633 lines
80 KiB
XML
633 lines
80 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9121941E8AE1EB8CB29103B61F4FC15B">Liogenys Guerin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Diplotaxini) of northern South America and Central America: taxonomic overview with four new species</mods:title>
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,
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE7A934296F5FC40FDCE183E" authority=": Burmeister 1855: 14" authorityName=": Burmeister" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,592,1006,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7A9342971EFC40FDCE183E" author="Burmeister, H." box="[380,592,1006,1030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" refId="ref17327" refString="Burmeister, H. (1855) Handbuch der Entomologie (Coleoptera Lamellicornia Phyllophaga chaenochela). Vierter Band. Zweite Abtheilung. Theod. Chr. Fr. Enslin, Berlin, 570 pp." type="book" year="1855">Burmeister 1855: 14</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7A9342949FFC40FC5E183E" author="Harold, E. F. von" box="[765,960,1006,1030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" refId="ref18226" refString="Harold, E. F. von (1869) Scarabaeidae. In: Gemminger, M. & von Harold, E. F. (Eds.), Catalogus coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Vol. 4. E. H. Gummi, Munich, pp. 976 - 1346." type="book" year="1869">Harold 1869: 1140</bibRefCitation>
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(checklist);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD110E8AE7A93429307FC40FEF6181D" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. von" page="318" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7A93429307FC40FEF6181D" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. von" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" pagination="291 - 450" refId="ref17807" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. von (1913) Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae IV. Pars 50. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum catalogus. Vol. XX. Junk, W., Berlin, pp. 291 - 450." type="book chapter" year="1913">Dalla Torre 1913: 318</bibRefCitation>
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(checklist);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD110E8AE7A93429787FBA2FD4E181D" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[485,720,1036,1061]" page="228" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" year="1944">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7A93429787FBA2FD4E181D" author="Blackwelder, R. E." box="[485,720,1036,1061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" pagination="189 - 265" refId="ref17187" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1944) Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, The West Indies and South America. Part 2. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., pp. 189 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="book chapter" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 228</bibRefCitation>
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(checklist);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD110E8AE7A9342952EFBA3FC46181C" author="Frey, G." box="[844,984,1036,1061]" page="50" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7A9342952EFBA3FC46181C" author="Frey, G." box="[844,984,1036,1061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" pagination="38 - 64" refId="ref18071" refString="Frey, G. (1969) Bestimmungstabelle und revision der gattung Liogenys Guerrez (Coleoptera - Melolonthinae - Macrodactylini). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 20, 38 - 64." type="journal article" year="1969">Frey 1969: 50</bibRefCitation>
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(key);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD110E8AE7A93429242FBA3FB56181D" author="Evans, A. V." box="[1056,1224,1037,1061]" page="213" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7A93429242FBA3FB56181D" author="Evans, A. V." box="[1056,1224,1037,1061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref17920" refString="Evans, A. V. (2003) A checklist of the NewWorld chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa, 211, 1 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 211.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Evans 2003: 213</bibRefCitation>
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(checklist);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD110E8AE7A93429327FBA3FE3C187B" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." page="181" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7A93429327FBA3FE3C187B" author="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T." pageId="13" pageNumber="214" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref17963" refString="Evans, A. V. & Smith, A. B. T. (2009) An electronic checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) version 3 2009. Papers in Entomology, 1, 1 - 344." type="journal article" year="2009">Evans & Smith 2009: 181–182</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(checklist); Krajčík 2012: 145 (checklist);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD110E8AE7A9342953AFB85FBD1187B" author="Cherman, M. A. & Mise, K. M. & Moron, M. A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M." box="[856,1103,1067,1091]" page="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7A9342953AFB85FBD1187B" author="Cherman, M. A. & Mise, K. M. & Moron, M. A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M." box="[856,1103,1067,1091]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref17664" refString="Cherman, M. A., Mise, K. M., Moron, M. A., Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M. (2017) A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae). ZooKeys, 699, 1 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 699.12031" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Cherman
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE7A934295DEFB82FC71187B" box="[956,1007,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 11
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 16; 2019: 62 (taxonomy).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A6572AE7A934296F5FBC2FDA519D6" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36F9AE7A934296F5FBC2FB0618F6" blockId="13.[151,1437,1132,2023]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE7A934296F5FBC2FE5218BE" bold="true" box="[151,460,1132,1158]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Type material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE7A93429786FBC2FD6A18BE" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[484,756,1132,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Melolontha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE7A93429786FBC2FD6A18BE" box="[484,756,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Melolontha quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE7A93429500FBC2FC5318BE" bold="true" box="[866,973,1132,1158]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB885BAE7A93429500FBC2FC5318BE" box="[866,973,1132,1158]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, present designation (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE3CAE7A93429282FBC2FAA618BE" box="[1248,1336,1132,1158]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">ZMUC</collectionCode>
|
||
): [white handwritten] “4 Dens.”, [white typeset] “zmuc / 00022369”, [white, outlined in red, typeset and handwritten] “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE7A934296C3FB1AFEAE18F6" box="[161,304,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">LIOGENYS</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ QUADRIDENS / (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7A9342947BFB1AFD5418F6" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[537,714,1204,1230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" refId="ref18049" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Proft et Storch, Copenhagen, 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) /
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB885BAE7A9342948AFB1AFC1618F6" box="[744,904,1204,1230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/ Des. Cherman M. A.”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36F9AE7A934296A5FB76FDA519D6" blockId="13.[151,1437,1132,2023]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE7A934296A5FB76FDA218CA" bold="true" box="[199,572,1240,1266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE7A93429424FB76FEDC192E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554363" collectingDate="1960-05-22" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="V. J. Tipton" country="Panama" location="Rio Hato" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cocle">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE7A93429424FB76FD5F18CA" box="[582,705,1240,1266]" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE7A934294ADFB76FC8B18CA" box="[719,789,1240,1266]" country="Panama" name="Cocle" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Coclé</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EAF6022AE7A93429541FB76FC1118CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987EFAE7A935F96F5FCC9FB2D1DCD:8EAF6022AE7A93429541FB76FC1118CB" box="[803,911,1240,1267]" country="Panama" name="Rio Hato" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" stateProvince="Cocle">Río Hato</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCE1039AE7A934295FCFB76FB8A18CA" box="[926,1044,1240,1266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1960-05-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8AE9D1AE7A934295FCFB76FB8A18CA" box="[926,1044,1240,1266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1960-05-22">22.V.1960</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52314EEEAE7A93429241FB76FB1118CB" box="[1059,1167,1240,1267]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">light trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2685532FAE7A934292FCFB77FA8118CA" box="[1182,1311,1240,1267]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">V.J. Tipton</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A9342934FFB76FAE118CA" box="[1325,1407,1240,1266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A934293ECFB76FF7D192E" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE3CAE7A93429693FB52FEA4192E" box="[241,314,1276,1302]" country="Canada" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">CNCI</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE7A93429728FB52FEEB1902" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554354" collectingDate="1976-05-22" collectionCode="UNSM" collectorName="B. C. Ratcliffe" country="Panama" elevation="820" latitude="8.666667" location="Cerro Campana" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-79.933334" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Panama">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE7A93429728FB52FE39192E" box="[330,423,1276,1302]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Panamá</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EAF6022AE7A934297D2FB52FDFC192E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987EFAE7A935F96F5FCC9FB2D1DCD:8EAF6022AE7A934297D2FB52FDFC192E" box="[432,610,1276,1302]" country="Panama" latitude="8.666667" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-79.933334" name="Cerro Campana" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" stateProvince="Panama">Cerro Campana</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B1CAE7A93429409FB52FD2C192F" box="[619,690,1276,1303]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="820.0">
|
||
<elevation id="005DD1CAAE7A93429409FB52FD2C192F" box="[619,690,1276,1303]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="820.0">820 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE44503EAE7A934294DEFB52FC90192E" box="[700,782,1276,1302]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" precision="925" value="8.666667">8º40`N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE44503EAE7A9342957AFB52FCE3192F" box="[792,893,1276,1303]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" precision="925" value="-79.933334">79º56`W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCE1039AE7A934295E4FB52FC62192E" box="[902,1020,1276,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1976-05-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8AE9D1AE7A934295E4FB52FC62192E" box="[902,1020,1276,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1976-05-22">22.V.1976</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, at blacklight,
|
||
<collectorName id="2685532FAE7A934292F9FB52FAA9192E" box="[1179,1335,1276,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">B.C. Ratcliffe</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A93429323FB52FA06192E" box="[1345,1432,1276,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A934296F5FA8EFE9B1902" box="[151,261,1312,1338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE3CAE7A93429774FA8EFEF31902" box="[278,365,1312,1338]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">UNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE7A934297E0FA8EFAA91902" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554338" box="[386,1335,1312,1339]" collectingDate="1981-05-10" collectingDateMax="1981-05-20" collectingDateMin="1981-05-10" collectionCode="UNSM" collectorName="J. E. Wappes" country="Panama" elevation="792" location="Cerro Campana" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<location id="8EAF6022AE7A934297E0FA8EFDA61902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987EFAE7A935F96F5FCC9FB2D1DCD:8EAF6022AE7A934297E0FA8EFDA61902" box="[386,568,1312,1338]" country="Panama" name="Cerro Campana" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Cerro Campana</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B1CAE7A93429427FA8EFD2D1902" box="[581,691,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9248" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" unit="ft" value="2600.0">
|
||
<elevation id="005DD1CAAE7A93429427FA8EFD2D1902" box="[581,691,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9248" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" unit="ft" value="2600.0">2600 feet</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCE1039AE7A934294A2FA8EFCC11902" box="[704,863,1312,1338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1981-05-10" valueMax="1981-05-20" valueMin="1981-05-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8AE9D1AE7A934294A2FA8EFCC11902" box="[704,863,1312,1338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1981-05-10" valueMax="1981-05-20" valueMin="1981-05-10">10–20.V.1981</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2685532FAE7A9342950EFA8FFC641903" box="[876,1018,1313,1339]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">J.E. Wappes</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A93429265FA8EFBC91902" box="[1031,1111,1312,1338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A93429206FA8EFB591902" box="[1124,1223,1312,1338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE3CAE7A934292BAFA8EFAB11902" box="[1240,1327,1312,1338]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">UNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE7A93429326FA8EFB9A1966" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554362" collectingDate="1962-05-25" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="R. & F. Zweifel" country="Panama" location="Nueva Gorgona" municipality="Oeste" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Panama">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE7A93429326FA8EFA031902" box="[1348,1437,1312,1338]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Panamá</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BABAC83AE7A934296F5FAEAFF451966" box="[151,219,1348,1374]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Oeste</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EAF6022AE7A93429684FAEBFE041966" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987EFAE7A935F96F5FCC9FB2D1DCD:8EAF6022AE7A93429684FAEBFE041966" box="[230,410,1348,1375]" country="Panama" municipality="Oeste" name="Nueva Gorgona" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" stateProvince="Panama">Nueva Gorgona</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCE1039AE7A934297C4FAEAFD841967" box="[422,538,1348,1375]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1962-05-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8AE9D1AE7A934297C4FAEAFD841967" box="[422,538,1348,1375]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1962-05-25">25.V.1962</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2685532FAE7A93429444FAEAFD551966" box="[550,715,1348,1374]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">R.&F. Zweifel</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A934294B4FAEAFCBB1966" box="[726,805,1348,1374]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A93429552FAEAFC0F1966" box="[816,913,1348,1374]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE3CAE7A934295C2FAEAFC621966" box="[928,1020,1348,1374]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE7A93429272FAEAFE2719BA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554371" collectingDate="1982-05-17" collectionCode="UNSM" collectorName="E. Giesbert" country="Panama" location="Sajalices" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<location id="8EAF6022AE7A93429272FAEAFBE81966" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987EFAE7A935F96F5FCC9FB2D1DCD:8EAF6022AE7A93429272FAEAFBE81966" box="[1040,1142,1348,1374]" country="Panama" name="Sajalices" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Sajalices</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCE1039AE7A934292E3FAEAFB691966" box="[1153,1271,1348,1374]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1982-05-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8AE9D1AE7A934292E3FAEAFB691966" box="[1153,1271,1348,1374]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1982-05-17">17.V.1982</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2685532FAE7A93429360FAEBFA1D1966" box="[1282,1411,1348,1375]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">E. Giesbert</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A934293ECFAEAFF4E19BA" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A934296BFFAC6FED719BA" box="[221,329,1384,1410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE3CAE7A9342973BFAC6FE2E19BA" box="[345,432,1384,1410]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">UNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE7A934297A1FAC7FBE419BA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554357" box="[451,1146,1384,1411]" collectingDate="1977-05-18" collectionCode="CMNC" collectorName="H. Howden" country="Panama" location="Santiago" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Veraguas">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE7A934297A1FAC7FDB019BB" box="[451,558,1385,1411]" country="Panama" name="Veraguas" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Veraguas</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EAF6022AE7A93429458FAC6FD0119BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987EFAE7A935F96F5FCC9FB2D1DCD:8EAF6022AE7A93429458FAC6FD0119BA" box="[570,671,1384,1410]" country="Panama" name="Santiago" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" stateProvince="Veraguas">Santiago</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCE1039AE7A934294C9FAC6FCBE19BA" box="[683,800,1384,1410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1977-05-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8AE9D1AE7A934294C9FAC6FCBE19BA" box="[683,800,1384,1410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1977-05-18">18.V.1977</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2685532FAE7A9342954EFAC7FC2F19BA" box="[812,945,1384,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. Howden</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A934295DFFAC6FB9719BA" box="[957,1033,1384,1410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE3CAE7A9342927BFAC6FBEC19BA" box="[1049,1138,1384,1410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">CMNC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE7A934292E7FAC6FC26199E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554384" collectingDate="1938-04-28" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="C. H. Ballou" country="Venezuela" location="San Juan de Los Morros" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guarico">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE7A934292E7FAC6FAB119BA" box="[1157,1327,1384,1410]" name="Venezuela" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE7A93429358FAC6FA0719BA" box="[1338,1433,1384,1410]" country="Venezuela" name="Guarico" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Guárico</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EAF6022AE7A934296F5FA22FE2C199F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987EFAE7A935F96F5FCC9FB2D1DCD:8EAF6022AE7A934296F5FA22FE2C199F" box="[151,434,1420,1447]" country="Venezuela" name="San Juan de Los Morros" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" stateProvince="Guarico">San Juan de Los Morros</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCE1039AE7A934297A2FA22FDA0199E" box="[448,574,1420,1446]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1938-04-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8AE9D1AE7A934297A2FA22FDA0199E" box="[448,574,1420,1446]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1938-04-28">28.IV.1938</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2685532FAE7A9342942EFA22FD49199E" box="[588,727,1420,1446]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">C.H. Ballou</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A93429486FA22FCD9199E" box="[740,839,1420,1446]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE3CAE7A9342953AFA22FC31199E" box="[856,943,1420,1446]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE7A934295A7FA23FE2C19F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554335" collectingDate="1964-05-02" collectionCode="CMNC" collectorName="C. Bordon" country="Venezuela" elevation="200" location="El Tejero" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Monagas">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE7A934295A7FA23FBAE199F" box="[965,1072,1421,1447]" country="Venezuela" name="Monagas" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Monagas</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EAF6022AE7A9342925EFA22FB36199E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987EFAE7A935F96F5FCC9FB2D1DCD:8EAF6022AE7A9342925EFA22FB36199E" box="[1084,1192,1420,1446]" country="Venezuela" name="El Tejero" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" stateProvince="Monagas">El Tejero</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B1CAE7A934292D7FA22FA9E199F" box="[1205,1280,1420,1447]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="005DD1CAAE7A934292D7FA22FA9E199F" box="[1205,1280,1420,1447]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCE1039AE7A9342936CFA22FAEB199E" box="[1294,1397,1420,1446]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1964-05-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8AE9D1AE7A9342936CFA22FAEB199E" box="[1294,1397,1420,1446]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" value="1964-05-02">2.V.1964</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2685532FAE7A934293E0FA22FF7019F2" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">C. Bordon</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A9342969AFA1EFEDC19F2" box="[248,322,1456,1482]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE3CAE7A93429733FA1EFE3419F2" box="[337,426,1456,1482]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">CMNC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE7A934297D9FA1EFBEA19F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554314" box="[443,1140,1456,1482]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Venezuela" location="Caracas" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Distrito Capital">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE7A934297D9FA1EFDF219F2" box="[443,620,1456,1482]" country="Venezuela" name="Distrito Capital" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Distrito Capital</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EAF6022AE7A93429414FA1EFD4F19F2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987EFAE7A935F96F5FCC9FB2D1DCD:8EAF6022AE7A93429414FA1EFD4F19F2" box="[630,721,1456,1482]" country="Venezuela" name="Caracas" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" stateProvince="Distrito Capital">Caracas</location>
|
||
, 1938, G. Vivas-R.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A934295D3FA1EFB9819F2" box="[945,1030,1456,1482]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE3CAE7A93429277FA1EFBF219F2" box="[1045,1132,1456,1482]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE7A9342921FFA1EFDA919D6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554356" collectionCode="ZMHB" collectorName="E. Kummerow" country="Venezuela" location="Without" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<location id="8EAF6022AE7A9342921FFA1EFB4619F2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987EFAE7A935F96F5FCC9FB2D1DCD:8EAF6022AE7A9342921FFA1EFB4619F2" box="[1149,1240,1456,1482]" country="Venezuela" name="Without" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Without</location>
|
||
locality and date,
|
||
<collectorName id="2685532FAE7A934296F5FA7BFEA219D7" box="[151,316,1493,1519]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">E. Kummerow</collectorName>
|
||
S.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE7A9342970AFA7AFE5719D6" box="[360,457,1492,1518]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE3CAE7A934297BAFA7AFDB119D6" box="[472,559,1492,1518]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">ZMHB</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A6572AE7A934296A5FA56FB451B43" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36F9AE7A934296A5FA56FB451B43" blockId="13.[151,1437,1132,2023]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE7A934296A5FA56FEA41A2A" bold="true" box="[199,314,1528,1554]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Body light brown, elongate, males with sides parallel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7A934295D5FA56FB8C1A2B" box="[951,1042,1528,1555]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) male views: A) dorsal, B) female lectotype, and C) labels, D) pygidium, E) lateral, and parameres F) lateral, G) dorsolateral of apex, H) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025912/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), females with sides slightly wider on posterior third (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7A9342970AF9B2FE5E1A0F" box="[360,448,1564,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) male views: A) dorsal, B) female lectotype, and C) labels, D) pygidium, E) lateral, and parameres F) lateral, G) dorsolateral of apex, H) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025912/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
); elytra light brown to yellowish brown, pronotum reddish to purplish brown, head even darker; clypeus quadridentate; clypeal emargination deep, rounded, and wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7A93429598F9EEFBCF1A62" box="[1018,1105,1600,1626]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,179,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[214,1373,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Clypeus and pronotum: Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) A) male, B) female; L. quadridentata Blanchard, 1851 C) male, D) female. Parameres of E) L. quadridens and F) L. clipeosetosa Cherman new species. Black arrows indicate: A, C) angle between anterior and lateral teeth on clypeus; lateral expansion along the parameres F) entirely visible or E) partially hidden, E) disc of subapical portion and base of apex elevated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025888/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
), slightly narrower in females than in males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7A9342975CF9CAFE0B1A46" box="[318,405,1636,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,179,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[214,1373,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Clypeus and pronotum: Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) A) male, B) female; L. quadridentata Blanchard, 1851 C) male, D) female. Parameres of E) L. quadridens and F) L. clipeosetosa Cherman new species. Black arrows indicate: A, C) angle between anterior and lateral teeth on clypeus; lateral expansion along the parameres F) entirely visible or E) partially hidden, E) disc of subapical portion and base of apex elevated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025888/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
); distance between lateral and anterior clypeal teeth longer than basal width of one anterior tooth; angle between lateral and anterior clypeal teeth approximately 90º; mesotibia subquadrate in cross section; pygidium flat or slightly convex, pygidial disc glabrous, with scattered bristles on apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7A934292CAF902FA981AFF" box="[1192,1286,1708,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) male views: A) dorsal, B) female lectotype, and C) labels, D) pygidium, E) lateral, and parameres F) lateral, G) dorsolateral of apex, H) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025912/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
); males with protarsomere II less than twice the length of protarsomere I in dorsal view; parameres elongate, up to three times the length of their apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7A9342971AF95AFE4E1B37" box="[376,464,1780,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) male views: A) dorsal, B) female lectotype, and C) labels, D) pygidium, E) lateral, and parameres F) lateral, G) dorsolateral of apex, H) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025912/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
), inner margins straight, lateral expansion on outer margins along the parameres partially hidden in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7A934297F5F8B6FE721B0A" box="[407,492,1816,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,179,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[214,1373,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Clypeus and pronotum: Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) A) male, B) female; L. quadridentata Blanchard, 1851 C) male, D) female. Parameres of E) L. quadridens and F) L. clipeosetosa Cherman new species. Black arrows indicate: A, C) angle between anterior and lateral teeth on clypeus; lateral expansion along the parameres F) entirely visible or E) partially hidden, E) disc of subapical portion and base of apex elevated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025888/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
), apex harpoon-shaped, lateral spine projected backwards, slightly convergent to the outer margin of the parameres; spine length slightly more than twice the length of the apex, subapical and proximal part of the apex elevated medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7A93429441F8CEFDF91B43" box="[547,615,1888,1915]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) male views: A) dorsal, B) female lectotype, and C) labels, D) pygidium, E) lateral, and parameres F) lateral, G) dorsolateral of apex, H) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025912/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), abruptly flattened distally at apex and spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7A93429216F8CEFB501B43" box="[1140,1230,1888,1915]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) male views: A) dorsal, B) female lectotype, and C) labels, D) pygidium, E) lateral, and parameres F) lateral, G) dorsolateral of apex, H) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025912/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A6572AE7A934196A5F82AFE9D1936" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36F9AE7A934196A5F82AFE9D1936" blockId="13.[151,1437,1132,2023]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,2014]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE7A934296A5F82AFEEB1BA6" bold="true" box="[199,373,1924,1950]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Length:
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B1CAE7A934297B5F82AFDF21BA7" box="[471,620,1924,1951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.08" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="10.8" valueMin="9.2">9.2–10.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width: 4.6–5.0 mm. Light brown to brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE7A93429236F82AFB041BA6" box="[1108,1178,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
dark, distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons equal in length to clypeus; clypeal emargination deep, rounded, and narrow; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth shorter than the eye in dorsal view; clypeus convex laterally and strongly produced forming a conspicuous, tooth-like projection; distance between lateral and anterior teeth longer than basal width of one anterior tooth, distance between lateral tooth and anterior margin of eye longer than one eye length, angle between anterior and lateral teeth approximately 90º; canthus exceeding or not the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere maximum width twice the width at apex; fovea deep, extending past the transverse midline of the palpomere; antenna with 10 antennomeres, club lighter in color, as long as the funicle in females, longer than the funicle in males.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE799341927FFEE5FBE91D5D" box="[1053,1143,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
pronotal anterior margin slightly produced medially, undulate; disc glabrous, punctures sparse and fine in females, coarser in males; pronotal posterior corners rounded in males, apparently obsolete in females; hypomere with long bristles; mesepisternum scaly; anterior portion and sides of metaventrite with bristles; distance between mesocoxae and metacoxae nearly twice the length of the metacoxa; scutellum triangular, punctures mainly at the sides.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934192FAFE75FB791DCD" box="[1176,1255,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Elytra:</emphasis>
|
||
shiny, uniform yellowish brown to light brown, lighter in color than pronotum; elytra near three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture slightly darker than elytron and not elevated; all four elytral ridges weakly defined.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934192A5FD8DFA9B1E04" box="[1223,1285,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
procoxa with long bristles on infra-carinal surface and fine scales and short bristles on outer surface; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, distance between basal and middle teeth longer than between middle and apical; protibial spur present; mesofemur with a row of long bristles on anterior and posterior margins, mesotibia quadrate in cross section, surface coarsely sculptured in females, finely sculptured in males, mesotibia with two transverse carinae, the apical carina complete in females, incomplete in males; metacoxa with bristles throughout and forming a row of scales parallel to the anterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7993419422FD55FD081F2E" box="[576,662,763,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) male views: A) dorsal, B) female lectotype, and C) labels, D) pygidium, E) lateral, and parameres F) lateral, G) dorsolateral of apex, H) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025912/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
); basal articular lobe of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; inner margin of male metatibia carinate and produced on apex, apical inner surface with scattered bristles, metatibial disc coarsely sculptured; metatibial transverse carina and discontinuous longitudinal carina present posteriorly; metatarsomere I and metatarsomere II equal in length; males with protarsomere II as wide as it is long; protarsomeres and mesotarsomeres I–IV equally enlarged, wider than metatarsi; claw bifid, symmetrical, outer tooth of a claw longer and narrower than inner tooth; distance between teeth shorter than the inner tooth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934196F5FC7DFE941FD5" box="[151,266,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
disc of ventrites with sparse bristles; propygidium with bristles, pygidium flat, subtrapezoidal, wide, pygidial width exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; pygidial disc glabrous, few bristles on apex, coarsely punctate, roughly in males; slightly depressed medially in males; pygidial apex quadrate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934192B8FBB5FAC3180C" box="[1242,1373,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Parameres:</emphasis>
|
||
basal region slightly wider than both sections of the parameres at its midline; parameral split at 2/3 the length of the basal region; parameres almost three times the length of their apex; inner margins straight; lateral expansion of the outer margins partially hidden, visible from the midline up to the subapical portion; apex harpoon-shaped, lateral spine straight backwards, slightly bent, spine length more than twice the length of the apex, subapical and proximal part of the apex elevated medially, flattened distally at apex and spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7993419519FB61FC4518D1" box="[891,987,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,179,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[214,1373,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Clypeus and pronotum: Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) A) male, B) female; L. quadridentata Blanchard, 1851 C) male, D) female. Parameres of E) L. quadridens and F) L. clipeosetosa Cherman new species. Black arrows indicate: A, C) angle between anterior and lateral teeth on clypeus; lateral expansion along the parameres F) entirely visible or E) partially hidden, E) disc of subapical portion and base of apex elevated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025888/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE7993419584FB61FB9218D2" box="[998,1036,1231,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) male views: A) dorsal, B) female lectotype, and C) labels, D) pygidium, E) lateral, and parameres F) lateral, G) dorsolateral of apex, H) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025912/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parameres concave in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A7CAE79934196C2FB5DFF691936" box="[160,247,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) male views: A) dorsal, B) female lectotype, and C) labels, D) pygidium, E) lateral, and parameres F) lateral, G) dorsolateral of apex, H) dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5025912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5025912/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A6572AE79934196A5FAB9FEF019A5" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36F9AE79934196A5FAB9FE3F196D" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE79934196A5FAB9FE03196D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554388" country="India" location="Species" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934196A5FAB9FEFC1908" bold="true" box="[199,354,1302,1329]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB885BAE79934196A5FAB9FE9C1909" box="[199,258,1303,1329]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE799341971EFAB9FE261909" box="[380,440,1303,1329]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
Orientali” [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7993419423FAB9FCAF1909" author="Burmeister, H." box="[577,817,1302,1329]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" refId="ref17327" refString="Burmeister, H. (1855) Handbuch der Entomologie (Coleoptera Lamellicornia Phyllophaga chaenochela). Vierter Band. Zweite Abtheilung. Theod. Chr. Fr. Enslin, Berlin, 570 pp." type="book" year="1855">Burmeister 1855: 14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, misinterpreted locality of West Indies].
|
||
<location id="8EAF6022AE7993419365FAB9FAC31909" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987EFAE7A935F96F5FCC9FB2D1DCD:8EAF6022AE7993419365FAB9FAC31909" box="[1287,1373,1303,1329]" country="India" name="Species" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Species</location>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE79934196F5FA95FF6E196D" box="[151,240,1339,1365]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE7993419744FA95FE03196D" box="[294,413,1339,1365]" name="Venezuela" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36F9AE79934196A5FAF0FEF019A5" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934196A5FAF0FE6B1940" bold="true" box="[199,501,1374,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE7993419460FAF1FBE51941" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554385" box="[514,1147,1375,1401]" country="Panama" location="Cocle" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cocle">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE7993419460FAF1FDE91941" box="[514,631,1375,1401]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE79934194EEFAF1FD4F1941" box="[652,721,1375,1401]" country="Panama" name="Cocle" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Coclé</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE7993419481FAF1FCA11941" box="[739,831,1375,1401]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Panamá</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE799341952DFAF1FC361941" box="[847,936,1375,1401]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Panamá</collectingRegion>
|
||
Oeste,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE799341926AFAF1FBED1941" box="[1032,1139,1375,1401]" country="Panama" name="Veraguas" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Veraguas</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B183CA4AE79934192E9FAF1FEF419A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320554309" country="Venezuela" location="Distrito Capital" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Distrito Capital">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE79934192E9FAF1FAAE1941" box="[1163,1328,1375,1401]" name="Venezuela" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE7993419327FAF1FF7519A5" country="Venezuela" name="Distrito Capital" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Distrito Capital</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE7993419694FA2DFEFC19A5" box="[246,354,1411,1437]" country="Venezuela" name="Monagas" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Monagas</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A6572AE79935F96A5FA09FB2D1DCD" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36F9AE79934196A5FA09FBBD1BAD" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934196A5FA09FEAA19F9" bold="true" box="[199,308,1447,1473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE7993419723FA09FDB419F9" authorityName=": Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[321,554,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE7993419723FA09FDB419F9" box="[321,554,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Liogenys quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was redescribed for the first time by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE79934195A0FA09FB0F19F9" author="Burmeister, H." box="[962,1169,1446,1473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" refId="ref17327" refString="Burmeister, H. (1855) Handbuch der Entomologie (Coleoptera Lamellicornia Phyllophaga chaenochela). Vierter Band. Zweite Abtheilung. Theod. Chr. Fr. Enslin, Berlin, 570 pp." type="book" year="1855">Burmeister (1855)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who transferred it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE79934196F5FA65FE5119DD" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,463,1482,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Melolontha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934196F5FA65FE8619DD" box="[151,280,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Melolontha</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1775
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE7993419797FA65FDC419DC" box="[501,602,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE7993419797FA65FDC419DC" box="[501,602,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Liogenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE799341940BFA65FCBD19DD" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[617,803,1483,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" refId="ref18049" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1798) Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Proft et Storch, Copenhagen, 572 pp." type="book" year="1798">Fabricius (1798)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned in the original description that the species is from “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE7993419683FA41FE831A31" box="[225,285,1519,1545]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
Orientali” [East Indies], we interpreted that he meant West Indies instead. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7993419342FA41FF7C1A15" author="Burmeister, H." pageId="14" pageNumber="215" refId="ref17327" refString="Burmeister, H. (1855) Handbuch der Entomologie (Coleoptera Lamellicornia Phyllophaga chaenochela). Vierter Band. Zweite Abtheilung. Theod. Chr. Fr. Enslin, Berlin, 570 pp." type="book" year="1855">Burmeister (1855)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE799341977CF9BDFE5C1A16" author="Harold, E. F. von" box="[286,450,1555,1582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" refId="ref18226" refString="Harold, E. F. von (1869) Scarabaeidae. In: Gemminger, M. & von Harold, E. F. (Eds.), Catalogus coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Vol. 4. E. H. Gummi, Munich, pp. 976 - 1346." type="book" year="1869">Harold (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE79934197B3F9BDFDF11A15" authorityName=": Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[465,623,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934197B3F9BDFDF11A15" box="[465,623,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">L. quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE7993419489F9BDFCC71A15" box="[747,857,1555,1581]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE79934195F4F9BDFC6F1A15" box="[918,1009,1555,1581]" name="Guyana" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE799341959CF9BDFB0E1A15" author="Bates, H. W." box="[1022,1168,1555,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="25 - 160" refId="ref17127" refString="Bates, H. W. (1887) Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. In: Salvin, O. & Godman, F. du C. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 25 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1887">Bates (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that this species occurs in “Amazons” but this record should be disregarded as it was surely based on the misidentification of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE799341976FF9F5FEEC1A4C" box="[269,370,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE799341976FF9F5FEEC1A4C" box="[269,370,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Liogenys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE79934197E2F9F5FD911A4D" author="Bates, H. W." box="[384,527,1627,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="25 - 160" refId="ref17127" refString="Bates, H. W. (1887) Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. In: Salvin, O. & Godman, F. du C. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 25 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1887">Bates (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also cited
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE79934194E5F9F5FD7D1A4D" box="[647,739,1627,1653]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, “Volcán de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE799341950DF9F5FC521A4D" box="[879,972,1627,1653]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Chiriqui</collectingRegion>
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B1CAE79934195B1F9F4FB091A4D" box="[979,1175,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.906" metricValueMax="12.192" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" unit="ft" value="3250.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="2500.0">2500 to 4000 feet</quantity>
|
||
(Champion)” but these specimens are here identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE799341979EF9D1FD291AA1" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" box="[508,695,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE799341979EF9D1FD921AA0" box="[508,524,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE799341947AF9D1FD291AA1" box="[536,695,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">quadridentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(based on our examination of these specimens in the BMNH).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE799341930BF9D1FF7C1A86" author="Frey, G." pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="38 - 64" refId="ref18071" refString="Frey, G. (1969) Bestimmungstabelle und revision der gattung Liogenys Guerrez (Coleoptera - Melolonthinae - Macrodactylini). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 20, 38 - 64." type="journal article" year="1969">Frey (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited the distributional limits of this species, from Florida (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE7993419519F90DFB061A86" box="[891,1176,1699,1726]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">United States of America</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (presumably based on port interception specimens) to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE799341979CF969FD141AD9" box="[510,650,1735,1761]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE79934194F9F969FD7B1ADA" box="[667,741,1735,1762]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
). In his key,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7993419515F969FC631ADA" author="Frey, G." box="[887,1021,1735,1762]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="38 - 64" refId="ref18071" refString="Frey, G. (1969) Bestimmungstabelle und revision der gattung Liogenys Guerrez (Coleoptera - Melolonthinae - Macrodactylini). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 20, 38 - 64." type="journal article" year="1969">Frey (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned an intraspecific variation in the pronotal punctures and in the shape of the parameres, which he drew. At NHMB, we found the specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4F81BAE79934196B6F8A1FEFE1B11" box="[212,352,1807,1833]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
|
||
and it is here identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE79934194EAF8A1FC521B11" authority="Cherman, 2017" authorityName="Cherman" authorityYear="2017" box="[648,972,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934194EAF8A1FC891B10" box="[648,791,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">L. piauiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE799341957FF8A1FC521B11" author="Cherman, M. A. & Mise, K. M. & Moron, M. A. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M." box="[797,972,1807,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref17664" refString="Cherman, M. A., Mise, K. M., Moron, M. A., Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. & Almeida, L. M. (2017) A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae). ZooKeys, 699, 1 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 699.12031" type="journal article" year="2017">Cherman, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, we refute the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE79934193E4F8A1FE8B1B75" authorityName=": Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934193E4F8A1FE8B1B75" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">L. quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE799341975AF89DFE1E1B75" box="[312,384,1843,1869]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Among the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE799341946EF89DFD3D1B75" box="[524,675,1843,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="generic">41 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
studied from seven collections bearing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE799341923CF89DFB671B75" authorityName=": Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[1118,1273,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE799341923CF89DFB671B75" box="[1118,1273,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">L. quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
identification, we found
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD70AE799341976FF8F9FEE81B49" box="[269,374,1879,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
from Nueva Gorgona (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE79934194EAF8F9FD7A1B49" box="[648,740,1879,1905]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
) matching with the parameres drawn by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE79934192A6F8F9FAD01B4A" author="Frey, G." box="[1220,1358,1879,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="38 - 64" refId="ref18071" refString="Frey, G. (1969) Bestimmungstabelle und revision der gattung Liogenys Guerrez (Coleoptera - Melolonthinae - Macrodactylini). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey, 20, 38 - 64." type="journal article" year="1969">Frey (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and a female of the same collection event which matches with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE7993419570F8D5FC301BAD" authorityName=": Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[786,942,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE7993419570F8D5FC301BAD" box="[786,942,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">L. quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB885BAE79934195D7F8D5FB811BAD" box="[949,1055,1915,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36F9AE79935F96A5F831FB2D1DCD" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2014]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,502]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE79934196A5F831FE2C1B81" authorityName=": Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[199,434,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE79934196A5F831FE2C1B81" box="[199,434,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Liogenys quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been cited by the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE79934194D3F831FB561B81" author="United States Department of Agriculture & USDA" box="[689,1224,1951,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="46 - 58" refId="ref18751" refString="United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] (1969) List of intercepted plant pests, 1968 (Pest recorded from July 1, 1967, through June 30, 1968). Hayattsville, Maryland. U. S. G. P. O., Washington, D. C., pp. 46 - 58." type="book chapter" year="1969">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE79934194D3F831FCD61B81" box="[689,840,1951,1977]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
Department of Agriculture (1969
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE79934192B6F831FA901B81" author="United States Department of Agriculture & USDA" box="[1236,1294,1951,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="335 - 336" refId="ref18813" refString="United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] (1971) Insects not known to occur in the United States: A Scarab (Liogenys macropelma Bates). Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 21, 335 - 336." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE7993419379F831FACA1B81" author="United States Department of Agriculture & USDA" box="[1307,1364,1951,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref18853" refString="United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] (1974) List of intercepted plant pests, 1972 (Pest recorded from July 1, 1971, through June 30, 1972). Hayattsville, Maryland. U. S. G. P. O., Washington, D. C., pp. 55 - 68." type="book chapter" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in its list of intercepted plant pests, carried by aircraft, in unknown hosts. The first time cited (1967–1968) it was being carried from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE67935F970FFF39FE571C89" box="[365,457,151,177]" name="Panama" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the following (1971–1972) probably from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE67935F95B9FF39FBD01C89" box="[987,1102,151,177]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE67935F923EFF39FEC51CED" author="United States Department of Agriculture & USDA" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="46 - 58" refId="ref18751" refString="United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] (1969) List of intercepted plant pests, 1968 (Pest recorded from July 1, 1967, through June 30, 1968). Hayattsville, Maryland. U. S. G. P. O., Washington, D. C., pp. 46 - 58." type="book chapter" year="1969">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE67935F923EFF39FB6A1C89" box="[1116,1268,151,177]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
Department of Agriculture 1969
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE67935F9705FF15FE3D1CED" author="United States Department of Agriculture & USDA" box="[359,419,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref18853" refString="United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] (1974) List of intercepted plant pests, 1972 (Pest recorded from July 1, 1971, through June 30, 1972). Hayattsville, Maryland. U. S. G. P. O., Washington, D. C., pp. 55 - 68." type="book chapter" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species was also cited as a tomato plant host from Maracaibo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE67935F92D1FF15FAB81CED" box="[1203,1318,187,213]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Morales- Valles
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE67935F9686FF71FE801CC1" box="[228,286,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003), and there exists reports of this species in imported ripe tomato fruit throughout the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) region. Nonetheless, as it is not likely to be transported in tomatoes it is classified non dangerous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE67935F9438FE89FCDD1D79" author="Grousset, F. & Suffert, M. & Petter, F." box="[602,835,294,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="153 - 156" refId="ref18175" refString="Grousset, F., Suffert, M. & Petter, F. (2015) EPPO Study on pest risks associated with the import of tomato fruit. EPPO Bulletin, 45, 153 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / epp. 12180" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Grousset
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE67935F94A5FE89FD611D79" box="[711,767,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In a study on scarab beetles abundance of a tropical dry forest in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE67935F9747FEE5FE081D5D" box="[293,406,331,357]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B08AE67935F97C2FEE5FD441D5D" author="Garcia-Atencia, S. P. & Martinez-Hernandez, N. & Pardo-Locarno, L. C." box="[416,730,330,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="754 - 763" refId="ref18108" refString="Garcia-Atencia, S. P., Martinez-Hernandez, N. & Pardo-Locarno, L. C. (2015) Escarabajos fitofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en un fragmento de bosque seco tropical del departamento del Atlantico, Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 86, 754 - 763. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rmb. 2015.07.009" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
García-Atencia
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE67935F9430FEE5FD171D5D" box="[594,649,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE67935F953AFEE5FC6D1D5D" authorityName=": Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[856,1011,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE67935F953AFEE5FC6D1D5D" box="[856,1011,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">L. quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the most abundant species (1,667 individuals), characterized as an important pest of semestral crops in the Colombian Caribbean. After studying several specimens of the Caribbean region we cannot confirm that all those specimens mentioned on the previous works are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE67935F96A2FE19FEC51DE9" authorityName=": Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[192,347,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE67935F96A2FE19FEC51DE9" box="[192,347,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">L. quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although we do believe that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D7AAE67935F94C8FE19FCDB1DE9" authorityName=": Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[682,837,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EAEBAE67935F94C8FE19FCDB1DE9" box="[682,837,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">L. quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE67935F95DAFE19FBB81DE9" box="[952,1062,439,465]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(based on the known distribution in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE67935F96D6FE75FE931DCD" box="[180,269,475,501]" name="Panama" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677669AE67935F9721FE75FE251DCE" box="[323,443,475,502]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
), we did not examine any specimens to confirm this country record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |