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<mods:title id="0AC382CAF9685F8BFE6719DDC0E9523A">Polystichum dongchuanense and P. menglaense (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from Yunnan, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="989DB556E239095C98C4937229D55002">Liang, Zhen-Long</mods:namePart>
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Z.L.Liang, Z.R.He &amp; Li Bing Zhang
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, 
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(
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&amp; 
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, elev. 
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, in valley under the broadleaved forest, 
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&amp; 
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.
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LZL1293
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(
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!; isotype 
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!)
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.
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Diagnosis:— 
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<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF87F214FEAFF809D305F82F" box="[284,603,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="114">Polystichum dongchuanense</emphasis>
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is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="DBD94D60FF87F214FC94F808D5F2F82E" authority="Christ (1902: 59 - 260)" authorityName="Christ" authorityPageNumber="59 - 260" authorityYear="1902" box="[807,1196,1956,1983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutidens">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF87F214FC94F808D2F3F82F" box="[807,941,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="114">P. acutidens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="78484B12FF87F214FC07F809D5F2F82E" author="Christ, H." box="[948,1196,1956,1983]" pageId="0" pageNumber="114" pagination="189 - 274" refId="ref2738" refString="Christ, H. (1902) Filices Bodinierianae. Bulletin de l'Academie Internationale de Geographie Botanique 11 (153 - 154): 189 - 274." type="journal article" year="1902">Christ (1902: 59–260)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in plant size and pinna size, but the former has oblong-lanceolate pinnae with biserrate margins, and its fertile pinnae have fewer (1–5) sori that are terminal at the upper part of pinnae, whereas the latter has falcate pinnae with serrate margins, and its fertile pinnae have more (18–30) sori that are distributed on whole fertile pinnae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="48A6666BFF86F215FF3BF95CD2F1F8BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5413743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5413743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5413743/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" startId="1.[136,229,1777,1799]" targetBox="[151,1436,187,1750]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="1C6636E3FF86F215FF3BF95CD2F1F8BA" blockId="1.[136,1451,1777,1836]" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF86F215FF3BF95CD1A9F896" bold="true" box="[136,247,1777,1799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="DBD94D60FF86F215FEB1F95FD34DF896" authorityName="Z. L. Liang, Z. R. He &amp; Li Bing Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[258,531,1778,1799]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dongchuanense">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF86F215FEB1F95FD34DF896" box="[258,531,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">Polystichum dongchuanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—A. Habitat.—B. Habit of the plant on the rock.—C. Portion of abaxial lamina.—D. Portion of adaxial lamina.—E. Pinna apex showing sori and indusia.—F. SEM image of spore.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1C6636E3FF86F217FF0EF8F7D367FD21" blockId="1.[136,1452,1882,2089]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,158,1337]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="1" pageNumber="115">
Plants perennial, evergreen, (35–) 
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tall. Rhizomes erect, ca. 
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long, ca. 
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in diam., with remnant bases of old petioles; roots dull brown when dried, up to 
<quantity id="DB219B06FF86F215FCBBF8D3D210F808" box="[776,846,1918,1945]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long, ca. 
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in diam. Leaves in tufts; petioles 
<quantity id="DB219B06FF86F215FA3CF8D3D1BCF82C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="10.25" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="8.0">8– 12.5 cm</quantity>
long, 
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diam, stramineous basal portions covered with scales; proximal petiole scales ovate to ovatelanceolate, 1.5–3 × 
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, papery, dull brown or brown, margins weakly fimbriate, apex acuminate, cells rectangular in the middle, twisted in the margins; distal petiole scales ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.2 × 
<quantity id="DB219B06FF86F215FBCBF847D45AF794" box="[1144,1284,2026,2053]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 mm</quantity>
, membranous, margins weakly fimbriate, apex long-acuminate or caudate. Laminae lanceolate, abaxially dark green, adaxially light green; 1-pinnate, 
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long, 
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wide, apex acuminate; rachises ca. 
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in diam., stramineous, adaxially sulcate; rachis scales ovate or ovate-lanceolate, light brown, up to 
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long including tip, 
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wide at base, margins fimbriate, apex long-caudate; or scales bristle-like, ca 
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long, margins entire and fimbriate at base. Pinnae in 28–35 pairs, alternate, separate from each other, 
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distance, oblong lanceolate, base cuneiform, margins biserrate, apex acuminate, papery, maximal pinnae 2.3–2.5 × 
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, basal pinnae narrowing down and basal 1 pair reflexed, largest pinnae located at middle or above middle part of lamina, proximal margins not overlapping rachis, acroscopic and basiscopic margins with cartilaginous, undulate or irregularly toothed, forming a (60–)70–90° angle with rachis, apex acuminate; basal pinnae undulate or entire on margins, obtuse at apex; pinna petioles 
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long; adaxially glabrous; abaxially with microscales; microscales broad-type, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, whitish brown, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm long, 
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wide at base, margins fimbriate; costa sunken adaxially and protruding abaxially, veins obscure and invisible on adaxial side, bulgy and thickened on abaxial side, lateral veins free, forked. All pinnae are fertile excluding 5–8 pairs at base; sori terminal on lateral veins of fertile pinnae, ca. 
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in diam., in the middle of the margins and midrib or slightly closer to pinna margins, 1–3 on acroscopic side and 0– 1 on distal basiscopic side, centers 
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apart from one another. Indusia peltate, orbicular, margins erose; 64 spores per sporangium, perispores fine-granulate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="48A6666BFF85F216FF3BF8C7D5F0F835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5413745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5413745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5413745/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" startId="2.[136,229,1898,1920]" targetBox="[172,1405,249,1862]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="1C6636E3FF85F216FF3BF8C7D5F0F835" blockId="2.[136,1451,1898,1957]" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF85F216FF3BF8C7D1A5F8EE" bold="true" box="[136,251,1898,1920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="DBD94D60FF85F216FEB8F8C6D37EF811" authorityName="Z. L. Liang, Z. R. He &amp; Li Bing Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[267,544,1899,1920]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dongchuanense">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF85F216FEB8F8C6D37EF811" box="[267,544,1899,1920]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="116">Polystichum dongchuanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—A. Habit.—B. Portion of abaxial lamina.—C. Basal petiole scale.—D, E. Rachis scales (Drawn by Zhen-Long Liang based on the holotype at PYU, scale bar A = 5 cm, B = 2.5 cm, C, D, E = 1 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1C6636E3FF84F217FF0EFD17D221FD68" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FF0EFD17D0A3FD45" bold="true" box="[189,509,698,724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="DBD94D60FF84F217FD92FD17D237FD45" authorityName="Z. L. Liang, Z. R. He &amp; Li Bing Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[545,873,698,724]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dongchuanense">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FD92FD17D237FD45" box="[545,873,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Polystichum dongchuanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only found in Dongchuan Country, 
<collectingRegion id="DE1DF801FF84F217FAE5FD16D1B0FD69" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
, and may represent an endemic species to Central 
<collectingRegion id="DE1DF801FF84F217FC91FD72D225FD68" box="[802,891,735,761]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="54C36568FF84F217FF0EFCAFD00AFC41" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1C6636E3FF84F217FF0EFCAFD0F3FCD0" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FF0EFCAFD042FC8D" bold="true" box="[189,284,770,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Ecology</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="DBD94D60FF84F217FEF3FCAFD321FC8D" authorityName="Z. L. Liang, Z. R. He &amp; Li Bing Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[320,639,770,796]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dongchuanense">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FEF3FCAFD321FC8D" box="[320,639,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Polystichum dongchuanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was observed to grow on limestone rocks under the broad-leaved forest, at an elevation of 
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C6636E3FF84F217FF0EFCE7D00AFC41" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FF0EFCE7D081FCF5" bold="true" box="[189,479,842,868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">IUCN Red List category</emphasis>
:—Only one population with about 15 individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="DBD94D60FF84F217FB9CFCE7D430FCF5" authorityName="Z. L. Liang, Z. R. He &amp; Li Bing Zhang" authorityYear="2021" box="[1071,1390,842,868]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dongchuanense">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FB9CFCE7D430FCF5" box="[1071,1390,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Polystichum dongchuanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found in Dongchuan. Based on current information and following the IUCN (The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) guidelines (
<bibRefCitation id="78484B12FF84F217FD1FFC3FD21FFC3D" author="IUCN" box="[684,833,914,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" refId="ref3082" refString="IUCN. (2017) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017 - 1. Available at: www. iucnredlist. org." type="book" year="2017">IUCN, 2017</bibRefCitation>
), this new species should be classified as Critically Endangered (CR).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="54C36568FF84F217FF0EFC77D0CAFAA8" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1C6636E3FF84F217FF0EFC77D5ECFBAC" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FF0EFC77D060FC65" bold="true" box="[189,318,986,1012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The species epithet is based on the Chinese pinyin, 
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FC28FC77D549FC65" box="[923,1047,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">dongchuan</emphasis>
, the county name in central 
<collectingRegion id="DE1DF801FF84F217FAFCFC76D4F6FC64" box="[1359,1448,987,1013]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
, and the Latin suffix 
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FEDFFC52D0F6FB89" box="[364,424,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">-ense</emphasis>
, of origin, referring to the 
<typeStatus id="C3628841FF84F217FD65FC52D258FB88" box="[726,774,1023,1049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
locality and the current known distribution of the species in Dongchuan County, 
<collectingRegion id="DE1DF801FF84F217FEDDFB8ED099FBAC" box="[366,455,1059,1085]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
. Its Chinese name is suggested as ‘东Lj耳蕨 (dong chuan er jue)’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C6636E3FF84F217FF0EFBEBD0CAFAA8" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FF0EFBEBD05EFBF1" bold="true" box="[189,256,1094,1120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Notes</emphasis>
:—In addition to the macromorphological distinctness, the perispore ornamentation of 
<taxonomicName id="DBD94D60FF84F217FA92FBEBD068FB15" authorityName="Z. L. Liang, Z. R. He &amp; Li Bing Zhang" authorityYear="2021" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dongchuanense">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FA92FBEBD068FB15" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Polystichum dongchuanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is fine-granulate and without ridges (
<figureCitation id="84E22A66FF84F217FD6CFBC7D26DFB15" box="[735,819,1130,1156]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-31@1.[151,1436,187,1750]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Polystichum dongchuanense.—A. Habitat.—B. Habit of the plant on the rock.—C. Portion of abaxial lamina.—D. Portion of adaxial lamina.—E. Pinna apex showing sori and indusia.—F. SEM image of spore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5413743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5413743/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
), which is quite striking. We did not find any species in the genus whose perispore morphology is known with the same perispore ornamentation (
<bibRefCitation id="78484B12FF84F217FBDFFB23D5A6FB39" author="Huang, T. - C." box="[1132,1272,1166,1192]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" refId="ref3054" refString="Huang, T. - C. (1981) Spore flora of Taiwan. Botany Department Press, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 111 pp." type="book" year="1981">Huang 1981</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="78484B12FF84F217FAB0FB22D19DFB5D" author="Tryon, R. M. &amp; Tryon, A. F." pageId="3" pageNumber="117" refId="ref3300" refString="Tryon, R. M. &amp; Tryon, A. F. (1982) Ferns and Allied Plants: with Special Reference to Tropical America. Springer, New York, 857 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 8162 - 4" type="book" year="1982">Tryon &amp; Tryon 1982</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="78484B12FF84F217FF7DFB1FD00BFB5D" author="Xiang, L. - L." box="[206,341,1202,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" pagination="93 - 116" refId="ref3354" refString="Xiang, L. - L. (1992) Studies on the spore morphology of the genus Polystichum from Yunnan. Yushania 9: 93 - 116." type="journal article" year="1992">Xiang 1992</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="78484B12FF84F217FED2FB1FD313FB5D" author="Zhang, L. - B. &amp; Kung, H. - S." box="[353,589,1202,1229]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" pagination="273 - 278" refId="ref3683" refString="Zhang, L. - B. &amp; Kung, H. - S. (1994) Studies on the spore morphology of Chinese sect. Metapolystichum (Polystichum, Dryopteridaceae). Acta Botanical Yunnanica 16: 273 - 278." type="journal article" year="1994">Zhang &amp; Kung 1994</bibRefCitation>
, Zhang &amp; He 2010, 2011, 2012, Zhang 
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FBBEFB1ED518FB5D" box="[1037,1094,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
2010, 
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, 2012, Luo 
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2012, 
<bibRefCitation id="78484B12FF84F217FEF2FB7AD0AFFB61" author="Han, M. &amp; Liu, Y. &amp; Zhang, L. B." box="[321,497,1238,1265]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" pagination="201 - 221" refId="ref2820" refString="Han, M. - Q, Liu, Y. &amp; Zhang, L. B. (2016) Seven new species of Polystichum (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae) from southern China. Phytotaxa 280: 201 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 280.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Han 
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2016
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="78484B12FF84F217FE4FFB7BD369FB61" author="Han, M. - Q. &amp; Liu, Y. &amp; Zhang, L. - B." box="[508,567,1238,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" pagination="145 - 168" refId="ref2876" refString="Han, M. - Q., Liu, Y. &amp; Zhang, L. - B. (2018) Eight new species of Polystichum (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae) from limestone caves in Guangdong and Yunnan, China, with reference to species diversity in the karst terrains at high elevations in subtropical areas. Phytotaxa 365: 145 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 365.2.3" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
, Pallawatn 
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FD0BFB7AD3AEFB61" box="[696,752,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
2020). The perispore ornamentation of a number of species in 
<taxonomicName id="DBD94D60FF84F217FF3BFB57D04CFA85" authorityName="Roth" authorityYear="1800" box="[136,274,1274,1300]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2EADEAF1FF84F217FF3BFB57D04CFA85" box="[136,274,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="117">Polystichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still unknown. It is also little known about the relationships between the perispore ornamentation and phylogeny in the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>