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<mods:title id="C58111E312F1175CB87E48019EDE48C3">Taxonomic notes on the rare ant genus Chrysapace with description of a new species from Brunei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae)</mods:title>
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<heading id="7136641CFF84FFB3FEECBFD1FD14FC5D" box="[267,643,939,963]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" reason="3">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FEECBFD1FD14FC5D" bold="true" box="[267,643,939,963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="EDC1A8F3FF84FFB3FEBDBFD6FD14FC5D" authority="Crawley, 1924" authorityName="Crawley" authorityYear="1924" box="[346,643,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FEBDBFD6FE4CFC5D" bold="true" box="[346,475,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Chrysapace</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E50AE81FF84FFB3FE05BFD1FD14FC5D" author="CRAWLEY W. C." box="[482,643,940,963]" firstAuthor="Crawley" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" pagination="380 - 409" part="13" refId="ref9568" refString="CRAWLEY W. C. 1924: Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9 13: 380 - 409" title="Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson" type="journal article" year="1924">Crawley, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="AB60F561FF84FFB3FF70BFAFFE25FC7B" author="CRAWLEY W. C." box="[151,434,978,997]" page="380" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" year="1924">
<taxonomicName id="EDC1A8F3FF84FFB3FF70BFAFFE25FC7B" authority="Crawley, 1924: 380" authorityName="Crawley" authorityPageNumber="380" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,434,978,997]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FF70BFAFFF6AFC7B" box="[151,253,978,997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Chrysapace</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E50AE81FF84FFB3FEE3BFAFFE25FC7B" author="CRAWLEY W. C." box="[260,434,978,997]" firstAuthor="Crawley" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" page="380" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" pagination="380 - 409" part="13" refId="ref9568" refString="CRAWLEY W. C. 1924: Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9 13: 380 - 409" title="Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson" type="journal article" year="1924">Crawley, 1924: 380</bibRefCitation>
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. Typespecies:
<taxonomicName id="EDC1A8F3FF84FFB3FDDFBFAFFEA6FB9E" authority="Crawley, 1924" authorityName="Crawley" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacobsoni">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FDDFBFAFFD6FFC7B" box="[568,760,978,997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Chrysapace jacobsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E50AE81FF84FFB3FF52BF90FEA6FB9E" author="CRAWLEY W. C." box="[181,305,1005,1024]" firstAuthor="Crawley" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" pagination="380 - 409" part="13" refId="ref9568" refString="CRAWLEY W. C. 1924: Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9 13: 380 - 409" title="Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson" type="journal article" year="1924">Crawley, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(junior secondary homonym in
<taxonomicName id="EDC1A8F3FF84FFB3FDA7BF91FD31FC61" ID-CoL="3KMV" authorityName="F. Smith" authorityYear="1857" box="[576,678,1004,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FDA7BF91FD31FC61" box="[576,678,1004,1023]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Cerapachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, replaced by
<taxonomicName id="EDC1A8F3FF84FFB3FF37B87AFDD4FB84" ID-CoL="SJBW" authority="W. M. Wheeler, 1924" authorityName="W. M. Wheeler" authorityYear="1924" box="[208,579,1031,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawleyi">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FF37B87AFE13FB84" box="[208,388,1031,1050]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Cerapachys crawleyi</emphasis>
W. M.
<bibRefCitation id="4E50AE81FF84FFB3FE23B87AFDD4FB84" author="WHEELER W. M." box="[452,579,1031,1050]" firstAuthor="Wheeler" journalOrPublisher="Psyche (Cambridge)" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" pagination="224 - 225" part="31" refId="ref9995" refString="WHEELER W. M. 1924: On the ant-genus Chrysapace Crawley. Psyche (Cambridge) 31: 224 - 225." title="On the ant-genus Chrysapace Crawley" type="journal article" year="1924">Wheeler, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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), by monotypy.
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<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FF70B84EFE9BFBD4" bold="true" box="[151,268,1075,1098]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This genus can be recognized by a combination of the following characteristics of the worker caste: i) prominent costate sculpture on most of body surface, ii) large eyes, iii) exposed antennal sockets, iv) two spurs on mid and hind tibiae, and v) pretarsal claws with a tooth (
<bibRefCitation id="4E50AE81FF84FFB3FF78B8AEFEDDFB74" author="BOROWIEC M. L." box="[159,330,1235,1258]" firstAuthor="BOROWIEC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 280" part="608" refId="ref9376" refString="BOROWIEC M. L. 2016: Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 608: 1 - 280." title="Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">BOROWIEC 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="62DB80FBFF84FFB3FF70B88EFD6FFA14" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2A7ED370FF84FFB3FF70B88EFD6FFA14" blockId="2.[151,760,1075,1418]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FF70B88EFD6FFA94" bold="true" box="[151,760,1266,1290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
Key to
<taxonomicName id="EDC1A8F3FF84FFB3FF0DB88FFE56FA94" box="[234,449,1266,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FF0DB88FFEFCFA94" bold="true" box="[234,363,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Chrysapace</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
based onthe worker caste.
</emphasis>
The key to valid species is provided below. Known distribution is shown in the parentheses after species name. Our knowledge on
<taxonomicName id="EDC1A8F3FF84FFB3FEC8B92EFE24FAF4" authorityName="Crawley" authorityYear="1924" box="[303,435,1362,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacobsoni">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FEC8B92EFE24FAF4" box="[303,435,1362,1386]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">C. jacobsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is based on its original description (
<bibRefCitation id="4E50AE81FF84FFB3FF2AB90EFEFDFA14" author="CRAWLEY W. C." box="[205,362,1395,1418]" firstAuthor="CRAWLEY" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" pagination="380 - 409" part="13" refId="ref9568" refString="CRAWLEY W. C. 1924: Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9 13: 380 - 409" title="Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson" type="journal article" year="1924">CRAWLEY 1924</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="4E50AE81FF84FFB3FE9DB90EFDBFFA14" author="WHEELER W. M." box="[378,552,1395,1418]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Psyche (Cambridge)" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" pagination="224 - 225" part="31" refId="ref9995" refString="WHEELER W. M. 1924: On the ant-genus Chrysapace Crawley. Psyche (Cambridge) 31: 224 - 225." title="On the ant-genus Chrysapace Crawley" type="journal article" year="1924">WHEELER (1924)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="4E50AE81FF84FFB3FDBBB90EFD63FA14" author="BROWN W. L. Jr." box="[604,756,1395,1418]" firstAuthor="BROWN" journalOrPublisher="Search Agriculture (Ithaca, New York)" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 115" part="5" refId="ref9471" refString="BROWN W. L. Jr. 1975: Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. V. Ponerinae, tribes Platythyreini, Cerapachyini, Cylindromyrmecini, Acanthostichini, andAenictogitini. Search Agriculture (Ithaca, New York) 5 (1): 1 - 115." title="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. V. Ponerinae, tribes Platythyreini, Cerapachyini, Cylindromyrmecini, Acanthostichini, andAenictogitini" type="journal article" year="1975">BROWN (1975)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62DB80FBFF84FFB3FF70B9DFFD60F787" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" type="key">
<key id="5E508441FF84FFB3FF70B9DFFD60F787" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<keyStep id="9135CBD5FF84FFB3FF70B9DFFD6FF9E4" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<paragraph id="2A7ED370FF84FFB3FF70B9DFFD6FF9A7" blockId="2.[151,760,1441,2073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<keyLead id="91307045FF84FFB3FF70B9DFFD6FF9A7" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
1 Abdominal tergite IVVI longitudinally costate (except for anterior marginal areas); dorsum of mesosoma transversely arched in most areas. ................................... ..........................................
<taxonomicName id="EDC1A8F3FF84FFB3FE30BA7CFD60F984" authority="Crawley, 1924" authorityName="Crawley" authorityYear="1924" box="[471,759,1537,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacobsoni">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FE30BA7CFDCBF984" bold="true" box="[471,604,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">C. jacobsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E50AE81FF84FFB3FD85BA7CFD60F984" author="CRAWLEY W. C." box="[610,759,1537,1562]" firstAuthor="Crawley" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" pagination="380 - 409" part="13" refId="ref9568" refString="CRAWLEY W. C. 1924: Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9 13: 380 - 409" title="Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson" type="journal article" year="1924">Crawley, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Sumatra, Borneo,
<collectingCountry id="52D693E0FF84FFB3FD91BA5CFD67F9A7" box="[630,752,1569,1593]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Philippines</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A7ED370FF84FFB3FF70BA3FFD6FF9E4" blockId="2.[151,760,1441,2073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<keyLead id="91307045FF84FFB3FF70BA3FFD6FF9E4" pageId="2" pageNumber="469"> Abdominal tergite IVVI lacks any costation; dorsum of mesosoma longitudinally costate. ............................ 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9135CBD5FF84FFB3FF70BAFFFD6FF884" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<paragraph id="2A7ED370FF84FFB3FF70BAFFFD60F967" blockId="2.[151,760,1441,2073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<keyLead id="91307045FF84FFB3FF70BAFFFD60F967" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
2 Abdominal tergite III with costae which are transversely arched around center of posterior margin in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="B2FACFF5FF84FFB3FF13BABCFEA4F947" box="[244,307,1729,1753]" captionStart="Figs 18" captionStartId="3.[151,188,2012,2031]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,190,1893]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 18.Chrysapace merimbunensis Yamada &amp; Eguchi sp. nov., worker, holotype (except for Fig. 6 which is based on a paratype). 1 head in full-face view; 2 body in lateral view; 3 head and mesosoma in dorsal view; 4 left mandible in dorsal view; 5 metasoma in dorsal view; 6 pretergite and cinctus of abdominal segment IV in dorsal view; 7 pygidium in dorsal view; 8 hypopygium in ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5341485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5341485/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). .......................
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FE3EBABCFD6FF944" bold="true" box="[473,760,1729,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="EDC1A8F3FF84FFB3FE3EBABCFD08F947" authority="Yamada &amp; Lin &amp; Eguchi, 2019" authorityName="Yamada &amp; Lin &amp; Eguchi" authorityYear="2019" box="[473,671,1729,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merimbunensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FE3EBABCFD08F947" bold="true" box="[473,671,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">C. merimbunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0386B219FF84FFB3FD42BABFFD6FF944" box="[677,760,1730,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="52D693E0FF84FFB3FD43BA9CFD67F967" box="[676,752,1761,1785]" name="Brunei" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Brunei</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A7ED370FF84FFB3FF70BB7FFD6FF884" blockId="2.[151,760,1441,2073]" box="[151,760,1793,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<keyLead id="91307045FF84FFB3FF70BB7FFD6FF884" box="[151,760,1793,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469"> Abdominal tergite III longitudinally costate. ............. 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9135CBD5FF84FFB3FF70BB5FFD60F787" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<paragraph id="2A7ED370FF84FFB3FF70BB5FFD60F807" blockId="2.[151,760,1441,2073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<keyLead id="91307045FF84FFB3FF70BB5FFD60F807" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
3 Costae on vertex at most weakly distorted (
<figureCitation id="B2FACFF5FF84FFB3FD9FBB5CFD54F8A4" box="[632,707,1825,1850]" captionStart="Figs 4143" captionStartId="11.[151,188,956,975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,510,943]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[151,1436,508,944]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 4143. Difference of workers head sculpture between Chrysapace sauteri (Forel, 1913) and Chrysapace costatus (Bharti &amp; Wachkoo, 2013). 41 C. sauteri nontype from Taiwan, colony: Eg12v17-1214; 42 C. costatus nontype from Yunnan; 43 C. costatus holotype from India." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5341499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5341499/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
); eye and ocelli relatively small (EI + OI ≦ 25). ...................... ..................................................
<taxonomicName id="EDC1A8F3FF84FFB3FDE7BB1CFD60F807" authority="(Forel, 1913) (Taiwan)" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauteri">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FDE7BB1CFDFDF8E7" bold="true" box="[512,618,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">C. sauteri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E50AE81FF84FFB3FD90BB1CFD67F8E4" author="FOREL A." box="[631,752,1889,1914]" firstAuthor="Forel" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Naturgeschichte" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" pagination="183 - 202" part="79" refId="ref9651" refString="FOREL A. 1913: H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute: Formicidae II. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Series A 79: 183 - 202." title="H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute: Formicidae II" type="journal article" year="1913">Forel, 1913</bibRefCitation>
) (
<collectingRegion id="E8051D92FF84FFB3FD47BBFCFD60F807" box="[672,759,1921,1945]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A7ED370FF84FFB3FF70BBDFFD60F787" blockId="2.[151,760,1441,2073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
<keyLead id="91307045FF84FFB3FF70BBDFFD60F787" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">
Costae on vertex strongly and coarsely distorted (
<figureCitation id="B2FACFF5FF84FFB3FD2DBBDCFF6CF844" captionStart="Figs 4143" captionStartId="11.[151,188,956,975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,510,943]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[151,1436,508,944]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 4143. Difference of workers head sculpture between Chrysapace sauteri (Forel, 1913) and Chrysapace costatus (Bharti &amp; Wachkoo, 2013). 41 C. sauteri nontype from Taiwan, colony: Eg12v17-1214; 42 C. costatus nontype from Yunnan; 43 C. costatus holotype from India." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5341499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5341499/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">Figs 4243</figureCitation>
); eye and ocelli relatively large (EI + OI ≧ 29). ........................
<taxonomicName id="EDC1A8F3FF84FFB3FE83BB9CFD60F864" authority="(Bharti &amp; Wachkoo, 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Bharti &amp; Wachkoo" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[356,759,2017,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">
<emphasis id="18B50F62FF84FFB3FE83BB9CFE4DF867" bold="true" box="[356,474,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">C. costatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E50AE81FF84FFB3FE00BB9CFD67F864" author="BHARTI H. &amp; WACHKOO A." box="[487,752,2017,2042]" firstAuthor="Bharti" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="2" pageNumber="469" pagination="1189 - 1192" part="68" refId="ref9262" refString="BHARTI H. &amp; WACHKOO A. 2013: Cerapachys browni and Cerapachys costatus, two new rare ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from India. Biologia 68 (6): 1189 - 1192." title="Cerapachys browni and Cerapachys costatus, two new rare ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from India" type="journal article" year="2013">Bharti &amp; Wachkoo, 2013</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(northern
<collectingCountry id="52D693E0FF84FFB3FE17B47CFDBDF787" box="[496,554,2049,2073]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="469">India</collectingCountry>
, Yunnan, Guangxi)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>