329 lines
38 KiB
XML
329 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="00DD53460ACB09C22B0D35282C74B390">Taxonomic revision of the Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse, 1891) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3581B1F6C5DCA6A158C48FF81245E5F3">Maldaner, Maria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1A61017F88955A21CAFAF0475D82D5C5">Nunes, Rafael V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15643DDC564F4773B5BAD535EA5C1D22">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D987CF547FFFB37DBBFC6BFCBDFEF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6109946" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119637725" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6109946" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987CF547FFFB37DBBFC6BFCBDFEF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D987CF547FFFB37DBBFC6BFCBDFEF6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="553" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547FFFB47DBBFC6BFC5BFC08" blockId="3.[151,901,967,1027]" box="[151,901,967,994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<heading id="D08781B5547FFFB47DBBFC6BFC5BFC08" bold="true" box="[151,901,967,994]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47DBBFC6BFC5BFC08" ID-CoL="35ND3" authority="Waterhouse, 1891" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,901,967,994]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus" subGenus="Luederwaldtinia">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DBBFC6BFC5BFC08" bold="true" box="[151,901,967,994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DBBFC6BFD52FC0B" bold="true" box="[151,652,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) speciosus</emphasis>
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(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47FB7FC64FCA3FC08" author="Waterhouse" box="[667,893,968,994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1891) New Scarabaeidae in the British Museum: a fourth contribution. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 6 (8), 348 - 363." type="journal article" year="1891">Waterhouse, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547FFFB47DBBFC46FF32FBE9" blockId="3.[151,901,967,1027]" box="[151,236,1002,1027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DBBFC46FF7EFBE9" bold="true" box="[151,160,1002,1027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">(</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547FFFB47D8CFC46FF3DFBE9" box="[160,227,1002,1027]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1466,1488]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,347,1440]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,339,1444]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) dorsal habitus of a male Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse). (B) Dorsal habitus of a female D. speciosus. (C) Ventral view of a male paramera. (D) Lateral view of a male paramera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244400/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A6552547FFFB47DBBFB9FFC92FA83" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547FFFB47DBBFB9FFE7FFB8D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1074,1280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6011F7547FFFB47DBBFB9FFE7FFB8D" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47DBBFB9FFDE3FBA2" ID-CoL="4HZWM" authority="Waterhouse 1891: 362" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityPageNumber="362" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,573,1074,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DBBFB9FFE90FBA2" box="[151,334,1075,1096]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Pinotus speciosus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C8547FFFB47C7AFB9EFDE3FBA2" author="Waterhouse" box="[342,573,1074,1096]" page="362" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" year="1891">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47C7AFB9EFDD5FBA2" author="Waterhouse" box="[342,523,1074,1096]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1891) New Scarabaeidae in the British Museum: a fourth contribution. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 6 (8), 348 - 363." type="journal article" year="1891">Waterhouse 1891</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 362
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(description);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C8547FFFB47FFAFB9EFC49FBA2" author="Felsche" box="[726,919,1074,1096]" page="145" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" year="1901">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47FFAFB9EFCBCFBA2" author="Felsche" box="[726,866,1074,1096]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Felsche, C. (1901) Beschreibungen coprophager Scarabeiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 2, 135 - 155." type="journal article" year="1901">Felsche 1901</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 145
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C8547FFFB47E8FFB9EFBBAFBA2" author="Felsche" box="[931,1124,1074,1096]" page="342" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47E8FFB9EFBF1FBA2" author="Felsche" box="[931,1071,1074,1096]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Felsche, C. (1910) Ueber coprophage Scarabaeiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 4, 339 - 352." type="journal article" year="1910">Felsche 1910</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 342
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C8547FFFB4795CFB9EFAD1FBA2" author="Gillet" box="[1136,1295,1074,1096]" page="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB4795CFB9EFB39FBA2" author="Gillet" box="[1136,1255,1074,1096]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Gillet, J. J. E. (1911) Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus Pars 38. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 100." type="journal article" year="1911">Gillet 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 63
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C8547FFFB47830FB9EFEF3FB8D" author="Blackwelder" page="208" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" year="1944">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47830FB9EFF23FB8D" author="Blackwelder" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1944 - 1957) Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, The West Indies and South America. Parts I through part 6. United States National Museum Bulletin, 185, (Parts 1 - 6), 1 - 1492." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 208
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(citations);
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547FFFB47DBBFBDDFD01FB6C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1074,1280]" box="[151,735,1136,1158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6011F7547FFFB47DBBFBDDFD01FB6C" box="[151,735,1136,1158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47DBBFBDDFD05FB6C" ID-CoL="4HZWM" authority="Luederwaldt 1929: 105" authorityName="Luederwaldt" authorityPageNumber="105" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,731,1136,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus" subGenus="Selenocopris">
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||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DBBFBDDFE3BFB6C" box="[151,485,1136,1158]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Pinotus (Selenocopris) speciosus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C8547FFFB47CC0FBDCFD05FB6C" author="Luederwaldt" box="[492,731,1136,1158]" page="105" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47CC0FBDCFD76FB6C" author="Luederwaldt" box="[492,680,1136,1158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Luederwaldt, H. (1929) As especies brasileiras do genero Pinotus. Revista do Museu Paulista, 16, 603 - 776. [offprint: 1 - 177]" type="journal article" year="1929">Luederwaldt 1929</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 105
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547FFFB47DBBFB3CFC68FB4E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1074,1280]" box="[151,950,1166,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6011F7547FFFB47DBBFB3CFC68FB4E" box="[151,950,1166,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47DBBFB3CFD32FB4E" ID-CoL="4HZVJ" authority="Luederwaldt, 1929: 106" authorityName="Luederwaldt" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,748,1166,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pinotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens" subGenus="Selenocopris">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DBBFB3CFF3AFB4F" box="[151,228,1168,1189]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Pinotus</emphasis>
|
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(
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||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DDFFB22FE2DFB4E" box="[243,499,1166,1188]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Selenocopris) opalescens</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C8547FFFB47CD6FB22FD32FB4E" author="Luederwaldt" box="[506,748,1166,1188]" page="106" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47CD6FB22FD62FB4E" author="Luederwaldt" box="[506,700,1166,1188]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Luederwaldt, H. (1929) As especies brasileiras do genero Pinotus. Revista do Museu Paulista, 16, 603 - 776. [offprint: 1 - 177]" type="journal article" year="1929">Luederwaldt, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 106
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(misidentification);
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547FFFB47DBBFB01FE3AFB08" blockId="3.[151,1436,1074,1280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6011F7547FFFB47DBBFB01FE3AFB08" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47DBBFB01FCDEFB29" ID-CoL="35ND3" authority="Pereira 1953: 293" authorityName="Pereira" authorityPageNumber="293" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,768,1197,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus" subGenus="Luederwaldtinia">
|
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DBBFB01FEC6FB29" box="[151,280,1197,1219]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Dichotomius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47C05FB01FE0EFB29" box="[297,464,1197,1219]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Luederwaldtinia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47CCCFB02FD9FFB29" box="[480,577,1198,1219]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">speciosus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C8547FFFB47F65FB01FCDEFB29" author="Pereira" box="[585,768,1197,1219]" page="293" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" year="1953">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47F65FB01FD11FB29" author="Pereira" box="[585,719,1197,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Pereira, F. S. (1953) Dichotomius da secao Speciosus. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (18), 289 - 299." type="journal article" year="1953">Pereira 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 293
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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–298 (redescription); Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 193; Nunes & Vaz-de- Mello 2013: 417 (citations);
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547FFFB47DBBFB46FC0EFAEA" blockId="3.[151,1436,1074,1280]" box="[151,976,1258,1280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6011F7547FFFB47DBBFB46FC0EFAEA" box="[151,976,1258,1280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47DBBFB46FCD8FAEA" ID-CoL="35NCN" authority="Pereira 1953: 298" authorityName="Pereira" authorityPageNumber="298" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,774,1258,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens" subGenus="Luederwaldtinia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DBBFB46FD92FAEA" box="[151,588,1258,1280]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) opalescens</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD110C8547FFFB47F7FFB46FCD8FAEA" author="Pereira" box="[595,774,1258,1280]" page="298" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" year="1953">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47F7FFB46FD08FAEA" author="Pereira" box="[595,726,1258,1280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Pereira, F. S. (1953) Dichotomius da secao Speciosus. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (18), 289 - 299." type="journal article" year="1953">Pereira 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 298
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
(misidentification);
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547FFFB47DBBFA81FC92FA83" blockId="3.[151,1437,1325,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
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||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DBBFA81FD9AFAAC" bold="true" box="[151,580,1325,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
|
||
Specimens studied.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB887B547FFFB47CAFFA81FE1CFAAC" box="[387,450,1325,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Type</typeStatus>
|
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:
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<typeStatus id="54CB887B547FFFB47CE2FA81FDE1FAAC" box="[462,575,1325,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
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</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47F60FA82FCDEFAAF" box="[588,768,1326,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47F60FA82FCDEFAAF" box="[588,768,1326,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Copris speciosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. mihi Waterh. L. in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677649547FFFB47ECBFA81FBE0FAAC" box="[999,1086,1325,1350]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Brasilia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Lacordaire (handwritten green label) /
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB887B547FFFB47DC0FAFEFEFAFA80" box="[236,292,1362,1386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
(round red bordered label)/ 367 / 6745 [NHML].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A6552547FFFB47DEBFAD9FB2BF9A8" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547FFFB47DEBFAD9FB2BF9A8" blockId="3.[151,1437,1325,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DEBFAD9FE74FA64" bold="true" box="[199,426,1397,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Non-type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3677649547FFFB47C9FFADAFDC5FA64" box="[435,539,1398,1422]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47F0BFAD9FD0DFA64" bold="true" box="[551,723,1397,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Minas Gerais:</emphasis>
|
||
Aiuruoca.
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B3C547FFFB47E78FADAFC78FA64" box="[852,934,1398,1422]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFCE1019547FFFB47E9DFADAFBD6FA64" box="[945,1032,1398,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" value="1993-10">X.1993</date>
|
||
. A. Machado [
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD50547FFFB4799DFADAFB08FA64" box="[1201,1238,1398,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="generic">8♂</specimenCount>
|
||
6♀
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C547FFFB47826FADAFA80FA64" box="[1290,1374,1398,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
];
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB4785EFAD9FEFEFA58" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Rio de Janeiro:</emphasis>
|
||
Itatiaia.
|
||
<date id="FFCE1019547FFFB47CA6FA35FE37FA58" box="[394,489,1433,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" value="1995-03">III.1995</date>
|
||
. C. Godinho Jr. [
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD50547FFFB47F9EFA36FD06FA58" box="[690,728,1434,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
♀
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C547FFFB47E2DFA36FC8BFA58" box="[769,853,1434,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; ♀ same data but
|
||
<date id="FFCE1019547FFFB47919FA36FB45FA58" box="[1077,1179,1434,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" value="1991-12">XII.1991</date>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C547FFFB47980FA36FADCFA58" box="[1196,1282,1434,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
];
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47834FA35FA42FA58" bold="true" box="[1304,1436,1433,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">São Paulo:</emphasis>
|
||
Campos do Jordão. hum. faec.
|
||
<date id="FFCE1019547FFFB47CDAFA11FD5CFA3C" box="[502,642,1469,1494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" value="1998-12-26">26.XII.1998</date>
|
||
. Lincoln P. Almeida [
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD50547FFFB47E5BFA12FC42FA3F" box="[887,924,1470,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="generic">7♂</specimenCount>
|
||
3♀
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C547FFFB47EE3FA12FBFDFA3C" box="[975,1059,1470,1494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; same locality but
|
||
<date id="FFCE1019547FFFB479D2FA11FAA6FA3C" box="[1278,1400,1469,1494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" value="1999-02-06">06.II-1999</date>
|
||
. E. A. Pereira [
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD50547FFFB47C34FA4DFEE3FA10" box="[280,317,1505,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="generic">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 5♀
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C547FFFB47C5BFA4EFE15FA10" box="[375,459,1506,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; same locality,
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B3C547FFFB47FACFA4EFD0CFA10" box="[640,722,1506,1530]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFCE1019547FFFB47FF1FA4EFCB4FA10" box="[733,874,1506,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" value="1998-12-23">23.XII.1998</date>
|
||
. G. P. Almeida Neto [♂ ♀
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C547FFFB479B5FA4EFB33FA10" box="[1177,1261,1506,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; same data but
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B3C547FFFB47DBBF9AAFF39F9F4" box="[151,231,1542,1566]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCE1019547FFFB47DDFF9AAFE87F9F4" box="[243,345,1542,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" value="2003-12">XII.2003</date>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD50547FFFB47C4BF9AAFE55F9F4" box="[359,395,1542,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
3♀
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C547FFFB47C91F9AAFDCFF9F4" box="[445,529,1542,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; same data, but
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B3C547FFFB47FE6F9AAFCC2F9F4" box="[714,796,1542,1566]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFCE1019547FFFB47E0AF9AAFC71F9F4" box="[806,943,1542,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" value="1998-12-20">20.XII.1998</date>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD50547FFFB47E91F9A9FC3CF9F7" box="[957,994,1541,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="generic">6♂</specimenCount>
|
||
2♀
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C547FFFB4793FF9AAFBB9F9F4" box="[1043,1127,1542,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; same data, but
|
||
<date id="FFCE1019547FFFB4780CF9AAFAB7F9F4" box="[1312,1385,1542,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" value="2004-01">I.2004</date>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD50547FFFB4785BF9A9FA42F9F7" box="[1399,1436,1541,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="generic">6♂</specimenCount>
|
||
22♀
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C547FFFB47DE3F986FEFDF9A8" box="[207,291,1578,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; same data, but
|
||
<date id="FFCE1019547FFFB47CF1F986FDEEF9A8" box="[477,560,1578,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" value="2002-10">X.2002</date>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD50547FFFB47F13F985FDBDF9AB" box="[575,611,1577,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="generic">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
♀
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C547FFFB47FAAF986FD04F9A8" box="[646,730,1578,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; same locality but
|
||
<date id="FFCE1019547FFFB47E9EF985FBECF9A8" box="[946,1074,1577,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" value="1984-11-16">16.XI.1984</date>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76FD50547FFFB4796FF986FBBBF9AB" box="[1091,1125,1578,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
3♀
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED61AE1C547FFFB479BAF986FB34F9A8" box="[1174,1258,1578,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A6552547FFFB47DEBF9E1FABBF944" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547FFFB47DEBF9E1FABBF944" blockId="3.[151,1437,1325,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DEBF9E1FE9FF98C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1613,1638]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Within its species group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47F58F9E2FCDBF98F" box="[628,773,1614,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47F58F9E2FCDBF98F" box="[628,773,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">D. speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is separated by the following combination of characters: body surface green to red, always bearing red reflections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547FFFB47E1EF9DDFC4BF960" box="[818,917,1649,1674]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1624,1646]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1466,1488]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1424,436,1567]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1431,347,1440]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[150,1436,425,1599]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[150,1436,339,1444]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Diagnostic characters of the Dichotomius speciosus species group. (A) Ventral view of a male Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse) from Campos do Jordão—SP. (B) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius speciosus. (C) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius malyi n. sp. (D) Curved cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (E) Straight cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (F) Curved cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (G) Straight cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (H) Frontal view of the cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. (A) dorsal habitus of a male Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse). (B) Dorsal habitus of a female D. speciosus. (C) Ventral view of a male paramera. (D) Lateral view of a male paramera." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/244399/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/244400/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Fig. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547FFFB47E8FF9DDFC6DF960" box="[931,947,1649,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[155,1425,709,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,697,1849]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. color variation of Dichotomius speciosus and D. opalescens. (A) green-to-red female D. speciosus. (B) green female D. speciosus. (C) red female D. speciosus. (D) dark blue female D. opalescens. (E) female D. opalescens with light brown elytra. All specimens of D. speciosus are from Campos do Jordão and all specimens of D. opalescens are from São Francisco de Paula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244404/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">6</figureCitation>
|
||
); male cephalic carina bearing one horn at each end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547FFFB47C25F939FE96F944" box="[265,328,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1624,1646]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,436,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,425,1599]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagnostic characters of the Dichotomius speciosus species group. (A) Ventral view of a male Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse) from Campos do Jordão—SP. (B) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius speciosus. (C) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius malyi n. sp. (D) Curved cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (E) Straight cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (F) Curved cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (G) Straight cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (H) Frontal view of the cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
H); male pronotum strongly excavated bearing a central triangular lobed projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547FFFB479D2F939FA9CF944" box="[1278,1346,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1466,1488]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,347,1440]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,339,1444]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) dorsal habitus of a male Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse). (B) Dorsal habitus of a female D. speciosus. (C) Ventral view of a male paramera. (D) Lateral view of a male paramera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244400/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A6552547FFFB37DEBF915FA82FF3E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="553" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547FFFB37DEBF915FA82FF3E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1325,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="553" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47DEBF915FEE5F938" bold="true" box="[199,315,1721,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47C6FF915FDFDF938" author="Luederwaldt" box="[323,547,1721,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Luederwaldt, H. (1929) As especies brasileiras do genero Pinotus. Revista do Museu Paulista, 16, 603 - 776. [offprint: 1 - 177]" type="journal article" year="1929">Luederwaldt (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47E64F916FC0EF93B" box="[840,976,1722,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47E64F916FC0EF93B" box="[840,976,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">P. speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a straight cephalic carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547FFFB47812F915FAA0F938" box="[1342,1406,1721,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1624,1646]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,436,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,425,1599]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagnostic characters of the Dichotomius speciosus species group. (A) Ventral view of a male Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse) from Campos do Jordão—SP. (B) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius speciosus. (C) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius malyi n. sp. (D) Curved cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (E) Straight cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (F) Curved cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (G) Straight cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (H) Frontal view of the cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E) should be classified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47CBBF972FD52F91C" authority="Felsche" authorityName="Felsche" box="[407,652,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47CBBF972FDF0F91F" box="[407,558,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">P. opalescens</emphasis>
|
||
Felsche
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, citing both species from same or nearby localities. This was followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47D96F8ADFE83F8F0" author="Pereira" box="[186,349,1793,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Pereira, F. S. (1953) Dichotomius da secao Speciosus. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (18), 289 - 299." type="journal article" year="1953">Pereira (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who argued that these species might be synonymous. There is a comprehensive redescription of this species in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47C17F889FE00F8D4" author="Pereira" box="[315,478,1829,1854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Pereira, F. S. (1953) Dichotomius da secao Speciosus. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (18), 289 - 299." type="journal article" year="1953">Pereira (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, including descriptions of the male genitalia and mouth parts. Therefore, we consider that a new redescription is not necessary as the species is diagnosed and included in the key herein. One should consider that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47C18F8C1FDE6F86F" box="[308,568,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47C18F8C1FDE6F86F" box="[308,568,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Dichotomius speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have a straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547FFFB47E14F8C1FCA5F86C" box="[824,891,1901,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1624,1646]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,436,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,425,1599]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagnostic characters of the Dichotomius speciosus species group. (A) Ventral view of a male Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse) from Campos do Jordão—SP. (B) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius speciosus. (C) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius malyi n. sp. (D) Curved cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (E) Straight cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (F) Curved cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (G) Straight cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (H) Frontal view of the cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E, 1G) or an arcuate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547FFFB47953F8C1FB1FF86C" box="[1151,1217,1901,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1624,1646]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,436,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,425,1599]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagnostic characters of the Dichotomius speciosus species group. (A) Ventral view of a male Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse) from Campos do Jordão—SP. (B) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius speciosus. (C) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius malyi n. sp. (D) Curved cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (E) Straight cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (F) Curved cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (G) Straight cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (H) Frontal view of the cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 1F) carina. The characteristics that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47C5BF83DFD84F840" author="Luederwaldt" box="[375,602,1937,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Luederwaldt, H. (1929) As especies brasileiras do genero Pinotus. Revista do Museu Paulista, 16, 603 - 776. [offprint: 1 - 177]" type="journal article" year="1929">Luederwaldt (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547FFFB47FB5F83DFCE0F840" author="Pereira" box="[665,830,1937,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" refString="Pereira, F. S. (1953) Dichotomius da secao Speciosus. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 11 (18), 289 - 299." type="journal article" year="1953">Pereira (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used to recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB4790CF83DFAEBF843" box="[1056,1333,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB4790CF83DFAEBF843" box="[1056,1333,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">Dichotomius opalescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be considered as morphological variations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547FFFB47FA5F81AFCC5F827" box="[649,795,1974,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB547FFFB47FA5F81AFCC5F827" box="[649,795,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="552">D. speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We based our diagnosis on the intraspecific variation because it occurs in males and females at all localities and without a specific association with color or any other morphological trait. Among our studied material, some individuals are almost entirely red or green, but they conserve other invariant characteristics of this species, including the form of the male paramera (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C5478FFB379F8FF10FAC9FF3E" box="[1236,1303,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1466,1488]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,347,1440]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,339,1444]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) dorsal habitus of a male Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse). (B) Dorsal habitus of a female D. speciosus. (C) Ventral view of a male paramera. (D) Lateral view of a male paramera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244400/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A65525478FFB37DEBFF73FCBDFEF6" pageId="4" pageNumber="553" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95478FFB37DEBFF73FCBDFEF6" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5478FFB37DEBFF73FDEAFF12" bold="true" box="[199,564,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Distribution and conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Highlands of the Mantiqueira mountain range, around the triple border of the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C5478FFB37FD2FEA8FC9FFEF6" box="[766,833,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1679,1701]" captionTargetBox="[155,1420,691,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,685,1667]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. distribution map of the Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse) species group, except for D. malyi, with uncertain locality. (A) Distribution of D. speciosus, D. opalescens (Felsche) and D. alvarengai n. sp. (B) detailed map of the distribution of D. speciosus and D. alvarengai n. sp. showing Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra da Boqueira Ranges. (C) Detailed distribution of D. opalescens showing the Serra Geral range." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="553">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |