383 lines
43 KiB
XML
383 lines
43 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="627097E26466F69EB41582F8BE2D22B3">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CE1131E5AFBACBFA7AB8067D85342795">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6FBF994BE484B71F04260E84AC4924EE">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C264BBF7CD171D37C8A6EA2569BD9BC7">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="753CE63C404B0B390E0D5A5453DBFBB3">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E779263F7E33CD1F340989698F393B1B">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0F3085C71DC0618ED6AEB9D321B0099">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="27CD2C855807C9B8E66C88925CC5DD42">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="132434A54ADF362858022DCD86DC17FB">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFB2FFFC9CD60EB9D365F986" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107045" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107045" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFB2FFFC9CD60EB9D365F986" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFB2FFFC9CD60EB9D365F986" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFB2FFFD9CD60EB9D546FDA6" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB2FFFD9CD60EB9D517FDDC" blockId="68.[151,558,496,555]" box="[151,558,496,522]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FFB2FFFD9CD60EB9D517FDDC" bold="true" box="[151,558,496,522]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB2FFFD9CD60EB9D517FDDC" ID-CoL="5CVXV" authority="Gegenbaur, 1856" authorityName="Gegenbaur" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,558,496,522]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Zanclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="costata">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9CD60EB9D517FDDC" bold="true" box="[151,558,496,522]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9CD60EB9D66DFDDC" bold="true" box="[151,340,496,522]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Zanclea costata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB2FFFD9D1A0EB9D517FDDC" author="Gegenbaur" box="[347,558,496,522]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Gegenbaur, C. (1856) Versuch eines Systems der Medusen, mit Beschreibung neuer oder wenig gekannter Formen; zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fauna des Mittelmeeres. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 8 (2), 202 - 273." type="journal article" year="1856">Gegenbaur, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB2FFFD9CD60D5BD620FDFD" blockId="68.[151,558,496,555]" box="[151,281,530,555]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFB2FFFD9CD60D5BD7DCFDFD" box="[151,229,530,555]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[320,1259,699,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[294,1305,677,1774]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 47. Zanclea costata: A, hydranth with medusa buds; B, mature medusa; C, holotrichous macrobasic eurytele of the polyp; D, microbasic mastigophore of the polyps; E, heterotrichous macrobasic eurytele of the medusa cnidophores (C, D, E same scale bar) (modified after Cerrano et al. 1997). Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.5 mm; C, D, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242776/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
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A–E
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB2FFFD9CD60D13D546FDA6" blockId="68.[151,639,602,624]" box="[151,639,602,624]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">See Schuchert (2010) for a complete synonymy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF2E6640FFB2FFFD9CD609BFD381F89C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242776/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" targetBox="[320,1259,699,1734]" targetPageId="68">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB2FFFD9CD609BFD381F89C" blockId="68.[151,1436,1782,1866]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9CD609BFD619F8DD" bold="true" box="[151,288,1782,1804]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 47.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB2FFFD9D6609BFD6F0F8DA" box="[295,457,1782,1804]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Zanclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="costata">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9D6609BFD6F0F8DA" box="[295,457,1782,1804]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Zanclea costata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9D9909BFD6D3F8DD" bold="true" box="[472,490,1782,1803]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">A</emphasis>
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, hydranth with medusa buds;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9F6109BED408F8DA" bold="true" box="[800,817,1783,1804]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">B</emphasis>
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, mature medusa;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9FA909BFD4C3F8DA" bold="true" box="[1000,1018,1782,1804]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">C</emphasis>
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, holotrichous macrobasic eurytele of the polyp;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9C9E085CD7C8F8FC" bold="true" box="[223,241,1813,1834]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">D</emphasis>
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, microbasic mastigophore of the polyps;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9EDC085CD597F8FC" bold="true" box="[669,686,1813,1834]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">E</emphasis>
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, heterotrichous macrobasic eurytele of the medusa cnidophores (C, D, E same scale bar) (modified after Cerrano
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9E71087CD55AF89C" box="[560,611,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
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1997). Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.5 mm; C, D, E, 10 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFB2FFFD9CD60838D688F878" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB2FFFD9CD60838D688F878" blockId="68.[151,1436,1905,2038]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9CD60838D6B4F85C" bold="true" box="[151,397,1905,1930]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 0 52 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp stage.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFB2FFFC9C8608F0D3D1FB8E" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB2FFFD9C8608F0D4D2F820" blockId="68.[151,1436,1905,2038]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9C8608F0D66BF804" bold="true" box="[199,338,1977,2002]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB2FFFD9E9F08F0D4D1F807" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[734,1000,1977,2002]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB2FFFD985508F0D3E8F804" box="[1044,1233,1977,2002]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Zanclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="implexa">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD985508F0D3E8F804" box="[1044,1233,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Zanclea implexa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB2FFFD989A08F3D2ADF804" box="[1243,1428,1977,2002]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="variety" variety="neapolitana">
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var.
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD994F08F0D2ADF804" box="[1294,1428,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">neapolitana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB2FFFD9CD60894D65EF820" author="Gravili" box="[151,359,2013,2038]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1996">
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Gravili
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9CAC0897D61CF820" box="[237,293,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
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1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB2FFFD9D320897D576F820" author="Cerrano" box="[371,591,2013,2038]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Cerrano, C., Amoretti, D. & Bavestrello, G. (1997) The polyp and the medusa of Zanclea costata Gegenbaur (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (2), 177 - 179. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356192" type="journal article" year="1997">
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||
Cerrano
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9D950897D535F820" box="[468,524,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
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||
1997
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Boero
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB2FFFD9EE40897D5E4F820" box="[677,733,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2000; Schuchert 2010):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860FDED45EFE96" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9C860FDED60AFF66" bold="true" box="[199,307,151,176]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza as a creeping, branched stolon system; colony stolonal; hydrocaulus as hydranth pedicel, covered by perisarc, corrugated to annulated; hydranths cylindrical; with 4–6 capitate tentacles in an oral whorl; about 40–60 capitate aboral tentacles scattered over entire hydranth body; medusa buds scattered, each arising on a stalk between tentacles in the mid-upper part of hydranth, up to
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<date id="FFEF1008FFB3FFFC9F1D0E4DD496FECB" box="[860,943,260,285]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1920-05">20 may</date>
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be present, advanced buds with two pairs of unequally developed marginal bulbs. Colour: perisarc brownish.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860E05D6FFFE5E" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9C860E05D65CFEB3" bold="true" box="[199,357,332,357]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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||
Habitat
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||
<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFB3FFFC9D6A0E05D659FEB3" box="[299,352,332,357]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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The hydroids can be found in rather shallow coastal waters (2.5–
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||
<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFB3FFFC980E0E05D340FEB2" box="[1103,1145,332,357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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of depth) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC98B90E05D7EAFE5E" author="Boero" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9C9C0E39D683FE5E" author="Cerrano" box="[221,442,367,392]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Cerrano, C., Amoretti, D. & Bavestrello, G. (1997) The polyp and the medusa of Zanclea costata Gegenbaur (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (2), 177 - 179. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356192" type="journal article" year="1997">
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||
Cerrano
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9D7E0E38D64EFE5E" box="[319,375,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860EDDD307FE19" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9C860EDDD678FE7B" bold="true" box="[199,321,404,429]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Substrate.</emphasis>
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The polyps grow on shells of Bivalvia, imbedded in the sediment, mostly on
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB3FFFC98DD0EDDD25AFE7B" box="[1180,1379,404,429]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Chamelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gallina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC98DD0EDDD25AFE7B" box="[1180,1379,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Chamelea gallina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.), but also on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB3FFFC9D580EFED6C1FE06" box="[281,504,439,464]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mactridae" genus="Spisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtruncata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9D580EFED6C1FE06" box="[281,504,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Spisula subtruncata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(da Costa),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB3FFFC9EC00EF0D452FE19" authority="Pennant" authorityName="Pennant" box="[641,875,440,464]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Venus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9EC00EF0D43EFE06" box="[641,775,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Venus ovata</emphasis>
|
||
Pennant
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB3FFFC9FE70EFED330FE06" box="[934,1033,439,464]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Cardium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9FE70EFED330FE06" box="[934,1033,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Cardium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860E95D6F3FDCE" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9C860E95D66DFE23" bold="true" box="[199,340,476,501]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Seasonality.</emphasis>
|
||
From January to December in the Ligurian Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9F3E0E95D35FFE23" author="Boero" box="[895,1126,476,501]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); July (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC98F80E95D2B6FE23" author="Gravili" box="[1209,1423,476,501]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC99530E94D27DFE23" box="[1298,1348,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); February–June (this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860D6DD3BDFDB6" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9C860D6DD6FFFDEB" bold="true" box="[199,454,548,573]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
|
||
In the Ligurian Sea, fertile colonies occur from May to August (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC98EF0D6DD2AEFDEB" author="Boero" box="[1198,1431,548,573]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9CD60D01D64AFDB6" author="Cerrano" box="[151,371,583,608]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Cerrano, C., Amoretti, D. & Bavestrello, G. (1997) The polyp and the medusa of Zanclea costata Gegenbaur (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (2), 177 - 179. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356192" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Cerrano
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9CB90D00D609FDB6" box="[248,304,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); from March to June (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9E320D0ED444FDB6" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[627,893,583,608]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1987) Seasonal distribution of hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Gulf of Naples and vicinity, with observations on sexual and asexual reproduction in some species. In: Bouillon, J., Boero, F., Cicogna, F. & Cornelius, P. F. S. (Eds.), Modern trends in the Systematics, Ecology and Evolution of Hydroids and Hydromedusae. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 133 - 141." type="book chapter" year="1987">Brinckmann-Voss 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860D25D4EEFD26" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9C860D25D614FD53" bold="true" box="[199,301,620,645]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Medusa.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult. Bell-shaped, mesoglea slightly thicker at apex; exumbrellar nematocysts in linear, meridional tracks running from the bulbs upwards, length variable and depending on age; gonads surround manubrium, females with more than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D57FD41FFB3FFFC9DED0DFDD531FD1B" box="[428,520,692,717]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="egg">10 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
; fully grown with 2–4 tentacles bearing numerous cnidophores, all attached in a linear series, stalks of cnidophores variable, short proximal, longest distal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860DB5D7F6FC1E" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Developmental stages. Newly released medusa almost spherical; with 4 perradial, oval nematocyst buttons containing stenoteles on exumbrella; manubrium simple, tubular, spanning about half of the subumbrellar cavity; 4 radial canals, well visible, no linear swellings; no gonads visible; 4 marginal bulbs, one opposite pair large, the other very small; each large bulb bearing one long, tapering, contractile tentacle with about 50 cnidophores, cnidophores all on one side of tentacle, contractile, each with usually 3–5 macrobasic euryteles, distally with long cilia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860C9DD3D1FB8E" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9C860C9DD602FC3B" bold="true" box="[199,315,980,1005]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Cnidome.</emphasis>
|
||
Stenoteles of two sizes in tentacle capitations; large holotrichous macrobasic euryteles with a shaft coiled spirally along the main axis of undischarged capsules, charged shaft about six-times as long as capsule, abundant in hydrorhiza and rare in hydranth body; microbasic mastigophores rare in hydranth and hydrorhiza (polyp); two size-classes of stenoteles, telotrichous macrobasic euryteles in cnidophores (medusa).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFB3FFFC9C860B2DD388FADB" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860B2DD57EFB3E" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9C860B2DD659FBAB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1124,1149]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic to the Mediterranean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9E980B2DD4A5FBAB" author="Gegenbaur" box="[729,924,1124,1149]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Gegenbaur, C. (1856) Versuch eines Systems der Medusen, mit Beschreibung neuer oder wenig gekannter Formen; zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fauna des Mittelmeeres. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 8 (2), 202 - 273." type="journal article" year="1856">Gegenbaur 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9FEB0B2DD306FBAA" author="Hargitt" box="[938,1087,1124,1149]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Hargitt, C. W. (1904) Notes on some hydromedusae from the Bay of Naples. Mitteilungen aus der zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 16 (4), 553 - 585." type="journal article" year="1904">Hargitt 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC980C0B2DD3C3FBAA" author="Bruckner" box="[1101,1274,1124,1149]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Bruckner, E. (1914) Beitrag zur Kenntnis von Perigonimus cidaritis Weismann und Gemmaria implexa var. neapolitana Hargitt. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 111 (4), 445 - 505." type="journal article" year="1914">Brückner 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC99480B2DD2AEFBAB" author="Prevot" box="[1289,1431,1124,1149]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Prevot, E. (1959) Morphologie et evolution des structures tentaculaires chez les hydraires gymnoblastes capitata. Recueil des Traveaux de la station marine d'Endoume, 29 (Bulletin 17), 91 - 126." type="journal article" year="1959">Prévot 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9CD60BCED698FB76" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[151,417,1159,1184]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9DEF0BCED546FB76" author="Gravili" box="[430,639,1159,1184]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9E450BC0D504FB76" box="[516,573,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9ECA0BC1D5EAFB76" author="Gravili" box="[651,723,1160,1184]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">2008a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9E9F0BCED37FFB76" author="Medel" box="[734,1094,1159,1184]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC98120BC1D216FB76" author="Cerrano" box="[1107,1327,1159,1184]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Cerrano, C., Amoretti, D. & Bavestrello, G. (1997) The polyp and the medusa of Zanclea costata Gegenbaur (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (2), 177 - 179. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356192" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Cerrano
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC98F50BC0D3D4FB76" box="[1204,1261,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC99C90BC0D78DFB13" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9D460BE4D5D9FB12" author="Pena" box="[263,736,1196,1220]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), all other records have to be confirmed on basis of hydroid cnidome studies (see Schuchert 2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860BBDD388FADB" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" box="[199,1201,1268,1293]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9C860BBDD697FADB" bold="true" box="[199,430,1268,1293]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Rare in the Palude del Capitano (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9F660BBDD4F1FADA" author="Presicce" box="[807,968,1268,1293]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Presicce, M. M. (1991) Gli idroidi (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) del litorale salentino. Degree Thesis, Marine Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 143 pp." type="book" year="1991">Presicce 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9F950BBDD39CFADB" author="Gravili" box="[980,1189,1268,1293]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC986B0BBCD35BFADB" box="[1066,1122,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFB3FFFC9C860A5ED7E6FA4B" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860A5ED7E6FA4B" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9C860A5ED602FAE6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1303,1328]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Only the hydroid stage was seen in the present study. The medusa can be parasitized by the nudibranch
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB3FFFC9D5C0A75D5C9FA82" authority="Peron and Lesueur" authorityName="Peron and Lesueur" box="[285,752,1340,1365]" class="Gastropoda" family="Phylliroidae" genus="Phyllirhoe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bucephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9D5C0A75D529FA83" box="[285,528,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Phyllirhoe bucephala</emphasis>
|
||
Péron and Lesueur
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the parasitized form has been given its own name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB3FFFC997F0A74D7C7FAAE" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Mnestra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC997F0A74D7C7FAAE" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mnestra parasites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and loses its tentacles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9E4A0A16D5AFFAAE" author="Krohn" box="[523,662,1375,1400]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Krohn, A. (1853) Ueber die Natur des kuppelformigen Anhanges am Leibe von Phyllirhoe bucephalum. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 19, 278 - 281." type="journal article" year="1853">Krohn 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9EE30A16D414FAAE" author="Caziot" box="[674,813,1375,1400]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Caziot, E. (1921) Especes rares de la faune marine de la rade de Villefranche-sur-Mer (A. M.). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 46, 114 - 116." type="journal article" year="1921">Caziot 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9F790A16D486FAAE" author="Ankel" box="[824,959,1375,1400]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Ankel, W. E. (1952) Phyllirrhoe bucephala Per. et Les. und die Meduse Mnestra parasites Krohn. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 23, 91 - 140." type="journal article" year="1952">Ankel 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9F8B0A16D27DFAAE" author="Martin" box="[970,1348,1375,1400]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Martin, R. & Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1963) Zum Brutpflegeparasitismus von Phyllirhoe bucephala Per. & Les. (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia) auf der Meduse Zanclea costata Gegenb. (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae). Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 33, 206 - 223." type="journal article" year="1963">Martin & Brinckmann-Voss 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC99110A16D7EAFA4B" author="Martin" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Martin, R. (1966) An attempt to infect in vitro medusae of Zanclea costata (Anthomedusae) with the veliger of Phyllirrhoe bucephala (Opisthobranchia). Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 35 (1), 130 - 131." type="journal article" year="1966">Martin 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFB3FFFC9C860AEED365F986" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFB3FFFC9C860AEED365F986" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9C860AEED669FA16" bold="true" box="[199,336,1447,1472]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9D160AE1D6CDFA16" author="Mayer" box="[343,500,1448,1472]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae. Vol. I & II. Washington, Carnegie Institution, 735 pp." type="book" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9E400AEED584FA16" author="Bruckner" box="[513,701,1447,1472]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Bruckner, E. (1914) Beitrag zur Kenntnis von Perigonimus cidaritis Weismann und Gemmaria implexa var. neapolitana Hargitt. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 111 (4), 445 - 505." type="journal article" year="1914">Brückner (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9E880AEED449FA16" author="Russell" box="[713,880,1447,1472]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles, Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London, Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 119.3095.562" type="book" year="1953">Russell (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9F3C0AEED392FA16" author="Tregouboff" box="[893,1195,1447,1472]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Tregouboff, G. & Rose, M. (1957) Manuel de Planctonologie Mediterraneenne. Tome I & II. C. N. R. S., Paris, 587 pp. & 31 pls. [pls. 62 - 93]." type="book chapter" year="1957">Trégouboff & Rose (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC98F90AE1D268FA16" author="Kramp" box="[1208,1361,1447,1472]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1957) Some Mediterranean Hydromedusae collected by A. K. Totton in 1954 and 1956. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 119, 115 - 128." type="journal article" year="1957">Kramp (1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC991C0AEED2A1FA16" author="Kramp" box="[1373,1432,1447,1472]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1959) The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana-Report, 46, 1 - 283." type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9CD60A85D7EBFA33" author="Kramp" box="[151,210,1484,1509]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9CA70A85D6B7FA33" author="Picard" box="[230,398,1484,1509]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Picard, J. (1958 a) Origines et affinites de la faune d'hydropolypes (Gymnoblastes et Calyptoblastes) et d'hydromeduses (Anthomeduses et Leptomeduses) de la Mediterranee. Rapports et proces verbaux des Reunions de la Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee Monaco, 14, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Picard (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9DDB0A85D58AFA32" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[410,691,1484,1509]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB3FFFC9E980A84D47EFA32" ID-CoL="5CVXV" box="[729,839,1485,1508]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleidae" genus="Zanclea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="costata">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9E980A84D47EFA32" box="[729,839,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Z. costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFB3FFFC9F0F0A84D33DFA33" box="[846,1028,1484,1509]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="variety" variety="neapolitana">
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||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9F3F0A85D33DFA33" box="[894,1028,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">neapolitana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC98520A85D3AFFA33" author="Goy" box="[1043,1174,1484,1509]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Goy, J. (1985) Coelenteres et planctonologie. In: Van Praet, M. (Ed.), Apport des coelenteres a la biologie marine. Oceanis, 11 (4), pp. 325 - 337." type="journal article" year="1985">Goy (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC98E30A85D26DFA32" author="Presicce" box="[1186,1364,1484,1509]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Presicce, M. M. (1991) Gli idroidi (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) del litorale salentino. Degree Thesis, Marine Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 143 pp." type="book" year="1991">Presicce (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC991E0A85D7DDF9DE" author="Riedl" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Riedl, R. (1991) Fauna e flora del Mediterraneo. Muzio (Ed.), Padova, 777 pp." type="book" year="1991">Riedl (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9CB10AA6D6F4F9DE" author="Gravili" box="[240,461,1519,1544]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. In: Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P. F. S. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), pp. 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1996">
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Gravili
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9D090AB8D6B8F9DE" box="[328,385,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
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(1996
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9D980AB9D51BF9DE" author="Gravili" box="[473,546,1520,1544]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">2008a</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9E740AA6D488F9DE" author="Medel" box="[565,945,1519,1544]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9FFF0AB9D394F9DE" box="[958,1197,1519,1544]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Cerrano, C., Amoretti, D. & Bavestrello, G. (1997) The polyp and the medusa of Zanclea costata Gegenbaur (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Italian Journal of Zoology, 64 (2), 177 - 179. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009709356192" type="journal article">
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Cerrano
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC985E0AB8D360F9DE" box="[1055,1113,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9CAE095DD6EBF9FA" box="[239,466,1556,1581]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Piraino, S., Brandini, E., Denitto, F., Esposito, L. & Avian, M. (1999) La diversita degli Cnidari nella riserva marina di Ustica. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6 (1), 272 - 274." type="journal article">
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Piraino
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9D06095CD646F9FB" box="[327,383,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFB3FFFC9DDC097ED5B4F986" box="[413,653,1591,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Benovic, A., Lucic, D., Onofri, V., Batistic, M. & Njire, J. (2005) Bathymetric distribution of medusae in the open waters of the middle and south Adriatic Sea during spring 2002. Journal of Plankton Research, 27 (1), 79 - 89. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / plankt / fbh 153" type="journal article">
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Batistić
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFB3FFFC9F8B0970D33AF986" box="[970,1027,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |