938 lines
125 KiB
XML
938 lines
125 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66ba5520-2b6d-4925-8dea-ce6abf9a724b" ID-PMC="PMC8803752" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1083-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="958BB719DA1D54DB801A9004E3D80C99" ID-PubMed="35115872" ID-ZooBank="D263A9C3D2EB4A2D9D7FECAC41AFD710" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1083-13" checkinTime="1643093437741" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Paramonov, Nikolai, Imada, Yume, Kato, Daichi, Gamboa, Maribet, Shinoka, Dai, Kato, Makoto & Watanabe, Kozo" docDate="2022" docId="565C6AA8CC185836B8F3EABE25232A20" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1083: 13-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1083" docPubDate="2022-01-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624" docTitle="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="958BB719DA1D54DB801A9004E3D80C99" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="958BB719DA1D54DB801A9004E3D80C99" masterDocTitle="Notes on the taxonomic status and distribution of some Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea), with emphasis on Japanese species" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668151423222" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Notes on the taxonomic status and distribution of some Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea), with emphasis on Japanese species</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kolcsar, Levente-Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7784-2386</mods:nameIdentifier>
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||
<mods:affiliation>Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kolcsar.peter@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Paramonov, Nikolai</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Imada, Yume</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-7389</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2 - 5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790 - 8577 Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
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||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Kato, Daichi</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Echigo-Matsunoyama Museum of Natural Sciences, ' Kyororo', 1712 - 2 Matsunoyama, Tokamachi, 942 - 1411, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gamboa, Maribet</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, 409054 Concepcion, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Shinoka, Dai</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation>Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Kato, Makoto</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Kyoto, 606 - 8501 Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Watanabe, Kozo</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7062-595X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-01-24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1083</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>13</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1083-13</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D263A9C3D2EB4A2D9D7FECAC41AFD710</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">958BB719DA1D54DB801A9004E3D80C99</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="192586639" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:565C6AA8CC185836B8F3EABE25232A20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/565C6AA8CC185836B8F3EABE25232A20" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="565C6AA8-CC18-5836-B8F3-EABE25232A20" authority="(Meigen, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818)</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of " Triogma kuwanai " form H Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of " Triogma limbinervis " form." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637478" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Occurrence data in Japan and surrounding areas of A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) and D. caudata Takahashi, 1960. Red dots indicate locations of investigated specimens, white dots indicate approximate locations of literature data. Green dot indicate approximate location of type locality of D. caudata Takahashi, 1960." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637481" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Tipula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tipula brevicornis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">Tipula brevicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Zetterstedt, 1838)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Krogerus" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma tenebrarum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrarum">Cylindrotoma tenebrarum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Krogerus, 1937
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peus" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima subsp. borealis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distinctissima" subSpecies="borealis">Cylindrotoma distinctissima borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peus, 1952
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Cylindrotoma japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1919, syn. nov.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="327 - 348" refId="B2" refString="Alexander, CP, 1919. Undescribed species of Japanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 12: 327 - 348, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" title="Undescribed species of Japanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" volume="12" year="1919">Alexander 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 344-345: original description;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="531 - 611" refId="B5" refString="Alexander, CP, 1924. New or little-known crane flies from northern Japan (Tipulidae, Diptera). Philippine Journal of Science 24: 531 - 611" title="New or little-known crane flies from northern Japan (Tipulidae, Diptera)." volume="24" year="1924">Alexander 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 595: faunistic records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B6" refString="Alexander, CP, 1928. Diptera. Family Tipulidae, Subfam. Cylindrotominae. Genera Insectorum 187: 1 - 16" title="Diptera. Family Tipulidae, Subfam. Cylindrotominae." volume="187" year="1928">Alexander 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9: distribution, illustrations;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Esaki, T" journalOrPublisher="Hokuryukan Ltd, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B20" refString="Esaki, T, 1950. Diptera. Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum, Ed. 2. Hokuryukan Ltd, Tokyo" title="Diptera. Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum, Ed. 2." year="1950">Esaki 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1513: illustration;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ishida, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B27" refString="Ishida, H, 1955. The catalogue of the Japanese Tipulidae, with the keys to the genera and subgenera. II. Tipula (part) and Cylindrotominae. Annual Report of the Hyogo Agricultural College (Kenkyu Shuroku, 1955) 5: 59-77." title="The catalogue of the Japanese Tipulidae, with the keys to the genera and subgenera. II. Tipula (part) and Cylindrotominae. Annual Report of the Hyogo Agricultural College (Kenkyu Shuroku, 1955) 5: 59 - 77." year="1955">Ishida 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 77: distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Takahashi, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="81 - 91" refId="B62" refString="Takahashi, M, 1960. A revision of Japanese Cylindrotominae (Diptera, Tipulidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 6: 81 - 91" title="A revision of Japanese Cylindrotominae (Diptera, Tipulidae)." volume="6" year="1960">Takahashi 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 81: distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="119 - 126" refId="B13" refString="Alexander, CP, 1966. The crane-fly fauna of the southern Kuriles (Tipulidae, Diptera). Mushi 39: 119 - 126" title="The crane-fly fauna of the southern Kuriles (Tipulidae, Diptera)." volume="39" year="1966">Alexander 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 122: distribution, faunistic records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sidorenko, VS" editor="Ler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Vol. VI. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 1. Dalnauka, Vladivostok" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="68 - 70" refId="B58" refString="Sidorenko, VS, 1999. Cylindrotomidae. In: Ler, PA, Ed., Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. VI. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 1. Dalnauka, Vladivostok: 68 - 70" title="Cylindrotomidae." volumeTitle="Key to the insects of Russian Far East." year="1999">Sidorenko 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 68-70: identification key, illustration, distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nakamura, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Tochigi Prefectural Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="23 - 30" refId="B35" refString="Nakamura, T, 2001. Cylindrotomidae of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan (Diptera, Tipulidae). Bulletin of the Tochigi Prefectural Museum 18: 23 - 30" title="Cylindrotomidae of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan (Diptera, Tipulidae)." volume="18" year="2001">Nakamura 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 23-29: identification key, illustration, distribution, faunistic records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pilipenko, VE" journalOrPublisher="Far Eastern Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="11 - 12" refId="B48" refString="Pilipenko, VE, Sidorenko, VS, 2004. International biodiversity observation year (IBOY), Crane flies (Diptera, Tipulidae, Cylindrotomidae) of the forest ecosystems of Primorye. Far Eastern Entomologist 136: 11 - 12" title="International biodiversity observation year (IBOY), Crane flies (Diptera, Tipulidae, Cylindrotomidae) of the forest ecosystems of Primorye." volume="136" year="2004">Pilipenko and Sidorenko 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 12 faunistic records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boldgiv, B" journalOrPublisher="Swedish Species Information Centre, Uppsala" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" publicationUrl="https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3246143" refId="B16" refString="Boldgiv, B, 2006. Spatial and genetic patterns of crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) from Lake Hovsgol region, Mongolia. PhD Thesis; Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania, USA. https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3246143" title="Spatial and genetic patterns of crane flies (Diptera, Tipuloidea) from Lake Hovsgol region, Mongolia. PhD Thesis; Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania, USA." url="https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3246143" year="2006">Boldgiv 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: phylogeny, faunistic records; in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Paramonov, NM" editor="Leley, AS" journalOrPublisher="6. Diptera and Siphonaptera. 4. Supplement. Dalnauka, Vladivostok" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="887 - 889" refId="B43" refString="Paramonov, NM, 2006. Cylindrotomidae. In: Leley, AS, Ed., Key to the Insects of Russian Far East. 6. Diptera and Siphonaptera. 4. Supplement. Dalnauka, Vladivostok: 887 - 889" title="Cylindrotomidae." volumeTitle="Key to the Insects of Russian Far East." year="2006">Paramonov 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima subsp. japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distinctissima" subSpecies="japonica">Cylindrotoma distinctissima japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 888: stat. nov., identification key, illustration, distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[59:TCFFCD]2.0.CO;2" author="Gelhaus, JK" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B23" refString="Gelhaus, JK, Podenas, S, Oyunchuluun, Y, Podeniene, V, 2007. The crane fly family Cylindrotomidae (Diptera), newly recorded for Mongolia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 156: 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[59:TCFFCD]2.0.CO;2" title="The crane fly family Cylindrotomidae (Diptera), newly recorded for Mongolia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 156: 59 - 69." url="https://doi.org/10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[59:TCFFCD]2.0.CO;2" year="2007">Gelhaus et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 64 comparison;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sasakawa, M" journalOrPublisher="Occasional from the Osaka Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="127 - 136" refId="B57" refString="Sasakawa, M, 2008. A list of the Dipterous specimens (Insecta) deposited in the Osaka Museum of Natural History. Shi Zenshi Kenkyu. Occasional from the Osaka Museum of Natural History 3 (8): 127 - 136" title="A list of the Dipterous specimens (Insecta) deposited in the Osaka Museum of Natural History. Shi Zenshi Kenkyu." volume="3" year="2008">Sasakawa 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 131: faunistic records;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nakamura, T" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Kanawaga" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B37" refString="Nakamura, T, 2014. Cylindrotomidae. In: Nakamura T, Saigusa T, Suwa M (Eds) Catalogue of the insects of Japan, Volume 8 Diptera (Part 1 Nematocera - BrachyceraAschiza), Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, 54." title="Cylindrotomidae. In: Nakamura T, Saigusa T, Suwa M (Eds) Catalogue of the insects of Japan, Volume 8 Diptera (Part 1 Nematocera - BrachyceraAschiza), Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, 54." year="2014">Nakamura 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 54: distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kato, D" journalOrPublisher="Makunagi / Acta Dipterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="7 - 24" refId="B29" refString="Kato, D, Suzuki, Y, 2017. A revised list of the crane flies of Kanagawa, Japan, with newly recorded species (Diptera, Tipuloidea). Makunagi/Acta Dipterologica 28: 7 - 24" title="A revised list of the crane flies of Kanagawa, Japan, with newly recorded species (Diptera, Tipuloidea)." volume="28" year="2017">Kato and Suzuki 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 16: faunistic records, distribution;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa177" author="Imada, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1156 - 1204" refId="B26" refString="Imada, Y, 2020. Moss mimesis par excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 (4): 1156 - 1204, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa177" title="Moss mimesis par excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa177" volume="193" year="2020">Imada 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: biology and ecology of larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peus" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima subsp. alpestris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distinctissima" subSpecies="alpestris">Cylindrotoma distinctissima alpestris</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peus, 1952, syn. nov.:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peus, F" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B47" refString="Peus, F, 1952. Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1-80." title="Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1 - 80." year="1952">Peus 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: original description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Type material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1919:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Japan</emphasis>
|
||
• ♀; Saitama Pref., Saitama; 31 May 1919; R. Takahashi leg.; USNM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Non-type material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="distinctissima" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima subsp. distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distinctissima" subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818):
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Finland</emphasis>
|
||
• 1 ♂;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vieremä">Vieremae</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mammonhauta;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="63.924404" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="63.924404">63.924404°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="26.869023" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="26.869022">26.869023°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 135; 18 Jun. 2008 - 13 Jul. 2008; J. Salmela leg.; CKLP.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Russia</emphasis>
|
||
• 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Krasnodar Krai, Apsheronsky District, Mezmay Settlement, Kamyshanova polyana, Mezmaika River;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.16989" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.16989">44.16989°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="40.05181" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="40.05181">40.05181°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1200 m; 11 Jun. 2004; N.M. Paramonov leg.; CKLP.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1919:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Japan</emphasis>
|
||
• 1 ♂; Mt. Shirouma Alps,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.78" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.78">36.78°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="137.7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="137.7">137.7°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 8 Aug. 1931; J. Machida leg.; USNM. • 1 ♀; Aomori, Towada, Sakura Spa, Okuse;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="40.627315" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.627316">40.627315°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="140.909831" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.90984">140.909831°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 854 m; 21 Jun. 2014, D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Aomori, Nishimeyamura, Okawa Path, Kawaratai;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="40.500625" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.500626">40.500625°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="140.204058" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.20406">140.204058°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 300 m; 18 Sep. 2013; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂, reared from larva; Gifu, Takayama, Nigorikawa;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.0545" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.0545">36.0545°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="137.55818" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="137.55818">137.55818°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1375 m; larva collected: 5 Aug. 2015, emerged: 26 May. 2015; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Gifu, Mt. Norikura, Japanese Alps;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.12" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.12">36.12°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="137.5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="137.5">137.5°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 26 Jun. 1929; J. Machida leg.; USNM. • 1 ♀; Hokkaido, Sapporo, Minami-ku, Jozankei, trail of Mt. Sapporo;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="42.92392" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.92392">42.92392°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="141.17688" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="141.17688">141.17688°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 450-860 m; 3 Sep. 2018; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 2 ♂, 3 ♀; Hokkaido, Higashikawa, Asahidake, River Yukomabetsu;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="43.65226" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.65226">43.65226°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="142.80229" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="142.80229">142.80229°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1120 m; 23 Jul. 2019; L.-P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg.; CKLP. • 2 ♂; Hokkaido, Higashikawa, Asahidake;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="43.65582" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.65582">43.65582°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="142.82608" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="142.82608">142.82608°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1100-1500 m; 24 Jul. 2019; L.-P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
|
||
, leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Hokkaido, Ashoro, Meakan Moutain, small sandy/muddy stream;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="43.3907" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="43.3907">43.3907°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="143.96821" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="143.96822">143.96821°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 365 m; 27 Jul. 2019; L.-P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♀; Iwate, Hachimantai, Toshiti Spa;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="39.94253" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.94253">39.94253°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="140.86804" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.86804">140.86804°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1344 m; 3 Aug. 2013; • 1 ♀; same locality; 1 Jul. 2014; • 1 ♂; same locality; 5 Aug. 2014; • 2 ♀; same locality; 20 Sep. 2014; • 1 ♀; same locality; 5 Aug. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 3 ♂; Nagano, Matsumoto, Azumi, Mt. Norikura, near Kuraigahara-Sansou;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.11987" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.11987">36.11987°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="137.5692" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="137.5692">137.5692°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 2370 m; 22 Jul. 2016; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Ueda, Daimyozin stream, Sugadaira MRC;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.51992" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.51992">36.51992°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="138.3539" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="138.3539">138.3539°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1315 m; 27 Aug. 2012; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 2 ♂; Nagano, Sakae-mura, Sakai, Koakazawa-gawa River;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.85352" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.85352">36.85352°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="138.66358" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="138.66357">138.66358°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1320-1600 m; 19. Sep. 2019; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Chino, Shibunoyu;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.03582" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.03582">36.03582°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="138.32771" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="138.32771">138.32771°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1863 m; 21 Jul. 2013; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 2 ♂; Nagano, Miyada, Kisokomagatake;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.76917" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.76917">35.76917°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="137.8357" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="137.8357">137.8357°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1683 m; 13 Aug. 2013; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Matsumoto, Kamikouchi;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.20966" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.20966">36.20966°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="137.60662" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="137.60661">137.60662°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1320 m; 3 Aug. 2014; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♀; Niigata, Yuzawa, Mitsumata, Mt. Naeba;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.85616" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.85616">36.85616°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="138.71041" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="138.7104">138.71041°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 1500-1900 m; 8 Aug. 2019; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Niigata, Kurokawa, Echigo;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="38.05" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="38.05">38.05°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="139.47" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="139.47">139.47°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 19 May 1954; B. Kintaro leg.; USNM. • 1 ♀; Okayama, Maniwa, Hiruzen-Shimotokuyama;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.32931" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.32931">35.32931°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="133.59725" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="133.59724">133.59725°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 784 m; 17 May. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 2 ♀; Tokyo, Tokyo, Akiruno, rocky river and stream;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.74766" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.74766">35.74766°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="139.18466" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="139.18466">139.18466°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 288 m; 11 May. 2019; L.-P.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Tokyo, Tokyo, Mitake;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.78" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="35.78">35.78°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="139.14" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="139.14">139.14°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 10 May. 1931; B. Oda leg.; USNM. • 1 ♂; Toyama, Kurobegoro;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.38" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.38">36.38°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="137.47" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="137.47">137.47°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 8 Aug. 1931; Imanishi leg.; USNM. • 1 ♀; Yamagata, Yonezawa, Shirabu-onsen;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="37.77646" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.77646">37.77646°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="140.11964" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.11964">140.11964°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt. 888 m; 26 Jun. 2015; Y. Imada leg.; CYI.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Russia</emphasis>
|
||
• 1 ♂; Saghalien [Far East, Sakhalin Oblast], Shimizu; 1922.07.27, T. Esaki leg.; USNM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Colouration very variable, base colour whitish yellow to dark orange, with pale brown to black markings.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Vertex and occiput with dark area, size variable among specimens, larger on "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peus" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma borealis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" and "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form; yellowish around eye (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3C, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rostrum short, yellow to brown, without nasus, but with tuft of hairs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3F, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palpus five segmented, last segment 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than penultimate segment. Antenna yellowish brown to black (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3F, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); scape short, as long as wide; pedicel short, subspherical to drop-shaped; flagellum 14 segmented (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Flagellar segments simple in both sexes, not expanded ventrally, covered with dense, whitish setae (sensilla), especially in ventral side (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
); sensilla less dense in female; first flagellomere longer than second in both sexes; verticels black, relatively long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
thorax of male, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
head and thorax dorsal view of pale "
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
head and thorax dorsal view of dark, "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
head of female, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
head of male, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
female terminalia lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Antennae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Diogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diogma caudata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diogma caudata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Takahashi, 1960
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Diogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diogma glabrata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diogma glabrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma mikado" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikado">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma mikado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Alexander, 1919)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma brevipecten" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma brevipecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1932
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma serraticornis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma serraticornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1919
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Triogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triogma kuwanai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuwanai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Triogma kuwanai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Whitish yellow to dark orange, with contrasting black marks. Cervical sclerites brown to black. Pronotum pale in middle, darker laterally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3B, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesonotal pattern variable, from three longitudinal, pale brown ("
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peus" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma alpestris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma alpestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form) to black (the typical "
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) markings to one large patch ("
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
); longitudinal mesonotal suture distinct, formed by deep groove (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scutellum yellow, triangular (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mediotergite yellow, posterior part black (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anepisternum and katepisternum separated, both darker ventrally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Katatergite yellow, black above posterior spiracle, with creases. Coxa base yellow to pale brown, apically yellow, trochanter yellowish (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); femur and tibia yellowish, with distinct and wide, black ring at tip; tarsus uniformly black. Stem of halter yellow, knob usually darker. Wing hyaline, with yellowish brown to brown tinge; veins brown to black; pterostigma brown to black (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of " Triogma kuwanai " form H Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of " Triogma limbinervis " form." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637478" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); wing membrane with interference patterns, visible with dark background (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Four branches of M reaching wing margin. Cell a2 less than 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637478" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Wing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Diogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diogma caudata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diogma caudata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Takahashi, 1960
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Diogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diogma glabrata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diogma glabrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma mikado" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikado">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma mikado</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Alexander, 1919)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma brevipecten" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma brevipecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1932
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma serraticornis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma serraticornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1919
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Triogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triogma kuwanai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuwanai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Triogma kuwanai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Alexander, 1913) of "
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Triogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triogma kuwanai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuwanai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Triogma kuwanai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Triogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triogma kuwanai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuwanai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Triogma kuwanai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Alexander, 1913) of "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Triogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triogma limbinervis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbinervis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Triogma limbinervis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Yellow ("
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peus" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma alpestris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma alpestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form) to almost black ("
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" form); gradually lightening caudally, without clear pattern or with narrow longitudinal line medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Male terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Black, directed dorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 9 partly fused with gonocoxite (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Caudal margin of tergite 9 with deep V-shaped notch at middle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior edge of tergite 9 forming dorsal and ventral portion in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
), shapes variable among specimens. Gonocoxite fused with sternite 9 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); gonocoxite with ventral crescent-shaped lobe (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
: vl); apical lobe of gonocoxite (al) prominent, well separated, directed inward; both ventral and inner lateral margins sclerotised, shape variable (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6A, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonostylus undivided; twisted, widening in caudal view, shape variable among and within population(s) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
, Japan; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
, Finland). Interbase small, without membranous or sclerotised lobe between interbases (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aedeagus dorsoventrally flattened, gently curved dorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6J</figureCitation>
|
||
), gradually narrowing to tip, shape variable among and within population(s) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6H, I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
, Japan; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6M</figureCitation>
|
||
, Finland); tip divided into three short, nearly equal tubes in last 1/4 of its length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spines on lateral branch of aedeagus small, indistinct (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genital structures of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818) (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A-M</emphasis>
|
||
), in comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken, 1865 (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">N-P</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus complex, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">I</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus complex, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">J</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus complex, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K</emphasis>
|
||
tip of the aedeagus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the aedeagus (Japan)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">M</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the aedeagus (Finland);
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">N</emphasis>
|
||
apical lobe of the gonocoxite
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">O</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the gonostylus caudal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
|
||
shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s9 - sternite 9; t9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Female terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Brown to black, strongly sclerotised (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 8 separated in middle by membranous area (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 9 larger than tergite 8 in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 10 with elongated Y-shaped projection, shape variable among specimens (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
, Japan; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
, Russia (Krasnodar Krai), Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
, Finland). Cercus with serrate, cutting edge on inner-dorsal surface (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hypogynial valve on dorsal side with bulbous or triangular projection near middle, shape variable within specimens (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); distal part of hypogynial valve narrowing to tip. Three, relatively large spermathecae present, diameter ~ 0.15-0.2 of wide of sternite 8; duct of spermatheca straight or curved (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sperm ducts simple, without darkened areas (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternite 10 with a small notch at tip, less sclerotised at midline (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-J) and C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (K) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) D shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland) E sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view F shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve G sternite 10 H genital opening and sperm ducts I spermathecae (Japan) J spermathecae (Finland) K spermathecae of C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t 8 - tergite 8; t 9 - tergite 9; t 10 - tergite 10; t 10 s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t 10 ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s 8 - stergite 8." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637480" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genital structures of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818) (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A-J</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken, 1865 (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Krasnodar Krai, Russia)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||
shape variant of median lobe of tergite 10 (Finland)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||
sternite 8 and hypogynial valves, inner dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
|
||
shape variant of tip of the hypogynial valve
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
|
||
sternite 10
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
|
||
genital opening and sperm ducts
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">I</emphasis>
|
||
spermathecae (Japan)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">J</emphasis>
|
||
spermathecae (Finland)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K</emphasis>
|
||
spermathecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken, 1865. Abbreviations: ce - cutting edge; crc - cercus; hv - hypogynial valve; t8 - tergite 8; t9 - tergite 9; t10 - tergite 10; t10s - tergite 10 triangular sclerite; t10ll - tergite 10 lateral lobe; s8 - stergite 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Widely distributed species in Palearctic, known from: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (North European territory, Central European territory, South European territory, West Siberia (Altay), Far East (Kamchatka Krai, Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin Oblast (incl. Kuril I), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Turkey (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Paramonov, NM" journalOrPublisher="Far Eastern Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="6 - 8" refId="B45" refString="Paramonov, NM, Lobkova, LE, 2013. New host plants for larvae of Cylindrotoma distinctissima distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae). Far Eastern Entomologist 258: 6 - 8" title="New host plants for larvae of Cylindrotoma distinctissima distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae)." volume="258" year="2013">Paramonov and Lobkova 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15298/euroasentj.20.1.07" author="Devyatkov, VI" journalOrPublisher="Euroasian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="49 - 51" refId="B21" refString="Devyatkov, VI, 2021. Data on the crane fly fauna of the families Cylindrotomidae, Ptychopteridae and Tanyderidae (Diptera) of eastern and northeastern Kazakhstan. Euroasian Entomological Journal 20: 49 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15298/euroasentj.20.1.07" title="Data on the crane fly fauna of the families Cylindrotomidae, Ptychopteridae and Tanyderidae (Diptera) of eastern and northeastern Kazakhstan." url="https://doi.org/10.15298/euroasentj.20.1.07" volume="20" year="2021">Devyatkov 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oosterbroek, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" publicationUrl="https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" refId="B39" refString="Oosterbroek, P, 2021. Catalogue of the Crane flies of the World (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera, Tipuloidea). https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" title="Catalogue of the Crane flies of the World (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera, Tipuloidea)." url="https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" year="2021">Oosterbroek 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Distribution records of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Mongolia and Japan (Hokkaido I, Honshu I, and Kyushu I) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Occurrence data in Japan and surrounding areas of A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) and D. caudata Takahashi, 1960. Red dots indicate locations of investigated specimens, white dots indicate approximate locations of literature data. Green dot indicate approximate location of type locality of D. caudata Takahashi, 1960." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637481" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637481" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Occurrence data in Japan and surrounding areas of
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma distinctissima" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Diogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diogma glabrata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diogma glabrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818) and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Cylindrotomidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. caudata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="caudata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D. caudata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Takahashi, 1960. Red dots indicate locations of investigated specimens, white dots indicate approximate locations of literature data. Green dot indicate approximate location of type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Cylindrotomidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. caudata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="caudata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D. caudata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Takahashi, 1960.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The species was originally described 250 years ago from Europe, where it is among the most widespread of cylindrotomines. The colour polymorphisms of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described as separate species or subspecies.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peus, F" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B47" refString="Peus, F, 1952. Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1-80." title="Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1 - 80." year="1952">Peus (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
separated three subspecies, the nominate subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Meigen, 1818), widespread in Europe,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. d. subsp. borealis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peus, 1952 from Norway, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. d. subsp. alpestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="alpestris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. alpestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peus, 1952 from Italian Alps. Later,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma d. subsp. borealis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma d. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was raised to species rank based on the generally darker habitus and slightly different genital characters (Salmela and Autio 2007). As the COI gene
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="sequence’s">sequence's</normalizedToken>
|
||
genetic distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. borealis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was low, the species was later synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Salmela 2013). In our ML tree,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. borealis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences were also not separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma d. subsp. alpestris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="alpestris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma d. alpestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was treated as species in CCW (2018-2021), because it showed the sympatric distribution with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Alps (Italy). This subspecies was designated based on very pale colouration, compared with the nominative subspecies, but the male terminalia does not show any differentiation, which was highlighted in the original description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peus, F" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B47" refString="Peus, F, 1952. Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1-80." title="Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1 - 80." year="1952">Peus (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Peus noted that this subspecies maybe just a local colour variation, as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens showed colour polymorphisms, especially in mountain specimens (as noted by the personal experience of N. Paramonov), but there is no genital differentiation between the two species, and therefore we synonymise
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. d. subsp. alpestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="alpestris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. alpestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
syn. nov. with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Another species related to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from Japan. The description of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma japonica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1919, was based on the darker colouration of the thorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="327 - 348" refId="B2" refString="Alexander, CP, 1919. Undescribed species of Japanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 12: 327 - 348, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" title="Undescribed species of Japanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/12.4.327" volume="12" year="1919">Alexander 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The rank of this species was first questioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Paramonov, NM" editor="Leley, AS" journalOrPublisher="6. Diptera and Siphonaptera. 4. Supplement. Dalnauka, Vladivostok" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="887 - 889" refId="B43" refString="Paramonov, NM, 2006. Cylindrotomidae. In: Leley, AS, Ed., Key to the Insects of Russian Far East. 6. Diptera and Siphonaptera. 4. Supplement. Dalnauka, Vladivostok: 887 - 889" title="Cylindrotomidae." volumeTitle="Key to the Insects of Russian Far East." year="2006">Paramonov (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who referred to it as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his identification key of The
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cylindrotomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Far East Russia. Our morphological and genetic comparisons suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not differ significantly from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even at the subspecies level. The colouration of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a high level of variability in Japan. The specimens collected in Hokkaido Island, have, typically, three separated black marks on the mesonotum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B thorax of male, lateral view C head and thorax dorsal view of pale " Cylindrotoma distinctissima " form D head and thorax dorsal view of dark, " Cylindrotoma japonica " form E head of female, lateral view F head of male, lateral view G female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637476" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small genital differences occur between the typical examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the shape of the apical gonocoxal lobe (rectangular in Japanese specimens (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and less sclerotised and rounded in studied European specimens Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
), the shape of aedeagus (evenly narrowing in Japanese specimens Figure
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6L</figureCitation>
|
||
, and broader at the middle in examined European specimens Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6M</figureCitation>
|
||
), as well as the shape of the gonostylus in caudal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genital structures of Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) (A-M), in comparison to C. americana Osten Sacken, 1865 (N-P) A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view; D Apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Japan) E apical lobe of the gonocoxite (Finland) F shape of the gonostylus caudal view (Japan) G shape of the gonostylus caudal view - Finland H aedeagus complex, dorsal view I aedeagus complex, ventral view J aedeagus complex, lateral view K tip of the aedeagus L shape of the aedeagus (Japan) M shape of the aedeagus (Finland); C. americana Osten Sacken N apical lobe of the gonocoxite O shape of the gonostylus caudal view P shape of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ae - aedeagus; al - gonocoxite apical lobe; eja - ejaculatory apodeme; gc - gonocoxite; gs - gonostylus; ib - interbase; pm - paramere; sp - sperm pump; s 9 - sternite 9; t 9 - tergite 9; vl - gonocoxite ventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637479" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, these also show variability amongst specimens (see illustrations by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peus, F" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B47" refString="Peus, F, 1952. Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1-80." title="Cylindrotomidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3, Lief, 1 - 80." year="1952">Peus 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 27; Salmela and Autio 2007; figs 1e, 2b, e).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ujvarosi, L" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Romanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="47 - 50" refId="B64" refString="Ujvarosi, L, Kolcsar, LP, Vaida, R, 2011. Additions to the Cylindrotomidae (Insecta, Diptera) fauna of Bulgaria and Romania. Entomologica Romanica 16: 47 - 50" title="Additions to the Cylindrotomidae (Insecta, Diptera) fauna of Bulgaria and Romania." volume="16" year="2011">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ujvárosi">Ujvarosi</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2) illustrated the high variability level of the ventral lobe of the gonocoxite in Bulgarian and Romanian populations in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. d. subsp. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="d." subSpecies="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. d. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we did not find that similar variability in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens examined.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
syn. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are now synonymised based on the high colour variability level, the minimal genital differences, and the small genetic differentiation between the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cylindrotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrotoma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Cylindrotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described from the Nearctic, which are related to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken, 1865,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. juncta" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="juncta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. juncta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Coquillett, 1900,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. splendens" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. splendens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Doane, 1900, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pallescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="pallescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. pallescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander, 1931. After the revision of North American
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cylindrotomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, these later three species were synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the latter species was treated as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima subsp. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subSpecies" species="distinctissima" subSpecies="americana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken, 1865, as their male terminalia were highly similar to each other (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brodo, F" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="71 - 115" refId="B17" refString="Brodo, F, 1967. A review of the subfamily Cylindrotominae in North America (Diptera, Tipulidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 47: 71 - 115" title="A review of the subfamily Cylindrotominae in North America (Diptera, Tipulidae)." volume="47" year="1967">Brodo 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Molecular analysis shows a relatively high (~ 4.6%) genetic distance between the Nearctic and Palearctic subspecies, and a slight genital difference between these two clades was found in our study (see below the comparative diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Based upon the two
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="subspecies’">subspecies'</normalizedToken>
|
||
genetic and geographic separation, the two subspecies are now raised to species rank,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stat. reval. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinctissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="distinctissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. distinctissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. americana" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows an additional molecular differentiation, as specimens from Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada were found to belong to a separate barcode BIN (BOLD:ABA1601), and the remaining sequences, both from western and eastern parts of North America represent another barcode BIN (BOLD:AAV1805). The phylogenetic relationship between these clades is not resolved in the molecular tree and lowly supported (Bootstrap: 65) in our analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |