333 lines
39 KiB
XML
333 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.049.0206" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910276" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683578333082" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schönhofer, Axel L." docDate="2008" docId="4B0487E6FFB46D3EFE5C0947FD2DFEB3" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.49.2.109-126.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 49 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0206" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Rhampsinitus transvaalicus : Lawrence 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="B73DFF9EFFB96D2EFFC10851FF82FFF4" masterDocTitle="On harvestmen from the Soutpansberg, South Africa, with description of a new species of Monomontia (Arachnida: Opiliones)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="122" updateTime="1683600413446" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>On harvestmen from the Soutpansberg, South Africa, with description of a new species of Monomontia (Arachnida: Opiliones)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schönhofer, Axel L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2008-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>49</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>109</mods:start>
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<mods:end>109</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0206</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.049.0206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7910276</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B0487E6FFB46D3EFE5C0947FD2DFEB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B0487E6FFB46D3EFE5C0947FD2DFEB3" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
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<subSubSection box="[413,910,278,303]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,246,831]" box="[413,910,278,303]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
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<heading box="[413,910,278,303]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7YRDQ" authority="Lawrence, 1931" authorityName=": Lawrence" authorityYear="1931" box="[413,910,278,303]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Rhampsinitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalicus">
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<emphasis box="[413,723,278,302]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Rhampsinitus transvaalicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="LAWRENCE, R. F." box="[730,910,278,303]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" pagination="341 - 508" refId="ref6953" refString="LAWRENCE, R. F. 1931. The harvest-spiders (Opiliones) of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 29 (2): 341 - 508." type="journal article" year="1931">Lawrence, 1931</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[574,750,318,343]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,246,831]" box="[574,750,318,343]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
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<figureCitation box="[574,658,318,343]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[182,215,1599,1619]" captionTargetBox="[193,1129,878,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-252@13.[181,1141,871,1586]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 11. Rhampsinitus transvaalicus, body in dorsal view, palps: (A–D) ơ, Lajuma: (A, H) CJM, 4816; (B, D, G) CJM, 4819; (C) CJM, 4820; (E, F) ^, Makhado, NMSA, 7603; (G, H) palps, medial view. Scale bar = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910306/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Figs 11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[670,750,318,343]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[143,176,1515,1535]" captionTargetBox="[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-116@14.[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 12. Rhampsinitus, penes and chelicerae: (A–L) R. transvaalicus: (A, B) NMSA, 7597; (C, D) NMSA, 7598; (E, F) CJM, 4819; (K) CJM, 4819, different ơ; (I) CJM, 4820; (L) CJM, 4814; (G, H) CJM, 4816; (M–P) R. leighi, KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, CJM, 2142. (A–D, N, O) penes: (A, C, N) lateral and (B, D, O) dorsal views, scale bar 1.0 mm at B; (E, G, I, K, M) chelicerae, lateral view, scale bar 2.0 mm at E and 10 mm at M; (F, H, L, P) pincer, dorsal view, scale bar 1.0 mm at F. (L) ^, all others ơ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910310/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">12A–L</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[181,853,356,377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,246,831]" box="[181,853,356,377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[181,853,356,377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
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<treatmentCitation author="LAWRENCE, R. F." box="[181,633,356,377]" page="493" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" year="1931">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7YRDQ" authority=": Lawrence 1931: 493" authorityName=": Lawrence" authorityPageNumber="493" authorityYear="1931" box="[181,633,356,377]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Rhampsinitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalicus">
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<emphasis box="[181,433,357,377]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Rhampsinitus transvaalicus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="LAWRENCE, R. F." box="[445,633,356,376]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" pagination="341 - 508" refId="ref6953" refString="LAWRENCE, R. F. 1931. The harvest-spiders (Opiliones) of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 29 (2): 341 - 508." type="journal article" year="1931">Lawrence 1931: 493</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, text-fig. 77; 1963: 304.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,246,831]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
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Diagnosis:Although highly variable, males of this species are easily distinguished by a row of large retrolateral curved spines on the femur of chelicerae (
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<figureCitation box="[930,1129,422,447]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[143,176,1515,1535]" captionTargetBox="[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-116@14.[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 12. Rhampsinitus, penes and chelicerae: (A–L) R. transvaalicus: (A, B) NMSA, 7597; (C, D) NMSA, 7598; (E, F) CJM, 4819; (K) CJM, 4819, different ơ; (I) CJM, 4820; (L) CJM, 4814; (G, H) CJM, 4816; (M–P) R. leighi, KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, CJM, 2142. (A–D, N, O) penes: (A, C, N) lateral and (B, D, O) dorsal views, scale bar 1.0 mm at B; (E, G, I, K, M) chelicerae, lateral view, scale bar 2.0 mm at E and 10 mm at M; (F, H, L, P) pincer, dorsal view, scale bar 1.0 mm at F. (L) ^, all others ơ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910310/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Figs 12E, G, I–K</figureCitation>
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). The closely related
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<taxonomicName authority="Pocock, 1902" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1902" box="[404,660,454,479]" class="Arachnida" family="Biantidae" genus="Metabiantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leighi">
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<emphasis box="[404,499,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">R. leighi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[507,660,454,479]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" pagination="392 - 413" refId="ref7179" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1902. On some new harvest-spiders of the order Opiliones from the Southern Continents. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2 (6): 392 - 413." type="journal article" year="1902">Pocock, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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has smaller spines irregularly scattered on the chelicerae (
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<figureCitation box="[349,456,486,511]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[143,176,1515,1535]" captionTargetBox="[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-116@14.[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 12. Rhampsinitus, penes and chelicerae: (A–L) R. transvaalicus: (A, B) NMSA, 7597; (C, D) NMSA, 7598; (E, F) CJM, 4819; (K) CJM, 4819, different ơ; (I) CJM, 4820; (L) CJM, 4814; (G, H) CJM, 4816; (M–P) R. leighi, KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, CJM, 2142. (A–D, N, O) penes: (A, C, N) lateral and (B, D, O) dorsal views, scale bar 1.0 mm at B; (E, G, I, K, M) chelicerae, lateral view, scale bar 2.0 mm at E and 10 mm at M; (F, H, L, P) pincer, dorsal view, scale bar 1.0 mm at F. (L) ^, all others ơ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910310/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Fig. 12M</figureCitation>
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). The penis of
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<taxonomicName authorityName=": Lawrence" authorityYear="1931" box="[617,798,486,510]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Rhampsinitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalicus">
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<emphasis box="[617,798,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">R. transvaalicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is bulbous at the base, whereas that of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1902" box="[261,356,518,542]" class="Arachnida" family="Biantidae" genus="Metabiantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leighi">
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<emphasis box="[261,356,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">R. leighi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is slender in lateral view (
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<figureCitation box="[651,918,518,543]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[143,176,1515,1535]" captionTargetBox="[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-116@14.[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 12. Rhampsinitus, penes and chelicerae: (A–L) R. transvaalicus: (A, B) NMSA, 7597; (C, D) NMSA, 7598; (E, F) CJM, 4819; (K) CJM, 4819, different ơ; (I) CJM, 4820; (L) CJM, 4814; (G, H) CJM, 4816; (M–P) R. leighi, KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, CJM, 2142. (A–D, N, O) penes: (A, C, N) lateral and (B, D, O) dorsal views, scale bar 1.0 mm at B; (E, G, I, K, M) chelicerae, lateral view, scale bar 2.0 mm at E and 10 mm at M; (F, H, L, P) pincer, dorsal view, scale bar 1.0 mm at F. (L) ^, all others ơ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910310/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Figs 12A–D, 12N, 12O</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,246,831]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1960-02" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="R. F. Lawrence" country="South Africa" county="Material" elevation="1370" location="Makhado" municipality="Hanglip Forest" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" specimenCode="NMSA 7603" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limpopo">
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||
<collectingCounty box="[181,257,556,576]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Material</collectingCounty>
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||
examined:
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||
<collectingCountry box="[360,524,556,576]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis box="[531,611,557,577]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
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<collectingRegion box="[531,611,557,577]" country="South Africa" name="Limpopo" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Limpopo</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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: 7ơ
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<collectingMunicipality box="[651,787,556,576]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Hanglip Forest</collectingMunicipality>
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, north of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B0487E6FFB46D3EFE5C0947FD2DFEB3:C672602BFFB46D23FCA40A7DFC3FFDB4" box="[869,957,556,576]" country="South Africa" county="Material" municipality="Hanglip Forest" name="Makhado" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Limpopo">Makhado</location>
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||
, alt.
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||
<quantity box="[996,1065,556,576]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1370.0">
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||
<elevation box="[996,1065,556,576]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1370.0">1370 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date box="[1073,1138,556,576]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" value="1960-02">
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<collectingDate box="[1073,1138,556,576]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" value="1960-02">ii.1960</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[181,316,580,600]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">R.F. Lawrence</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[330,399,580,600]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
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, 7597); 4ơ 4^(
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<collectionCode box="[551,620,580,600]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
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||
, 7598); 2^(
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<specimenCode box="[738,861,580,600]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" type="Museum">NMSA 7603</specimenCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-10-22" collectingDateMax="2002-11-19" collectingDateMin="2002-10-22" collectionCode="NMSA, CJM" collectorName="A. L. Schonhofer" country="South Africa" county="Makhado" elevation="915" location="Makhado" municipality="Entabeni forest" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" specimenCount="316" stateProvince="Limpopo">
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||
1ơ
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||
<collectingCounty box="[912,1034,580,600]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">1^Makhado</collectingCounty>
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||
, alt.
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||
<quantity box="[1082,1142,580,600]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="915.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1082,1142,580,600]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="915.0">915 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
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||
(
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||
<collectionCode box="[188,257,604,624]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
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||
, 7605); 1ơ
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||
<collectingMunicipality box="[363,538,604,624]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">1^Entabeni forest</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<quantity box="[548,606,604,624]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" unit="km" value="48.0">48 km</quantity>
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||
east of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B0487E6FFB46D3EFE5C0947FD2DFEB3:C672602BFFB46D23FD660A0DFD7FFD84" box="[679,765,604,624]" country="South Africa" county="Makhado" municipality="Entabeni forest" name="Makhado" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Limpopo">Makhado</location>
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||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[777,846,604,624]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
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||
, 7607); 5ơ
|
||
<specimenCount box="[953,1062,604,624]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" type="generic">2^316 juv.</specimenCount>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B0487E6FFB46D3EFE5C0947FD2DFEB3:C672602BFFB46D23FBEA0A0DFBF1FD84" box="[1067,1139,604,624]" country="South Africa" county="Makhado" municipality="Entabeni forest" name="Lajuma" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Limpopo">Lajuma</location>
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||
, alt.
|
||
<quantity box="[215,286,628,648]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1350.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[215,286,628,648]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, evergreen montane forest,
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||
<date box="[537,687,628,648]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" value="2002-10-22" valueMax="2002-11-19" valueMin="2002-10-22">
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||
<collectingDate box="[537,687,628,648]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" value="2002-10-22" valueMax="2002-11-19" valueMin="2002-10-22">22.x–19.xi.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[695,846,628,648]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">A.L. Schönhofer</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[858,905,628,648]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">CJM</collectionCode>
|
||
, 4812–4820)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,246,831]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
|
||
Other material examined:
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1902" box="[432,513,661,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Biantidae" genus="Metabiantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leighi">
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||
<emphasis box="[432,513,661,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">R. leighi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<collectingCountry box="[528,700,660,680]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[712,855,661,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[712,855,661,681]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: 1ơ Hluhluwe Game Reserve (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[188,234,682,705]" degrees="28" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" precision="55555" value="-28.0">
|
||
28
|
||
<emphasis box="[212,221,682,705]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">°</emphasis>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[236,287,682,705]" degrees="32" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" precision="55555" value="32.0">
|
||
32
|
||
<emphasis box="[262,271,682,705]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">°</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), higher altitude forest with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[549,685,685,705]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[549,685,685,705]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Celtis africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[697,906,685,705]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Harpephyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caffrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[697,906,685,705]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Harpephyllum caffrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1982, W. Wickler (CJM, 2142) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[247,364,708,728]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[143,176,1515,1535]" captionTargetBox="[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-116@14.[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 12. Rhampsinitus, penes and chelicerae: (A–L) R. transvaalicus: (A, B) NMSA, 7597; (C, D) NMSA, 7598; (E, F) CJM, 4819; (K) CJM, 4819, different ơ; (I) CJM, 4820; (L) CJM, 4814; (G, H) CJM, 4816; (M–P) R. leighi, KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, CJM, 2142. (A–D, N, O) penes: (A, C, N) lateral and (B, D, O) dorsal views, scale bar 1.0 mm at B; (E, G, I, K, M) chelicerae, lateral view, scale bar 2.0 mm at E and 10 mm at M; (F, H, L, P) pincer, dorsal view, scale bar 1.0 mm at F. (L) ^, all others ơ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910310/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Fig. 12M–O</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,246,831]" lastBlockId="15.[181,1142,206,1103]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
|
||
Biology/Ecology: Most animals were caught walking on a road in subtropical evergreen forest at night. They were most abundant near a small permanent stream. Pitfall trapping was successful only for small juveniles. Traps recorded specimens only in forest habitats with permanent water a few hundred metres away. Two males were found sitting at the side of stones near the ground, face looking down ready to catch prey. Adults’ bodies were often infested by red mites. Only
|
||
<specimenCount box="[622,760,270,295]" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" type="adult">seven adults</specimenCount>
|
||
were caught, but
|
||
<specimenCount box="[962,1112,270,295]" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" type="juvenile">316 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
in predominantly early stages of development. On one occasion a juvenile was seen carrying a cockroach double its body size; whether it was caught or just picked up dead was not observed.Adults are recorded from October to December and in February. The presence of juveniles in February suggests extension of maturity beyond that date. P. Schwendinger did not collect any specimen in April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910306" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910306/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" startId="13.[182,215,1599,1619]" targetBox="[193,1129,878,1577]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[182,1143,1599,1667]" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">
|
||
Fig. 11.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Lawrence" authorityYear="1931" box="[256,507,1599,1619]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Rhampsinitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="13" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[256,507,1599,1619]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="122">Rhampsinitus transvaalicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, body in dorsal view, palps: (A–D) ơ, Lajuma: (A, H) CJM, 4816; (B, D, G) CJM, 4819; (C) CJM, 4820; (E, F) ^, Makhado, NMSA, 7603; (G, H) palps, medial view. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910310/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" startId="14.[143,176,1515,1535]" targetBox="[160,1079,227,1489]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[143,1103,1515,1655]" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">
|
||
Fig. 12.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[218,341,1515,1535]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Rhampsinitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[218,341,1515,1535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">Rhampsinitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, penes and chelicerae: (A–L)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Lawrence" authorityYear="1931" box="[613,760,1515,1535]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Rhampsinitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[613,760,1515,1535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">R. transvaalicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A, B) NMSA, 7597; (C, D) NMSA, 7598; (E, F) CJM, 4819; (K) CJM, 4819, different ơ; (I) CJM, 4820; (L) CJM, 4814; (G, H) CJM, 4816; (M–P)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, CJM, 2142" authorityName=", KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, CJM" authorityYear="2142" box="[419,1008,1563,1583]" class="Arachnida" family="Biantidae" genus="Metabiantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leighi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[419,496,1563,1583]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">R. leighi</emphasis>
|
||
, KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, CJM, 2142
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A–D, N, O) penes: (A, C, N) lateral and (B, D, O) dorsal views, scale bar 1.0 mm at B; (E, G, I, K, M) chelicerae, lateral view, scale bar 2.0 mm at E and 10 mm at M; (F, H, L, P) pincer, dorsal view, scale bar 1.0 mm at F. (L) ^, all others ơ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[181,1142,206,1103]" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Comments: As the material from Lajuma contained only
|
||
<specimenCount box="[819,926,470,495]" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" type="adult">five adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males, which were highly variable in body size, coloration and length of chelicerae, additional material from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[283,331,534,559]" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality Makhado was investigated. These specimens showed allometric growth of the male chelicerae and palps with increasing body size (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[980,1068,566,591]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[182,215,1575,1595]" captionTargetBox="[198,1119,1151,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-420@15.[181,1128,1142,1554]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 13. Allometric and normal growth in Rhampsinitus transvaalicus. Scatterplot left: allometric growth of segment 2 of chelicerae; change of toothing in pincer at a body size of 4.1–4.3 mm is indicated by circles (2 teeth) and squares (3 teeth). Scatterplot right: femur I representing normal growth as for all legs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910312/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). This phenomenon is reported from other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[581,726,598,623]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phalangiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
like the European
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1761" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1761" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Phalangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opilio">
|
||
<emphasis box="[933,1141,598,622]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">Phalangium opilio</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1761
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Brulle, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[374,712,630,655]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Zacheus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crista">
|
||
<emphasis box="[374,541,630,654]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">Zacheus crista</emphasis>
|
||
(Brullé, 1832)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for both see Martens 1978
|
||
<emphasis box="[1037,1051,630,654]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">b</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="LERMA, B. DE" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref7085" refString="LERMA, B. DE. 1952. Allometria di sviluppo dei caratteri sessuali secondari in Phalangium opilio L. Annuario dell'Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Napoli 4 (7): 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1952">Lerma 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the African
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Karsch, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[386,736,662,687]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Guruia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[386,566,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">Guruia africana</emphasis>
|
||
(Karsch, 1878)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="STARE & GA, W." box="[747,894,662,687]" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref7289" refString="STARE, GA, W. 1984. Revision der Phalangiidae (Opiliones), III. Die afrikanischen Gattungen der Phalangiinae, nebst Katalog aller afrikanischen Arten der Familie. Annales Zoologici 38 (1): 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1984">Stare,ga 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=", KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, CJM" authorityYear="2142" box="[953,1045,662,686]" class="Arachnida" family="Biantidae" genus="Metabiantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leighi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,1045,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">R. leighi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="POCOCK, R. I." pageId="15" pageNumber="124" pagination="392 - 413" refId="ref7179" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1902. On some new harvest-spiders of the order Opiliones from the Southern Continents. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2 (6): 392 - 413." type="journal article" year="1902">Pocock 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="LAWRENCE, R. F." box="[254,433,694,719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" pagination="341 - 508" refId="ref6953" refString="LAWRENCE, R. F. 1931. The harvest-spiders (Opiliones) of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 29 (2): 341 - 508." type="journal article" year="1931">Lawrence 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Kauri 1961). Martens (1978
|
||
<emphasis box="[767,781,694,718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">b</emphasis>
|
||
) mentioned males of European species becoming similar to females with decreasing body size and loss of external sexual characteristics. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Lawrence" authorityYear="1931" box="[444,627,758,782]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Rhampsinitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[444,627,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">R. transvaalicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this is nicely expressed in the toothing of the cheliceral pincer, which is radically changed to female appearance if body size falls below a certain value. Large specimens display three prominent teeth, whereas smaller males and females have only two (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[577,802,854,879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[143,176,1515,1535]" captionTargetBox="[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-116@14.[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 12. Rhampsinitus, penes and chelicerae: (A–L) R. transvaalicus: (A, B) NMSA, 7597; (C, D) NMSA, 7598; (E, F) CJM, 4819; (K) CJM, 4819, different ơ; (I) CJM, 4820; (L) CJM, 4814; (G, H) CJM, 4816; (M–P) R. leighi, KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, CJM, 2142. (A–D, N, O) penes: (A, C, N) lateral and (B, D, O) dorsal views, scale bar 1.0 mm at B; (E, G, I, K, M) chelicerae, lateral view, scale bar 2.0 mm at E and 10 mm at M; (F, H, L, P) pincer, dorsal view, scale bar 1.0 mm at F. (L) ^, all others ơ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910310/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">Figs 12H, 12F, 12L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[815,846,854,879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[182,215,1575,1595]" captionTargetBox="[198,1119,1151,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-420@15.[181,1128,1142,1554]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 13. Allometric and normal growth in Rhampsinitus transvaalicus. Scatterplot left: allometric growth of segment 2 of chelicerae; change of toothing in pincer at a body size of 4.1–4.3 mm is indicated by circles (2 teeth) and squares (3 teeth). Scatterplot right: femur I representing normal growth as for all legs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910312/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Kauri (1961) mentioned this circumstance for the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="CJM" baseAuthorityYear="2142" box="[640,864,886,910]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Rhampsinitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leighi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[640,864,886,910]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">Rhampsinitus leighi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without connecting it to allometric growth. Other characters, like length of legs, darkness of coloration or intensity of spination of chelicerae and ocularium, gradually change with body size.A convergent sexual dimorphism is exhibited in members of the Australian and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[913,1062,982,1007]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
family
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Forster, 1948" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1948" box="[181,490,1014,1039]" class="Arachnida" family="Monoscutidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Monoscutidae Forster, 1948</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Males of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1879" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[714,988,1014,1039]" class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Pantopsalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[714,844,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">Pantopsalis</emphasis>
|
||
Simon, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Forster, 1949" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1949" class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Spinicrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1038,1142,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">Spinicrus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FORSTER, R. R." box="[181,331,1046,1071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" pagination="59 - 89" refId="ref6842" refString="FORSTER, R. R. 1949. Australian Opiliones. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 16: 59 - 89." type="journal article" year="1949">Forster, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have extremely elongated palps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FORSTER, R. R." box="[713,860,1046,1071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" pagination="59 - 89" refId="ref6842" refString="FORSTER, R. R. 1949. Australian Opiliones. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 16: 59 - 89." type="journal article" year="1949">Forster 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are polymorphic in respect to this character (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="TAYLOR, C. K." box="[461,604,1078,1103]" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" pagination="53 - 76" refId="ref7365" refString="TAYLOR, C. K. 2004. New Zealand harvestmen of the subfamily Megalopsalidinae (Opiliones: Monoscutidae) - the genus Pantopsalis. Tuhinga 1 5: 53 - 76." type="journal article" year="2004">Taylor 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910312/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" startId="15.[182,215,1575,1595]" targetBox="[198,1119,1151,1549]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[182,1142,1575,1667]" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Fig. 13. Allometric and normal growth in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Lawrence" authorityYear="1931" box="[553,803,1575,1595]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Rhampsinitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalicus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[553,803,1575,1595]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">Rhampsinitus transvaalicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scatterplot left: allometric growth of segment 2 of chelicerae; change of toothing in pincer at a body size of 4.1–4.3 mm is indicated by circles (2 teeth) and squares (3 teeth). Scatterplot right: femur I representing normal growth as for all legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[144,1104,206,327]" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">
|
||
One male of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(CJM, 2142)" baseAuthorityName="CJM" baseAuthorityYear="2142" box="[318,566,206,231]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Rhampsinitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leighi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[318,414,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">R. leighi</emphasis>
|
||
(CJM, 2142)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is remarkable for its large body size, extending the variability of this species to
|
||
<quantity box="[480,580,238,263]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="7.05">7.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Chelicerae length of
|
||
<quantity box="[810,886,238,263]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
|
||
results in chelicerae 6 times longer than body size (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[500,610,270,295]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[143,176,1515,1535]" captionTargetBox="[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-116@14.[160,1079,227,1489]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 12. Rhampsinitus, penes and chelicerae: (A–L) R. transvaalicus: (A, B) NMSA, 7597; (C, D) NMSA, 7598; (E, F) CJM, 4819; (K) CJM, 4819, different ơ; (I) CJM, 4820; (L) CJM, 4814; (G, H) CJM, 4816; (M–P) R. leighi, KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, CJM, 2142. (A–D, N, O) penes: (A, C, N) lateral and (B, D, O) dorsal views, scale bar 1.0 mm at B; (E, G, I, K, M) chelicerae, lateral view, scale bar 2.0 mm at E and 10 mm at M; (F, H, L, P) pincer, dorsal view, scale bar 1.0 mm at F. (L) ^, all others ơ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910310/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">Fig. 12M</figureCitation>
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; chelicerae 2–4 times longer than body are reported by
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<bibRefCitation author="LAWRENCE, R. F." box="[279,471,302,327]" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" pagination="341 - 508" refId="ref6953" refString="LAWRENCE, R. F. 1931. The harvest-spiders (Opiliones) of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 29 (2): 341 - 508." type="journal article" year="1931">Lawrence (1931)</bibRefCitation>
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and Kauri (1961)).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |