-hcvx" name="Lódz University" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" type="Herbarium">LOD</collectionCode>
in Zone 
<collectionCode box="[665,742,1108,1134]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">SNSM</collectionCode>
13) and 
<emphasis box="[180,485,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Palaeocystodinum golzowensis</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[501,561,1140,1166]" country="Poland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4h7a-hcvx" name="Lódz University" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" type="Herbarium">LOD</collectionCode>
in Zone 
<collectionCode box="[664,742,1140,1166]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">SNSM</collectionCode>
12) are absent. The presence of 
<taxonomicName box="[418,719,1172,1198]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Gonyaulacaceae" genus="Operculodinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gonyaulacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="janduchenei">
<emphasis box="[418,719,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Operculodinium janduchenei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a maximum age range (
<collectionCode box="[401,464,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">FOD</collectionCode>
) in the Tortonian confirms the dating. Also present in the microflora is 
<taxonomicName class="Dinophyceae" family="Gonyaulacaceae" genus="Achomosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gonyaulacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="andalousiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Achomosphaera andalousiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, having a slightly older FOD. In conclusion the age assessment of the present assemblage is early late Miocene, late Tortonian 
<collectionCode box="[290,367,1331,1357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">SNSM</collectionCode>
14 Zone, 
<emphasis box="[473,490,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">c.</emphasis>
8.1-7.5 Ma (
<bibRefCitation author="MUNSTERMAN D. K. &amp; TEN VEEN J. H. &amp; MENKOVIC A. &amp; DECKERS J. &amp; WITMANS N. &amp; VERHAEGEN J. &amp; BOEGEHOLD S. J. &amp; VAN DE VEN T. &amp; BUSSCHERS F." pageId="8" pageNumber="939" pagination="8" refId="ref26324" refString="MUNSTERMAN D. K., TEN VEEN J. H., MENKOVIC A., DECKERS J., WITMANS N., VERHAEGEN J., KERSTHOLT- BOEGEHOLD S. J., VAN DE VEN T. &amp; BUSSCHERS F. 2019. - An updated and revised stratigraphic framework for the Miocene and earliest Pliocene strata of the Roer Valley Graben and adjacent blocks. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 98: e 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / njg. 2019.10" type="journal article" year="2019">
Munsterman 
<emphasis box="[132,184,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation box="[271,335,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,750,767]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,216,707]" captionTargetId="graphics-529@5.[136,1427,263,708]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Dinoflagellate cyst zonation cf. Munsterman et al. 2019. Abbreviations: Ma, million years ago; Tor, Tortonian; Aan, Achomosphaera andalousiensis; Cpa, Cannospaeropsis passio; Ede, Erymnodinium delectabile; Ltr, Labyrinthodinium truncatum; Pgo, Palaeocystodinum golzowensis; Spl, Systematophora placacantha; Sso, Sumatradinium soucouyantiae. Red lines indicate the limits of the dinozone Southern North Sea DN9, the dinozone the specimen is dated from." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268562/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Figs 2</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[349,363,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1309,1326]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,191,1275]" captionTargetId="graphics-423@6.[138,1450,215,1268]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Distribution chart of palynomorphs in the sandy sample, the newly defined specimen (MAB 010293) was dated from. The sample, consisting of fine glauconitic sand, was intercalated between the periotic and the squamosal of the holotype. Abbreviations: SP, sporomorphs;MP, miscellaneous palynomorphs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7271119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7271119/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" startId="8.[132,143,1014,1031]" targetBox="[227,1361,215,972]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph blockId="8.[132,1457,1014,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">
FIG. 6. — Dr René H. B. Fraaije, ferociously attacked by one of his dinosaurs at the entrance of the ‘Oertijdmuseum’ at Boxtel, the Netherlands. Anterior view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,143,1037,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">u</emphasis>
, up; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[186,196,1037,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">ll</emphasis>
, left lateral. Scale bar: 15 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="942" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="8.[130,777,1428,2028]" box="[132,251,1428,1454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">DIAGNOSIS</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[130,777,1428,2028]" box="[132,317,1459,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">
<emphasis box="[132,317,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Absolute diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[130,777,1428,2028]" lastBlockId="8.[811,1457,1108,1358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">
Small-sized non-balaenid balaenomorph mysticete, differing from all other basal non-balaenid Balaenomorpha (BnBB) in having i) a notably inflated squamosal, in particular the posteriorly oriented postglenoid process, which is also large compared to the size of the neurocranium; ii) a rounded bulbous exoccipital that is confluent with the posterior portion of the zygomatic process of the squamosal (
<bibRefCitation author="DUBOYS DE LAVIGERIE G. &amp; BOSSELAERS M. &amp; GOOLAERTS S. &amp; PARK T. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; MARX F. G." pageId="8" pageNumber="939" refId="ref24328" refString="DUBOYS DE LAVIGERIE G., BOSSELAERS M., GOOLAERTS S., PARK T., LAMBERT O. &amp; MARX F. G. 2020. - New Pliocene right whale from Belgium informs balaenid phylogeny and function. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2020.1746422" type="book" year="2020">Duboys de Lavigerie 2020</bibRefCitation>
: ch. 74), resulting in an anteroposteriorly long squamosalexoccipital complex; iii) a bell-shaped supraoccipital without an external occipital crest (Bisconti, chs 140, 141, 142; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 112), that anteriorly overhangs the temporal fossa; and iv) a very wide, rounded posterior temporal crest (anterior width 
<emphasis box="[312,320,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">c</emphasis>
. 
<quantity box="[336,412,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
). The periotic is 
<emphasis box="[604,695,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Pelocetus</emphasis>
-like in general aspect, in having v) a small pars cochlearis, that is not cranially elongated, in having vi) an overall inflated aspect, vii) having a strong and wide, dorsally protruding tuberosity, continuously running over the whole length of the dorsal surface of the pars petrosa and the anterior process. But contrary to the latter, it has (amongst others), viii) the rodlike compound posterior process widely exposed laterally (L: 
<quantity box="[811,891,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
) and ix) the cochlear aqueduct, the dorsal vestibular area and the endocranial opening of the facial canal aligned. The estimated bizygomatic width, including the anterior zygomatic process of the squamosal (missing in the 
<typeStatus box="[1354,1450,1299,1325]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">holotype</typeStatus>
) is about 
<quantity box="[903,996,1331,1358]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" unit="mm" value="720.0">720 mm</quantity>
(
<tableCitation box="[1014,1094,1331,1357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[133,178,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype. Measurements (in mm) of the cranium, the periotic and the bulla tympani. Abbreviations: e, estimate; ee, rough estimate; m, measurement; H, height; W, width; (List after Marx 2017; adapted)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" tableUuid="E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[813,1118,1395,1422]" box="[813,1118,1395,1422]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">
<heading box="[813,1118,1395,1422]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[813,1118,1395,1422]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">
Differential diagnosis (
<figureCitation box="[1048,1109,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1310,1327]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,215,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-335@9.[132,1455,211,1281]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype and some closely related species. Line drawings in dorsal view, on the same scale. a, anterior; rl, right lateral. A, Isanacetus laticephalus MFM 28501, holotype; B, ‘Balaenoptera’ ryani CASG 1733, MFM 28501; C, Pelocetus calvertensis USNM 11976, holotype; D, Atlanticetus patulus USNM 23690, holotype; E, Morenocetus parvus MPL 5-11, holotype; F, Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype (original: right, purple-grey side; mirrored: left, green side); G, Tiucetus rosae MNHN.F.PPI261, holotype; H, ‘Diorocetus’ chichibuensis SMNH- VeF-68, holotype; I, ‘Diorocetus’ shobarensis HMN-F00005, holotype; J, Uranocetus gramensis MSM p 813, holotype; K, Parietobalaena palmeri USNM 10668, holotype; L, USNM 16119, referred specimen; M, Diorocetus hiatus USNM 16783, holotype. Scale bar 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268580/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[810,1457,1427,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[813,1058,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[813,1058,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1060,1193,1428,1454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is closely related to 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Pelocetus calvertensis</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Steeman" authorityYear="2009" box="[966,1177,1460,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gramensis">
<emphasis box="[966,1177,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Uranocetus gramensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[1225,1455,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmeri">
<emphasis box="[1225,1455,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Parietobalaena palmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a rod-like posterior process of the petrotympanic. It differs from eomysticetids, balaenids, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kellogg" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1247,1449,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[1247,1449,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1968" box="[813,990,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiatus">
<emphasis box="[813,990,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Diorocetus hiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the cetotheriids 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goldin &amp; Startsev" authorityYear="2014" box="[1217,1456,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Brandtocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongulek">
<emphasis box="[1217,1456,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Brandtocetus chongulek</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gol’din &amp; Startsev, 2014, 
<taxonomicName authority="Brandt, 1843" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1843" box="[1093,1451,1586,1613]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Cetotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rathkii">
<emphasis box="[1093,1298,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Cetotherium rathkii</emphasis>
Brandt, 1843
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[813,1000,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Heterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis box="[813,1000,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Heterocetus affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Pilleri &amp; Siber, 1989" authorityName="Pilleri &amp; Siber" authorityYear="1989" box="[1059,1425,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Piscobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1059,1190,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Piscobalaena</emphasis>
Pilleri &amp; Siber, 
<quantity box="[1369,1455,1618,1644]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05206" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" unit="in" value="1989.0">1989 in</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
having a squamosal cleft (Bisconti: ch. 114; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 107), and from all known mysticetes except 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in this cleft being ‘smiley’-shaped (semi-circular, dorsally concave). It further differs from eomysticetids in having a more anteriorly projected supraoccipital and parietal; from balaenids in having a concave anterior supraoccipital dorsally (Bisconti: ch. 135; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 113), a small but prominent attachment surface (‘paired tubercles’) for the neck muscles on the anterior supraoccipital (Bisconti: ch. 85; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 109), a posterodorsally inclined superior part of the posterior wall of the squamosal fossa, and a wide temporal fossa (Bisconti: ch. 110); from ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[1316,1449,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="939" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1316,1449,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="939">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268580" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268580/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" startId="9.[132,143,1310,1327]" targetBox="[144,1444,215,1270]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[132,1457,1310,1441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">
FIG. 7. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[214,423,1310,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[214,423,1310,1327]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[428,548,1310,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; MAB 010293, holotype and some closely related species. Line drawings in dorsal view, on the same scale. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,143,1333,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">a</emphasis>
, anterior; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[228,240,1333,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">rl</emphasis>
, right lateral. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[354,367,1333,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">A</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="MFM" authorityName="MFM" box="[378,619,1333,1350]" class="Mammalia" family="Aglaocetidae" genus="Isanacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticephalus">
<emphasis box="[378,571,1333,1350]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Isanacetus laticephalus</emphasis>
MFM
</taxonomicName>
28501, holotype; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[770,783,1333,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">B</emphasis>
, ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[799,909,1333,1350]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[799,909,1333,1350]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ 
<emphasis box="[920,959,1333,1350]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">ryani</emphasis>
CASG 1733, MFM 28501; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1185,1199,1333,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">C</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1209,1394,1333,1350]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Pelocetus calvertensis</emphasis>
USNM 11976, holotype; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[278,292,1356,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">D</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[302,527,1356,1373]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[302,467,1356,1373]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
USNM
</taxonomicName>
23690, holotype; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[678,690,1356,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">E</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="MPL" authorityName="MPL" box="[701,916,1356,1373]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenidae" genus="Morenocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis box="[701,871,1356,1373]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Morenocetus parvus</emphasis>
MPL
</taxonomicName>
5-11, holotype; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1053,1064,1356,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">F</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[1075,1283,1356,1373]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[1075,1283,1356,1373]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1289,1407,1356,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293,holotype (original: right, purple-grey side; mirrored: left, green side); 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[766,780,1378,1395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">G</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="MNHN. F. PPI" box="[790,1025,1378,1395]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tiucetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosae">
<emphasis box="[790,912,1378,1395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Tiucetus rosae</emphasis>
MNHN.F.PPI
</taxonomicName>
261, holotype; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1146,1160,1378,1395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">H</emphasis>
, ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1968" box="[1175,1265,1378,1395]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1175,1265,1378,1395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Diorocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ 
<emphasis box="[1275,1388,1378,1395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">chichibuensis</emphasis>
SMNH- VeF-68, holotype; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[285,291,1401,1418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">I</emphasis>
, ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1968" box="[306,396,1401,1418]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[306,396,1401,1418]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Diorocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ 
<emphasis box="[407,507,1401,1418]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">shobarensis</emphasis>
HMN-F00005, holotype; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[717,727,1401,1418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">J</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="MSM" authorityName="MSM" box="[738,974,1401,1418]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gramensis">
<emphasis box="[738,924,1401,1418]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Uranocetus gramensis</emphasis>
MSM
</taxonomicName>
p 813, holotype; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1119,1132,1401,1418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">K</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[1143,1393,1401,1418]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmeri">
<emphasis box="[1143,1332,1401,1418]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Parietobalaena palmeri</emphasis>
USNM
</taxonomicName>
10668, holotype; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[215,226,1424,1441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">L</emphasis>
, USNM 16119, referred specimen; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[521,538,1424,1441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">M</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[548,753,1424,1441]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiatus">
<emphasis box="[548,693,1424,1441]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Diorocetus hiatus</emphasis>
USNM
</taxonomicName>
16783, holotype. Scale bar 20 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="9.[130,777,1491,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[811,1457,1491,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">
<emphasis box="[132,185,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">ryani</emphasis>
Hanna &amp; McLellan, 
<quantity box="[407,489,1491,1517]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.88696" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" unit="in" value="1924.0">1924 in</quantity>
having a wide semi-circular posterior temporal crest (Bisconti: ch. 107), a posterodorsally inclined superior part of the posterior wall of the squamosal fossa (Bisconti: ch. 113), a parietal that anteriorly overhangs the temporal fossa (Bisconti: ch. 78), and a relatively large periotic having a prominent, deep groove for the tensor tympani muscle (Bisconti: ch. 196; Duboys de Lavigerie, chs 160, 161), the cochlear aqueduct being not confluent with the fenestra cochlearis (Bisconti, chs 215, 216; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 174), and a small, not-inflated pars cochlearis (Bisconti: ch. 213); from balaenopterids and eschrichtiids in having the parietal broadly exposed at the vertex (Bisconti, chs 82, 83) and a 
<emphasis box="[198,287,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Pelocetus</emphasis>
-like periotic with a pars cochlearis that is not cranially elongated (Bisconti: ch. 211; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 144); from 
<taxonomicName box="[304,545,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmeri">
<emphasis box="[304,545,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Parietobalaena palmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[602,697,1937,1964]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laxata">
<emphasis box="[602,617,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[633,697,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">laxata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the large, strongly inflated and ventrally expanded postglenoid process; from 
<taxonomicName box="[281,482,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[281,482,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority=", Pelocetus" authorityName="Pelocetus" box="[496,775,2001,2028]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiatus">
<emphasis box="[496,672,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Diorocetus hiatus</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[685,925,1491,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Pelocetus calvertensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[936,1076,1492,1517]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tiucetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosae">
<emphasis box="[936,1076,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Tiucetus rosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1968" box="[1094,1201,1492,1517]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1094,1201,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Diorocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ 
<emphasis box="[1213,1324,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">shobarensis</emphasis>
, ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1968" box="[1342,1449,1492,1517]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1342,1449,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Diorocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ 
<emphasis box="[813,951,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">chichibuensis</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[967,1206,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Aglaocetidae" genus="Isanacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticephalus">
<emphasis box="[967,1206,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Isanacetus laticephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[1266,1424,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1266,1424,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a bell-shaped supraoccipital (Bisconti, chs 140, 141, 142; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 112), large inflated postglenoid processes and wide rounded exoccipitals, confluent with the squamosal (Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 74); from 
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gramensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Uranocetus gramensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a large inflated postglenoid process, anteroposteriorly much longer squamosals (squamosal + exoccipital length: 
<quantity box="[892,987,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
) and wide rounded exoccipitals; from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kimura &amp; Ozawa" authorityYear="2002" class="Mammalia" family="Aglaocetidae" genus="Isanacetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Isanacetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[888,1040,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[888,1040,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1968" box="[1104,1212,1779,1804]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1104,1212,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Diorocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ 
<emphasis box="[1227,1360,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">chichibuensis</emphasis>
in them having a narrow body of the periotic with no sign of lateral inflation; from 
<taxonomicName box="[973,1148,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiatus">
<emphasis box="[973,1148,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Diorocetus hiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking a ridge posteriorly bordering the facial sulcus on the compound posterior process (Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 185); from all cetotheriids except 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1896" box="[814,1014,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Cephalotropis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nectus">
<emphasis box="[814,1014,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Cephalotropis nectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kimura &amp; Hasegawa" authorityYear="2010" box="[1062,1264,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Joumocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shimizui">
<emphasis box="[1062,1264,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Joumocetus shimizui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having parietals that are well exposed on the skull vertex (Bisconti, chs 82, 83); from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1968" box="[919,1027,2002,2027]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[919,1027,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Diorocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Steeman" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1040,1153,2002,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1040,1153,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Uranocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marx, Lambert &amp; de Muizon" authorityYear="2017" box="[1166,1252,2002,2027]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tiucetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1166,1252,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Tiucetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[1303,1455,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="940" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1303,1455,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="940">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" startId="10.[133,178,219,236]" targetBox="[134,1434,317,1723]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph blockId="10.[132,1455,219,259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
TABLE 1. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[227,435,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[227,435,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[439,556,219,236]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; MAB 010293, holotype. Measurements (in mm) of the cranium, the periotic and the bulla tympani. Abbreviations: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[183,194,242,259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">e</emphasis>
, estimate; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[286,307,242,259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">ee</emphasis>
, rough estimate; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[453,470,242,259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">m</emphasis>
, measurement; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[605,619,242,259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">H</emphasis>
, height; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[691,709,242,259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">W</emphasis>
, width; (List after 
<bibRefCitation author="MARX F. G. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; MUIZON C. DE" box="[857,950,242,259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" pagination="170560" refId="ref25916" refString="MARX F. G., LAMBERT O. &amp; MUIZON C. DE 2017. - A new Miocene baleen whale from Peru deciphers the dawn of cetotheriids. Royal Society Open Science 4: 170560. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 170560" type="journal article" year="2017">Marx 2017</bibRefCitation>
; adapted).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<table box="[134,1434,317,1723]" gridcols="3" gridrows="56" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<tr box="[134,1434,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1434,317,337]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[134,279,317,337]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Neurocranium</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,353,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,353,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
condylobasal length, as preserved (min. 
<emphasis box="[525,542,353,373]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
260 – max. 
<emphasis box="[659,676,353,373]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
350; depending on the inclination)
</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,353,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,353,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1320,353,373]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c</emphasis>
. 330 (ee-m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,377,397]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,377,397]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">bizygomatic width at widest zygomatic process (half as preserved: 330)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,377,397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">(estimated half: 360)</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,377,397]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">720 (e-m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,401,421]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,401,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">bicondylar width (maximum width, rough estimate)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,401,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
(half: 70-93; 
<emphasis box="[1179,1197,401,421]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
2 × 85)
</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,401,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1320,401,421]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c</emphasis>
. 170 (ee-m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,425,445]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,425,445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
maximum width across exoccipitals (half: 
<emphasis box="[532,550,425,445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
285; approximate as it merged almost completely)
</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,425,445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,425,445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">570 (e-m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,450,470]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,450,470]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum bilateral width across lateral surfaces of the periotic’s posterior process (half: 305)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,450,470]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,450,470]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">610 (e-m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,474,494]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,474,494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum bilateral width across the lateral paroccipital process</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,474,494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
(half: 
<emphasis box="[1112,1129,474,494]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
145)
</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,474,494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">290 (e-m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,498,518]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,498,518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum anteroposterior length (thickness) of the exoccipital</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,498,518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,498,518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1327,498,518]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
73 (m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,522,542]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,522,542]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum length of the supraoccipital (posteroventral exoccipital to anterior vertex)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,522,542]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,522,542]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">360 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,546,566]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,546,566]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum anteroposterior length of the squamosal + the exoccipital</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,546,566]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,546,566]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">170 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,570,590]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,570,590]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">estimated height of neurocranium (vertex-ventral postglenoid)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,570,590]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">266-360</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,570,590]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1327,570,590]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
340 (m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,594,615]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,594,615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum height medially at anterior pseudoval foramen</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,594,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,594,615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1327,595,615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
250 (m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,619,639]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,619,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">width of supraoccipital at posterior parietal</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,619,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
(
<emphasis box="[1065,1083,619,639]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
125)
</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,619,639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1327,619,639]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
250 (m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,643,663]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,643,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">anteroposterior length of external acoustic meatus at its medial border</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,643,663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,643,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">18.8 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,667,687]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,667,687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum width of the pseudoval foramen anteriorly (right)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,667,687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,667,687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1327,667,687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
30 (m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,691,711]" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,691,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum width of the pseudoval foramen posteriorly (right)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,691,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,691,711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1327,691,711]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
39 (m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,715,735]" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,715,735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">mediolateral width of the paroccipital fossa, as preserved</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,715,735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,715,735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1320,715,735]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c</emphasis>
. 42 (m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,739,759]" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,739,759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">anteroposterior length of the paroccipital fossa</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,739,759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,739,759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">30 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,764,784]" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,764,784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">width of the jugular notch (right)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,764,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">(min. 16, max. 22)</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,764,784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1327,764,784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
19 (m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,788,808]" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,788,808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum height of the postglenoid process (as preserved)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,788,808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,788,808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">97 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,812,832]" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,812,832]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum mediolateral width of the postglenoid process at its base</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,812,832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,812,832]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">188 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,836,856]" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,836,856]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum length of the parietal exposure on the vertex (measured along medial axis)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,836,856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,836,856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">58 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,860,880]" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,860,880]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum width of the parietal on the vertex (at anterior supraoccipital) (half: 35)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,860,880]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,860,880]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1327,860,880]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
70 (m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,884,904]" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,884,904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum width of the parietal on the vertex (at centre of curvature)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,884,904]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
(half: 
<emphasis box="[1112,1129,884,904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
14)
</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,884,904]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1327,884,904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
30 (m)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,908,929]" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,908,929]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">anteroposterior length of squamosal (posterior postglenoid-foramen pseudovale)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,908,929]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,908,929]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1327,909,929]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
230
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,933,953]" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,933,953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Distance from the posteromedial corner of the falciform process of the squamosal to</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,933,953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,933,953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">30.5 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,958,978]" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1434,958,978]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">the innermost portion of the dorsal vestibular area</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,982,1002]" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,982,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">anteroposterior length of the ventral squamosal fossa at the medial EAM</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,982,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,982,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">87.5 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1006,1027]" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1006,1027]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum width of condyles through bimedial-jugular notch</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1006,1027]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1060,1071,1007,1027]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c</emphasis>
. 2 × 83 mm
</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1006,1027]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">166 (ee m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1042,1062]" gridrow="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1434,1042,1062]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[134,213,1042,1062]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Periotic</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1078,1098]" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1078,1098]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">length of the anterior process anterior to the mallear fossa</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1078,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">(42.3 mm as preserved)</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1078,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis box="[1309,1320,1078,1098]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c</emphasis>
. 59 (ee)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1102,1122]" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1102,1122]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">length of the pars cochlearis anterior to the fenestra cochleae (rotunda) ventrally</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1102,1122]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1102,1122]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">24.6 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1126,1146]" gridrow="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1126,1146]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">width of the pars cochlearis medial to the fenestra vestibuli (ovalis)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1126,1146]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1126,1146]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">18.6 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1150,1170]" gridrow="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1150,1170]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">length of the fenestra cochleae (rotunda)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1150,1170]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">(H: 2.86)</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1150,1170]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">7.0 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1174,1194]" gridrow="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1174,1194]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">length of the fenestra vestibuli (ovalis)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1174,1194]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">(H: 2.60)</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1174,1194]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">5.20 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1198,1218]" gridrow="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1198,1218]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum anteroposterior length of pars cochlearis, up to medial border of fenestra rotunda</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1198,1218]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1198,1218]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">27.3 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1222,1242]" gridrow="36" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1222,1242]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum diameter of the lateral (distal) opening of the facial canal</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1222,1242]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">(H: 2.5)</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1222,1242]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">3.6 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1247,1267]" gridrow="37" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1247,1267]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum diameter of the aperture for the cochlear aqueduct</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1247,1267]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">(W: 1.6)</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1247,1267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">9.4 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1271,1291]" gridrow="38" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1271,1291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum diameter of the aperture for the vestibular aqueduct</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1271,1291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1271,1291]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">7.1 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1295,1315]" gridrow="39" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1295,1315]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum anteroposterior length of the endocranial opening of the facial canal (proximally)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1295,1315]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1295,1315]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">9.3 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1319,1339]" gridrow="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1319,1339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum dorsoventral height of facial sulcus (cranially)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1319,1339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1319,1339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">4.3 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1343,1363]" gridrow="41" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1343,1363]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">mediolateral width (long axis) of the posterior process</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1343,1363]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
(H: 
<emphasis box="[1093,1110,1343,1363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">c.</emphasis>
39)
</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1343,1363]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">122.5 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1367,1387]" gridrow="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1367,1387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum anteroposterior length of the external surface of the posterior process</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1367,1387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1367,1387]" gridcol="2" gridrow="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">35.0 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1391,1411]" gridrow="43" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1391,1411]" gridcol="0" gridrow="43" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum anteroposterior length of the lateral end of the facial canal at lateral exoccipital</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1391,1411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1391,1411]" gridcol="2" gridrow="43" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">40-45 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1415,1435]" gridrow="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1415,1435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum length of periotic (posterior cochlear crest-anterolateral AP as preserved)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1415,1435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1415,1435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">71.5 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1439,1459]" gridrow="45" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1439,1459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="45" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum length of periotic (posterior cochlear crest-anterior tip AP, estimated)</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1439,1459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="45" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1439,1459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="45" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">83-87 (ee)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1463,1483]" gridrow="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1463,1483]" gridcol="0" gridrow="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum width of periotic</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1463,1483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1463,1483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="46" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">62.0 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1488,1508]" gridrow="47" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1488,1508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="47" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum height of periotic</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1488,1508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="47" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1488,1508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="47" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">48.8 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1512,1532]" gridrow="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1512,1532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum length of pars cochlearis including posterior cochlear crest</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1512,1532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1512,1532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">32.7 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1536,1556]" gridrow="49" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1536,1556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="49" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum width of the hypertrophied medial process dorsally, dorsal to the vestibular area</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1536,1556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="49" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1536,1556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="49" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">26.4 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1560,1580]" gridrow="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1560,1580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum anteroposterior length of ventral surface of compound posterior process medially</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1560,1580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1560,1580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">22.9 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1584,1604]" gridrow="51" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1584,1604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="51" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">maximum mediolateral diameter of the posterior pedicle of periotic</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1584,1604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="51" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1584,1604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="51" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">19.1 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1620,1640]" gridrow="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1434,1620,1640]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[134,272,1620,1640]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Bulla tympani</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1655,1675]" gridrow="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1655,1675]" gridcol="0" gridrow="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Distance between the anterior and the posterior pedicle</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1655,1675]" gridcol="1" gridrow="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">(max. 32.4; min. 18.9)</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1655,1675]" gridcol="2" gridrow="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">25.5 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1679,1699]" gridrow="54" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1679,1699]" gridcol="0" gridrow="54" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">anteroposterior length of the anterior pedicle</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1679,1699]" gridcol="1" gridrow="54" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1679,1699]" gridcol="2" gridrow="54" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">6.7 (m)</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1434,1703,1723]" gridrow="55" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
<th box="[134,1033,1703,1723]" gridcol="0" gridrow="55" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">anteroposterior length of the posterior pedicle</th>
<td box="[1060,1284,1703,1723]" gridcol="1" gridrow="55" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">–</td>
<td box="[1309,1434,1703,1723]" gridcol="2" gridrow="55" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">7.2 (m)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[130,777,1778,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
in lacking an external occipital crest on the anterior supraoccipital (Bisconti: ch. 81; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 114); from all BnBB in having a bell-shaped supraoccipital (except maybe for 
<taxonomicName authority="(Steeman 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Steeman" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[167,448,1874,1900]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[167,277,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Uranocetus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="STEEMAN M." box="[290,438,1874,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" pagination="1169 - 1190" refId="ref27120" refString="STEEMAN M. 2009. - A new baleen whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark and early mysticete hearing. Palaeontology 52 (5): 1169 - 1190. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2009.00893. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Steeman 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; due to breakage the exact shape of the latter’s supraoccipital is not very clear) (Bisconti, chs 140, 141, 142; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 112); differs from 
<taxonomicName box="[134,337,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[134,337,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the deeply excavated tensor tympani fossa (Bisconti: ch. 196; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 160), the
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[811,1457,1778,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[130,776,853,1198]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="942" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">
different rod-like posterior process (Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 188), slit-like aqueducts (Bisconti: ch. 217; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 172) and the strongly inflated postglenoid process of the squamosal and from ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1859" box="[1128,1236,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Plesiocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1128,1236,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Plesiocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ 
<emphasis box="[1251,1321,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">dubius</emphasis>
(IRSNB M 652), ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1859" box="[881,986,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Plesiocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[881,986,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Plesiocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[997,1078,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burtinii">
<emphasis box="[997,1078,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">burtinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB M 676), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1880" box="[1266,1453,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Tranatocetidae" genus="Mesocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis box="[1266,1453,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Mesocetus latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB M 567) and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1880" box="[1046,1241,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Idiocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="941" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longifrons">
<emphasis box="[1046,1241,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">Idiocetus longifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB M 719) in having a small cochlea, a slit-like cochlear aqueduct foramen (except ‘ 
<emphasis box="[902,917,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">P</emphasis>
’. 
<emphasis box="[938,1007,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="941">dubius</emphasis>
) (Bisconti: ch. 217; Duboys de Lavigerie: ch. 172), a very different rod-like compound posterior process (Duboys de Lavigerie:ch. 188) and a strongly inflated postglenoid process of the squamosal. Differs from 
<taxonomicName box="[573,766,917,943]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[573,766,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[132,314,949,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Heterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis box="[132,314,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Heterocetus affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1896" box="[363,566,949,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Cephalotropis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nectus">
<emphasis box="[363,566,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Cephalotropis nectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that all three taxa have a (sub-)diamond-shaped compound posterior process of the petrotympanic in ventral view; in addition, the shape of the anterior process of the periotic and the cranial openings of the promontorium also differ (Duboys de Lavigerie, chs 168, 169). The species is smaller than 
<emphasis box="[557,768,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Pelocetus calvertensis</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[132,349,1141,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gramensis">
<emphasis box="[132,349,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Uranocetus gramensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[401,601,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[401,601,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and larger than 
<taxonomicName box="[131,274,1173,1198]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tiucetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosae">
<emphasis box="[131,274,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Tiucetus rosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[290,351,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1310,1327]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,215,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-335@9.[132,1455,211,1281]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype and some closely related species. Line drawings in dorsal view, on the same scale. a, anterior; rl, right lateral. A, Isanacetus laticephalus MFM 28501, holotype; B, ‘Balaenoptera’ ryani CASG 1733, MFM 28501; C, Pelocetus calvertensis USNM 11976, holotype; D, Atlanticetus patulus USNM 23690, holotype; E, Morenocetus parvus MPL 5-11, holotype; F, Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype (original: right, purple-grey side; mirrored: left, green side); G, Tiucetus rosae MNHN.F.PPI261, holotype; H, ‘Diorocetus’ chichibuensis SMNH- VeF-68, holotype; I, ‘Diorocetus’ shobarensis HMN-F00005, holotype; J, Uranocetus gramensis MSM p 813, holotype; K, Parietobalaena palmeri USNM 10668, holotype; L, USNM 16119, referred specimen; M, Diorocetus hiatus USNM 16783, holotype. Scale bar 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268580/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268584" box="[241,1348,782,799]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" startId="11.[241,252,782,799]" targetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph blockId="11.[241,1348,782,799]" box="[241,1348,782,799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">
FIG. 8. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[321,529,782,799]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[321,529,782,799]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[534,651,782,799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1029,1040,782,799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">a</emphasis>
, anterior; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1124,1129,782,799]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">l</emphasis>
, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="959" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="11.[130,776,1236,1453]" box="[132,478,1236,1262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">
DESCRIPTION OF THE 
<typeStatus box="[367,478,1241,1260]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[130,776,1236,1453]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">
A (partial) reconstruction of the 
<typeStatus box="[482,576,1267,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">holotype</typeStatus>
MAB 010293 was performed by mirroring the preserved part along the medial axis. Compared to almost all other mysticetes, the postglenoid process, the shape of the exoccipital, the anteromedioventral squamosal and the supraoccipital are more rounded, bulbous and, ‘inflated’ (
<figureCitation box="[295,352,1429,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Figs 4</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[364,377,1429,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1440,1457]" captionTargetBox="[141,1443,1164,1398]" captionTargetId="graphics-374@7.[133,1455,1103,1398]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 5. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype. The neurocranium of Persufflatius n. gen. compared to the outline drawings of Pelocetus, Atlanticetus, Parietobalaena, Piscobalaena (a typical Cetotheriidae) and Balaenoptera acutorostrata (a typical derived Balaenopteridae). Notice the rounded, bulbous, ‘inflated’ shape of the postglenoid process, the exoccipital, the anterior squamosal and the supraoccipital (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268572/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[130,777,1491,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">PRESERVATION, TAPHONOMY, ONTOGENETIC STAGE, BODY SIZE ESTIMATE, FAUNAL ASSEMBLAGE</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[130,777,1491,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">
The specimen shows several recent fractures, most likely the result of dredging. These are: the fractures at the base of the zygomatic process and, anteroventrally, at the squamosal (
<figureCitation box="[141,239,1650,1677]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionStartId-1="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionStartId-2="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox-0="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetBox-2="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId-0="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetId-1="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetId-2="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionText-0="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Figs 8-10</figureCitation>
) and the pterygoid (
<figureCitation box="[451,543,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
), at the posteromedial supraoccipital, and across the cranial cavity, just in front of the squamosal-parietal suture, in the middle of the supraoccipital (
<figureCitation box="[214,276,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). All other damage seems to be due to natural processes. The fossil shows erosion at all edges (all of them being rounded and many of them are polished, exposing deep blue-black apatite). Erosional features are particularly strong at the vertex (
<figureCitation box="[286,350,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
), at the posterodorsolateral side of the squamosal, at the supramastoid crest (lateral temporal crest) on the posterior part of the zygomatic process (
<figureCitation box="[650,766,1937,1964]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionStartId-1="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionStartId-2="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionStartId-3="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionStartId-4="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox-0="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetBox-2="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetBox-3="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetBox-4="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId-0="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetId-2="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetId-3="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetId-4="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionTargetPageId-4="19" captionText-0="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-4="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Figs 10-14</figureCitation>
) and along the ventral and lateral edge of the postglenoid process (
<figureCitation box="[188,265,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Figs 12</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[278,306,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[810,1457,853,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">
The specimen is to be considered a young adult, judging from the state of merging/fusion of the cranial sutures (see below)(
<bibRefCitation author="MARX F. &amp; BOSSELAERS M. &amp; LOUWYE S." pageId="11" pageNumber="942" pagination="1572" refId="ref25821" refString="MARX F., BOSSELAERS M. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2016 a. - A new species of Metopocetus (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Cetotheriidae) from the Late Miocene of the Netherlands. PeerJ 4: e 1572. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 1572" type="journal article" year="2016">
Marx 
<emphasis box="[813,863,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">et al.</emphasis>
2016a: 21
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="WALSH B. M. &amp; BERTA A." box="[991,1209,917,943]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" pagination="391 - 398" refId="ref27357" refString="WALSH B. M. &amp; BERTA A. 2011. - Occipital ossification of balaenopteroid mysticetes. The Anatomical Record 294: 391 - 398. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ar. 21340" type="journal article" year="2011">Walsh &amp; Berta 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="BOUETEL V. &amp; MUIZON C. DE" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" pagination="319 - 395" refId="ref23494" refString="BOUETEL V. &amp; MUIZON C. DE 2006. - The anatomy and relationships of Piscobalaena nana (Cetacea, Mysticeti), a Cetotheriidae s. s. from the early Pliocene of Peru. Geodiversitas 28 (2): 319 - 395." type="journal article" year="2006">Bouetel &amp; de Muizon 2006: 11</bibRefCitation>
; MB pers. obs. of several ontogenetic stages of 
<taxonomicName authority="Lacepede, 1804" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutorostrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Balaenoptera acutorostrata</emphasis>
Lacépède, 1804
</taxonomicName>
).Moreover,the periotic has impressive medial and anteromedial secondary (hypertrophied) bone growth medial to the dorsal vestibular area. The posterior process of the petrotympanic is mediolaterally wide (
<figureCitation box="[1366,1440,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Some sutures on the squamosal surface are not fully merged yet. On the contrary, the “smiley”-shaped squamosal cleft is hard to observe externally, unless viewed in grazing light (
<figureCitation box="[1308,1381,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Figs 10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1392,1419,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">14</figureCitation>
). It is definitely at an advanced stage of merging; in addition this cleft is no longer discernible in internal view.Likewise,the dorsal part of the parietal-squamosal suture and the parietal-supraoccipital suture are in an advanced state of merging, both being almost completely merged(though still discernible as a fine line)(
<figureCitation captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Fig.11A, B, D</figureCitation>
). In turn, the ventral part of the parietal-squamosal suture, which is exposed due to breakage of the ventral part of the parietal, is not in an advanced state of merging yet (
<figureCitation box="[1310,1402,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1413,1440,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">14</figureCitation>
). The parietal-frontal suture shows a fragment of merged frontal of about 26 × 
<quantity box="[927,1004,1491,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
posteroventrally, but the rest of the suture is certainly not merged (
<figureCitation box="[1036,1128,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). As the parietal-frontal suture is filled with sediment, it looks like the frontal detached (i.e. broke off) prior to fossilization (
<figureCitation box="[1076,1169,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). The posteromedial part of the squamosal-pterygoid suture is preserved. This suture is well merged and is locally hard to discern (
<figureCitation box="[1204,1276,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[810,1457,853,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[125,777,853,1357]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="943" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">
The zygomatic width of the specimen, as preserved and thus without the anterior zygomatic process, is about 
<quantity box="[1351,1450,1714,1741]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" unit="mm" value="330.0">330 mm</quantity>
. Based on superpositions of photos of 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[1198,1454,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[1198,1454,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[811,962,1778,1804]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and of three closely related species (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Pelocetus calvertensis</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[938,1155,1810,1835]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gramensis">
<emphasis box="[938,1155,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Uranocetus gramensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1203,1403,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[1203,1403,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), we estimated the full bizygomatic width to be about 
<quantity box="[1359,1453,1842,1868]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" unit="mm" value="720.0">720 mm</quantity>
(
<tableCitation box="[822,904,1873,1900]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[133,178,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype. Measurements (in mm) of the cranium, the periotic and the bulla tympani. Abbreviations: e, estimate; ee, rough estimate; m, measurement; H, height; W, width; (List after Marx 2017; adapted)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" tableUuid="E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Based on this estimated bizygomatic width, the body size has been calculated, using the general mysticete equation of 
<bibRefCitation author="LAMBERT O. &amp; BIANUCCI G. &amp; POST K. &amp; DE MUIZON C. &amp; GISMONDI R. &amp; URBINA M. &amp; REUMER J." box="[952,1175,1937,1963]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" pagination="105 - 108" refId="ref25434" refString="LAMBERT O., BIANUCCI G., POST K., DE MUIZON C., SALAS- GISMONDI R., URBINA M. &amp; REUMER J. 2010. - The giant bite of a new raptorial sperm whale from the Miocene epoch of Peru. Nature 466: 105 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 09067" type="journal article" year="2010">
Lambert 
<emphasis box="[1054,1109,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="942">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
(equation ‘1’), the ‘stem mysticete equation’ (equation ‘2’) and the ‘stem balaenopterid equation’ (equation ‘3’) of 
<bibRefCitation author="PYENSON N. D. &amp; SPONBERG S. N." box="[1146,1455,2001,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="942" pagination="269 - 288" refId="ref26750" refString="PYENSON N. D. &amp; SPONBERG S. N. 2011. - Reconstructing body size in extinct crown cetacea (Neoceti) using allometry, phylogenetic methods and tests from the fossil record. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 18 (4): 269 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10914 - 011 - 9170 - 1" type="journal article" year="2011">Pyenson &amp; Sponberg (2011)</bibRefCitation>
(
<tableCitation box="[142,221,853,879]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[813,858,859,876]" captionTargetBox="[814,1336,1002,1106]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 2. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype. Body size estimates (in cm), based on the general mysticete equation of Lambert et al. 2010 (equation ‘1’), the ‘stem mysticete equation’ (equation ‘2’) and the ‘stem balaenopterid equation’ (equation ‘3’) of Pyenson &amp; Sponberg 2011." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F16CFFA18E18FC9CF3B6FC07" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" tableUuid="E3976655F16CFFA18E18FC9CF3B6FC07">Table 2</tableCitation>
). This resulted in an estimated body size of roughly 
<quantity box="[132,217,885,912]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" unit="cm" value="650.0">650 cm</quantity>
, somewhat larger than in adults of the pygmy right whale 
<taxonomicName authority="(Gray, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[204,559,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Neobalaenidae" genus="Caperea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis box="[204,405,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Caperea marginata</emphasis>
(Gray, 1846)
</taxonomicName>
, the smallest extant mysticete (
<bibRefCitation author="BAKER A. E." box="[245,365,948,975]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" pagination="345 - 354" refId="ref22951" refString="BAKER A. E. 1985. - Pygmy right whale, in Ridgway S. H. &amp; Harrison R. J. (eds), Handbook of Marine Mammals. Vol. 3. Academic Press, London: 345 - 354." type="book chapter" year="1985">Baker 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="KEMPER C." box="[377,521,949,975]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" pagination="939 - 941" refId="ref24919" refString="KEMPER C. 2008. - Pygmy Right Whale, in PERRIN W., WURSIG B. &amp; THEWISSEN J. G. M. (eds), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. 2 nd Edition. Academic Press, San Diego: 939 - 941." type="book chapter" year="2008">Kemper 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="REIDENBERG J. S. &amp; LAITMAN J. T." pageId="12" pageNumber="943" pagination="220 - 230" refId="ref26982" refString="REIDENBERG J. S. &amp; LAITMAN J. T. 2008. - Cetacean prenatal development, in PERRIN W. F., WURSIG B. &amp; THEWISSEN J. G. M. (eds), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. 2 nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego: 220 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 373553 - 9.00056 - 0" type="book chapter" year="2008">Reidenberg &amp; Laitman 2008</bibRefCitation>
; MB pers. obs. 2008; Appendix 4).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268644" box="[235,1354,778,795]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" startId="12.[235,246,778,795]" targetBox="[154,1451,213,741]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph blockId="12.[235,1354,778,795]" box="[235,1354,778,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
FIG. 9. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[315,523,778,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[315,523,778,795]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[528,645,778,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1018,1029,778,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">a</emphasis>
, anterior; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1113,1130,778,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">m</emphasis>
, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="E3976655F16CFFA18E18FC9CF3B6FC07" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F16CFFA18E18FC9CF3B6FC07" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" startId="12.[813,858,859,876]" targetBox="[814,1336,1002,1106]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph blockId="12.[813,1457,859,944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
TABLE 2. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[910,1120,859,876]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[910,1120,859,876]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1126,1247,859,876]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; MAB 010293, holotype. Body size estimates (in cm), based on the general mysticete equation of 
<bibRefCitation author="LAMBERT O. &amp; BIANUCCI G. &amp; POST K. &amp; DE MUIZON C. &amp; GISMONDI R. &amp; URBINA M. &amp; REUMER J." pageId="12" pageNumber="943" pagination="105 - 108" refId="ref25434" refString="LAMBERT O., BIANUCCI G., POST K., DE MUIZON C., SALAS- GISMONDI R., URBINA M. &amp; REUMER J. 2010. - The giant bite of a new raptorial sperm whale from the Miocene epoch of Peru. Nature 466: 105 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 09067" type="journal article" year="2010">
Lambert 
<emphasis box="[851,892,904,921]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
(equation ‘1’), the ‘stem mysticete equation’ (equation ‘2’) and the ‘stem balaenopterid equation’ (equation ‘3’) of 
<bibRefCitation author="PYENSON N. D. &amp; SPONBERG S. N." box="[1228,1450,927,944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" pagination="269 - 288" refId="ref26750" refString="PYENSON N. D. &amp; SPONBERG S. N. 2011. - Reconstructing body size in extinct crown cetacea (Neoceti) using allometry, phylogenetic methods and tests from the fossil record. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 18 (4): 269 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10914 - 011 - 9170 - 1" type="journal article" year="2011">Pyenson &amp; Sponberg 2011</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<table box="[814,1336,1002,1106]" gridcols="2" gridrows="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<tr box="[814,1336,1002,1022]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<th box="[814,1336,1002,1022]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[814,1336,1002,1022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
Estimated body length for bizygomatic width 
<quantity box="[1274,1336,1002,1022]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" unit="cm" value="72.0">72 cm</quantity>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1336,1038,1058]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<td box="[814,917,1038,1058]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Equation 1</td>
<td box="[985,1336,1038,1058]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<quantity box="[985,1056,1038,1058]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.58" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" unit="cm" value="658.0">658 cm</quantity>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1336,1062,1082]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<td box="[814,917,1062,1082]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Equation 2</td>
<td box="[985,1336,1062,1082]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<quantity box="[985,1056,1062,1082]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.58" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" unit="cm" value="658.0">658 cm</quantity>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1336,1086,1106]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<td box="[814,917,1086,1106]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Equation 3</td>
<td box="[985,1336,1086,1106]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<quantity box="[985,1056,1086,1106]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.409999999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" unit="cm" value="741.0">741 cm</quantity>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[125,777,853,1357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
The 
<typeStatus box="[200,245,1013,1039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">type</typeStatus>
and only specimen exhibits clear, specific characters, that are quite different from all other BnBB-species. More in particular, the neurocranium exhibits an inflated general aspect. Especially the postglenoid process of the squamosal, the exoccipital and the posterolateral base of the zygomatic process are swollen. Also, the bell-shaped supraoccipital gives the neurocranium a more inflated aspect than all of the other BnBB that have a narrow triangular supraoccipital (
<figureCitation box="[686,743,1237,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Figs 4</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[755,768,1237,1261]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1440,1457]" captionTargetBox="[141,1443,1164,1398]" captionTargetId="graphics-374@7.[133,1455,1103,1398]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 5. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype. The neurocranium of Persufflatius n. gen. compared to the outline drawings of Pelocetus, Atlanticetus, Parietobalaena, Piscobalaena (a typical Cetotheriidae) and Balaenoptera acutorostrata (a typical derived Balaenopteridae). Notice the rounded, bulbous, ‘inflated’ shape of the postglenoid process, the exoccipital, the anterior squamosal and the supraoccipital (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268572/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">5</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[132,146,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">8</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[161,189,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,180,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-25@27.[699,1265,791,1358]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 24. — Series of bone samples of the neurocranium of the holotype (MAB 010293), showing some different bone structures. Left, neurocranium of holotype: A, anterior view; B, posterior to posterodorsal view; C, posterodorsal view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; m, medial; l, lateral. Magenta ovals show positions where the bone samples were taken. Scale bar: 10 cm exept photos of the bone samples (on the right), to the same scale (10 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268622/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">24</figureCitation>
). The anterior third of the supraoccipital is dorsoventrally thick (
<tableCitation box="[260,337,1299,1326]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[133,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Dorsoventral height of the anterior supraoccipital versus the bizygomatic width, in mm, measured centrally (medially) on the anterioposterior axis. The last column gives the relative thickness, indicating the bone is very thick anterocentrally in the Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp. holotype. Persufflatius n. gen. and Metopocetus Cope, 1896 are both late Miocene genera; Caperea Gray, 1864 and Balaenaoptera Lacépède, 1804 are extant genera." pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Table 3</tableCitation>
) and consists of dense bone (compactness about 0.83) (
<tableCitation box="[275,355,1331,1357]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[132,435,1395,1421]" box="[132,435,1395,1421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<heading box="[132,435,1395,1421]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,435,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
Frontal (
<figureCitation box="[223,286,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Figs 4</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[300,314,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">8</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[328,342,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">9</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[356,384,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">11</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[398,426,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">14</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[131,777,1427,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
The frontal is almost completely missing. The parietal-frontal suture preserves a remnant of merged frontal of about 26 × 
<quantity box="[132,215,1491,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
posteroventrally in the top of the curvature. The lower part of the suture is missing in most places, apparently as it was already fused when the frontal broke off (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Fig. 4D, E</figureCitation>
). The parietal-flange that covers the posterodorsal corner of the descending supraorbital process of the frontal has broken off. Most of the parietal-frontal suture is preserved and the missing flange covering the posterodorsal corner of the supraorbital process of the frontal must have been small; judging from the preserved adjacent bone, it is estimated to have been maximum a few centimetres long (
<figureCitation box="[671,737,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Figs 8</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[754,768,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">9</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[132,160,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">11</figureCitation>
A-C; 13; 14).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[132,443,1873,1900]" box="[132,443,1873,1900]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
<heading box="[132,443,1873,1900]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,443,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
Parietal (
<figureCitation box="[229,290,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Figs 4</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[304,355,1874,1900]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStartId-0="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionStartId-1="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionStartId-2="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionStartId-3="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox-0="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetBox-2="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId-0="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetId-1="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetId-2="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetId-3="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionText-0="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">8-11</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[369,434,1874,1900]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionStartId-1="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionStartId-2="20.[132,143,946,963]" captionTargetBox-0="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetBox-2="[150,1449,216,904]" captionTargetId-0="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetId-1="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetId-2="figure-675@20.[780,1424,293,826]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionText-0="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 15. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Medial view without periotic. d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior. Stereo image. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268596" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7268596/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">13-15</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[132,776,1905,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">The right parietal is almost completely preserved. Only the ventral part of the anteroventral flange that was covering the descending supraorbital process of the frontal and its anterodorsal part at the skull vertex are missing. The parietal bulges</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[811,1457,1172,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
slightly into the temporal fossa posterolaterally; anterolaterodorsally it is strongly concave (
<figureCitation box="[1141,1218,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Figs 10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1232,1282,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">11A</figureCitation>
). Anteriorly, the dorsal border of the parietal supports the supraoccipital; it is slightly inflated and projects laterally, forming the ventral component of the temporal crest that overhangs the temporal fossa for about 
<quantity box="[974,1053,1331,1358]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
as preserved, but the size of the overhang is estimated to have been originally maximum 
<quantity box="[1376,1455,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
wide (based on the preserved adjacent bone) (
<figureCitation box="[1303,1380,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Figs 10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1394,1444,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">11A</figureCitation>
). The parietal’s internal structure is exposed on a roughly 40 × 
<quantity box="[812,891,1459,1485]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
(fracture) surface anterodorsomedially (
<figureCitation box="[1323,1420,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
); it consists of spongy bone with large, elongated cavities (mean H: 
<quantity box="[847,962,1522,1549]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.586" pageId="12" pageNumber="943" unit="mm" value="1.586">1.586 mm</quantity>
; mean W: 0.636) (Appendix 2) and a relatively low compactness (about 0.55) (
<tableCitation box="[1153,1233,1554,1581]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[811,1457,1172,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">
At the level of the dorsal part of the squamosal-parietal suture, the temporal crest does no longer overhang the temporal fossa. The dorsal part of the parietal-squamosal suture is dorsoventrally broadly straight and runs vertically. The suture is crenate (wavy and rough). It is in an advanced state of fusion (
<figureCitation box="[981,1108,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1117,1145,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">14</figureCitation>
). The ventral part is missing (due to breakage). It runs inclined in anteroventral direction (at an angle of 135° with respect to the vertical part), contacting the preserved squamosal side of the suture. This lower part of the suture is not fused (
<figureCitation box="[1291,1392,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
). The anterior part of the parietal is anteroventrally inflated and bulges (inverse U-shaped) to accommodate for the missing dorsally convex descending supraorbital process of the frontal (
<figureCitation box="[906,987,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">Figs 10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1002,1051,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">11B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1064,1093,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">13</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1108,1137,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="943">14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="E3976655F16DFFA08DB0FF1CF32BFEAE" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F16DFFA08DB0FF1CF32BFEAE" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" startId="13.[133,178,219,236]" targetBox="[134,1428,340,544]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[132,1457,219,281]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
TABLE 3. — Dorsoventral height of the anterior supraoccipital versus the bizygomatic width, in mm, measured centrally (medially) on the anterioposterior axis. The last column gives the relative thickness, indicating the bone is very thick anterocentrally in the 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[943,1151,242,259]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[943,1151,242,259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1155,1268,242,259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype. 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[1353,1455,242,259]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="n. gen.">
<emphasis box="[1353,1455,242,259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Persufflatius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[132,191,264,281]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Cope, 1896" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1896" box="[231,444,264,281]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Metopocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[231,341,264,281]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Metopocetus</emphasis>
Cope, 1896
</taxonomicName>
are both late Miocene genera; 
<taxonomicName authority="Gray, 1864" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[703,871,264,281]" class="Mammalia" family="Neobalaenidae" genus="Caperea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[703,773,264,281]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Caperea</emphasis>
Gray, 1864
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis box="[912,1032,264,281]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Balaenaoptera</emphasis>
Lacépède, 1804 are extant genera.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<table box="[134,1428,340,544]" gridcols="5" gridrows="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<tr box="[134,1428,340,360]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th box="[854,1087,340,360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Anterior supraoccipital</th>
<th box="[1126,1428,340,360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Relative supraoccipital height</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1428,366,386]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" rowspan-1="1">
<th box="[134,283,366,386]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Collection</th>
<td box="[706,832,366,386]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Bizygomatic</td>
<td box="[854,1087,366,386]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">height, medially</td>
<td box="[1126,1428,366,386]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">(in mm) per 1000 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1428,391,411]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[134,283,391,411]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">number</th>
<td box="[303,677,391,411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Species</td>
<td box="[706,832,391,411]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">width in mm</td>
<td box="[854,1087,391,411]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">at the vertex (in mm)</td>
<td box="[1126,1428,391,411]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">of bizygomatic width</td>
</tr>
</emphasis>
<tr box="[134,1428,427,447]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[134,283,427,447]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">MAB 010293</th>
<td box="[303,677,427,447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[303,540,427,447]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[303,540,427,447]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[546,677,427,447]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</td>
<td box="[706,832,427,447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">760-720</td>
<td box="[854,1087,427,447]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">25</td>
<td box="[1126,1428,427,447]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">33-35</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1428,451,471]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[134,283,451,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">NMR 99917729</th>
<td box="[303,677,451,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marx, Bosselaers &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2016" box="[303,500,451,471]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Metopocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hunteri">
<emphasis box="[303,500,451,471]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Metopocetus hunteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td box="[706,832,451,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">580</td>
<td box="[854,1087,451,471]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<emphasis box="[938,949,451,471]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">c</emphasis>
. 11.6
</td>
<td box="[1126,1428,451,471]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<emphasis box="[1250,1261,451,471]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">c</emphasis>
. 20
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1428,475,495]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[134,283,475,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">NMR 99901449</th>
<td box="[303,677,475,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[303,483,475,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Neobalaenidae" genus="Caperea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis box="[303,483,475,495]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Caperea marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td box="[706,832,475,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">440</td>
<td box="[854,1087,475,495]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">4.7-5.7</td>
<td box="[1126,1428,475,495]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">10.7-13.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1428,499,519]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[134,283,499,519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">NMR 99902727</th>
<td box="[303,677,499,519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1828" box="[303,509,499,519]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis box="[303,509,499,519]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Balaenoptera borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td box="[706,832,499,519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">980</td>
<td box="[854,1087,499,519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<emphasis box="[938,949,499,519]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">c</emphasis>
. 15
</td>
<td box="[1126,1428,499,519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<emphasis box="[1250,1261,499,519]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">c</emphasis>
. 15.3
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1428,523,544]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[134,283,523,544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">NMR 99903024</th>
<td box="[303,677,523,544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[303,561,524,544]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutorostrata">
<emphasis box="[303,561,524,544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Balaenoptera acutorostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(juvenile)
</td>
<td box="[706,832,523,544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">527</td>
<td box="[854,1087,523,544]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">12</td>
<td box="[1126,1428,523,544]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">22.8</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="E3976655F16DFFA08DB1FD9EF6F6FD36" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F16DFFA08DB1FD9EF6F6FD36" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" startId="13.[132,178,601,618]" targetBox="[154,774,699,1018]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[132,775,601,641]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25).</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<table box="[154,774,699,1018]" gridcols="3" gridrows="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<tr box="[154,774,699,719]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[154,774,699,719]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Anatomical position of the sections</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[154,774,725,745]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[187,582,725,745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">illustrated in Figures 24 and 25</td>
<td box="[633,774,725,745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Compactness</td>
</tr>
</emphasis>
<tr box="[154,774,755,775]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[154,166,755,775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">1</th>
<td box="[187,582,755,775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">anterior parietal at vertex</td>
<td box="[633,774,755,775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">0.545</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[154,774,779,799]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[154,166,779,799]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">2</th>
<td box="[187,582,779,799]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">pterygoid-squamosal suture</td>
<td box="[633,774,779,799]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">0.631</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[154,774,803,823]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[154,166,803,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">3</th>
<td box="[187,582,803,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">anteroventral squamosal border</td>
<td box="[633,774,803,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">0.594</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[154,774,827,847]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[154,166,827,847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">4</th>
<td box="[187,582,827,847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">posterior fracture of supraoccipital</td>
<td box="[633,774,827,847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">0.836</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[154,774,851,871]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[154,166,851,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">5</th>
<td box="[187,582,851,871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">posterior postglenoid process</td>
<td box="[633,774,851,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">0.348</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[154,774,875,895]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[154,166,875,895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">6</th>
<td box="[187,582,875,895]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">jugular notch</td>
<td box="[633,774,875,895]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">0.461</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[154,774,899,919]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[154,166,899,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">7</th>
<td box="[187,774,899,919]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">medial side of anterior supraoccipital, Top: 0.808</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[154,774,925,945]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[187,774,925,945]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Middle: 0.509</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[154,774,950,970]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[187,774,950,970]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Bottom: 0.775</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[154,774,974,994]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[154,166,974,994]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">8</th>
<td box="[187,582,974,994]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">posterodorsal base of zygomatic process</td>
<td box="[633,774,974,994]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">0.391</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[154,774,998,1018]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<th box="[154,166,998,1018]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">9</th>
<td box="[187,582,998,1018]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">lateral exoccipital</td>
<td box="[633,774,998,1018]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">0.413</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[132,322,1076,1102]" box="[132,322,1076,1102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<heading box="[132,322,1076,1102]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,322,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Parietal on vertex</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[131,776,1108,1326]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
In dorsal view, the parietal is broadly exposed on the vertex (
<figureCitation box="[142,207,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Figs 8</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[221,302,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">11A, B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[312,341,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">13</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[356,385,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">14</figureCitation>
), but the exact shape and length of the exposure is unknown, as the dorsal-most part of the vertex is missing (due to fracture and/or erosion). The preserved part is posteriorly about 
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wide; in the middle 
<quantity box="[131,214,1268,1294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
and anteriorly about 
<quantity box="[467,550,1267,1294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
wide, as preserved; the maximum length is about 
<quantity box="[476,561,1299,1326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" unit="mm" value="58.0">58 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[132,476,1363,1389]" box="[132,476,1363,1389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<heading box="[132,476,1363,1389]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,476,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Parietal-frontal (coronal) suture</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[132,775,1395,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
The dorsal part of the parietal-frontal suture on the vertex is preserved (
<emphasis box="[278,287,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">c</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[302,315,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">q</emphasis>
. the parietal overlapping the posterodorsal frontal). It is (half) inverse U-shaped in anteroventral view. At the (curved) top 
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it features about nine irregular rough and deep lamellae (
<figureCitation box="[528,632,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Figs 11C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[645,674,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">14</figureCitation>
). As this part of the suture is locally covered by sediment, it looks like the frontal broke off prior to fossilisation. The lowermost (ventrolateral) 
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of the suture are damaged in most places (probably as it was already fused when the frontal broke off). Where it is still preserved, it shows a much finer interdigitation (
<figureCitation box="[442,545,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Figs 11C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[557,586,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">14</figureCitation>
). The suture was generally not fused anterodorsally, but locally remnants of a fused fragment of the frontal are present (over a 26 × 
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surface).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[132,490,1873,1899]" box="[132,490,1873,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<heading box="[132,490,1873,1899]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,490,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Dorsal border/anterior nuchal crest</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[132,777,1905,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">The dorsal parietal border contacting (supporting) the supraoccipital is bell-shaped in dorsoposterior view. Anterolaterally, the dorsal border overhangs the temporal fossa. Below this border, the parietal is rather deeply concave</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[811,1458,598,1199]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
(
<figureCitation box="[822,900,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Figs 10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[915,965,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">11A</figureCitation>
). Anteroventrally, it becomes strongly convex and inflated (the ventral-most part of the flange that was covering the descending supraorbital process of the frontal is missing), providing the anterior part of the parietal with a saddle-like shape in anterior view. Anteriorly, the parietalsupraoccipital suture is V-shaped, due to a wide and deep sutural lamella (
<figureCitation box="[990,1070,789,815]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Figs 10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1086,1136,789,815]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">11A</figureCitation>
). Dorsally, the anterior 
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of this suture are irregular, wavy and widely open (up to 
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separation). The anterolaterodorsal extremities of both the supraoccipital and the parietal (estimated to be less than 
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wide) have broken off and are missing (
<figureCitation box="[1371,1448,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Figs 10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[813,898,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">11A, B</figureCitation>
). Medially, the parietal-supraoccipital suture has completely merged, resulting in a fine line, running parallel to the dorsal supraoccipital surface. The supraoccipital is about 
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thick at this medial surface, and as such is very robust (
<tableCitation box="[896,973,1076,1102]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[133,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Dorsoventral height of the anterior supraoccipital versus the bizygomatic width, in mm, measured centrally (medially) on the anterioposterior axis. The last column gives the relative thickness, indicating the bone is very thick anterocentrally in the Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp. holotype. Persufflatius n. gen. and Metopocetus Cope, 1896 are both late Miocene genera; Caperea Gray, 1864 and Balaenaoptera Lacépède, 1804 are extant genera." pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Table 3</tableCitation>
). Internally (posteriorly), in the cranial cavity (imprint of the frontoparietal lobe of the brain), the suture is visible as a fine, very irregular wavy white line (
<figureCitation box="[1348,1450,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Figs 11D</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[813,841,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,946,963]" captionTargetBox="[150,1449,216,904]" captionTargetId="figure-675@20.[780,1424,293,826]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Medial view without periotic. d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior. Stereo image. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268596/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">15</figureCitation>
). Here also the suture has completely merged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[813,1075,1236,1262]" box="[813,1075,1236,1262]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
<heading box="[813,1075,1236,1262]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[813,1075,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
Squamosal (
<figureCitation box="[940,1001,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Figs 4</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1015,1066,1236,1262]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStart-5="FIG" captionStart-6="FIG" captionStartId-0="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionStartId-1="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionStartId-2="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionStartId-3="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionStartId-4="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionStartId-5="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionStartId-6="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox-0="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetBox-2="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetBox-4="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetBox-5="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetBox-6="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId-0="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetId-1="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetId-2="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetId-3="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetId-4="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetId-5="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetId-6="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionTargetPageId-4="16" captionTargetPageId-5="18" captionTargetPageId-6="19" captionText-0="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." captionText-4="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-5="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-6="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">8-14</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[810,1457,1267,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">
The squamosal is massive and inflated, especially laterally and anteriorly. It is generally robust, and together with the exoccipital, this part of the skull is anteroposteriorly relatively longer (
<quantity box="[818,915,1363,1389]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
) than in most other BnBB (such as 
<emphasis box="[1318,1408,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Pelocetus</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Steeman" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[813,926,1396,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[813,926,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Uranocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[942,1077,1395,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1310,1327]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,215,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-335@9.[132,1455,211,1281]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype and some closely related species. Line drawings in dorsal view, on the same scale. a, anterior; rl, right lateral. A, Isanacetus laticephalus MFM 28501, holotype; B, ‘Balaenoptera’ ryani CASG 1733, MFM 28501; C, Pelocetus calvertensis USNM 11976, holotype; D, Atlanticetus patulus USNM 23690, holotype; E, Morenocetus parvus MPL 5-11, holotype; F, Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype (original: right, purple-grey side; mirrored: left, green side); G, Tiucetus rosae MNHN.F.PPI261, holotype; H, ‘Diorocetus’ chichibuensis SMNH- VeF-68, holotype; I, ‘Diorocetus’ shobarensis HMN-F00005, holotype; J, Uranocetus gramensis MSM p 813, holotype; K, Parietobalaena palmeri USNM 10668, holotype; L, USNM 16119, referred specimen; M, Diorocetus hiatus USNM 16783, holotype. Scale bar 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268580/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Fig. 7C, F, J</figureCitation>
). The dorsal edge of the squamosal (temporal crest) gently slopes downwards in lateral direction; centrally, it slopes down in anterior direction, to form the dorsal squamosal fossa (similar to 
<emphasis box="[1086,1173,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Pelocetus</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Steeman" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1186,1296,1492,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1186,1296,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Uranocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[1307,1455,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1307,1455,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marx, Lambert &amp; de Muizon" authorityYear="2017" box="[857,942,1523,1548]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tiucetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[857,942,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Tiucetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is, especially posteriorly, a lot wider in 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="n. gen.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Persufflatius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[907,979,1555,1581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation box="[992,1053,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1310,1327]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,215,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-335@9.[132,1455,211,1281]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype and some closely related species. Line drawings in dorsal view, on the same scale. a, anterior; rl, right lateral. A, Isanacetus laticephalus MFM 28501, holotype; B, ‘Balaenoptera’ ryani CASG 1733, MFM 28501; C, Pelocetus calvertensis USNM 11976, holotype; D, Atlanticetus patulus USNM 23690, holotype; E, Morenocetus parvus MPL 5-11, holotype; F, Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype (original: right, purple-grey side; mirrored: left, green side); G, Tiucetus rosae MNHN.F.PPI261, holotype; H, ‘Diorocetus’ chichibuensis SMNH- VeF-68, holotype; I, ‘Diorocetus’ shobarensis HMN-F00005, holotype; J, Uranocetus gramensis MSM p 813, holotype; K, Parietobalaena palmeri USNM 10668, holotype; L, USNM 16119, referred specimen; M, Diorocetus hiatus USNM 16783, holotype. Scale bar 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268580/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Figs 7</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1064,1078,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">8</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1090,1118,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1129,1157,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">14</figureCitation>
). This posterior wall (‘floor’) of the temporal fossa is continuously convex and bulges into the temporal fossa. Basally and medially, at the level of the pseudoval foramen, the squamosal is anteroposteriorly short (
<quantity box="[821,905,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" unit="mm" value="57.0">57 mm</quantity>
). The squamosal fossa is anteroposteriorly elongate. Its floor is concave, especially anteriorly, though it becomes less concave posteriorly as it approaches the posterior apex of the temporal crest. The zygomatic process of the squamosal has broken, exposing its robust tear-shaped transverse section (ventral width: 
<quantity box="[977,1059,1842,1868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" unit="mm" value="87.0">87 mm</quantity>
; height: 
<quantity box="[1151,1248,1842,1868]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="13" pageNumber="944" unit="mm" value="141.0">141 mm</quantity>
). It is ventrally and laterally inflated and rounded, and consists entirely of spongy bone with, very small cavities (mean mediolateral W: 0.354; mean H: 0.478) (Appendix 2), covered externally by a thin layer of cortical bone (
<figureCitation box="[1056,1135,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Figs 13</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1149,1177,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">14</figureCitation>
). The compactness of the bone at this section is 
<emphasis box="[1059,1067,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="944">c</emphasis>
. 0.39 (
<tableCitation box="[1148,1229,2001,2027]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="13" pageNumber="944">Table 4</tableCitation>
). The temporal crest
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[132,1457,732,840]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">
FIG. 10. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[223,431,732,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[223,431,732,749]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[436,554,732,749]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[763,776,732,749]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">A</emphasis>
, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[639,652,755,772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">B</emphasis>
, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[451,587,778,795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Clear blue lines</emphasis>
, sections as preserved; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[789,985,778,795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">dotted clear blue lines</emphasis>
, fractures as preserved; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1192,1286,778,795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">white lines</emphasis>
, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[547,703,800,817]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">dotted black lines</emphasis>
, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,143,823,840]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">a</emphasis>
, anterior; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[227,232,823,840]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">l</emphasis>
, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="14.[130,777,917,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">
is strong, obtuse and rounded dorsal to the parietal; on the squamosal it gradually becomes a 90° edge. Laterodorsally, at the base of the zygomatic process of the squamosal, the supramastoid crest (lateral temporal crest) is eroded over the 70 lateral-most millimetres, judging by the curvature of the remaining surfaces, about 
<quantity box="[412,465,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
of bone is missing dorsally at this lateral-most point (
<figureCitation box="[388,467,1108,1134]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Figs 10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[482,510,1108,1134]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">13</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[524,552,1108,1134]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">14</figureCitation>
[dotted purple/green line at the left]). Laterally, only the posterior 
<quantity box="[624,704,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="mm" value="71.0">71 mm</quantity>
of the zygomatic process of the squamosal are preserved. This posterior remnant of the zygomatic process of the squamosal is unusually high (
<tableCitation box="[312,447,1235,1262]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[131,178,220,237]" captionTargetId="graphics-443@17.[132,1455,805,830]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. — A, B, Comparison of Persufflatius n. gen. with some other mysticetes: A, measurements; B, values relative to bizygomatic width. All measurements in mm. Abbreviations: EAM, extarnal auditory meatus; H, height; L, length; W, width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F171FFBC8DB6FF1BF55FFEB4" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" tableUuid="E3976655F171FFBC8DB6FF1BF55FFEB4">Table 5A, B</tableCitation>
). On this surface, contrary to other BnBB, there is no sign of a supramastoid crest or fossa; the surface is laterally smooth over the dorsal 
<quantity box="[623,703,1299,1326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
and is possibly abraded by erosion (
<figureCitation box="[440,502,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Figs 8</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[515,543,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">13</figureCitation>
). Anteroventrally, the pseudoval process protrudes relatively far into the temporal fossa (
<figureCitation box="[200,284,1395,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Figs 4E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[296,310,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">9</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[325,353,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">12</figureCitation>
). The bone is spongy, with big mediolaterally elongated cavities (mean mediolateral W: 2.142; mean H: 0.824) (Appendix 2), having a compactness of 
<emphasis box="[701,709,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">c</emphasis>
. 0.54 (
<tableCitation box="[142,225,1491,1517]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Table 4</tableCitation>
). The anteroventral part of the dorsal squamosal fossa (= the posterior wall of the temporal fossa) bulges into the temporal fossa rising upwards at about 65° with respect to the horizontal plane; the posterodorsal part rises in posterior direction at some 45° to form the squamosal fossa. Posteriorly, the dorsal squamosal fossa is notably wider than in all other BnBB. Ventral to the dorsal squamosal-parietal suture, on the lateral wall of the temporal fossa, the ventral squamosal bulges more strongly into the temporal fossa, being somewhat inflated at this point. The bone has a 
<emphasis box="[545,553,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">c</emphasis>
. 
<quantity box="[568,648,1778,1804]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
thick layer, composed of alternating thin layers of spongy and compact bone. More dorsally, along the dorsal part of the squamosalparietal suture, the surface slopes in dorsomedial direction at about 120° with respect to the horizontal plane. In ventral view, the periotic fossa is deeply excavated and it is anteriorly abruptly restricted by a steep wall at the level of the posterior side of the pseudoval foramen (
<figureCitation box="[466,541,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[811,1457,917,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">
<emphasis box="[813,1417,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Pseudoval process, squamosal window and falciform process</emphasis>
We use the new term ‘pseudoval process’ (
<figureCitation box="[1268,1333,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Figs 9</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1347,1375,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">12</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1389,1417,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">14</figureCitation>
) to indicate the anteromedial process of mysticete squamosals, that projects medioventrally and that bears the pseudoval foramen (
<figureCitation box="[921,986,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Figs 9</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1001,1029,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">12</figureCitation>
) and the falciform process (
<figureCitation box="[1340,1405,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Figs 9</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1420,1448,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">12</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[813,841,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[191,202,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,215,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-552@24.[503,1092,213,757]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 20. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic in situ in squamosal.Light blue line, burrow. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268610/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">20</figureCitation>
); In ventral view, the pseudoval process is laterally limited by the medial border of the ventral squamosal fossa; posteriorly it is limited by the anterior border of the periotic fossa. Anterodorsally, the pseudoval process is confluent with the squamosal body; the imaginary line running from the medial squamosal cleft to the medial border of the ventral squamosal fossa delimits the pseudoval process there. Medially and medioventrally the pseudoval process has a big sutural contact surface for the pterygoid (
<figureCitation box="[1363,1438,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
); mediodorsally it (most probably) contacted the (missing) alisphenoid. The pseudoval process is quite robust but anteroposteriorly short (
<quantity box="[1021,1122,1427,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.18" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="mm" value="71.8">71.8 mm</quantity>
high at the anterior side of the pseudoval foramen and 
<quantity box="[1080,1182,1459,1486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.64" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="mm" value="56.4">56.4 mm</quantity>
long anteroposteriorly). The pseudoval foramen is about 
<quantity box="[1174,1254,1491,1518]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
wide transversally (widening to 
<quantity box="[963,1043,1523,1549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
posteriorly). It is weakly curved ventrodorsally (about 
<quantity box="[1019,1085,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
high in the middle, as preserved; both the falciform process and the anterior process being damaged ventrally). The pseudoval process is mediolaterally relatively short (roughly 
<quantity box="[1091,1174,1650,1677]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
including the pseudoval foramen but excluding the falciform process). Only the dorsal part (roof) of the pseudoval foramen is preserved (
<figureCitation box="[822,935,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Figs 4E, F</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[946,960,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">9</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[975,1003,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">12</figureCitation>
). This preserved dorsal part is exclusively formed by the squamosal. As the ventral part is missing, it is unclear whether the foramen was entirely formed by the squamosal or whether the pterygoid made up part of the ventral side. Medially, a small fragment of the pterygoid is preserved. The preserved bone fragment is firmly fused with the squamosal (
<figureCitation box="[986,1064,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="945">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
); it does not contact the pseudoval foramen. The falciform process is about 
<quantity box="[1240,1318,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
thick. It is at least 
<quantity box="[866,944,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="945" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
long (anteroposteriorly), but the exact dimen-
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="946" startId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" targetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph blockId="15.[132,1457,1963,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">
FIG. 11. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[223,432,1963,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[223,432,1963,1980]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[437,556,1963,1980]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1278,1291,1963,1980]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">A</emphasis>
, anterodorsal view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,145,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">B</emphasis>
, anterior view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[277,291,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">C</emphasis>
, ventral view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[414,428,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">D</emphasis>
, posteromedial view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[615,749,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">Dark blue lines</emphasis>
, sutures; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,971,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">clear blue lines</emphasis>
, sections; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1065,1255,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">dotted magenta lines</emphasis>
, zones; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">black hatched surface</emphasis>
, broken surfaces of the parietal. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[474,485,2008,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">a</emphasis>
, anterior; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[569,580,2008,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">d</emphasis>
, dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[652,657,2008,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">l</emphasis>
, lateral; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[728,745,2008,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="946">m</emphasis>
, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" startId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" targetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph blockId="16.[132,1455,1606,1668]" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">
FIG. 12. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[222,430,1606,1623]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[222,430,1606,1623]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[434,551,1606,1623]" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1081,1086,1606,1623]" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">l</emphasis>
, lateral; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1157,1168,1606,1623]" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">p</emphasis>
, posterior. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1263,1450,1606,1623]" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">Dashed magenta line</emphasis>
, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[807,918,1651,1668]" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">pink surface</emphasis>
, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="16.[131,776,1746,2028]" lastBlockId="16.[813,1456,1746,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">
sions are uncertain, as it is damaged at both the anterior and posterior sides. We designate the concave surface of the squamosal between the posterior falciform process and the anterior border of the external meatus as ‘squamosal window’ (new term; 
<figureCitation box="[263,378,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">Figs 4E, F</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[391,404,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">9</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[419,447,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">12</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[463,491,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[191,202,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,215,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-552@24.[503,1092,213,757]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 20. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic in situ in squamosal.Light blue line, burrow. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268610/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">20</figureCitation>
). The squamosal window exposes part of the lateral side of the anterior process of the periotic. In ventral view, the squamosal window is anteroposteriorly short (about 
<quantity box="[363,442,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
long, which is shorter than in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[132,290,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[132,290,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and continuously curved (contrary to the condition in 
<taxonomicName authority="Marx, Bosselaers &amp; Louwye, 2016" authorityName="Marx, Bosselaers &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2016" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Metopocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hunteri">
<emphasis box="[958,1172,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">Metopocetus hunteri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="MARX F. &amp; BOSSELAERS M. &amp; LOUWYE S." pageId="16" pageNumber="947" pagination="1572" refId="ref25821" refString="MARX F., BOSSELAERS M. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2016 a. - A new species of Metopocetus (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Cetotheriidae) from the Late Miocene of the Netherlands. PeerJ 4: e 1572. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 1572" type="journal article" year="2016">Marx, Bosselaers &amp; Louwye, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, where the squamosal window is squared (
<bibRefCitation author="MARX F. &amp; BOSSELAERS M. &amp; LOUWYE S." pageId="16" pageNumber="947" pagination="1572" refId="ref25821" refString="MARX F., BOSSELAERS M. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2016 a. - A new species of Metopocetus (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Cetotheriidae) from the Late Miocene of the Netherlands. PeerJ 4: e 1572. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 1572" type="journal article" year="2016">
Marx 
<emphasis box="[813,866,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">et al.</emphasis>
2016a: 12-13
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5/6a); it is rounded also in (most) other BnBB mysticetes like 
<taxonomicName box="[1111,1355,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmeri">
<emphasis box="[1111,1355,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">Parietobalaena palmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="KELLOGG R." pageId="16" pageNumber="947" pagination="103 - 201" refId="ref24882" refString="KELLOGG R. 1968. - Fossil Marine Mammals from the Miocene Calvert Formation of Maryland and Virginia. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 247 (5 - 8): 103 - 201." type="journal article" year="1968">Kellogg 1968: 182</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 83, 84, pl. 67), 
<taxonomicName box="[1170,1355,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiatus">
<emphasis box="[1170,1355,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">Diorocetus hiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="KELLOGG R." pageId="16" pageNumber="947" pagination="103 - 201" refId="ref24882" refString="KELLOGG R. 1968. - Fossil Marine Mammals from the Miocene Calvert Formation of Maryland and Virginia. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 247 (5 - 8): 103 - 201." type="journal article" year="1968">Kellogg 1968</bibRefCitation>
: plate 50), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bisconti, Lambert &amp; Bosselaers" authorityYear="2013" box="[998,1289,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campiniana">
<emphasis box="[998,1289,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">Parietobalaena campiniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="BISCONTI M. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; BOSSELAERS M." pageId="16" pageNumber="947" pagination="95 - 127" refId="ref23050" refString="BISCONTI M., LAMBERT O. &amp; BOSSELAERS M. 2013. - Taxonomic revision of Isocetus depauwi (Mammali, Cetacea, Mysticeti) and the Phylogenetic relationships of archaic ' cetothere' mysticetes. Palaeontology 56 (1): 95 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2012.01168. x" type="journal article" year="2013">
Bisconti 
<emphasis box="[1403,1456,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 111
</bibRefCitation>
, RBINS M 399, fig. 19 [hiat]), ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[1291,1448,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1291,1448,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[813,877,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laxata">
<emphasis box="[813,877,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">laxata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB M 712, 713 and 727) and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1880" box="[1256,1455,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Idiocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="947" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longifrons">
<emphasis box="[1256,1455,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="947">Idiocetus longifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB M 718) (MB pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="E3976655F171FFBC8DB6FF1BF55FFEB4" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F171FFBC8DB6FF1BF55FFEB4" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" startId="17.[131,178,220,237]" targetBox="[134,1439,318,1328]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="17.[131,1455,220,259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
TABLE 5. — 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[228,241,220,237]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[252,265,220,237]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">B</emphasis>
, Comparison of 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[405,507,220,237]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="n. gen.">
<emphasis box="[405,507,220,237]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Persufflatius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[512,571,220,237]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with some other mysticetes: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,829,220,237]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">A</emphasis>
, measurements; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[973,986,220,237]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">B</emphasis>
, values relative to bizygomatic width. All measurements in mm. Abbreviations: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[319,361,242,259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">EAM</emphasis>
, extarnal auditory meatus; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[588,602,242,259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">H</emphasis>
, height; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[674,685,242,259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">L</emphasis>
, length; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[757,775,242,259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">W</emphasis>
, width.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<table box="[134,1439,318,1328]" gridcols="9" gridrows="38" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<tr box="[134,1439,318,338]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th box="[134,303,318,338]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[134,238,318,338]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">A: species</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[321,443,318,338]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[321,435,318,338]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">(estimated)</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[712,823,318,338]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[729,806,318,338]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Antero-</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[847,958,318,338]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[894,910,318,338]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">H</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[971,1129,318,338]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[971,1129,318,338]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">anteroposterior</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1140,1286,318,338]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1149,1276,318,338]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">mediolateral</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1311,1439,318,338]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1311,1439,318,338]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">ventrodorsal</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,343,363]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,343,363]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[134,224,343,363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Absolute</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,343,363]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[367,387,343,363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">W</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[458,540,343,363]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[458,540,343,363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">bilateral</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[557,694,343,363]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[562,689,343,363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">mediolateral</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[712,823,343,363]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[712,823,343,363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">posterior L</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[847,958,343,363]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[847,958,343,363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">squamosal</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[971,1129,343,363]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[981,1120,343,363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">L postglenoid</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,343,363]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1140,1286,343,363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">W postglenoid</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,343,363]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1311,1438,343,363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">H zygomatic</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,369,389]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,443,369,389]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[134,443,369,389]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">values bi-zygomatic</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[458,540,369,389]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[475,523,369,389]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">EAM</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[557,694,369,389]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[557,694,369,389]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">W squamosal</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[712,823,369,389]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[712,823,369,389]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">squamosal</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[847,958,369,389]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,930,369,389]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">fossa</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[971,1129,369,389]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[982,1119,369,389]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">process base</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,369,389]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1141,1285,369,389]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">process- EAM</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,369,389]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1346,1403,369,389]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">onset</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,404,425]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,404,425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[134,251,405,425]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[134,251,405,425]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Persufflatius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,404,425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">740</td>
<td box="[458,540,404,425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">630</td>
<td box="[557,694,404,425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">238</td>
<td box="[712,823,404,425]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">170</td>
<td box="[847,958,404,425]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">166</td>
<td box="[971,1129,404,425]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">111</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,404,425]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">188</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,404,425]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">130</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,430,450]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,430,450]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[156,271,430,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[156,271,430,450]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,456,476]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,456,476]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[156,288,456,476]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,481,501]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[134,303,481,501]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">MAB 010293</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,505,526]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,505,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[134,275,506,526]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[134,275,506,526]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,505,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">440</td>
<td box="[458,540,505,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">310</td>
<td box="[557,694,505,526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">175</td>
<td box="[712,823,505,526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">92</td>
<td box="[847,958,505,526]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">70</td>
<td box="[971,1129,505,526]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">47</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,505,526]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">102</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,505,526]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">47</td>
</tr>
<taxonomicName authority="IRSNB M" authorityName="IRSNB M" box="[156,265,531,577]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campiniana">
<tr box="[134,1439,531,551]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,531,551]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis box="[156,265,531,551]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">campiniana</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,557,577]" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[134,303,557,577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">IRSNB M399</th>
</tr>
</taxonomicName>
<tr box="[134,1439,581,601]" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,581,601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1872" box="[134,263,581,601]" class="Mammalia" genus="Herpetocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[134,263,581,601]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Herpetocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,581,601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">380</td>
<td box="[458,540,581,601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">240</td>
<td box="[557,694,581,601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">140</td>
<td box="[712,823,581,601]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">143</td>
<td box="[847,958,581,601]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">-</td>
<td box="[971,1129,581,601]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">34</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,581,601]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">83</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,581,601]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">70</td>
</tr>
<taxonomicName authority="IGPS" authorityName="IGPS" box="[156,252,607,652]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Herpeocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sendaicus">
<tr box="[134,1439,607,627]" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,607,627]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis box="[156,252,607,627]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">sendaicus</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,632,652]" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[134,303,632,652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">IGPS 78423</th>
</tr>
</taxonomicName>
<tr box="[134,1439,656,676]" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,656,676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilleri &amp; Siber" authorityYear="1989" box="[134,260,656,676]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Piscobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[134,260,656,676]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Piscobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,656,676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">404</td>
<td box="[458,540,656,676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">286</td>
<td box="[557,694,656,676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">125</td>
<td box="[712,823,656,676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">123</td>
<td box="[847,958,656,676]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">-</td>
<td box="[971,1129,656,676]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">47</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,656,676]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">87</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,656,676]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">55</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,682,702]" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[134,303,682,702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authority="SAS 1617" authorityName="SAS" authorityYear="1617" box="[156,297,682,702]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Piscobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis box="[156,202,682,702]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">nana</emphasis>
SAS1617
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,706,726]" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,706,726]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[134,260,706,726]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[134,260,706,726]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,706,726]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">575</td>
<td box="[458,540,706,726]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">508</td>
<td box="[557,694,706,726]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">205</td>
<td box="[712,823,706,726]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">130</td>
<td box="[847,958,706,726]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">86</td>
<td box="[971,1129,706,726]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">55</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,706,726]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">147</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,706,726]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">80</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,732,752]" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,732,752]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[156,282,732,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutorostrata">
<emphasis box="[156,282,732,752]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">acutorostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,757,777]" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,757,777]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">juvenile</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,783,803]" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,783,803]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">NMR 99903024</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,843,863]" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th box="[134,303,843,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[134,239,843,863]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">B: species</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,843,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[321,435,843,863]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">(estimated)</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[712,823,843,863]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[729,806,843,863]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Antero-</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[847,958,843,863]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[894,910,843,863]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">H</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[971,1129,843,863]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[971,1129,843,863]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">anteroposterior</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,843,863]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1149,1276,843,863]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">mediolateral</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,843,863]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1311,1439,843,863]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">ventrodorsal</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,869,889]" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,869,889]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[134,216,869,889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Relative</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,869,889]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[367,387,869,889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">W</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[458,540,869,889]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[458,540,869,889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">bilateral</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[557,694,869,889]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[562,689,869,889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">mediolateral</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[712,823,869,889]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[712,823,869,889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">posterior L</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[847,958,869,889]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[847,958,869,889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">squamosal</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[971,1129,869,889]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[981,1120,869,889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">L postglenoid</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,869,889]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1140,1286,869,889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">W postglenoid</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,869,889]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1311,1438,869,889]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">H zygomatic</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,894,914]" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,443,894,914]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[134,443,894,914]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">values bi-zygomatic</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[458,540,894,914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[475,523,894,914]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">EAM</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[557,694,894,914]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[557,694,894,914]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">W squamosal</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[712,823,894,914]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[712,823,894,914]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">squamosal</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[847,958,894,914]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,930,894,914]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">fossa</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[971,1129,894,914]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[982,1119,894,914]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">process base</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,894,914]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1141,1285,894,914]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">process- EAM</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,894,914]" gridcol="8" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1346,1403,894,914]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">onset</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,930,950]" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,930,950]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[134,251,930,950]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[134,251,930,950]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Persufflatius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,930,950]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">1000</td>
<td box="[458,540,930,950]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">851</td>
<td box="[557,694,930,950]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">322</td>
<td box="[712,823,930,950]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">230</td>
<td box="[847,958,930,950]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">224</td>
<td box="[971,1129,930,950]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">150</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,930,950]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">254</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,930,950]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">175</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,955,975]" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,955,975]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[156,271,955,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[156,271,955,975]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,981,1001]" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,981,1001]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[156,288,981,1001]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,1006,1026]" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,1006,1026]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">MAB 010293</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,1031,1051]" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,1031,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[134,275,1031,1051]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[134,275,1031,1051]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,1031,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">1000</td>
<td box="[458,540,1031,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">704</td>
<td box="[557,694,1031,1051]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">397</td>
<td box="[712,823,1031,1051]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">209</td>
<td box="[847,958,1031,1051]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">159</td>
<td box="[971,1129,1031,1051]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">107</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,1031,1051]" gridcol="7" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">231</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,1031,1051]" gridcol="8" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">107</td>
</tr>
<taxonomicName authority="IRSNB M" authorityName="IRSNB M" box="[156,265,1056,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campiniana">
<tr box="[134,1439,1056,1076]" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,1056,1076]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis box="[156,265,1056,1076]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">campiniana</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,1082,1102]" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[134,303,1082,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">IRSNB M399</th>
</tr>
</taxonomicName>
<tr box="[134,1439,1106,1126]" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,1106,1126]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1872" box="[134,263,1106,1126]" class="Mammalia" genus="Herpetocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[134,263,1106,1126]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Herpetocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,1106,1126]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">1000</td>
<td box="[458,540,1106,1126]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">631</td>
<td box="[557,694,1106,1126]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">368</td>
<td box="[712,823,1106,1126]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">376</td>
<td box="[847,958,1106,1126]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">-</td>
<td box="[971,1129,1106,1126]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">99</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,1106,1126]" gridcol="7" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">229</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,1106,1126]" gridcol="8" gridrow="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">144</td>
</tr>
<taxonomicName authority="IGPS" authorityName="IGPS" box="[156,252,1132,1177]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Herpeocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sendaicus">
<tr box="[134,1439,1132,1152]" gridrow="30" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,1132,1152]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis box="[156,252,1132,1152]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">sendaicus</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,1157,1177]" gridrow="31" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[134,303,1157,1177]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">IGPS 78423</th>
</tr>
</taxonomicName>
<tr box="[134,1439,1181,1201]" gridrow="32" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,1181,1201]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilleri &amp; Siber" authorityYear="1989" box="[134,260,1181,1201]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Piscobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[134,260,1181,1201]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Piscobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,1181,1201]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">1000</td>
<td box="[458,540,1181,1201]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">707</td>
<td box="[557,694,1181,1201]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">309</td>
<td box="[712,823,1181,1201]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">304</td>
<td box="[847,958,1181,1201]" gridcol="5" gridrow="32" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">-</td>
<td box="[971,1129,1181,1201]" gridcol="6" gridrow="32" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">116</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,1181,1201]" gridcol="7" gridrow="32" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">215</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,1181,1201]" gridcol="8" gridrow="32" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">136</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,1207,1227]" gridrow="33" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th box="[134,303,1207,1227]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authority="SAS 1617" authorityName="SAS" authorityYear="1617" box="[156,303,1207,1227]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Piscobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis box="[156,202,1207,1227]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">nana</emphasis>
SAS 1617
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,1231,1251]" gridrow="34" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,303,1231,1251]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[134,260,1231,1251]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[134,260,1231,1251]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Balaenoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[321,443,1231,1251]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">1000</td>
<td box="[458,540,1231,1251]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">884</td>
<td box="[557,694,1231,1251]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">357</td>
<td box="[712,823,1231,1251]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">226</td>
<td box="[847,958,1231,1251]" gridcol="5" gridrow="34" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">150</td>
<td box="[971,1129,1231,1251]" gridcol="6" gridrow="34" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">96</td>
<td box="[1140,1286,1231,1251]" gridcol="7" gridrow="34" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">257</td>
<td box="[1311,1439,1231,1251]" gridcol="8" gridrow="34" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">135</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,1257,1277]" gridrow="35" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,1257,1277]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[156,282,1257,1277]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutorostrata">
<emphasis box="[156,282,1257,1277]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">acutorostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,1282,1302]" gridrow="36" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,1282,1302]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Juvenile</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1439,1308,1328]" gridrow="37" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<th box="[134,1439,1308,1328]" colspan="9" colspanRight="8" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">NMR 99903024</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[132,400,1427,1453]" box="[132,400,1427,1453]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
<heading box="[132,400,1427,1453]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,400,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Squamosal-parietal suture</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[130,777,1459,1900]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
The dorsal part of the squamosal-parietal suture descends anteroventrally from the temporal crest and is almost perfectly straight (
<figureCitation box="[141,202,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Figs 8</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[214,241,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[254,330,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">11A, B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[338,366,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">13</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[379,406,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">14</figureCitation>
). In this dorsal part, the suture-line itself is crenate, still visible as a 
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wide furrow externally; internally, the suture is not discernible anymore. slightly below mid-height the suture inclines about 135° in anteroventromedial direction. The squamosal side of this lower part of the suture is preserved, but the opposite parietal side has broken off and is missing. This ventral part of the squamosal-parietal suture (anterodorsal border of the squamosal) is slightly curved (concave anterodorsally). This part of the suture is not fused and, contrary to the upper part, is finely denticulate. At the point where the squamosal-parietal suture changes direction, it also contacts the squamosal cleft (laterally).
</paragraph>
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<heading box="[132,291,1937,1963]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,291,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Squamosal cleft</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[132,777,1969,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">The squamosal cleft is ‘smiley’-shaped (dorsally concave); the suture is irregular, shallow and in places only visible in</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[811,1457,1427,1804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
grazing light due to an advanced state of merging (
<figureCitation box="[1354,1450,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Figs 11B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[813,841,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">14</figureCitation>
). It looks similar to the squamosal cleft of 
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[1301,1455,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
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<emphasis box="[858,1083,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Parietobalaena laxata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB M 712 and M 727); MB pers. obs.). It is mediolaterally 
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wide. Internally, on the anterior border and on the anteromedial border of the periotic fossa, the remnant of the internal squamosal cleft suture is visible as a sharp edge, medially terminating in a narrow furrow, running upwards from the anteromediodorsal edge of the periotic fossa. It seems to continue in anterior direction, to ‘surface’ as a narrow foramen (
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) at the posteroventrolateral corner of the parietal flange covering the dorsal supraorbital process of the frontal (white arrows in 
<figureCitation box="[1363,1439,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<heading box="[813,1001,1841,1867]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[813,1001,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Postglenoid process</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[810,1455,1873,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">
The postglenoid process is wide and semi-circular to half-teardrop-shaped in posterior view (
<figureCitation box="[1145,1257,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">Figs 4A, B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1266,1280,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">9</figureCitation>
), protruding far ventrally (about 
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high, as preserved posteriorly; another 
<emphasis box="[810,819,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="948">c</emphasis>
. 
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is missing ventrally, based on the shape, curvature and orientation of the preserved surfaces, totalling about 
<quantity box="[1363,1454,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="17" pageNumber="948" unit="mm" value="115.0">115 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268592" box="[322,1267,959,976]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" startId="18.[322,333,959,976]" targetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph blockId="18.[322,1267,959,976]" box="[322,1267,959,976]" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">
FIG. 13. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[412,620,959,976]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[412,620,959,976]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[625,743,959,976]" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="18.[130,776,1044,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">
dorsoventral height). Posteriorly, it is flat to slightly concave; anteriorly, it is globose and inflated (a strange condition for the surface that articulates with the convex mandibular condyle). Lateroventrally, the postglenoid process is also strongly inflated (
<figureCitation box="[229,306,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Figs 12</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[319,347,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">13</figureCitation>
). This is somewhat similar to the condition observed in 
<taxonomicName box="[310,512,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[310,512,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the anterior surface is more inflated and is mediolaterally wider, being massive and large compared to the size of the skull. The postglenoid process consists entirely of spongy bone (its internal compactness is about 0.35; 
<tableCitation box="[267,347,1331,1357]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Table 4</tableCitation>
) with medium-sized cavities (mean W: 
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; mean H: 
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; Appendix 2). Externally, it is covered by a thin layer of cortical bone. The posterodorsal base of the postglenoid process, the central edge in the external auditory meatus (EAM), is 
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wide mediolaterally (medial border of the cranial hiatus till the lateral U-shaped edge of the foramen for the facial nerve). The base-line is mediolaterally continuously curved.
</paragraph>
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<heading box="[132,369,1618,1644]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,369,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Ventral squamosal crest</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[132,776,1650,1868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">
The anteroventral border of the squamosal fossa is delimited by a ventrally protruding, sharply edged bony crest (ventral squamosal crest) that separates the ventral surface of the squamosal (ventral squamosal fossa) from the temporal fossa, thus limiting the manoeuvrability of the mandibular condyle medial to the postglenoid contact surface (
<figureCitation box="[227,313,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Figs 4E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[326,340,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">9</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[356,385,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[132,490,1905,1932]" box="[132,490,1905,1932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">
<heading box="[132,490,1905,1932]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,490,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">External auditory meatus (EAM)</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[132,775,1937,2027]" lastBlockId="18.[811,1455,1044,1294]" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">
The EAM is narrow (medially, 
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; centrally, 
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; laterally, at the level of the lateral exoccipital, 
<emphasis box="[652,661,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">c</emphasis>
. 
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), slightly widening medially, recaling the condition in 
<emphasis box="[698,963,1044,2027]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">
Cephalotropis 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1896" box="[898,963,1045,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Cephalotropis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nectus">nectus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1020,1213,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Heterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis box="[1020,1213,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Heterocetus affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, giving it the appearance of a slender elongated spoon. Far laterally the borders of the EAM are not well defined and it widens fan-shaped (
<figureCitation box="[822,904,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[262,273,694,711]" captionTargetBox="[146,1456,216,655]" captionTargetId="figure-583@25.[124,975,236,630]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 21. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterior view. d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm. TABLE 6. — Measurements of periotic foramina in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268612/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Anterolaterally, a furrow continues far on the posterior side of the postglenoidal process, terminating laterodorsally in a distinct narrow U-shaped sulcus (
<quantity box="[821,927,1236,1262]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" unit="mm" value="11.2">11.2 mm</quantity>
wide and 
<quantity box="[1047,1152,1236,1262]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.22" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" unit="mm" value="8.22">8.22 mm</quantity>
deep), that most probably accommodated the facial nerve (
<figureCitation box="[1178,1298,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Figs 4A, B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1311,1340,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">12</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1355,1384,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">13</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1399,1428,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[262,273,694,711]" captionTargetBox="[146,1456,216,655]" captionTargetId="figure-583@25.[124,975,236,630]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 21. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterior view. d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm. TABLE 6. — Measurements of periotic foramina in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268612/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[813,1021,1331,1357]" box="[813,1021,1331,1357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">
<heading box="[813,1021,1331,1357]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[813,1021,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Sternomastoid fossa</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[811,1457,1363,1709]" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">
Dorsolaterally, above the postglenoid process, there is no deep well-defined sternomastoid fossa. This fossa is very pronounced in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[981,1140,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[981,1140,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in the same position on the squamosum, there is no sign of a fossa in 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaieni" status="n. gen., n. spec.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Persufflatius renefraaieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[951,1134,1491,1517]" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" rank="species">n. gen., n. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Instead, there is an inflated protrusion, having an irregular, coarse, somewhat eroded surface, not covered externally by cortical bone. The sternomastoid fossa may have been completely abraded, or, the sternomastoid fossa was positioned more anteriorly, on a part of the squamosal that is missing due to fracturing (
<figureCitation box="[865,932,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Figs 8</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[947,976,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[813,999,1746,1772]" box="[813,999,1746,1772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">
<heading box="[813,999,1746,1772]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[813,999,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Ventral squamosal</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[811,1457,1778,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">
The periotic fossa (the anterolateral, lateral and laterodorsal border of the cranial hiatus) is deeply excavated and ovoid (anteroposteriorly oblong) and anteriorly steeply restricted by the dorsal wall of the pseudoval foramen (width 
<quantity box="[1345,1449,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" unit="mm" value="52.5">52.5 mm</quantity>
; length: 
<quantity box="[900,984,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
; deep: 
<quantity box="[1066,1169,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" unit="mm" value="20.1">20.1 mm</quantity>
with respect to the EAM border; 
<quantity box="[900,980,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="949" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
with respect to the lateral border). Whereas the periotic fossa is long, the pseudoval foramen is shorter than usual (
<figureCitation box="[941,1016,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="949">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" startId="19.[132,143,924,941]" targetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph blockId="19.[132,1455,924,964]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">
FIG. 14. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[222,430,924,941]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[222,430,924,941]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[434,551,924,941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1215,1317,924,941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">yellow lines</emphasis>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1332,1450,924,941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">White arrows</emphasis>
, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[513,524,947,964]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">d</emphasis>
, dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[597,614,947,964]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">m</emphasis>
, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="19.[132,228,1044,1070]" box="[132,228,1044,1070]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">
<heading box="[132,228,1044,1070]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,228,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Pterygoid</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[130,777,1076,1358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">
The anteromedioventral part of the squamosal-pterygoid suture is preserved on the squamosal. Medioventrally, this suture seems to be in an advanced state of fusion and its shape is difficult to observe in full detail. The preserved part of the fused bone is 
<quantity box="[352,432,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
wide and 
<quantity box="[546,625,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
high. On the posterior side the bone has broken and the trapezoid suture, delimiting this roughly 50 × 
<quantity box="[424,499,1268,1294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
sized bone is clearly visible (
<figureCitation box="[141,238,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Figs 11B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[249,277,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">14</figureCitation>
). The bone is spongy with a compactness of 
<emphasis box="[758,767,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">c</emphasis>
. 0.59 (
<tableCitation box="[198,277,1331,1357]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[132,227,1395,1421]" box="[132,227,1395,1421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">
<heading box="[132,227,1395,1421]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,227,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Occipital</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[131,775,1427,1549]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">
The occipital is (half) bell-shaped in posterodorsal view. The medioventral part of the supraoccipital, the exoccipital and the basioccipital are missing (
<figureCitation box="[446,561,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Figs 4B, C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[570,602,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1310,1327]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,215,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-335@9.[132,1455,211,1281]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype and some closely related species. Line drawings in dorsal view, on the same scale. a, anterior; rl, right lateral. A, Isanacetus laticephalus MFM 28501, holotype; B, ‘Balaenoptera’ ryani CASG 1733, MFM 28501; C, Pelocetus calvertensis USNM 11976, holotype; D, Atlanticetus patulus USNM 23690, holotype; E, Morenocetus parvus MPL 5-11, holotype; F, Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype (original: right, purple-grey side; mirrored: left, green side); G, Tiucetus rosae MNHN.F.PPI261, holotype; H, ‘Diorocetus’ chichibuensis SMNH- VeF-68, holotype; I, ‘Diorocetus’ shobarensis HMN-F00005, holotype; J, Uranocetus gramensis MSM p 813, holotype; K, Parietobalaena palmeri USNM 10668, holotype; L, USNM 16119, referred specimen; M, Diorocetus hiatus USNM 16783, holotype. Scale bar 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268580/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">7F</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[613,627,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">8</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[640,668,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[681,729,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">11A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[740,768,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">14</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[132,160,1522,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,946,963]" captionTargetBox="[150,1449,216,904]" captionTargetId="figure-675@20.[780,1424,293,826]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Medial view without periotic. d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior. Stereo image. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268596/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">15</figureCitation>
). The lateral exoccipital is well preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[132,278,1586,1612]" box="[132,278,1586,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">
<heading box="[132,278,1586,1612]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,278,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Supraoccipital</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[130,775,1618,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">
Part of the right half of the supraoccipital is preserved. Judging from the right half, the complete supraoccipital shield must have been (sub-)bell-shaped, with a sigmoid temporal crest (somewhat similar to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Steeman" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[360,475,1715,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[360,475,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Uranocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but more rounded and bellshaped), the supraoccipital being transversely compressed along its anterior half.The anterodorsal surface of the supraoccipital is slightly to strongly concave. The medial part of the exoccipital, bearing the condyles and the foramen magnum, is missing, but the approximate position of the right occipital condyle can be reconstructed (
<figureCitation box="[371,433,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[130,775,1618,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">The exact shape of the apex is unclear, due to erosion of this part of the skull. It was most probably pointed (triangular) or narrowly trapezoid. Medially, the suture between</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[810,1457,1044,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">
the supraoccipital and the parietal is visible as a fine straight line, about 
<quantity box="[941,1022,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
below the dorsal edge of the supraoccipital. Centrally, in the 
<emphasis box="[1092,1100,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">c</emphasis>
. 25 mm-thick-supraoccipital, a layer of spongy bone, about 
<quantity box="[1143,1267,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7 to 9 mm</quantity>
thick, is present (compactness 
<emphasis box="[968,977,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">c</emphasis>
. 0.51; 
<tableCitation box="[1056,1137,1172,1198]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Table 4</tableCitation>
). The bone above and below this strip consists of dense, hypermineralized bone (compactness 
<emphasis box="[866,875,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">c</emphasis>
. 0.81; 
<tableCitation box="[955,1036,1236,1262]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Table 4</tableCitation>
), which is most probably redeposited (
<figureCitation box="[822,922,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Figs 11D</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[932,960,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,946,963]" captionTargetBox="[150,1449,216,904]" captionTargetId="figure-675@20.[780,1424,293,826]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Medial view without periotic. d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior. Stereo image. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268596/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">15</figureCitation>
). Such a thick anterior supraoccipital with two thick layers of dense bone is unusual. The anterior supraoccipital can be equally thick or even thicker in 
<taxonomicName authority="Bisconti, 2014" authorityName="Bisconti" authorityYear="2014" class="Mammalia" genus="Herentalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Herentalia nigra</emphasis>
Bisconti, 2014
</taxonomicName>
-like cetotheriids, such as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marx, Bosselaers &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2016" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Metopocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hunteri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Metopocetus hunteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with the same bizygomatic width), but the bone is internally uniformly spongy and becomes quickly thinner in posterior direction, while in 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[1216,1344,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="n. gen.">
<emphasis box="[1216,1344,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Persufflatius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1352,1430,1459,1485]" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
it stays equally thick over 
<quantity box="[1069,1147,1491,1518]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
(
<tableCitation box="[1163,1243,1491,1517]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[133,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Dorsoventral height of the anterior supraoccipital versus the bizygomatic width, in mm, measured centrally (medially) on the anterioposterior axis. The last column gives the relative thickness, indicating the bone is very thick anterocentrally in the Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp. holotype. Persufflatius n. gen. and Metopocetus Cope, 1896 are both late Miocene genera; Caperea Gray, 1864 and Balaenaoptera Lacépède, 1804 are extant genera." pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Table 3</tableCitation>
) and becomes even more dense posteriorly (compactness 
<emphasis box="[1234,1251,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">c.</emphasis>
0.84; 
<tableCitation box="[1323,1406,1523,1549]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Table 4</tableCitation>
). In extant 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[891,1067,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Balaenopteridae</taxonomicName>
the anterior supraoccipital is thin. In specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1804" box="[1003,1289,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutorostrata">
<emphasis box="[1003,1289,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Balaenoptera acutorostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the same bizygomatic width, the supraoccipital is anteriorly about 
<quantity box="[815,900,1650,1677]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
thick and becomes slightly thinner posteriorly (MB pers. obs.; 
<tableCitation box="[990,1071,1682,1708]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[133,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Dorsoventral height of the anterior supraoccipital versus the bizygomatic width, in mm, measured centrally (medially) on the anterioposterior axis. The last column gives the relative thickness, indicating the bone is very thick anterocentrally in the Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp. holotype. Persufflatius n. gen. and Metopocetus Cope, 1896 are both late Miocene genera; Caperea Gray, 1864 and Balaenaoptera Lacépède, 1804 are extant genera." pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[810,1457,1044,2028]" lastBlockId="20.[130,777,1044,1581]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="951" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">
Anterolaterally,the supraoccipital is roughly indented with the parietal. This anterolateral part of the supraoccipital overhangs the temporal fossa laterally; posteriorly, it does not overhang this fossa (similar to 
<taxonomicName authority="Bisconti, 2006" authorityName="Bisconti" authorityYear="2006" box="[1024,1303,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" genus="Titanocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1024,1140,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Titanocetus</emphasis>
Bisconti, 2006
</taxonomicName>
, but in the latter it also overhangs the temporal fossa posteriorly). The lateral overhanging edge is 
<emphasis box="[1027,1036,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">c</emphasis>
. 
<quantity box="[1050,1129,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
wide as preserved. The anterolaterodorsal extremities (estimated to have been about 
<quantity box="[1378,1455,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
wide) of both the supraoccipital and the parietal broke off and are missing (
<figureCitation box="[940,1000,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">Figs 8</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1011,1038,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">10</figureCitation>
[white lines]). The width of the overhang is thus estimated to have been maximum 
<emphasis box="[1238,1247,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="950">c</emphasis>
. 
<quantity box="[1261,1338,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="950" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
wide origi- nally, based on the orientation and curvature of the preserved surfaces of the lateral supraoccipital and the parietal adjacent to the fracture. The parietal-supraoccipital suture is rough at the level of the overhang; anteriorly, it is deeply indented with a triangular descending V-shaped point (
<figureCitation box="[560,636,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Figs 10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[650,697,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">11A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[708,735,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,924,941]" captionTargetBox="[136,1452,214,883]" captionTargetId="figure-595@19.[763,1320,241,799]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype. Anterolateral view with all preserved sutures indicated (yellow lines). White arrows, narrow posteroventrolateral parietal foramen. d, dorsal; m, medial. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268594/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268596" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268596/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" startId="20.[132,143,946,963]" targetBox="[150,1449,216,904]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph blockId="20.[132,1455,946,986]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">
FIG. 15. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[224,433,946,963]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[224,433,946,963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[439,558,946,963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Medial view without periotic. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1015,1026,946,963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">d</emphasis>
, dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1101,1106,946,963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">l</emphasis>
, lateral; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1178,1189,946,963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">p</emphasis>
, posterior. Stereo image. Scale bars: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="20.[130,777,1044,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">
Anterodorsolaterally on the supraoccipital there is a prominent, broad, oblique crest, running from the central axis in posterolateral direction, roughly parallel to the lateral border of the bone (
<figureCitation box="[275,340,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[241,252,782,799]" captionTargetBox="[137,1457,213,744]" captionTargetId="figure-768@11.[117,1228,203,744]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterodorsal view. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268584/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Figs 8</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[355,383,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,732,749]" captionTargetBox="[147,1436,217,691]" captionTargetId="figure-744@14.[133,794,208,710]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 10. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype: A, sections from right to left at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip, superimposed on an anterolateral view of the neurocranium. B, the same sections, superimposed on a posterodorsal view, from bottom to top at 2, 25, 65, 90, 150 and 190 mm from the anterior tip. Clear blue lines, sections as preserved; dotted clear blue lines, fractures as preserved; white lines, estimated shape of missing parts based on adjacent preserved parts; dotted black lines, estimated shape of the lateral temporal crest dorsal to the base of the zygomatic process. a, anterior; l, lateral. Scale bar: A, not to scale; B, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268586/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">10</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[399,449,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">11A</figureCitation>
). Dorsally, the crest is eroded, polished and obtuse. This crest is quite peculiar and does not, to our knowledge, occur in any other mysticete. Apart from this crest there is no other obvious attachment surface for neck musculature preserved. The preserved part of the supraoccipital has no external occipital crest; the anteromedial part of the supraoccipital is concave (the external occipital crest is missing also in 
<emphasis box="[210,418,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Pelocetus calvertensis</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[472,671,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[472,671,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, contrary to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[161,311,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[161,311,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marx, Lambert &amp; de Muizon" authorityYear="2017" box="[324,408,1555,1580]" class="Mammalia" genus="Tiucetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[324,408,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Tiucetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis box="[421,759,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Steeman" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[421,533,1555,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Uranocetus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[585,759,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiatus">Diorocetus hiatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[132,442,1618,1645]" box="[132,442,1618,1645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">
<heading box="[132,442,1618,1645]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,442,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">
Cranial endocast (
<figureCitation box="[321,433,1618,1644]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="20.[132,143,946,963]" captionStartId-1="21.[132,143,725,742]" captionStartId-2="21.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1449,216,904]" captionTargetBox-1="[144,1444,215,682]" captionTargetBox-2="[136,779,849,1314]" captionTargetId-0="figure-675@20.[780,1424,293,826]" captionTargetId-1="figure-596@21.[143,805,213,683]" captionTargetId-2="graphics-732@21.[207,480,884,1195]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionText-0="FIG. 15. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Medial view without periotic. d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior. Stereo image. Scale bars: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 16. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Lateral stereo view and annotated line draw of the endocast of the right cerebral imprint as preserved. d, dorsal; a, anterior. Grey areas, missing fragments due to fracture. At the right side is the imprint of the frontoparietal lobe. To the left is the protruding imprint of the laterally protruding temporal lobe. Scale bars: 5 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 17. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Cast of the lateral side of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum: interpretation of the surface structures. Antrolateral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal. Bright green line indicates the position of the almost vertical sylvian fissure (the separation between the frontoparietal and the temporal lobe). The wavy violet line in the middle of the lobe indicates the position of the internal parietal-squamosal suture.The black lines indicate terminal branches of the venous sinuses (reasonably large blood vessels); they are crossed by smaller cortical veins (magenta lines). Hatched lines, fracture. Scale bar: 30 mm. (obs. and pers. comm. Dr Yannick Van Ael; MB pers. obs.)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268596" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268598" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268602" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7268596/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7268598/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7268602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Figs 15-17</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[130,777,1650,2030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">
Medioventrally, the imprints of the frontoparietal and the temporal lobes of the cerebrum are clearly visible (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Figs 11C, D</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[170,198,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,946,963]" captionTargetBox="[150,1449,216,904]" captionTargetId="figure-675@20.[780,1424,293,826]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Medial view without periotic. d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior. Stereo image. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268596/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">15</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[214,242,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,725,742]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,215,682]" captionTargetId="figure-596@21.[143,805,213,683]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 16. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Lateral stereo view and annotated line draw of the endocast of the right cerebral imprint as preserved. d, dorsal; a, anterior. Grey areas, missing fragments due to fracture. At the right side is the imprint of the frontoparietal lobe. To the left is the protruding imprint of the laterally protruding temporal lobe. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268598/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">16</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[259,287,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[136,779,849,1314]" captionTargetId="graphics-732@21.[207,480,884,1195]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 17. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Cast of the lateral side of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum: interpretation of the surface structures. Antrolateral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal. Bright green line indicates the position of the almost vertical sylvian fissure (the separation between the frontoparietal and the temporal lobe). The wavy violet line in the middle of the lobe indicates the position of the internal parietal-squamosal suture.The black lines indicate terminal branches of the venous sinuses (reasonably large blood vessels); they are crossed by smaller cortical veins (magenta lines). Hatched lines, fracture. Scale bar: 30 mm. (obs. and pers. comm. Dr Yannick Van Ael; MB pers. obs.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">17</figureCitation>
). Because the internal neurocranium is well preserved and looked different from most neurocrania we know, we decided to make a cranial endocast (see Material and methods). We estimate the volume of the brain between 1500 and 
<quantity box="[239,333,1842,1868]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" unit="cm" value="1800.0">1800 cm</quantity>
3. The imprint of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum is short and deeply excavated (extending about 
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more lateral than the lateral-most point of the frontoparietal lobe). The temporal lobe and the adjacent perisylvian cortex are strongly developed in whales, indicating that the auditory signal processing is important (
<figureCitation box="[478,556,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,725,742]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,215,682]" captionTargetId="figure-596@21.[143,805,213,683]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 16. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Lateral stereo view and annotated line draw of the endocast of the right cerebral imprint as preserved. d, dorsal; a, anterior. Grey areas, missing fragments due to fracture. At the right side is the imprint of the frontoparietal lobe. To the left is the protruding imprint of the laterally protruding temporal lobe. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268598/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
; Ölschläger &amp; Öls-
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[810,1457,1044,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">
chläger 2002: 137, 138). The temporal lobe is anteroposteriorly compressed (foreshortened; 
<bibRefCitation author="MORGANE P. J. &amp; JACOBS M. S. &amp; MC &amp; FARLAND W. L." box="[1113,1330,1076,1103]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref26148" refString="MORGANE P. J., JACOBS M. S. &amp; MC FARLAND W. L. 1980. - The anatomy of the brain of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Surface configurations of the telencephalon of the bottlenose dolphin with comparative anatomical observations in four other cetacean species. Brain Research Bulletin 5: 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0361 - 9230 (80) 90272 - 5" type="journal article" year="1980">
Morgane 
<emphasis box="[1217,1268,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">et al.</emphasis>
1980
</bibRefCitation>
), making it transversely ovoid (L: 
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; H: 
<quantity box="[1167,1247,1108,1135]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
; W: 
<emphasis box="[1293,1302,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">c</emphasis>
. 
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). The top 
<quantity box="[853,930,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
of this lobe are situated in the supraoccipital. The ventral part is situated in the parietal and the squamosal. The suture between the parietal and the squamosal runs over the middle of the temporal lobe, from the left top corner to the right bottom corner (
<figureCitation box="[1049,1128,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,725,742]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,215,682]" captionTargetId="figure-596@21.[143,805,213,683]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 16. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Lateral stereo view and annotated line draw of the endocast of the right cerebral imprint as preserved. d, dorsal; a, anterior. Grey areas, missing fragments due to fracture. At the right side is the imprint of the frontoparietal lobe. To the left is the protruding imprint of the laterally protruding temporal lobe. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268598/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Figs 16</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1144,1172,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[136,779,849,1314]" captionTargetId="graphics-732@21.[207,480,884,1195]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 17. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Cast of the lateral side of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum: interpretation of the surface structures. Antrolateral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal. Bright green line indicates the position of the almost vertical sylvian fissure (the separation between the frontoparietal and the temporal lobe). The wavy violet line in the middle of the lobe indicates the position of the internal parietal-squamosal suture.The black lines indicate terminal branches of the venous sinuses (reasonably large blood vessels); they are crossed by smaller cortical veins (magenta lines). Hatched lines, fracture. Scale bar: 30 mm. (obs. and pers. comm. Dr Yannick Van Ael; MB pers. obs.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">17</figureCitation>
). The surface of the bone near this suture is damaged due to fracturing. It is visible in the stereo-image (
<figureCitation box="[1001,1074,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,725,742]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,215,682]" captionTargetId="figure-596@21.[143,805,213,683]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 16. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Lateral stereo view and annotated line draw of the endocast of the right cerebral imprint as preserved. d, dorsal; a, anterior. Grey areas, missing fragments due to fracture. At the right side is the imprint of the frontoparietal lobe. To the left is the protruding imprint of the laterally protruding temporal lobe. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268598/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) as a diagonal, slightly elevated dark grey strip. The posteroventral part (
<figureCitation box="[1200,1277,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[136,779,849,1314]" captionTargetId="graphics-732@21.[207,480,884,1195]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 17. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Cast of the lateral side of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum: interpretation of the surface structures. Antrolateral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal. Bright green line indicates the position of the almost vertical sylvian fissure (the separation between the frontoparietal and the temporal lobe). The wavy violet line in the middle of the lobe indicates the position of the internal parietal-squamosal suture.The black lines indicate terminal branches of the venous sinuses (reasonably large blood vessels); they are crossed by smaller cortical veins (magenta lines). Hatched lines, fracture. Scale bar: 30 mm. (obs. and pers. comm. Dr Yannick Van Ael; MB pers. obs.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
), just below the centre of the image, which is situated within the squamosal, has a wrinkled surface. The largest tubular imprints are terminal branches of venous sinuses, presumably linked to the inferior anastomotic vein of Labbé (black lines in 
<figureCitation box="[1363,1439,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[136,779,849,1314]" captionTargetId="graphics-732@21.[207,480,884,1195]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 17. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Cast of the lateral side of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum: interpretation of the surface structures. Antrolateral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal. Bright green line indicates the position of the almost vertical sylvian fissure (the separation between the frontoparietal and the temporal lobe). The wavy violet line in the middle of the lobe indicates the position of the internal parietal-squamosal suture.The black lines indicate terminal branches of the venous sinuses (reasonably large blood vessels); they are crossed by smaller cortical veins (magenta lines). Hatched lines, fracture. Scale bar: 30 mm. (obs. and pers. comm. Dr Yannick Van Ael; MB pers. obs.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
), some of which are crossed by fine thread-like superimposed imprints, being terminal branches of smaller cortical veins (magenta lines onFig. 17) (obs. and pers. corr.Dr Yannick Van Ael; MB pers. obs.). At this posterior base of the lobe, surface features are well preserved and more marked than on the rest of the cerebral surface. The anterior side of the temporal lobe and the frontoparietal lobe have a smooth surface, due to the partial ossification of the meninges (
<bibRefCitation author="OLSCHLAGER H. H. A. &amp; OLSCHLAGER J. S." pageId="20" pageNumber="951" pagination="135 - 158" refId="ref26415" refString="OLSCHLAGER H. H. A. &amp; OLSCHLAGER J. S. 2002. - Brain, in PERRIN W. F., WURSIG B. &amp; THEWISSEN J. G. M. (eds), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press, San Diego: 135 - 158." type="book chapter" year="2002">Ölschläger &amp; Ölschläger 2002: 133</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="MARX F. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; UHEN D." box="[945,1189,1778,1804]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" refId="ref25874" refString="MARX F., LAMBERT O. &amp; UHEN D. 2016 b. - Cetacean Paleobiology, in BENTON M. J. (ed.), Topics in Paleobiology. Wiley Blackwell, United Kingdom, 319 p." type="book" year="2016">
Marx 
<emphasis box="[1010,1064,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">et al.</emphasis>
2016b: 81
</bibRefCitation>
); therefore, cortical gyri are not present on the imprint/cast. The curved border on the right side of the temporal lobe (
<figureCitation box="[1201,1277,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[136,779,849,1314]" captionTargetId="graphics-732@21.[207,480,884,1195]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 17. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Cast of the lateral side of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum: interpretation of the surface structures. Antrolateral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal. Bright green line indicates the position of the almost vertical sylvian fissure (the separation between the frontoparietal and the temporal lobe). The wavy violet line in the middle of the lobe indicates the position of the internal parietal-squamosal suture.The black lines indicate terminal branches of the venous sinuses (reasonably large blood vessels); they are crossed by smaller cortical veins (magenta lines). Hatched lines, fracture. Scale bar: 30 mm. (obs. and pers. comm. Dr Yannick Van Ael; MB pers. obs.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268602/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
[top right, green line]) is the sylvian fissure (
<bibRefCitation author="BREATHNACH A. S." box="[1109,1295,1873,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" pagination="343 - 354" refId="ref23541" refString="BREATHNACH A. S. 1955. - The surface features of the brain of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). Journal of Anatomy 89 (3): 343 - 354. https: // www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / pmc / articles / PMC 1244762 / (last accessed march 1 st 2022)." type="journal article" year="1955">Breathnach 1955</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="OLSCHLAGER H. H. A. &amp; OLSCHLAGER J. S." pageId="20" pageNumber="951" pagination="135 - 158" refId="ref26415" refString="OLSCHLAGER H. H. A. &amp; OLSCHLAGER J. S. 2002. - Brain, in PERRIN W. F., WURSIG B. &amp; THEWISSEN J. G. M. (eds), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press, San Diego: 135 - 158." type="book chapter" year="2002">Ölschläger &amp; Ölschläger 2002: 135</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="BISCONTI M. &amp; RICCARDO D. &amp; DAMARCO P. &amp; TARTARELLI G. &amp; PAVIA M. &amp; CARNEVALE G." box="[1044,1256,1905,1931]" pageId="20" pageNumber="951" pagination="78 - 90" refId="ref23316" refString="BISCONTI M., RICCARDO D., DAMARCO P., TARTARELLI G., PAVIA M. &amp; CARNEVALE G. 2021 b. - High encephalization in a fossil rorqual illuminates baleen whale brain evolution. Brain, Behaviour and Evolution 96 (2): 78 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1159 / 000519852" type="journal article" year="2021">
Bisconti 
<emphasis box="[1136,1184,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="951">et al.</emphasis>
2021b
</bibRefCitation>
). The deep imprint of the sylvian fissure ventrally, hints at a sizeable superficial sylvian vein. The rectangular part at the bottom left, below the lobe, is not part of the cranial imprint. It is the medial
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[132,1455,725,788]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">
FIG. 16. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[225,434,725,742]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[225,434,725,742]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[440,561,725,742]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Lateral stereo view and annotated line draw of the endocast of the right cerebral imprint as preserved. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[313,324,748,765]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">d</emphasis>
, dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[397,408,748,765]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">a</emphasis>
, anterior. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[491,587,748,765]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Grey areas</emphasis>
, missing fragments due to fracture. At the right side is the imprint of the frontoparietal lobe. To the left is the protruding imprint of the laterally protruding temporal lobe. Scale bars: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268602/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" startId="21.[132,143,1343,1360]" targetBox="[136,779,849,1314]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph blockId="21.[132,777,1343,1564]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">
FIG. 17. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[226,437,1343,1360]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[226,437,1343,1360]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[443,566,1343,1360]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Cast of the lateral side of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum: interpretation of the surface structures. Antrolateral view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[479,490,1389,1406]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">a</emphasis>
, anterior; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[577,588,1389,1406]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">d</emphasis>
, dorsal. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Bright green line</emphasis>
indicates the position of the almost vertical sylvian fissure (the separation between the frontoparietal and the temporal lobe). The 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[589,724,1434,1451]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">wavy violet line</emphasis>
in the middle of the lobe indicates the position of the internal parietal-squamosal suture.The 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[208,301,1479,1496]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">black lines</emphasis>
indicate terminal branches of the venous sinuses (reasonably large blood vessels); they are crossed by smaller cortical veins (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">magenta lines</emphasis>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[190,312,1525,1542]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Hatched lines</emphasis>
, fracture. Scale bar: 30 mm. (obs. and pers. comm. Dr Yannick Van Ael; MB pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="21.[131,777,1618,1868]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">
surface of the squamosal that connects the fossa for the periotic (just above the lateral side of the anterior process of the periotic) with the fossa for the temporal lobe. The imprint of the frontoparietal lobe is about 
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high and the diagonal length is 
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as preserved. The top 
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are situated in the supraoccipital; the ventral part is completely situated in the parietal. Mediodorsally, internally, there is no indication of a internal central occipital crest (
<figureCitation box="[628,761,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1418,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-25@15.[719,1281,763,1309]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Detailed views of the parietal and the anterior supraoccipital: A, anterodorsal view; B, anterior view; C, ventral view; D, posteromedial view. Dark blue lines, sutures; clear blue lines, sections; dotted magenta lines, zones; black hatched surface, broken surfaces of the parietal. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268588/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Fig. 11C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[132,529,1905,1932]" box="[132,529,1905,1932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">
<heading box="[132,529,1905,1932]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,529,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">
Exoccipital (
<figureCitation box="[261,323,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Figs 4</figureCitation>
A-C; 8; 12; 13; 15)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[131,777,1937,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">
The exoccipital is mediolaterally wide compared to all other BnBB; it is strongly inflated, posterolaterally globose and very rounded (anteroposterior length: 
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at the paroccipital
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[810,1457,853,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">
cavity; 
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laterally, just dorsal to the posterior process of the petrotympanic). The lateral and dorsal border of the exoccipital is poorly defined, as it is almost completely merged with the posterior side of the zygomatic process of the squamosal, hinting at a young adult ontogenetic age. In dorsal view its lateral border is just lateral to the level of the medial base of the zygomatic process.This lateral part consists of spongy bone with a low compactness (
<emphasis box="[1016,1025,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">c</emphasis>
. 0.41; 
<tableCitation box="[1092,1167,1076,1102]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Table 4</tableCitation>
). The exoccipital is tapering at the lateral side, dorsal to the posterior process of the petrotympanic.The posterior process of the petrotympanic is laterally confluent with the exoccipital border and it is surrounded by the exoccipital dorsally, posteriorly and posteroventrally. This suture is also merging dorsally, where it is difficult to observe. Ventrally, the jugular notch and the paroccipital concavity are partially preserved. Only the lateral part of the jugular notch is preserved over 
<emphasis box="[992,1001,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">c</emphasis>
. 
<quantity box="[1015,1093,1331,1358]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
(posteriorly). The anteroposterior length of the exoccipital is 
<emphasis box="[1099,1108,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">c</emphasis>
. 
<quantity box="[1123,1201,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
at the level of the jugular notch, the surface of which is only slightly concave. The jugular notch is laterally constricted by a 
<quantity box="[1267,1347,1427,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
wide and 
<quantity box="[814,913,1459,1486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" unit="mm" value="38.5">38.5 mm</quantity>
long robust crest, running over the entire length of the exoccipital, that separates it from the paroccipital concavity. The ventral edge of this crest is missing due to erosion. The jugular notch widens anteriorly, approaching the posterior cranial hiatus, and reaches 
<emphasis box="[1112,1120,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">c</emphasis>
. 
<quantity box="[1135,1216,1587,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
there, but due to the fracture of the anteromedial part, the real shape can only be estimated.The surface of the jugular notch is strongly inclined in anterodorsal-posteroventral direction (
<emphasis box="[1257,1266,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">c</emphasis>
. 30° with respect to the horizontal plane) (
<figureCitation box="[1091,1169,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). The bone of the jugular notch is spongy, with a compactness of 
<emphasis box="[1238,1247,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">c</emphasis>
. 0.48 (
<tableCitation box="[1326,1406,1746,1772]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Table 4</tableCitation>
). As the jugular notch is adjacent to the occipital condyle, we can roughly estimate the bicondylar width at 
<emphasis box="[1264,1273,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">c</emphasis>
. 
<quantity box="[1288,1452,1809,1836]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" unit="mm" value="160.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="150.0">150 - 170 mm</quantity>
. The condyles must have been relatively smaller than in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marx, Lambert &amp; de Muizon" authorityYear="2017" class="Mammalia" genus="Tiucetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Tiucetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but larger than in 
<emphasis box="[1058,1149,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Pelocetus</emphasis>
and probably similar in size to those of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Steeman" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[927,1042,1906,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[927,1042,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Uranocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[1058,1197,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1310,1327]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,215,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-335@9.[132,1455,211,1281]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype and some closely related species. Line drawings in dorsal view, on the same scale. a, anterior; rl, right lateral. A, Isanacetus laticephalus MFM 28501, holotype; B, ‘Balaenoptera’ ryani CASG 1733, MFM 28501; C, Pelocetus calvertensis USNM 11976, holotype; D, Atlanticetus patulus USNM 23690, holotype; E, Morenocetus parvus MPL 5-11, holotype; F, Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype (original: right, purple-grey side; mirrored: left, green side); G, Tiucetus rosae MNHN.F.PPI261, holotype; H, ‘Diorocetus’ chichibuensis SMNH- VeF-68, holotype; I, ‘Diorocetus’ shobarensis HMN-F00005, holotype; J, Uranocetus gramensis MSM p 813, holotype; K, Parietobalaena palmeri USNM 10668, holotype; L, USNM 16119, referred specimen; M, Diorocetus hiatus USNM 16783, holotype. Scale bar 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268580/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Fig. 7C, F, G</figureCitation>
). The paroccipital cavity is weakly excavated. Its shape is not clear due to erosion, but the concavity was at least 
<quantity box="[1079,1156,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
long at its longest point and about 
<quantity box="[880,959,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="952" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
wide posteriorly, at its widest point (
<figureCitation box="[1361,1437,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="952">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268604" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268604/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="953" startId="22.[132,143,1986,2003]" targetBox="[156,1448,216,1848]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph blockId="22.[132,1457,1986,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">
FIG. 18. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[222,429,1986,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="953" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[222,429,1986,2003]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[433,549,1986,2003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293,holotype.Right periotic: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[876,889,1986,2003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">A</emphasis>
, ventral view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1007,1020,1986,2003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">B</emphasis>
, dorsal view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1134,1148,1986,2003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">C</emphasis>
, posteromedial view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1329,1343,1986,2003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">D</emphasis>
, medial view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,143,2008,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">a</emphasis>
, anterior; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[227,238,2008,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">d</emphasis>
, dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[311,316,2008,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">l</emphasis>
, lateral; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[387,404,2008,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">m</emphasis>
, medial; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[480,491,2008,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">p</emphasis>
, posterior; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[587,603,2008,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="953">pl</emphasis>
, posterolateral. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268608/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" startId="23.[132,143,1083,1100]" targetBox="[152,1449,216,1042]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph blockId="23.[132,1457,1083,1123]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">
FIG. 19. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[222,430,1083,1100]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[222,430,1083,1100]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[435,552,1083,1100]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[880,892,1083,1100]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">E</emphasis>
, posterior view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1030,1041,1083,1100]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">F</emphasis>
, lateroventral view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1207,1218,1083,1100]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">a</emphasis>
, anterior; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1301,1312,1083,1100]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">d</emphasis>
, dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1384,1389,1083,1100]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">l</emphasis>
, lateral. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="23.[132,516,1204,1230]" box="[132,516,1204,1230]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">
<heading box="[132,516,1204,1230]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,516,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">
Periotic (
<figureCitation box="[226,304,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1004,1021]" captionTargetBox="[139,1443,216,960]" captionTargetId="figure-294@7.[133,1455,203,979]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view;E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed);F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place).Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268566/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Figs 4F</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[316,344,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">12</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[358,386,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">13</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[400,465,1204,1230]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="22.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionStartId-1="23.[132,143,1083,1100]" captionStartId-2="24.[191,202,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1448,216,1848]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1449,216,1042]" captionTargetBox-2="[155,1432,215,1030]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@22.[672,1119,290,1034]" captionTargetId-1="figure-530@23.[772,1136,267,965]" captionTargetId-2="figure-552@24.[503,1092,213,757]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionText-0="FIG. 18. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype.Right periotic: A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, posteromedial view; D, medial view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial; p, posterior; pl, posterolateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 19. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic: E, posterior view; F, lateroventral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 20. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic in situ in squamosal.Light blue line, burrow. Ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268604" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268608" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268610" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7268604/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7268608/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7268610/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">18-20</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[479,507,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[814,824,632,649]" captionTargetBox="[828,1438,217,590]" captionTargetId="figure-627@26.[812,1455,200,605]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 22. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Periotic, lateral view (anterior to the right): additions in purple-grey; right purple-grey spot, reconstruction of the broken anterior process (maximum size possible); middle purple-grey spot, the addition of the fragment of the lateral side of the anterior process that is still attached to the squamosal; left purple-grey spot, addition of the fragment of the lateral tuberosity that is still attached to the squamosal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268616/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">22</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[130,777,1236,1804]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">
In mysticetes, the periotic often gives an important indication of the species’ overall taxonomic affinities (
<bibRefCitation author="STEEMAN M." box="[543,692,1268,1294]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref27167" refString="STEEMAN M. 2010. - The extinct baleen whale fauna from the Miocene-Pliocene of Belgium and the diagnostic cetacean ear bones. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8 (1): 63 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772011003594961" type="journal article" year="2010">Steeman 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="EKDALE E. G. &amp; BERTA A. &amp; DEMERE T. A." pageId="23" pageNumber="954" pagination="21311" refId="ref24432" refString="EKDALE E. G., BERTA A. &amp; DEMERE T. A. 2011. - The Comparative Osteology of the Petrotympanic Complex (Ear Region) of Extant Baleen whales (Cetacea, Mysticeti). Plos One 6: e 21311. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0021311" type="journal article" year="2011">
Ekdale 
<emphasis box="[132,183,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). The periotic of 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[433,688,1299,1326]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[433,688,1299,1326]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="23" pageNumber="954" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
closely resembles that of 
<emphasis box="[465,673,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Pelocetus calvertensis</emphasis>
and, to a lesser extent, that of 
<taxonomicName box="[345,543,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[345,543,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It resembles 
<emphasis box="[686,775,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Pelocetus</emphasis>
in having a generally inflated aspect, having a strong and wide, dorsally protruding tuberosity, continuously running over the whole dorsal surface of the pars petrosa (H: 
<quantity box="[600,683,1459,1485]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
). It continues (somewhat less inflated) over the anterior process (H: 
<quantity box="[134,215,1523,1549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
). The lateral tuberosity is relatively small compared to the overall volume of the periotic. This process appears bladelike in the images, but it should be noted that a spherical dorsal part that belongs to it, is still attached to the ventral side of the squamosal (the circumference of which is marked with a dashed line inFig. 18A, B. The full extent of this lateral process can be judged from the reconstruction in (
<figureCitation box="[572,645,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[814,824,632,649]" captionTargetBox="[828,1438,217,590]" captionTargetId="figure-627@26.[812,1455,200,605]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 22. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Periotic, lateral view (anterior to the right): additions in purple-grey; right purple-grey spot, reconstruction of the broken anterior process (maximum size possible); middle purple-grey spot, the addition of the fragment of the lateral side of the anterior process that is still attached to the squamosal; left purple-grey spot, addition of the fragment of the lateral tuberosity that is still attached to the squamosal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268616/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
[purple-grey spot at the left]). The lateral tuberosity is positioned very far posteriorly, at the level of the fenestra vestibuli (oval window).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[132,396,1842,1868]" box="[132,396,1842,1868]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">
<heading box="[132,396,1842,1868]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,396,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">
Pars petrosa (
<figureCitation box="[269,345,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[156,1448,216,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[672,1119,290,1034]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 18. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype.Right periotic: A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, posteromedial view; D, medial view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial; p, posterior; pl, posterolateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268604/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Figs 18</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[359,387,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1083,1100]" captionTargetBox="[152,1449,216,1042]" captionTargetId="figure-530@23.[772,1136,267,965]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 19. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic: E, posterior view; F, lateroventral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268608/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">19</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[132,776,1873,2028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">
The pars petrosa is mediolaterally wide (W: 
<quantity box="[622,703,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
at the level of the lateral process), and especially wide compared to 
<taxonomicName box="[132,373,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmeri">
<emphasis box="[132,373,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Parietobalaena palmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[389,577,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Heterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis box="[389,577,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Heterocetus affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Cephalotropis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nectus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Cephalotropis nectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[211,308,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1083,1100]" captionTargetBox="[152,1449,216,1042]" captionTargetId="figure-530@23.[772,1136,267,965]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 19. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic: E, posterior view; F, lateroventral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268608/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Fig. 19E</figureCitation>
). A 
<emphasis box="[354,363,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">c</emphasis>
. 
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long part of the anterior process is missing. The preserved length of the anterior process,
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[811,1457,1204,1867]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">
anterior to the mallear fossa, is 
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, so originally it must have been about 
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long (
<figureCitation box="[1125,1197,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[814,824,632,649]" captionTargetBox="[828,1438,217,590]" captionTargetId="figure-627@26.[812,1455,200,605]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 22. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Periotic, lateral view (anterior to the right): additions in purple-grey; right purple-grey spot, reconstruction of the broken anterior process (maximum size possible); middle purple-grey spot, the addition of the fragment of the lateral side of the anterior process that is still attached to the squamosal; left purple-grey spot, addition of the fragment of the lateral tuberosity that is still attached to the squamosal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268616/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
[right purple-grey spot]). Ventrodorsally it is very high (about 
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anteriorly). The length of the periotic as preserved is 
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(anterolateral process till posterior cochlear crest). The original length is estimated to have been 
<emphasis box="[1057,1066,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">c</emphasis>
. 
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. The periotic is medially and anteromedially hypertrophied, dorsal and anterodorsal to the dorsal vestibular area. This 
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of bone growth is often due to aging (ontogenetic hypertrophy), indicating the specimen is certainly a young adult at least. At the dorsal side, the dorsal tuberosity is reminiscent of that in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being anteroposteriorly elongated (L: 
<emphasis box="[1309,1318,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">c</emphasis>
. 
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; W: 
<emphasis box="[811,820,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">c</emphasis>
. 
<quantity box="[838,921,1587,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
) and inflated, its dorsal surface being irregularly rippled and bumped, without a clear crest. Anteromedially, on the pars petrosa (anteromedial to the promontorium), there is an anteromedially oriented, ventrodorsally thick, relatively long and slender, pointed anteromedial process (
<figureCitation box="[1350,1428,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[156,1448,216,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[672,1119,290,1034]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 18. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype.Right periotic: A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, posteromedial view; D, medial view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial; p, posterior; pl, posterolateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268604/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
A- D), about 
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wide (anteromedial to the dorsal bulge); 
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long anteromedial to the anteromedial corner of the promontorium and 
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thick (apparently as a result of ontogenetic secondary bone growth also).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[813,948,1905,1931]" box="[813,948,1905,1931]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">
<heading box="[813,948,1905,1931]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="954" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[813,948,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">Mallear fossa</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[813,1455,1937,2028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">
The mallear fossa is poorly defined and has a somewhat rough surface (
<emphasis box="[974,983,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="954">c</emphasis>
. 
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wide). It is situated just posterior to the anterior pedicle. Medial to this surface, there is a narrow
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268610" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268610" box="[191,1398,1070,1087]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268610/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" startId="24.[191,202,1070,1087]" targetBox="[155,1432,215,1030]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph blockId="24.[191,1398,1070,1087]" box="[191,1398,1070,1087]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">
FIG. 20. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[280,482,1070,1087]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[280,482,1070,1087]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[487,602,1070,1087]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic 
<emphasis box="[921,969,1070,1087]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">in situ</emphasis>
in squamosal. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1092,1215,1070,1087]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Light blue line</emphasis>
, burrow. Ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="24.[131,776,1140,1294]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">
(L: 
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; W: 
<quantity box="[311,404,1140,1166]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
), relatively deep and well-defined incudal fossa, discernible just lateral to the base of the lateral (distal) facial canal, medially and posteriorly constricted by a clear steep crest (
<figureCitation box="[329,426,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[156,1448,216,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[672,1119,290,1034]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 18. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype.Right periotic: A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, posteromedial view; D, medial view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial; p, posterior; pl, posterolateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268604/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Figs 18A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[436,481,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1083,1100]" captionTargetBox="[152,1449,216,1042]" captionTargetId="figure-530@23.[772,1136,267,965]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 19. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic: E, posterior view; F, lateroventral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268608/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">19F</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[492,520,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[191,202,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,215,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-552@24.[503,1092,213,757]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 20. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic in situ in squamosal.Light blue line, burrow. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268610/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">20</figureCitation>
). This fossa is similar to the one in 
<taxonomicName box="[249,453,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[249,453,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but narrower.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[132,632,1331,1357]" box="[132,632,1331,1357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">
<heading box="[132,632,1331,1357]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,632,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Compound posterior process of the petrotympanic</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[130,777,1363,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">
The compound posterior process of the petrotympanic (hereafter posterior process) is mediolaterally wide (long), slender and rod-like. Laterally the posterior process widens a bit to become slightly inflated and sub-rectangular (
<figureCitation box="[635,715,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Figs 13</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[731,759,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[262,273,694,711]" captionTargetBox="[146,1456,216,655]" captionTargetId="figure-583@25.[124,975,236,630]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 21. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterior view. d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm. TABLE 6. — Measurements of periotic foramina in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268612/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">21</figureCitation>
). But its lateroventral border lacks a flange or other protrusions (
<figureCitation box="[141,217,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Figs 12</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[229,257,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[191,202,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,215,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-552@24.[503,1092,213,757]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 20. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic in situ in squamosal.Light blue line, burrow. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268610/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">20</figureCitation>
). Posterodorsal to the EAM, dorsal and far lateral to the lateral end of the posterior process, the postmeatal crest forms a deep, prominent, well-defined canal for the transit of the facial nerve laterally (
<figureCitation box="[431,507,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[130,777,1363,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">
Medially, the contact surface between the pars petrosa and the posterior process is large, measuring 26 × 
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, and roughly semi-circular, the circular side pointing dorsally. In ventral view, the ventral surface of the posterior process shows a narrow cusp posteriorly, for the transit of the facial nerve, that is anteriorly bounded by a weak, elliptical anteroventral flange (
<emphasis box="[213,265,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="MARX F. &amp; BOSSELAERS M. &amp; LOUWYE S." box="[273,511,1841,1868]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" pagination="1572" refId="ref25821" refString="MARX F., BOSSELAERS M. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2016 a. - A new species of Metopocetus (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Cetotheriidae) from the Late Miocene of the Netherlands. PeerJ 4: e 1572. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 1572" type="journal article" year="2016">
Marx 
<emphasis box="[339,391,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">et al.</emphasis>
2016a: 16
</bibRefCitation>
). It is 
<emphasis box="[582,599,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">c.</emphasis>
<quantity box="[605,685,1842,1868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
wide, 
<emphasis box="[759,776,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">c.</emphasis>
<quantity box="[132,233,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="11.7">11.7 mm</quantity>
long and 
<emphasis box="[347,364,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">c.</emphasis>
<quantity box="[370,437,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
high. Anteriorly, this groove is defined by a robust and distinct upright crest delimiting the lateral facial canal. The groove for the facial nerve disappears more laterally (
<figureCitation box="[297,374,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[262,273,694,711]" captionTargetBox="[146,1456,216,655]" captionTargetId="figure-583@25.[124,975,236,630]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 21. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterior view. d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm. TABLE 6. — Measurements of periotic foramina in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268612/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Medially, on its posterior edge, the posterior process has an elongated, mediolaterally oriented,
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[810,1458,1140,1645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">
kidney-shaped posterior pedicle that contacts the tympanic bulla. The anterior and posterior pedicles to contact the tympanic bulla are closely separated (about 
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), hinting at a small (anteroposteriorly short) tympanic bulla (
<tableCitation box="[1290,1364,1236,1262]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[133,178,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype. Measurements (in mm) of the cranium, the periotic and the bulla tympani. Abbreviations: e, estimate; ee, rough estimate; m, measurement; H, height; W, width; (List after Marx 2017; adapted)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" tableUuid="E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4">Table 1</tableCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1376,1448,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Figs 12</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[813,841,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[191,202,1070,1087]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,215,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-552@24.[503,1092,213,757]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 20. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic in situ in squamosal.Light blue line, burrow. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268610/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">20</figureCitation>
), possibly similar to that of 
<taxonomicName box="[1145,1428,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campiniana">
<emphasis box="[1145,1428,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Parietobalaena campiniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[810,1458,1140,1645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">
The shape of the dorsal pars petrosa and of the anterior process and the long, straight and slender posterior process, with just a simple anteroventral flange medially and no protrusions laterally, indicate a close relationship to some BnBBmysticetes, such as 
<emphasis box="[1020,1111,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Pelocetus</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Steeman" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1125,1240,1428,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1125,1240,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Uranocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" box="[1293,1447,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1293,1447,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[810,1458,1140,1645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">
Lateroventrally on the posterior process, centrally in the concave depression, there is an elongated tube-like structure. This structure is an ichnofossil, made of very hardened sediment. It is probably a burrow (L: 
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; W: 
<emphasis box="[1249,1257,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">c</emphasis>
. 
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), though no clear openings or surface structures are present to confirm this (
<figureCitation box="[868,932,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[235,246,778,795]" captionTargetId="figure-730@12.[146,1198,241,644]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Anteroventral view. a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268644/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Figs 9</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[946,974,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[142,1445,216,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-210@16.[270,828,760,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268590/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">12</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[988,1016,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[322,333,959,976]" captionTargetBox="[143,1453,214,920]" captionTargetId="figure-551@18.[785,1159,242,921]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterolateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268592/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[813,1119,1682,1708]" box="[813,1119,1682,1708]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">
<heading box="[813,1119,1682,1708]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[813,1119,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">Anterior process of the periotic</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[812,1457,1714,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="955">
The anterior process occupies the anterolateral, lateral and anterodorsal borders of the cranial hiatus. It was probably anteroposteriorly short. Anteriorly, the process is damaged: a 
<quantity box="[831,912,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
thick flange has broken off. The posterior side of the pseudoval foramen anteriorly limits the possible length of the missing part to maximum 
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, thus limiting the maximum original length of the complete anterior process to maximum 
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. Posterolaterally, almost adjacent to the posterior process, is a small (diameter about 
<quantity box="[1358,1445,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="24" pageNumber="955" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
), rounded, lateral tuberosity. It appears as blade-like in the
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268612/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" startId="25.[262,273,694,711]" targetBox="[146,1456,216,655]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph blockId="25.[262,1327,694,809]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
FIG. 21. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[352,560,694,711]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[352,560,694,711]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[565,683,694,711]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Posterior view. 
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, dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1103,1108,694,711]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">l</emphasis>
, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm. TABLE 6. — Measurements of periotic foramina in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<table box="[134,1425,868,999]" gridcols="8" gridrows="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<tr box="[134,1425,868,888]" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th box="[266,412,868,888]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[279,399,868,888]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">endocranial</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[461,561,868,888]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[477,543,868,888]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Dorsal</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[972,1077,868,888]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[980,1069,868,888]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Fenestra</emphasis>
</th>
<th box="[1151,1240,868,888]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1151,1240,868,888]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Fenestra</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1425,894,914]" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[266,412,894,914]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[266,412,894,914]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">opening of the</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[461,561,894,914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[461,561,894,914]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">vestibular</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[634,730,894,914]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[636,728,894,914]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Cochlear</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[798,908,894,914]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[798,908,894,914]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Verstibular</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[972,1077,894,914]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[979,1071,894,914]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">cochleae</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1151,1240,894,914]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1154,1239,894,914]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">vestibuli</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1310,1425,894,914]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1332,1403,894,914]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Lateral</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1425,919,939]" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[266,412,919,939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[281,397,919,939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">facial canal</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[461,561,919,939]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[488,533,919,939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">area</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[634,730,919,939]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[634,730,919,939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">aqueduct</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[798,908,919,939]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[806,902,919,939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">aqueduct</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[972,1077,919,939]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[972,1077,919,939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">(rontunda)</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1151,1240,919,939]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1160,1232,919,939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">(ovalis)</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[1310,1425,919,939]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1310,1425,919,939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">facial canal</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1425,955,975]" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<th box="[134,185,955,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">H</th>
<td box="[266,412,955,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">4.3</td>
<td box="[461,561,955,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">6.9</td>
<td box="[634,730,955,975]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">9.4</td>
<td box="[798,908,955,975]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">7.1</td>
<td box="[972,1077,955,975]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">2.9</td>
<td box="[1151,1240,955,975]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">2.6</td>
<td box="[1310,1425,955,975]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[134,1425,979,999]" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<th box="[134,185,979,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">W / L</th>
<td box="[266,412,979,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">9.3</td>
<td box="[461,561,979,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">6.9</td>
<td box="[634,730,979,999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">1.6</td>
<td box="[798,908,979,999]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">1.8</td>
<td box="[972,1077,979,999]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">7.0</td>
<td box="[1151,1240,979,999]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">5.2</td>
<td box="[1310,1425,979,999]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">3.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[130,777,1076,1644]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
posterior view (
<figureCitation box="[301,397,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1083,1100]" captionTargetBox="[152,1449,216,1042]" captionTargetId="figure-530@23.[772,1136,267,965]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 19. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic: E, posterior view; F, lateroventral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268608/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Fig. 19E</figureCitation>
), but is in fact inflated, globular, as the dorsal part of the process broke off and is still embedded in the sediment on the ventral border of the squamosal (H: 
<quantity box="[180,266,1172,1198]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation box="[293,373,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[814,824,632,649]" captionTargetBox="[828,1438,217,590]" captionTargetId="figure-627@26.[812,1455,200,605]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 22. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Periotic, lateral view (anterior to the right): additions in purple-grey; right purple-grey spot, reconstruction of the broken anterior process (maximum size possible); middle purple-grey spot, the addition of the fragment of the lateral side of the anterior process that is still attached to the squamosal; left purple-grey spot, addition of the fragment of the lateral tuberosity that is still attached to the squamosal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268616/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
[left purple-grey spot]). Anterior to the lateral tuberosity, there is a 
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deep fossa for the lateral facial nerve (Table 6). More anteriorly, a fragment of the lateral border of the anterior process has broken off and is also still attached to the squamosal body. Therefore, the lateral side is slightly convex (
<figureCitation box="[518,599,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[814,824,632,649]" captionTargetBox="[828,1438,217,590]" captionTargetId="figure-627@26.[812,1455,200,605]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 22. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Periotic, lateral view (anterior to the right): additions in purple-grey; right purple-grey spot, reconstruction of the broken anterior process (maximum size possible); middle purple-grey spot, the addition of the fragment of the lateral side of the anterior process that is still attached to the squamosal; left purple-grey spot, addition of the fragment of the lateral tuberosity that is still attached to the squamosal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268616/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
[central purplegrey spot]); the ventral surface is flattened. Anterior to the promontorium, the anterior process bears a distinct groove to accommodate the tensor tympani muscle, separating the pars cochlearis clearly from the anterior process. The anterior pedicle for the bulla contact is slender, anteroposteriorly short and circular (about 
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diameter; 
<tableCitation box="[626,708,1523,1549]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[133,178,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype. Measurements (in mm) of the cranium, the periotic and the bulla tympani. Abbreviations: e, estimate; ee, rough estimate; m, measurement; H, height; W, width; (List after Marx 2017; adapted)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" tableUuid="E3976655F16AFFA78DB0FF1CF217FEB4">Table 1</tableCitation>
). It is positioned far posteriorly, just in front of the lateral process and the mallear fossa (and thus about 
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anterior to the fenestra vestibuli).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[132,280,1682,1708]" box="[132,280,1682,1708]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<heading box="[132,280,1682,1708]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" reason="8">
<emphasis box="[132,280,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Pars cochlearis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[131,776,1714,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
The fenestra vestibuli is sub-circular and small (L: 4.5 and H: 
<emphasis box="[168,177,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">c</emphasis>
. 
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). The promontorium (pars cochlearis) is equally small and not inflated, being about 
<quantity box="[525,605,1778,1804]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
high (dorsal to the fenestra vestibuli) and about 
<quantity box="[486,564,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
long, including the long, shelf-like posterior cochlear crest. Dorsal to the latter, there is a high but anteroposteriorly short stylomastoid fossa; mediolaterally wide, posteriorly restricted by the compound posterior process and dorsally not roofed. Ventrally, there is a prominent promontorial groove (L: 
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; at less than 
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from the lateral border; H: 
<quantity box="[521,612,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
). The promon-
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[813,1455,1076,1135]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
torium is mediolaterally strongly restricted (
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wide, ventral to the promontorial groove).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[811,1458,1172,2028]" lastBlockId="26.[130,777,215,561]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="957" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
<emphasis box="[813,1453,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">
Cranial foramina of the pars cochlearis (
<figureCitation box="[1227,1355,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[156,1448,216,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[672,1119,290,1034]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 18. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293,holotype.Right periotic: A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, posteromedial view; D, medial view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial; p, posterior; pl, posterolateral. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268604/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Fig. 18C, D</figureCitation>
; Table 6)
</emphasis>
The dorsal vestibular area and the endocranial opening of the facial canal are separated by a thin transverse crest (
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wide). The endocranial opening of the facial canal is oval and big (almost as big as the dorsal vestibular area) and tapers anteriorly to make it appear tear-shaped. The dorsal vestibular area is circular. The foramen for the vestibular aqueduct (endolymphatic foramen) runs vertical and is slit-like, as well as that for the cochlear aqueduct (perilymphatic foramen). The dorsal vestibular area, the endocranial opening of the facial canal and the cochlear aqueduct are aligned, the vestibular aqueduct being slightly more dorsal. This configuration is exceptional for this 
<typeStatus box="[1130,1176,1555,1581]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">type</typeStatus>
of basal BnBB (diameter dorsal vestibular area: 
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; endocranial opening of the facial canal: W: 
<quantity box="[986,1076,1618,1645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
, H: 
<quantity box="[1124,1213,1618,1645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
; H cochlear aqueduct: 
<quantity box="[813,902,1650,1677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
, H vestibular aqueduct: 
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; both slit-like and vertical; Table 6). The fenestra cochlearis (fenestra rotunda) is sub-rectangular and strongly compressed mediolaterally. The cranial openings differ from 
<taxonomicName box="[1104,1291,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[1104,1255,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Heterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">Heterocetus affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by being aligned, whereas they form a equilateral triangle in the latter species; moreover, both the cochlear aqueduct and the endocranial opening of the facial canal are slit-like in the latter species. Dorsal to the dorsal vestibular area, the pars cochlearis has a strong, hypertrophied process posteromedially (= process of tegmen tympani of 
<bibRefCitation author="LUO Z. - X. &amp; GINGERICH P. D." box="[1206,1454,1937,1964]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref25679" refString="LUO Z. - X. &amp; GINGERICH P. D. 1999. - Terrestrial Mesonychia to aquatic Cetacea: transformation of the basicranium and evolution of hearing in whales. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 31: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1999">Luo &amp; Gingerich 1999</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="EKDALE E. G. &amp; BERTA A. &amp; DEMERE T. A." box="[860,1056,1969,1995]" pageId="25" pageNumber="956" pagination="21311" refId="ref24432" refString="EKDALE E. G., BERTA A. &amp; DEMERE T. A. 2011. - The Comparative Osteology of the Petrotympanic Complex (Ear Region) of Extant Baleen whales (Cetacea, Mysticeti). Plos One 6: e 21311. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0021311" type="journal article" year="2011">
Ekdale 
<emphasis box="[941,993,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="956">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). This extensive medial bone growth indicates we almost certainly deal with a nearly adult speci- men, even though it must be noted that the frontal was not completely merged to the parietal and also the anterior part of the parietal-squamosal suture was not merged. There is no hole anterodorsal to the endocranial opening of the facial canal and there are no other holes in the dorsal part of the periotic. The cranial openings differ from 
<taxonomicName box="[571,773,375,401]" class="Mammalia" genus="Atlanticetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis box="[571,773,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Atlanticetus patulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the vestibular aqueduct being rounded in the latter and the endocranial opening of the facial canal being circular rather than tear shaped. In addition, the vestibular aqueduct, the dorsal vestibular area and the endocranial opening of the facial canal are not aligned in the latter (
<bibRefCitation author="STEEMAN M." box="[497,694,534,561]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref27167" refString="STEEMAN M. 2010. - The extinct baleen whale fauna from the Miocene-Pliocene of Belgium and the diagnostic cetacean ear bones. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8 (1): 63 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772011003594961" type="journal article" year="2010">Steeman 2010: 66</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="26.[130,777,598,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">
SOME NOTES ON PACHYOSTOSIS, OSTEOSCLEROSIS, BONE EXPANSION AND BONE COMPACTNESS IN THE NEUROCRANIUM OF 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[348,505,662,687]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="N. GEN.">
<emphasis box="[348,505,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">PERSUFFLATIUS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[512,594,662,688]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" rank="genus">N. GEN.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation box="[610,730,661,688]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="26.[813,824,1545,1562]" captionStartId-1="27.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionStartId-2="28.[813,824,987,1004]" captionTargetBox-0="[825,1430,836,1425]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1451,180,1845]" captionTargetBox-2="[812,1459,208,965]" captionTargetId-0="figure-712@26.[814,1455,819,1328]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@27.[699,1265,791,1358]" captionTargetId-2="figure-813@28.[807,1367,198,761]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionText-0="FIG. 23. — Anteroventral (left) and posterodorsal (right) views of Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., with a schematic indication of expanded (‘inflated’) regions (compared to the neurocranium of Pelocetus, Uranocetus and Piscobalaena). Note the sub-triangular ventral squamosal fossa (1), with a strong ventrally protruding wall (D) and the wide,rounded dorsal squamosal fossa (2). A, dense mediodorsal parietal; B, dense anterodorsal supraoccipital; C, layered anteromedioventral squamosal body; D, inflated ventral squamosal wall; E, inflated and laterally expanded anterior surface of the postglenoid process; F, inflated and laterally expanded posterolateral postglenoid process;G, inflated laterodorsal squamosal and posterolaterodorsal zygomatic process;H, inflated and mediolaterally expanded exoccipital. Scale bars: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 24. — Series of bone samples of the neurocranium of the holotype (MAB 010293), showing some different bone structures. Left, neurocranium of holotype: A, anterior view; B, posterior to posterodorsal view; C, posterodorsal view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; m, medial; l, lateral. Magenta ovals show positions where the bone samples were taken. Scale bar: 10 cm exept photos of the bone samples (on the right), to the same scale (10 mm)." captionText-2="FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: A, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; B, pterygoid-squamosal suture;compactness:0.631;C, anteroventral squamosal border;compactness: 0.594; D, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; E, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; F, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; G, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: G1, top: 0.808; G2, middle: 0.509; G3, bottom: 0.775; H, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; I, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using ‘Bone ProfileR’ (Girondot &amp; Laurin 2003). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268620" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268622" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268624" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7268620/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7268622/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7268624/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">FIGS 23-25</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation box="[132,224,693,720]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Tables 4</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation box="[238,252,693,720]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[131,178,220,237]" captionTargetId="graphics-443@17.[132,1455,805,830]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. — A, B, Comparison of Persufflatius n. gen. with some other mysticetes: A, measurements; B, values relative to bizygomatic width. All measurements in mm. Abbreviations: EAM, extarnal auditory meatus; H, height; L, length; W, width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F171FFBC8DB6FF1BF55FFEB4" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" tableUuid="E3976655F171FFBC8DB6FF1BF55FFEB4">5</tableCitation>
; APPENDIX 2)
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268616" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268616/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" startId="26.[814,824,632,649]" targetBox="[828,1438,217,590]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph blockId="26.[813,1457,632,785]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">
FIG. 22. — 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[906,1117,632,649]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[906,1117,632,649]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1124,1246,632,649]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, MAB 010293, holotype. Periotic, lateral view (anterior to the right): 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1182,1401,655,672]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">additions in purple-grey</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">right purple-grey spot</emphasis>
, reconstruction of the broken anterior process (maximum size possible); 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[937,1152,700,717]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">middle purple-grey spot</emphasis>
, the addition of the fragment of the lateral side of the anterior process that is still attached to the squamosal; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,993,745,762]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">left purple-grey spot</emphasis>
, addition of the fragment of the lateral tuberosity that is still attached to the squamosal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="26.[130,777,598,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">
Non-pathological pachyosteosclerosis often occurs in postcranial bones during early stages of adaption to life in water of secondarily aquatic tetrapods, such as the ribs in basilosaurids; this condition is typified by dense and inflated bone (
<bibRefCitation author="DE BUFFRENIL V. &amp; DE RICQLES A. &amp; RAY C. E. &amp; DOMNING D. P." pageId="26" pageNumber="957" pagination="455 - 466" refId="ref23771" refString="DE BUFFRENIL V., DE RICQLES A., RAY C. E. &amp; DOMNING D. P. 1990. - Bone histology of the ribs of the archaeocetes (Mammalia, Cetacea). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10: 455 - 466. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1990.10011828" type="journal article" year="1990">
de Buffrénil 
<emphasis box="[236,289,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="DE BUFFRENIL V. &amp; LAMBERT O." box="[367,692,853,879]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" pagination="45 - 56" refId="ref23716" refString="DE BUFFRENIL V. &amp; LAMBERT O. 2011. - Histology and growth pattern of the pachy-osteosclerotic premaxillae of the fossil beaked whale Aporotus recurvirostris (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti). Geobios 44: 45 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2010.09.001" type="journal article" year="2011">de Buffrénil &amp; Lambert 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="HOUSSAYE A. &amp; TAFFOREAU P. &amp; MUIZON C. DE &amp; GINGERICH P. D." pageId="26" pageNumber="957" pagination="0118409" refId="ref24765" refString="HOUSSAYE A., TAFFOREAU P., MUIZON C. DE &amp; GINGERICH P. D. 2015. - Transition of Eocene whales from land to sea: evidence from bone microstructure. Plos One 10: e 0118409. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0118409" type="journal article" year="2015">
Houssaye 
<emphasis box="[184,236,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="VAN VLIET H. J. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; BOSSELAERS M. &amp; SCHULP A. S. &amp; JAGT J. W. M." box="[314,535,885,911]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" pagination="95 - 113" refId="ref27304" refString="VAN VLIET H. J., LAMBERT O., BOSSELAERS M., SCHULP A. S. &amp; JAGT J. W. M. 2019. - A palaeogene cetacean from Maastricht, Southern Limburg The Netherlands. Caenozoic Research 19 (1): 95 - 113." type="journal article" year="2019">
van Vliet 
<emphasis box="[420,472,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). In a later evolutionary phase, bone thickening usually diminishes as swimming efficiency and speed increase (
<bibRefCitation author="DEWAELE L. &amp; DIN P. &amp; MARX F. G. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; LAURIN M. &amp; OBADA T. &amp; DE BUFFRENIL V." box="[462,681,949,975]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref24258" refString="DEWAELE L., GOL' DIN P., MARX F. G., LAMBERT O., LAURIN M., OBADA T. &amp; DE BUFFRENIL V. 2021. - Hypersalinity drives convergent bone mass increases in Miocene marine mammals from the Paratethys. Current Biology 32: 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2021.10.065" type="journal article" year="2021">
Dewaele 
<emphasis box="[563,616,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). As the pachyostosis observed in several bones of the neurocranium of 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[163,427,1012,1039]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[163,427,1012,1039]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[436,588,1013,1039]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
does not display irregular or discontinuous internal transitions, and as the external surfaces are smooth and unaltered, we consider the observed increase in spongy bone volume to be nonpathologic (contrary, for instance, to infectious spondylitis: 
<bibRefCitation author="FETTUCCIA D. C. &amp; DA SILVA M. F. &amp; LOPES P. C." box="[133,360,1172,1198]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" pagination="255 - 259" refId="ref24532" refString="FETTUCCIA D. C., DA SILVA M. F. &amp; SIMOES- LOPES P. C. 2013. - Osteological alterations in the tucuxi Sotalia fluviatilis (Cetacea, Delphinidae). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, Porto Alegre 103 (3): 255 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212013000300007" type="journal article" year="2013">
Fettuccia 
<emphasis box="[241,295,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="KOMPANJE E. J. O." box="[376,556,1172,1198]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" pagination="99 - 130" refId="ref24968" refString="KOMPANJE E. J. O. 1999. - Considerations on the comparative pathology of the vertebrae in Mysticeti and Odontoceti; evidence for the occurrence of discarthrosis, zygarthrosis, infectious spondylitis and spondyloarthritis. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 73: 99 - 130." type="journal article" year="1999">Kompanje 1999</bibRefCitation>
). In several baleenbearing mysticetes, non-pathological pachyostosis and/or osteosclerosis re-emerged during the Miocene; postcranial osteosclerosis, without pachyostosis, is known from Miocene mysticetes such as 
<taxonomicName authority="Kellogg, 1968" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1968" box="[334,673,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" genus="Diorocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiatus">
<emphasis box="[334,513,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Diorocetus hiatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="KELLOGG R." box="[520,673,1299,1325]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" pagination="103 - 201" refId="ref24882" refString="KELLOGG R. 1968. - Fossil Marine Mammals from the Miocene Calvert Formation of Maryland and Virginia. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 247 (5 - 8): 103 - 201." type="journal article" year="1968">Kellogg, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and, to a lesser extent, also in other contemporaneous chaeomysticetes such as 
<taxonomicName authority="Cope, 1896" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1896" box="[213,473,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Metopocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[213,338,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Metopocetus</emphasis>
Cope, 1896
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Kellogg, 1924" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[525,679,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Parietobalaena</emphasis>
Kellogg, 1924
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="VAN VLIET H. J. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; BOSSELAERS M. &amp; SCHULP A. S. &amp; JAGT J. W. M." box="[205,426,1395,1422]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" pagination="95 - 113" refId="ref27304" refString="VAN VLIET H. J., LAMBERT O., BOSSELAERS M., SCHULP A. S. &amp; JAGT J. W. M. 2019. - A palaeogene cetacean from Maastricht, Southern Limburg The Netherlands. Caenozoic Research 19 (1): 95 - 113." type="journal article" year="2019">
van Vliet 
<emphasis box="[311,363,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The late Miocene 
<taxonomicName authority="Hofstein, 1943" authorityName="Hofstein" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Cetotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riabinini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Cetotherium riabinini</emphasis>
Hofstein, 1943
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goldin &amp; Startsev" authorityYear="2014" box="[419,662,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Brandtocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongulek">
<emphasis box="[419,662,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Brandtocetus chongulek</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other marine mammals from the Paratethys have pachyostotic/ pachyosteosclerotic ribs and/or vertebrae, presumably as an adaptation to increased salinity (the Badenian salinity crisis; Gol’din 2014; 
<bibRefCitation author="DEWAELE L. &amp; DIN P. &amp; MARX F. G. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; LAURIN M. &amp; OBADA T. &amp; DE BUFFRENIL V." box="[299,523,1554,1581]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref24258" refString="DEWAELE L., GOL' DIN P., MARX F. G., LAMBERT O., LAURIN M., OBADA T. &amp; DE BUFFRENIL V. 2021. - Hypersalinity drives convergent bone mass increases in Miocene marine mammals from the Paratethys. Current Biology 32: 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2021.10.065" type="journal article" year="2021">
Dewaele 
<emphasis box="[402,457,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, extant mysticetes at least occasionally develop bone thickening. Especially the anterior and anterodorsal parts of the squamosal body (medial to the zygomatic process) form very thick sections of non-remodelled, apparently cyclically deposited multi-layered bone in extant rorquals (MB pers. obs. 2014), consisting of a succession of thin, alternating layers of compact and trabecular bone. Several extinct cetotheriids, such as: cf. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bisconti" authorityYear="2014" box="[132,301,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" genus="Herentalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis box="[132,301,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Herentalia nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMA.MAM.5069); cf. ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1859" box="[574,681,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Plesiocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[574,681,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Plesiocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[693,775,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burtinii">
<emphasis box="[693,775,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">burtinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB M 676) and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1880" box="[362,553,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Tranatocetidae" genus="Mesocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis box="[362,553,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Mesocetus latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB 567), show similar sections of multi-layered cortex (MB pers. obs. 2017). So far, little has been published about the pachyostosis, osteosclerosis and pachyosteosclerosis of cranial elements of mysticetes. To our knowledge, the degree of inflation of the neurocranium of 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" box="[327,590,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[327,590,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[598,750,2002,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="26.[932,1056,1444,1500]" box="[932,1055,1444,1463]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">layered bone</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="26.[932,1056,1444,1500]" box="[932,1056,1481,1500]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">spongy bone</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268620" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268620/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" startId="26.[813,824,1545,1562]" targetBox="[825,1430,836,1425]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph blockId="26.[812,1457,1545,1789]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">
FIG. 23. — Anteroventral (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1025,1053,1545,1562]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">left</emphasis>
) and posterodorsal (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1227,1268,1545,1562]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">right</emphasis>
) views of 
<taxonomicName authority="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman, 2022" authorityName="Bosselaers &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Persufflatius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renefraaijeni" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Persufflatius renefraaijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[917,1032,1568,1585]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with a schematic indication of expanded (‘inflated’) regions (compared to the neurocranium of 
<emphasis box="[1171,1253,1590,1607]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Pelocetus</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Steeman" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1264,1360,1590,1607]" class="Mammalia" family="Diorocetidae" genus="Uranocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1264,1360,1590,1607]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Uranocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilleri &amp; Siber" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Piscobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="957" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Piscobalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Note the sub-triangular ventral squamosal fossa (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1316,1326,1613,1630]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">1</emphasis>
), with a strong ventrally protruding wall (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1019,1033,1636,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">D</emphasis>
) and the wide,rounded dorsal squamosal fossa (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1435,1445,1636,1653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">2</emphasis>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,826,1659,1676]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">A</emphasis>
, dense mediodorsal parietal; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1077,1090,1659,1676]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">B</emphasis>
, dense anterodorsal supraoccipital; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1413,1659,1676]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">C</emphasis>
, layered anteromedioventral squamosal body; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1170,1184,1681,1698]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">D</emphasis>
, inflated ventral squamosal wall; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,825,1704,1721]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">E</emphasis>
, inflated and laterally expanded anterior surface of the postglenoid process; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,824,1727,1744]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">F</emphasis>
, inflated and laterally expanded posterolateral postglenoid process; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1372,1386,1727,1744]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">G</emphasis>
, inflated laterodorsal squamosal and posterolaterodorsal zygomatic process; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1372,1386,1749,1766]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">H</emphasis>
, inflated and mediolaterally expanded exoccipital. Scale bars: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="26.[812,1457,1841,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">
more pronounced than it is in any other chaeomysticete discovered so far. The preserved neurocranium of the 
<typeStatus box="[1360,1455,1873,1899]" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">holotype</typeStatus>
is relatively intact. Therefore, the internal bone structure is only visible on some eroded surfaces and fracture zones. We could thus preliminarily document several bone structures in the inflated areas of the type skull (
<figureCitation box="[1231,1311,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[813,824,1545,1562]" captionTargetBox="[825,1430,836,1425]" captionTargetId="figure-712@26.[814,1455,819,1328]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 23. — Anteroventral (left) and posterodorsal (right) views of Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., with a schematic indication of expanded (‘inflated’) regions (compared to the neurocranium of Pelocetus, Uranocetus and Piscobalaena). Note the sub-triangular ventral squamosal fossa (1), with a strong ventrally protruding wall (D) and the wide,rounded dorsal squamosal fossa (2). A, dense mediodorsal parietal; B, dense anterodorsal supraoccipital; C, layered anteromedioventral squamosal body; D, inflated ventral squamosal wall; E, inflated and laterally expanded anterior surface of the postglenoid process; F, inflated and laterally expanded posterolateral postglenoid process;G, inflated laterodorsal squamosal and posterolaterodorsal zygomatic process;H, inflated and mediolaterally expanded exoccipital. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268620/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">Figs 23</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1326,1354,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,180,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-25@27.[699,1265,791,1358]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 24. — Series of bone samples of the neurocranium of the holotype (MAB 010293), showing some different bone structures. Left, neurocranium of holotype: A, anterior view; B, posterior to posterodorsal view; C, posterodorsal view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; m, medial; l, lateral. Magenta ovals show positions where the bone samples were taken. Scale bar: 10 cm exept photos of the bone samples (on the right), to the same scale (10 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268622/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">24</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[1369,1397,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[813,824,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[812,1459,208,965]" captionTargetId="figure-813@28.[807,1367,198,761]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: A, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; B, pterygoid-squamosal suture;compactness:0.631;C, anteroventral squamosal border;compactness: 0.594; D, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; E, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; F, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; G, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: G1, top: 0.808; G2, middle: 0.509; G3, bottom: 0.775; H, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; I, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using ‘Bone ProfileR’ (Girondot &amp; Laurin 2003). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268624/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="957">25</figureCitation>
) and
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268622" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268622/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="958" startId="27.[132,143,1963,1980]" targetBox="[132,1451,180,1845]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph blockId="27.[132,1457,1963,2025]" pageId="27" pageNumber="958">
FIG. 24. — Series of bone samples of the neurocranium of the holotype (MAB 010293), showing some different bone structures. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1192,1227,1963,1980]" pageId="27" pageNumber="958">Left</emphasis>
, neurocranium of holotype: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,145,1986,2003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="958">A</emphasis>
, anterior view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[272,285,1986,2003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="958">B</emphasis>
, posterior to posterodorsal view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[566,580,1986,2003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="958">C</emphasis>
, posterodorsal view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[759,770,1986,2003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="958">a</emphasis>
, anterior; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,865,1986,2003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="958">d</emphasis>
, dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[938,955,1986,2003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="958">m</emphasis>
, medial; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1031,1036,1986,2003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="958">l</emphasis>
, lateral. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1107,1237,1986,2003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="958">Magenta ovals</emphasis>
show positions where the bone samples were taken. Scale bar: 10 cm exept photos of the bone samples (on the right), to the same scale (10 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="28.[130,777,215,1645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">calculate the compactness for the locations involved. We further documented the shape and size of the cavities and the thickness of the trabecular rods in the studied areas of spongy bone (Appendix 2). It must be noted however that these areas are randomly oriented and hence these measurements should be treated with caution.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[130,777,215,1645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">
We could discern three different 
<typeStatus box="[528,585,407,433]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">types</typeStatus>
of bone: 1) very dense bone; 2) “inflated” spongy bone; and 3) layered bone, consisting of alternating thin layers of trabecular and compact bone (
<figureCitation box="[200,275,502,528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[813,824,1545,1562]" captionTargetBox="[825,1430,836,1425]" captionTargetId="figure-712@26.[814,1455,819,1328]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 23. — Anteroventral (left) and posterodorsal (right) views of Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., with a schematic indication of expanded (‘inflated’) regions (compared to the neurocranium of Pelocetus, Uranocetus and Piscobalaena). Note the sub-triangular ventral squamosal fossa (1), with a strong ventrally protruding wall (D) and the wide,rounded dorsal squamosal fossa (2). A, dense mediodorsal parietal; B, dense anterodorsal supraoccipital; C, layered anteromedioventral squamosal body; D, inflated ventral squamosal wall; E, inflated and laterally expanded anterior surface of the postglenoid process; F, inflated and laterally expanded posterolateral postglenoid process;G, inflated laterodorsal squamosal and posterolaterodorsal zygomatic process;H, inflated and mediolaterally expanded exoccipital. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268620/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Most of the extra bone volume is due to extra spongy bone with a relatively low to intermediate compactness (0.32 to 0.59; Appendix 2). The anterior supraoccipital consists of ventrodorsally thick, compact bone (compactness 0.81 to 0.84; 
<tableCitation box="[279,368,630,656]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[133,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Dorsoventral height of the anterior supraoccipital versus the bizygomatic width, in mm, measured centrally (medially) on the anterioposterior axis. The last column gives the relative thickness, indicating the bone is very thick anterocentrally in the Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp. holotype. Persufflatius n. gen. and Metopocetus Cope, 1896 are both late Miocene genera; Caperea Gray, 1864 and Balaenaoptera Lacépède, 1804 are extant genera." pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Tables 3</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation box="[382,396,630,656]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="28" pageNumber="959">4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[130,777,215,1645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">
The postglenoid process and the posterior zygomatic process are inflated (pachyostotic) in the 
<typeStatus box="[548,644,693,719]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">holotype</typeStatus>
and consist internally of spongy bone only, externally, they are covered by a thin layer of cortical bone. Anteroposteriorly, the postglenoid process is long (
<tableCitation box="[404,540,789,816]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[131,178,220,237]" captionTargetId="graphics-443@17.[132,1455,805,830]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. — A, B, Comparison of Persufflatius n. gen. with some other mysticetes: A, measurements; B, values relative to bizygomatic width. All measurements in mm. Abbreviations: EAM, extarnal auditory meatus; H, height; L, length; W, width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F171FFBC8DB6FF1BF55FFEB4" pageId="28" pageNumber="959" tableUuid="E3976655F171FFBC8DB6FF1BF55FFEB4">Table 5A, B</tableCitation>
). It is longer than in many other fossil whales, such as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bisconti" authorityYear="2014" box="[477,643,821,847]" class="Mammalia" genus="Herentalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="959" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis box="[477,643,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Herentalia nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Herpeocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="959" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sendaicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Herpeocetus sendaicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marx, Bosselaers &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2016" box="[243,455,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Cetotheriidae" genus="Metopocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="959" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hunteri">
<emphasis box="[243,455,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Metopocetus hunteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Pelocetidae" genus="Parietobalaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="959" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campiniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Parietobalaena campiniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MB pers. obs.; 
<tableCitation box="[352,485,885,912]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[131,178,220,237]" captionTargetId="graphics-443@17.[132,1455,805,830]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. — A, B, Comparison of Persufflatius n. gen. with some other mysticetes: A, measurements; B, values relative to bizygomatic width. All measurements in mm. Abbreviations: EAM, extarnal auditory meatus; H, height; L, length; W, width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3976655F171FFBC8DB6FF1BF55FFEB4" pageId="28" pageNumber="959" tableUuid="E3976655F171FFBC8DB6FF1BF55FFEB4">Table 5A, B</tableCitation>
). At the posterolateral side (as preserved), at the jugular notch, at the exoccipital and below the fossa for the compound posterior process is just spongy bone covered by a thin (sub-millimetric) layer of cortical bone (
<figureCitation box="[290,367,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[813,824,1545,1562]" captionTargetBox="[825,1430,836,1425]" captionTargetId="figure-712@26.[814,1455,819,1328]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 23. — Anteroventral (left) and posterodorsal (right) views of Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., with a schematic indication of expanded (‘inflated’) regions (compared to the neurocranium of Pelocetus, Uranocetus and Piscobalaena). Note the sub-triangular ventral squamosal fossa (1), with a strong ventrally protruding wall (D) and the wide,rounded dorsal squamosal fossa (2). A, dense mediodorsal parietal; B, dense anterodorsal supraoccipital; C, layered anteromedioventral squamosal body; D, inflated ventral squamosal wall; E, inflated and laterally expanded anterior surface of the postglenoid process; F, inflated and laterally expanded posterolateral postglenoid process;G, inflated laterodorsal squamosal and posterolaterodorsal zygomatic process;H, inflated and mediolaterally expanded exoccipital. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268620/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7268624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268624/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="959" startId="28.[813,824,987,1004]" targetBox="[812,1459,208,965]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph blockId="28.[813,1457,987,1208]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">
FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,826,1009,1026]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">A</emphasis>
, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1253,1266,1009,1026]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">B</emphasis>
, pterygoid-squamosal suture;compactness:0.631; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1048,1062,1032,1049]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">C</emphasis>
, anteroventral squamosal border;compactness: 0.594; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[872,886,1055,1072]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">D</emphasis>
, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,825,1077,1094]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">E</emphasis>
, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1196,1207,1077,1094]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">F</emphasis>
, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[870,884,1100,1117]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">G</emphasis>
, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1330,1355,1100,1117]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">G1</emphasis>
, top: 0.808; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,838,1123,1140]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">G2</emphasis>
, middle: 0.509; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[981,1007,1123,1140]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">G3</emphasis>
, bottom: 0.775; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1153,1167,1123,1140]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">H</emphasis>
, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1002,1008,1145,1162]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">I</emphasis>
, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using ‘Bone ProfileR’ (
<bibRefCitation author="GIRONDOT M. &amp; LAURIN M." box="[1249,1449,1168,1185]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959" pagination="458 - 461" refId="ref24659" refString="GIRONDOT M. &amp; LAURIN M. 2003. - Bone profiler: A tool to quantify, model and statistically compare bone-section compactness profiles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 (2): 458 - 461. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4524331" type="journal article" year="2003">Girondot &amp; Laurin 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="28.[130,777,215,1645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">
When we look at the sections (
<figureCitation box="[505,583,1044,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[813,824,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[812,1459,208,965]" captionTargetId="figure-813@28.[807,1367,198,761]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: A, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; B, pterygoid-squamosal suture;compactness:0.631;C, anteroventral squamosal border;compactness: 0.594; D, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; E, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; F, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; G, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: G1, top: 0.808; G2, middle: 0.509; G3, bottom: 0.775; H, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; I, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using ‘Bone ProfileR’ (Girondot &amp; Laurin 2003). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268624/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
), we see a varied picture, with different structures. In some places, the cavities are elongated and run in a specific direction (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[813,824,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[812,1459,208,965]" captionTargetId="figure-813@28.[807,1367,198,761]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: A, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; B, pterygoid-squamosal suture;compactness:0.631;C, anteroventral squamosal border;compactness: 0.594; D, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; E, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; F, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; G, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: G1, top: 0.808; G2, middle: 0.509; G3, bottom: 0.775; H, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; I, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using ‘Bone ProfileR’ (Girondot &amp; Laurin 2003). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268624/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Fig. 25A, C, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation box="[156,171,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,750,767]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,216,707]" captionTargetId="graphics-529@5.[136,1427,263,708]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Dinoflagellate cyst zonation cf. Munsterman et al. 2019. Abbreviations: Ma, million years ago; Tor, Tortonian; Aan, Achomosphaera andalousiensis; Cpa, Cannospaeropsis passio; Ede, Erymnodinium delectabile; Ltr, Labyrinthodinium truncatum; Pgo, Palaeocystodinum golzowensis; Spl, Systematophora placacantha; Sso, Sumatradinium soucouyantiae. Red lines indicate the limits of the dinozone Southern North Sea DN9, the dinozone the specimen is dated from." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268562/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">2</figureCitation>
); in other places we see roughly circular, evenly spaced cavities (
<figureCitation box="[228,384,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[813,824,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[812,1459,208,965]" captionTargetId="figure-813@28.[807,1367,198,761]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: A, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; B, pterygoid-squamosal suture;compactness:0.631;C, anteroventral squamosal border;compactness: 0.594; D, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; E, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; F, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; G, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: G1, top: 0.808; G2, middle: 0.509; G3, bottom: 0.775; H, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; I, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using ‘Bone ProfileR’ (Girondot &amp; Laurin 2003). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268624/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Fig. 25B, H, I</figureCitation>
). It must be noted however that the observed differences could be, at least in part, a side effect of the fact that the sections are randomly oriented. There is also a clear difference in size: in some places we encounter only small structures (
<figureCitation box="[373,474,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[813,824,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[812,1459,208,965]" captionTargetId="figure-813@28.[807,1367,198,761]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: A, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; B, pterygoid-squamosal suture;compactness:0.631;C, anteroventral squamosal border;compactness: 0.594; D, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; E, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; F, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; G, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: G1, top: 0.808; G2, middle: 0.509; G3, bottom: 0.775; H, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; I, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using ‘Bone ProfileR’ (Girondot &amp; Laurin 2003). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268624/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Fig. 25H</figureCitation>
); elsewhere, small and large structures are mixed (
<figureCitation box="[360,504,1331,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[813,824,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[812,1459,208,965]" captionTargetId="figure-813@28.[807,1367,198,761]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: A, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; B, pterygoid-squamosal suture;compactness:0.631;C, anteroventral squamosal border;compactness: 0.594; D, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; E, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; F, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; G, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: G1, top: 0.808; G2, middle: 0.509; G3, bottom: 0.775; H, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; I, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using ‘Bone ProfileR’ (Girondot &amp; Laurin 2003). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268624/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Fig. 25A, E, I</figureCitation>
), and in still other places, large structures prevail (
<figureCitation box="[402,574,1363,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[813,824,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[812,1459,208,965]" captionTargetId="figure-813@28.[807,1367,198,761]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: A, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; B, pterygoid-squamosal suture;compactness:0.631;C, anteroventral squamosal border;compactness: 0.594; D, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; E, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; F, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; G, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: G1, top: 0.808; G2, middle: 0.509; G3, bottom: 0.775; H, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; I, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using ‘Bone ProfileR’ (Girondot &amp; Laurin 2003). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268624/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Fig. 25B, C, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation box="[574,589,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,750,767]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,216,707]" captionTargetId="graphics-529@5.[136,1427,263,708]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Dinoflagellate cyst zonation cf. Munsterman et al. 2019. Abbreviations: Ma, million years ago; Tor, Tortonian; Aan, Achomosphaera andalousiensis; Cpa, Cannospaeropsis passio; Ede, Erymnodinium delectabile; Ltr, Labyrinthodinium truncatum; Pgo, Palaeocystodinum golzowensis; Spl, Systematophora placacantha; Sso, Sumatradinium soucouyantiae. Red lines indicate the limits of the dinozone Southern North Sea DN9, the dinozone the specimen is dated from." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7268562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7268562/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="959">2</figureCitation>
). The size of the trabecular rods and plates varies widely. At the postglenoid process and the posterior base of the zygomatic process, trabecular rods (about 
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thick and elongated) and plates (smaller than 0.42 × 
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) are thin and small, resulting in a low compactness (less than 0.40). In other places, the thickness of the trabecular rods varies between 0.3 and 
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, resulting in a compactness between 0.55 and 0.63 (
<tableCitation box="[248,329,1618,1644]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,601,618]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Compactness measured at several sections of the type neurocranium (see Fig. 25)." pageId="28" pageNumber="959">Table 4</tableCitation>
; Appendix 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>